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Soybean Carbohydrate As Fermentation Feedstock for Production Of Process Biochemistry 51 (2016) 1046–1057 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Process Biochemistry jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/procbio Review Soybean carbohydrate as fermentation feedstock for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals ∗ Abdullah Al Loman, Lu-Kwang Ju Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Being one of the major oilseed crops throughout America and Asia, soybean production has increased Received 5 March 2016 rapidly due to the rising demand for oil and protein. Carbohydrates are also major components in soybean. Received in revised form 5 April 2016 During the soybean processing for producing oil and protein products, large amounts of carbohydrate-rich Accepted 16 April 2016 byproducts or waste are generated. Soy protein products such as soybean meal, soy protein concentrate Available online 19 April 2016 and soybean milk also contain carbohydrates that have anti-nutritional concerns and decrease the value of these products. Removing these carbohydrates from soy protein products and finding valuable uses Keywords: for these carbohydrates and other carbohydrate-rich waste/byproducts are highly desirable. Here, the Soy carbohydrate Biofuel various carbohydrate-rich waste byproducts generated from soybean processing and their compositions Enzyme are described. Recent developments on their use as fermentation feedstocks for production of biofu- Fermentation els, enzymes and a variety of specialty chemicals are then reviewed and summarized. This review can Bio-refinery facilitate knowledge and technology integration for development of a soy-based biorefinery platform. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . 1047 2. Current soybean processing. .1047 2.1. Overview of current processing and derivatives . 1047 2.1.1. Soybean hull . 1047 2.1.2. Soybean meal . 1047 2.1.3. Soybean molasses. .1048 2.1.4. Soybean okara . 1048 3. Biofuel production using soybean carbohydrate as fermentation feedstock . 1048 3.1. Ethanol production . 1048 3.1.1. Ethanol from soybean hull hydrolysate . 1048 3.1.2. Ethanol from soybean molasses . 1050 3.2. Butanol production . 1050 4. Enzyme production from soybean processing byproducts . 1051 4.1. Cellulase production . 1051 4.2. Polygalacturonase production. .1051 4.3. Xylanase production. .1051 4.4. Lipase production. .1051 5. Specialty chemical production . 1053 5.1. Specialty chemicals from soybean meal . 1053 5.2. Specialty chemicals from soybean molasses . 1053 5.3. Specialty chemicals from soybean okara . 1053 5.3.1. Methane production . 1053 ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (L.-K. Ju). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.011 1359-5113/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. A.A. Loman, L.-K. Ju / Process Biochemistry 51 (2016) 1046–1057 1047 5.3.2. Hydrogen production . 1054 5.3.3. Antibiotic production . 1054 5.3.4. Improving antioxidant properties of polysaccharide . 1054 6. Summary . 1054 Acknowledgement . 1055 References. .1055 1. Introduction Soybean hulls are first removed. The dehulled flakes are then pressed or solvent-extracted for oil, leaving the soybean meal that The ability of soy to grow in a wide variety of soil and climatic contains a high.
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