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History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in the Middle East (1909-2007)

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SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 HISTORY OF SOYBEANS AND SOYFOODS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (1909-2007): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK 1 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 2 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 HISTORY OF SOYBEANS AND SOYFOODS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (1909-2007): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK BAHRAIN, CYPRUS, IRAN (PERSIA), IRAQ, ISRAEL, JORDAN, KUWAIT, LEBANON, OMAN, PALESTINE, QATAR, SAUDI ARABIA, SYRIA, TURKEY, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE), AND YEMEN: Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2008 3 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 Copyright (c) 2008 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 Fax: 925-283-9091 www.soyinfocenter.com [email protected] ISBN 978-1-928914-15-0 (History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in the Middle East: Bibliography and Sourcebook) Printed 28 Dec. 2008 Price: $69.95 Search engine keywords: History of soybeans in the Middle East History of soy in Jordan History of soybeans in Near East History of soy in Kuwait History of soybeans in Bahrain History of soy in Lebanon History of soybeans in Cyprus History of soy in Oman History of soybeans in Iran History of soy in Palestine History of soybeans in Persia History of soy in Qatar History of soybeans in Iraq History of soy in Saudi Arabia History of soybeans in Israel History of soy in Syria History of soybeans in Jordan History of soy in Turkey History of soybeans in Kuwait History of soy in United Arab Emirates (UAE) History of soybeans in Lebanon History of soy in Yemen History of soybeans in Oman History of soybeans in Palestine Bibliography of soybeans in the Middle East History of soybeans in Qatar Bibliography of soybeans in the Near East History of soybeans in Saudi Arabia Bibliography of soybeans in Iran History of soybeans in Syria Bibliography of soybeans in Israel History of soybeans in Turkey Bibliography of soybeans in Turkey History of soybeans in United Arab Emirates (UAE) History of soybeans in Yemen Bibliography of soy in the Middle East Bibliography of soy in the Near East History of soy in the Middle East Bibliography of soy in Iran History of soy in Near East Bibliography of soy in Israel History of soy in Bahrain Bibliography of soy in Turkey History of soy in Cyprus History of soy in Iran Chronology of soybeans in the Middle East History of soy in Persia Timeline of soybeans in the Middle East History of soy in Iraq Chronology of soy in the Near East History of soy in Israel Timeline of soy in the Near East 4 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff ........................................................................... 7 Abbreviations Used in This Book .................................................................................................................... 9 How to Make the Best Use of This Book ...................................................................................................... 10 History of Soy in the Middle East: 825 References in Chronological Order ........................................... 13 Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ..................................................................................... 243 5 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is dedicated to Eliahu Navot of Herzlia – Israel’s Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially soybean pioneer. And to Daniel Chajuss of Hayes Ashdod Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. Ltd., a pioneer worldwide in the field of modern soy protein products and soy molasses. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role people from around the world who share a common interest, in collecting the documents, building the library, and and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or producing the SoyaScan database from which this book is skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or printed: practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana help to our research over the years, several stand out: Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, and Rowyn McDonald. National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Gilbert, Special thanks to Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, Kim Hicks, Patricia Krug, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Maryland. Ellen Mann, Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike Thompson, Tanner Wray. Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of Alamo, California, who has kept our computers up and running Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. since Sept. 1983. National Library of Medicine. This book, now doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, of course, are solely the responsibility of William Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. Shurtleff. Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry Cartmill, Linda Barbero. 6 SOY IN THE MIDDLE EAST (c) Soyinfo Center 2008 INTRODUCTION Brief Chronology of Soybeans in the Middle East 1948 May 14 – Israel is proclaimed a state. The land had formerly been part of Palestine. 1909 – Turkey: Soya bean products (soya-bean oil) are first reported in Turkey (Carson 1909, p. 28). 1949 – Israel. Eliahu Navot, the soybean pioneer in 1910 – Soya bean “production of the French Israel and the Middle East, leaves on a one-year trip around possessions in Asia, of Asia Minor [which is now the large the world to study soybeans and soyfoods, with the eastern part of Turkey], and of West Africa is said to be encouragement of the Minister of Agriculture and Prof. neither large nor promising enough to be of much account Chaim Weizmann. He collects new varieties, lives with for export” (Times (London), July 19, p. 63). soybean farmers, and learns how to prepare a host of tasty 1920. – Turkey and Persia (Iran): 0.4 million piculs of dishes – which he introduces to Israel upon his return. Over yellow soybeans are exported from China “To Turkey, the next 20 years of selfless work he earns the title “Father Persia, Egypt, etc.” (Chinese Economic Monthly, June 1924, of the Soybean in Israel.” p. 12-19). Note: We cannot say for sure to which of these 1948-52 – Turkey: 2,000 tonnes (metric tons0 of countries the soybeans were exported. Yet these are the first soybeans are produced on 2,000 ha in Turkey; yield: 860 soybeans in the Middle East. kg/ha. Production in Turkey increases to 4,000 tonnes in 1924 – Lebanon: Soybeans are first reported in 1955, 5,000 tonnes in 1956, 6,000 tonnes in 1963, 9,000 Lebanon, and were probably being cultivated in Beirut by tonnes in 1968, 11,000 tonnes in 1968, then 12,000 tonnes the Agricultural Service (Service de l’Agriculture ) (Salgues in 1970 (FAO Production Yearbook 1958, 1967, 70). These 1937). are the earliest production or area statistics see for Turkey of 1931 – Turkey and the Middle East: Soybeans are first the Middle East. Turkey has become the first major soybean cultivated in Turkey by Dr. Drahorad. The source of the producer in the Middle East. soybeans was Brillmayer in Austria (Brillmayer 1947, p. 14- 1953 – Arabia: Significant shipments of Multi-Purpose 18). These are the first soybeans clearly cultivated in the Food have been sent to “Arabia” (Soybean Digest, March middle East. 1953). 1932 – Syria: Soy products (soy sauce) is first reported 1957 Nov. – Jordan: Soybeans are first cultivated in in Syria; it was imported to Canada from Syria (Dominion Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 1958). of Bureau Statistics 1934). 1960 June – Iraq, and Oman: The earliest known 1933-34 – Persia. The line of soybeans bred in Platt, soybean product is introduced, Multi-Purpose Food (Meals Austria, by Franz Brillmayer is sent to Persia via a man who for Millions 1963). was asked to visit Brillmayer by the Shah of Persia 1960 March – Israel: Soy flour is made commercially (Brillmayer 1947, p. 14-18). by the Etz-Hazaith Oil & Soap Industry, Israel. (Soya 1935 – Palestine: Experiments in soybean cultivation Bluebook 1960). This is the earliest known commercial soy are conducted at the Rehovot Research Station from 1935- product made in Israel or the Middle East. 1944 (Kaltenbach 1936; Hurwitz & Golden, 1950). 1961 May – Lebanon: Soybeans are clearly being 1935 – Persia is renamed Iran. cultivated in Lebanon (Musharraf Ali 1962). 1936 – Palestine: “Soya cultivation is not practised in 1966 – Iran: Active and continuous research on and this country though trials have been made at the Mikweh cultivation of soybeans begins (Sahidi 1997). Israel School at Jaffa, but with very little success. A few 1967 – Iran: 3,000* tonnes (metric tons) of soybeans variety trials were made in 1935 at the Experiment Station are produced on 5,000* ha in Iran; yield: 620 kg/ha. of the Department of Agriculture, but no satisfactory results Production in Iran increases to 11,000* tonnes in 1968, then were obtained” (Kaltenbach & Legros 1936). 45,000* tons in 1969, 47,000F tonnes in 1970, and 50,000F 1936 – Cyprus: Soybeans are being cultivated; they are tonnes in 1971.
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