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Act Cciii of 2011 on the Elections of Members Of
Strasbourg, 15 March 2012 CDL-REF(2012)003 Opinion No. 662 / 2012 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) ACT CCIII OF 2011 ON THE ELECTIONS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF HUNGARY This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-REF(2012)003 - 2 - The Parliament - relying on Hungary’s legislative traditions based on popular representation; - guaranteeing that in Hungary the source of public power shall be the people, which shall pri- marily exercise its power through its elected representatives in elections which shall ensure the free expression of the will of voters; - ensuring the right of voters to universal and equal suffrage as well as to direct and secret bal- lot; - considering that political parties shall contribute to creating and expressing the will of the peo- ple; - recognising that the nationalities living in Hungary shall be constituent parts of the State and shall have the right ensured by the Fundamental Law to take part in the work of Parliament; - guaranteeing furthermore that Hungarian citizens living beyond the borders of Hungary shall be a part of the political community; in order to enforce the Fundamental Law, pursuant to Article XXIII, Subsections (1), (4) and (6), and to Article 2, Subsections (1) and (2) of the Fundamental Law, hereby passes the following Act on the substantive rules for the elections of Hungary’s Members of Parliament: 1. Interpretive provisions Section 1 For the purposes of this Act: Residence: the residence defined by the Act on the Registration of the Personal Data and Resi- dence of Citizens; in the case of citizens without residence, their current addresses. -
54 Abod Aggtelek Ajak Alap Anarcs Andocs Apagy Apostag Arka
Bakonszeg Abod Anarcs Baks Andocs Baksa Aggtelek Apagy Balajt Ajak Apostag Alap Balaton Arka Balsa 54 Barcs Bokor Berkesz Boldogasszonyfa Berzence Basal Besence Boldva Beszterec Bonnya Battonya Biharkeresztes Biharnagybajom Borota Bihartorda Biharugra Bekecs Bikal Biri Bocskaikert Botykapeterd Belecska Bodony Beleg Bodroghalom Bucsa Benk Bodrogkisfalud Buj Bodrogolaszi Beret Bojt 55 Csipkerek Cece Csobaj Dombiratos Cered Csokonyavisonta Csaholc Csaroda Dabrony Damak Csehi Csehimindszent Darvas Csengele Csenger Csengersima Demecser Dunavecse Derecske Detek Ecseg Ecsegfalva Devecser Csernely Egeralja Doba Egerbocs Doboz Egercsehi 56 Egerfarmos Fegyvernek Egyek Encs Encsencs Gadna Endrefalva Enying Eperjeske Garadna Garbolc Fiad Fony Erk Gelej Gemzse Etes Furta Geszt Fancsal Farkaslyuk Gige 57 Hirics Golop Hedrehely Hobol Hegymeg Homrogd Hejce Hencida Hencse H Heresznye Ibafa Igar Gyugy Igrici Iharos Ilk Imola Inke Halmaj Heves Iregszemcse Hevesaranyos Irota Hangony Istenmezeje Hantos 58 Kamond Kamut Kelebia Kapoly Kemecse Kemse Kaposszerdahely Kenderes Kengyel Karancsalja Karancskeszi Kerta Kaba Karcag Karcsa Kevermes Karos Kisar Kaszaper Kisasszond Kisasszonyfa 59 Kisbajom Kisvaszar Kisberzseny Kisbeszterce Kisszekeres Kisdobsza Kocsord Kokad n Krasznokvajda Kunadacs Kishuta Kiskinizs Kunbaja Kuncsorba Kiskunmajsa Kunhegyes Kunmadaras Kompolt Kismarja Kupa Kispirit Kutas Kistelek Lad 60 Magyaregregy Lak Magyarhertelend Magyarhomorog Laskod Magyarkeszi Magyarlukafa Magyarmecske Magyartelek Makkoshotyka Levelek Liget Litka Merenye Litke -
Hungarian Influence Upon Romanian People and Language from the Beginnings Until the Sixteenth Century
SECTION: HISTORY LDMD I HUNGARIAN INFLUENCE UPON ROMANIAN PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE FROM THE BEGINNINGS UNTIL THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY PÁL Enikő, Assistant Professor, PhD, „Sapientia” University of Târgu-Mureş Abstract: In case of linguistic contacts the meeting of different cultures and mentalities which are actualized within and through language are inevitable. There are some common features that characterize all kinds of language contacts, but in describing specific situations we will take into account different causes, geographical conditions and particular socio-historical settings. The present research focuses on the peculiarities of Romanian – Hungarian contacts from the beginnings until the sixteenth century insisting on the consequences of Hungarian influence upon Romanian people and language. Hungarians induced, directly or indirectly, many social and cultural transformations in the Romanian society and, as expected, linguistic elements (e.g. specific terminologies) were borrowed altogether with these. In addition, Hungarian language influence may be found on each level of Romanian language (phonetic, lexical etc.), its contribution consists of enriching the Romanian language system with new elements and also of triggering and accelerating some internal tendencies. In the same time, bilingualism has been a social reality for many communities, mainly in Transylvania, which contributed to various linguistic changes of Romanian language not only in this region, but in other Romanian linguistic areas as well. Hungarian elements once taken over by bilinguals were passed on to monolinguals, determining the development of Romanian language. Keywords: language contact, (Hungarian) language influence, linguistic change, bilingualism, borrowings Preliminary considerations Language contacts are part of everyday social life for millions of people all around the world (G. -
Angol-Magyar Nyelvészeti Szakszótár
PORKOLÁB - FEKETE ANGOL- MAGYAR NYELVÉSZETI SZAKSZÓTÁR SZERZŐI KIADÁS, PÉCS 2021 Porkoláb Ádám - Fekete Tamás Angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótár Szerzői kiadás Pécs, 2021 Összeállították, szerkesztették és tördelték: Porkoláb Ádám Fekete Tamás Borítóterv: Porkoláb Ádám A tördelés LaTeX rendszer szerint, az Overleaf online tördelőrendszerével készült. A felhasznált sablon Vel ([email protected]) munkája. https://www.latextemplates.com/template/dictionary A szótárhoz nyújtott segítő szándékú megjegyzéseket, hibajelentéseket, javaslatokat, illetve felajánlásokat a szótár hagyományos, nyomdai úton történő előállítására vonatkozóan az [email protected] illetve a [email protected] e-mail címekre várjuk. Köszönjük szépen! 1. kiadás Szerzői, elektronikus kiadás ISBN 978-615-01-1075-2 El˝oszóaz els˝okiadáshoz Üdvözöljük az Olvasót! Magyar nyelven már az érdekl˝od˝oközönség hozzáférhet német–magyar, orosz–magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárakhoz, ám a modern id˝ok tudományos világnyelvéhez, az angolhoz még nem készült nyelvészeti célú szak- szótár. Ennek a több évtizedes hiánynak a leküzdésére vállalkoztunk. A nyelvtudo- mány rohamos fejl˝odéseés differenciálódása tovább sürgette, hogy elkészítsük az els˝omagyar-angol és angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárakat. Jelen kötetben a kétnyelv˝unyelvészeti szakszótárunk angol-magyar részét veheti kezébe az Olvasó. Tervünk azonban nem el˝odöknélküli vállalkozás: tudomásunk szerint két nyelvészeti csoport kísérelt meg a miénkhez hasonló angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárat létrehozni. Az els˝opróbálkozás -
Csanád Bodó. 2016. Nyelvi Ideológiák És Különbségek [Language Ideologies and Differences]
ACTA UNIV. SAPIENTIAE, PHILOLOGICA, 9, 3, (2017) 173–177 DOI: 10.1515/ausp-2017-0038 Csanád Bodó. 2016. Nyelvi ideológiák és különbségek [Language Ideologies and Differences]. Cluj-Napoca: Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities. Review by Noémi FAZAKAS Department of Applied Linguistics Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania [email protected] Over the past several decades, the study of language ideologies and attitudes towards languages has become increasingly popular in Hungarian sociolinguistic research. Several authors examine the issues of stereotypes, myths, and superstitions on language and language use, which exist in the collective consciousness of speakers of the Hungarian language about what correct language use is and what does not count as such. Csanád Bodó’s work entitled Language Ideologies and Differences attempts to carry out a somewhat different analysis: it discusses theoretical aspects of language ideologies in three sociolinguistic contexts, which he calls the “emblematic” areas of empirical studies. The author moves away from traditional sociolinguistic analyses towards the framework of critical sociolinguistics, in which language differences are seen as discursive projections of social inequalities that function as means to draw the boundaries of certain groups identifi ed as linguistically dissimilar. The book itself aims to be a critique of constructing and maintaining differences, and as such it is about “minorities”. The three contexts the author chooses to discuss are the Hungarian-speaking -
IV.22.) Önkormányzati Rendelethez
1/a. melléklet a 4/2020. (IV.22.) önkormányzati rendelethez Baranya megye településrendszere Megyei jogú város: Pécs Városok: Bóly, Harkány, Komló, Kozármisleny, Mágocs, Mohács, Pécsvárad, Sásd, Sellye, Siklós, Szentlőrinc, Szigetvár, Villány Nem városi rangú települések (járásonként): Bólyi járás Babarc, Belvárdgyula, Borjád, Hásságy, Kisbudmér, Liptód, Máriakéménd, Monyoród, Nagybudmér, Olasz, Pócsa, Szajk, Szederkény, Töttös, Versend Hegyháti járás Alsómocsolád, Ág, Bakóca, Baranyajenő, Baranyaszentgyörgy, Felsőegerszeg, Gerényes, Gödre, Kisbeszterce, Kishajmás, Kisvaszar, Mekényes, Meződ, Mindszentgodisa, Nagyhajmás, Palé, Szágy, Tarrós, Tékes, Tormás, Varga, Vásárosdombó, Vázsnok Komlói járás Bikal, Bodolyabér, Egyházaskozár, Hegyhátmaróc, Kárász, Köblény, Liget, Magyaregregy, Magyarhertelend, Magyarszék, Mánfa, Máza, Mecsekpölöske, Oroszló, Szalatnak, Szárász, Szászvár, Tófű, Vékény Mohácsi járás Bár, Bezedek, Dunaszekcső, Erdősmárok, Feked, Görcsönydoboka, Himesháza, Homorúd, Ivándárda, Kisnyárád, Kölked, Lánycsók, Lippó, Majs, Maráza, Nagynyárád, Palotabozsok, Sárok, Sátorhely, Somberek Szebény, Székelyszabar, Szűr, Udvar, Véménd Pécsi járás Abaliget, Aranyosgadány, Áta, Bakonya, Berkesd, Birján, Bogád, Bosta, Cserkút, Egerág, Ellend, Görcsöny, Gyód, Hosszúhetény, Husztót, Keszü, Kisherend, Kovácsszénája, Kökény, Kővágószőlős, Kővágótöttös, Lothárd, Magyarsarlós, Nagykozár, Orfű, Ócsárd, Pellérd, Pereked, Pécs, Pécsudvard, Pogány, Regenye, Romonya, Szalánta, Szemely, Szilágy, Szilvás, Szőke, Szőkéd Pécsváradi járás Apátvarasd, -
Fruzsina Sára Vargha – Domokos Vékás Classifications of Hungarian Dialects in Moldavia
Csanád Bodó – Fruzsina Sára Vargha – Domokos Vékás Classifications of Hungarian dialects in Moldavia 1. Introduction1 This paper is about the classifications of the Hungarian dialects as spoken in the Moldavian region of Romania. Four different approaches will be discussed: firstly, the traditional classification based on the isoglosses of selected linguistic features. In this framework dialects are demarcated by bundles of arbitrarily selected isoglosses. Secondly, it will be illustrated that dialect areas, broadly comparable to, but far more differentiated than those of the traditional approach, can be outlined with the help of dialectometry as a tool for measuring dialect distances between language varieties. Thirdly, results of dialectometry will be compared with the speakers’ beliefs on the geographical extent of their respective dialect area. The aim of this comparison is to validate the dialectometric method with subjective evaluation of linguistic similarity. Finally, the paper attempts to relate the former two approaches to speaker attitudes; these will be discussed concerning the aesthetic value of the Hungarian dialects in Moldavia. We carry out this analysis to see the interplay between objective measurements and subjective beliefs on linguistic similarity, as well as aesthetic factors influencing dialect identity in a highly heterogeneous language area. The article is organized as follows: after presenting the databases used for the analysis (Section 2), traditional approaches will be discussed in Section 3. Sections 4 and 5 focus on the main three approaches of this study for dialect categorization, i. e. dialectometry (Section 4), as well as subjective evaluation of linguistic similarity and aesthetic categorization of dialects. Section 6 then summarizes the results with regard to the Moldavian speakers’ Hungarian dialect identity. -
Teachers' Attitudes Towards Regional Dialects in Hungary
DIDACTICAE | Universitat de Barcelona | ISSN 2462-2737 | DOI: 10.1344/did.2020.8.59-77 MONOGRAPH Perspectives on the teaching of grammar: Curriculum, didactic proposals, and classroom practice TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS REGIONAL DIALECTS IN HUNGARY Received: 28/10/2019 | Reviewed: 16/02/2020 | Accepted: 25/05/2020 Andrea PARAPATICS University of Pannonia Institute of Hungarian and Applied Linguistics [email protected] Abstract: Hungarians, in general, are taught sociolinguistic content on the value of linguistic diversity and especially of regional varieties during their compulsory education. However, stereotypical misbeliefs on speakers of regional dialect remain, which along with standard based culture, seem to be behind the current debates based on prejudice or even the cause of linguistic discrimina- tion. The present study seeks an explanation of the problem by investigating teachers’ linguistic attitudes and practice related to , 59-77. the dialect background of their students. The main hypothesis to be tested in the study is that while, on the one hand, the National Curriculum promotes attitudes of tolerance, practice suggests that such attitudes are present only in theory and that prescriptive lessons on dialectal variety contribute prejudices in many speakers of the Hungarian community, even among youngsters. While students are taught to be proud of their regional dialects, insufficient information about dialectal variety leads to problems of acceptance, although the study of one’s own regional background could be an advantage for developing metalinguistic awareness. The study emphasizes that this ambivalence is rooted in the insufficiency of teacher training in Higher Education in connection Didacticae, 8 Didacticae, with language variability and in the lack of useful methodological support mechanism. -
Institutional Repository - Research Portal Dépôt Institutionnel - Portail De La Recherche
Institutional Repository - Research Portal Dépôt Institutionnel - Portail de la Recherche University of Namurresearchportal.unamur.be RESEARCH OUTPUTS / RÉSULTATS DE RECHERCHE Sociolinguistic bibliography of European countries 2007 Darquennes, Jeroen; Kaderka, Petr; Pärn, Hele; Zamora, Francisco; Sandoy, Helge; Borbély, Anna; Berruto, Gaetano; Kalediene, Laima; Druviete, Ina; Augusto, Maria Celeste; Bugarski, Ranko; Troschina, Natalia; Goebl, Hans; Pachev, Angel; Lüdi, Georges; Jorgensen, Jens Normann; Broermann, Marianne ; Selas, Magnhild; Razafimandimbimanana, Elatiana; Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise; Cheshire, Jenny; Raith, Joachim Author(s) - Auteur(s) : Publication date: 2009 Document Version PublicationPublisher's date PDF, - also Date known de aspublication Version of record : Link to publication Citation for pulished version (HARVARD): Darquennes, J, Kaderka, P, Pärn, H, Zamora, F, Sandoy, H, Borbély, A, Berruto, G, Kalediene, L, Druviete, I, Augusto, MC, Bugarski, R, Troschina, N, Goebl, H, Pachev, A, Lüdi, G, Jorgensen, JN, Broermann, M, Selas, M, PermanentRazafimandimbimanana, link - Permalien E, Gunnarsson, : B-L, Cheshire, J & Raith, J 2009, Sociolinguistic bibliography of European countries 2007: Soziolinguistische Bibliographie europäischer Länder für 2007. Niemeyer, Berlin. <https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/solin.2009.23.issue-1/issue-files/solin.2009.23.issue-1.xml> Rights / License - Licence de droit d’auteur : General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained -
A Rugalmasságot Növelő Helyi, Innovatív Kezdeményezések Támogatása Sellye Városában
A RUGALMASSÁGOT NÖVELŐ HELYI, INNOVATÍV KEZDEMÉNYEZÉSEK TÁMOGATÁSA SELLYE VÁROSÁBAN TÁMOP-2.4.5-12/3 2012. augusztus Sellye Tartalomjegyzék Tartalomjegyzék Tartalomjegyzék ......................................................................................................................... 2 Bevezető ..................................................................................................................................... 3 I. A szükségletfelmérés módszerei ............................................................................................. 4 A módszertanok alkalmazásához kapcsolódó folyamatábra:................................. 10 II. Helyzetelemzés a célcsoportokról ....................................................................................... 11 III. A projekt megvalósulásának külső és belső környezete .................................................... 18 IV. Általános és konkrét célok megfogalmazása ..................................................................... 37 V. A projekt szakmai tartalma .................................................................................................. 42 Szervezetfejlesztés lépései a projekt során: ...................................................... 43 A megvalósítás kockázatai és kezelésük .............................................................. 47 A szakmai megvalósítás ütemezésének bemutatása és a GANTT- diagram ......................................................................................................................... 48 VI. A -
On Hungarian Morphology Andr ´As Kornai
ON HUNGARIAN MORPHOLOGY ANDRAS´ KORNAI Abstract The aim of this study is to provide an autosegmental description of Hungarian morphology. Chap- ter 1 sketches the (meta)theoretical background and summarizes the main argument. In Chapter 2 phonological prerequisites to morphological analysis are discussed. Special attention is paid to Hungarian vowel harmony. In Chapter 3 a universal theory of lexical categories is proposed, and the category system of Hungarian is described within it. The final chapter presents a detailed descrip- tion of nominal and verbal inflection in Hungarian, and describes the main features of a computer implementation based on the analyses provided here. 1 0. Preface 3 1. Introduction 5 1.1 The methods of the investigation 6 1.2 Summary of new results 8 1.3 Vowel harmony 9 1.4 Summary of conclusions 12 2. Phonology 14 2.1 The feature system: vowels 14 2.2 Consonants 23 2.3 Vowel harmony 29 2.4 Syllable structure 47 2.5 Postlexical rules 53 2.6 Appendix 57 3. Words and paradigms 67 3.1 Some definitions 67 3.2 The lexical categories of Hungarian 76 4. Inflectional morphology 81 4.1 Conjugation 81 4.2 Declension 106 4.3 Implementation 116 4.4 Conclusion 147 5. Bibliography 149 2 0 Preface This thesis was written in 1984-1986 – the first publicly circulated version (Version 1.4) was defended at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) Institute of Linguistics in September 1986. An extended Version 2 was submitted to the HAS Scientific Qualifications Committee in August 1988, and was formally defended in September 1989. -
Hungarian Studies 34 (2020) 1, 85–97 DOI: 10.1556/044.2020.00008
Hungarian Studies 34 (2020) 1, 85–97 DOI: 10.1556/044.2020.00008 The present and future of Hungarian regional dialects in Slovakia Anna Sandorp Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Received: August 18, 2020 • Accepted: September 29, 2020 Published online: March 3, 2021 © 2020 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest ABSTRACT This paper focuses on characterizing the present day situation of Slovakia Hungarian dialects and on outlining strategy for the future based on the status quo. After a brief overview of the dialect regions and their subregions, the present situation of Slovakia Hungarian dialects is described. The situation of the dialects is dependent on their linguistic features, their distance from the standard, as well as on extralin- guistic (demographic, geographic, social, economic, educational, cultural, and settlements structural) fac- tors. The present situation of the Slovakia Hungarian dialects is discussed, along with their changes, functions, and attitudes attached to them. The paper concludes that the differences are greater between the Slovakia Hungarian vs. Hungary Hungarian dialects than among the various Slovakia Hungarian dialects. KEYWORDS Hungarian dialects in Slovakia, changes, functions, attitudes Regarding one of the topics indicated in the title, the present of Hungarian regional dialects in Slovakia, it is safe to say that it is in many respects similar to that of the dialects of other regions, including the dialects in and outside Hungary, but that it also differs from it. As is well known, the situation of Slovakia Hungarian dialects differs more from that of Hungarian dialects in Hungary and less from that of minority Hungarian dialects elsewhere.