DOCSLIB.ORG

Well-To-Wheel Analysis of Future Trains and Fuels Colofon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Well-To-Wheel Analysis of Future Trains and Fuels Colofon Well-to-wheel analysis of future trains and fuels Colofon Client This report is prepared on request of the Province of Groningen, The Netherlands. Goal of study This study aims to provide an objective comparison of the sustainability performance of future powertrain and fuel technologies for passenger rail transport. The context for the study is taken to be the Northern Netherlands with a 2020 – 2025 timeline. Contact persons The following persons have contributed to the data and information of the report: Frank Bouma, project leader sustainable public transport, Province of Groningen Aljo Solle, project leader train, Arriva Research team. The following persons have contributed to the report: Age van der Mei is working as chief scientist and director at the Duinn office in the Netherlands Vincent van Assen is working as analyst/researcher at the Duinn office in the Netherlands Feel free to contact the authors for questions or feedback via [email protected] Status. Final version 1.0.7. Confidentiality. At this stage this presentation is confidential and can only be shared or reproduced with Duinn consent. The content of this presentation remains with the authors. Timeline. The research has been performed between November 2013 and April 2014. Disclaimer. The verbal additions and explanations given during the sessions and presentations are part of the results. The figures in this report are based upon verified data, documented sources or author estimates. © Duinn 2014. All rights reserved. Information from this report can be used if sourced and referred to as Duinn, Well-to-wheel analysis of future trains and fuels in the Dutch context, version 1.0, 2014. 1 WTW analysis of future trains and fuels report version 1.0 Duinn April 2014 Index Key definitions 3 Introduction 4 Method and scope 5 Main findings 12 Powertrain technology : tank-to-wheel analysis Diesel-electric and dual-fuel 14 Diesel-hybrid and gas-hybrid 15 Pure-electric 16 Catenary-diesel 17 Findings TTW energy use 18 Findings TTW greenhouse gas emissions 19 Fuels and energy carriers : well-to-tank analysis WTT efficiency of energy carriers 21 WTT GHG-emission of energy carriers 22 Diesel from crude oil 24 Biodiesel from rapeseed and waste oils 25 GTL from natural gas and BTL from wood 26 CNG 27 LNG 28 Biogas from manure, waste and maize 29 BioLNG from waste 30 Electricity from coal and natural gas and renewable electricity from wind 31 EU and NL electricity mix 32 Renewable energy share of energy carriers 33 Future trains and fuels : well-to-wheel results 35 Discussion of results 37 Appendices 1. Definitions 39 2. Train operation in the Northern Netherlands 40 3. Power curve Northern Netherlands driving cycle 41 4. Acceleration curves of the Stadler GTW EMU and DMU 42 5. Duinn publication on catenary-diesel trains January 2013 43 6. Well-to-wheel findings including natural gas from the Netherlands 44 2 WTW analysis of future trains and fuels report version 1.0 Duinn April 2014 Key definitions AC means alternating current energy efficiency means the ratio of output of pathway means a route, formed by a chain [Oxford performance, service, goods or energy, to input of energy Dictionary 2013] an "energy pathway" means in this study a biomass means the biodegradable fraction of products, [2012/27/EU] chain from source to end-use of an energy carrier waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and extraction includes all operations required to extract, capture powertrain means the system of energy storage device(s), related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as or cultivate the primary energy source. In most cases, the energy converter(s) and transmission(s) that converts stored well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and extracted or harvested energy carrier requires some form of energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for municipal waste [2009/28/EC] treatment or conditioning before it can be transported propulsion of the vehicle [UN ECE R 101] conveniently, economically and safely [JEC 2007] catenary-diesel powertrain means in this study a powertrain pure-electric vehicle means a vehicle powered by an electric that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy gas-hybrid vehicle means a hybrid-electric vehicle powered powertrain only [UN ECE R 101] from both of the following: by a spark ignition engine in which the consumable fuel is a — an on-board diesel engine using a consumable fuel, gas which consists predominantly of methane. renewable energy share means the primary renewable — an off-board electricity supply (i.e. catenary system). energy use as proportion of the total primary energy use. greenhouse gases (GHG) means those gaseous constituents compression ignition means the process in which the fuel in of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that spark ignition means a process in which the air-fuel mixture a diesel engine is ignited by compression in the cylinder absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the in an Otto engine is ignited by a spark plug [Volvo 2007] [Volvo 2007] spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere and clouds. This property causes the tank-to-wheel means an accounting of the energy DC means direct current greenhouse effect. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), consumption and GHG emissions resulting from moving a nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ozone (O3) are the vehicle (through its drive-cycle) [GM 2002] diesel-hybrid vehicle means a hybrid-electric vehicle primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere [IPCC powered by a compression ignition engine. 2013]. well-to-tank means an accounting of energy consumption and GHG emissions over an entire fuel pathway, from primary distribution relates to the final stages required to distribute hybrid-electric vehicle means a hybrid vehicle that, for the resource to delivery of the fuel to the vehicle [GM 2002] the finished fuels from the point of import or production to purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the individual refuelling points (e.g. road transport) and the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/power: well-to-wheel means an accounting of well-to-tank and tank- available to the vehicle tank (e.g. compression in the case of — a consumable fuel, to-wheel energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. natural gas) [JEC 2007] — an electrical energy/power storage device (e.g. battery, capacitor, flywheel/generator, etc.) [2007/46/EC] driving cycle means a sequence consisting of an engine start, an operating period (of the vehicle), an engine shut- off, and the time until the next engine start [582/2011/EC] 3 WTW analysis of future trains and fuels report version 1.0 Duinn April 2014 Introduction Rail transport in Europe uses 306 petajoule in energy of which ~80% is electricity and ~20% diesel. Most of the diesel is used in cargo and regional passenger trains. Can new powertrain and fuel technologies contribute to more energy efficient and sustainable regional rail passenger transport? EU rail transport decreases its energy use… …in the Netherlands a stabilisation after the crisis… …the Northern Netherlands use 250 – 300 terajoule diesel. • European railway passenger transport reached • Dutch railway passenger transport reached 16 000 • In the Northern Netherlands, Groningen and Fryslân, the 390 000 mln passenger kilometres in 2007 [EU27, mln passenger kilometres in 2007 and 18 000 mln railway passenger kilometres amount to approximately 316 EUROSTAT, 2014]. passenger kilometres in 2009 according to [Eurostat, mln kilometre [Arriva 2013]. • EU rail energy use amounted to 7 319 kton oil CBS, ministerie V&W, 2013]. • An estimated 8.5 mln train kilometres we’re produced in the equivalent or 306 petajoule (2011) [Eurostat • Dutch railway energy use is low at only 0.95% Northern Netherlands according to [Arriva 2013; Province of 2014] or roughly 2% of total EU energy use in compared to the EU27 average. Groningen 2013] requiring 250 – 300 terajoule energy use in transport. • Rail energy use amounted to a growing 1.1 – 1.4 diesel fuel (tank-to-wheel). • Rail energy use is correlated with economic petajoule diesel [CBS, CLO, 2013] and 1.2 TWh • The current direct tank-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions output (see below chart). electricity [NS, 2013]. are estimated to be 18 – 22 mln ton CO2 equivalent. • Electricity provided most of the rail energy use at • For regional rail passenger transport, the diesel fuel Main question: can new powertrain and fuel technologies approximately 79%. Diesel provided most of the use was 18 – 23 mln litre diesel in 2012 in the contribute to more sustainable performance of regional rail remainder. Netherlands [CBS, Arriva, Veolia, Syntens, 2013] passenger transport? Transport energy use and GDP developments correlated Index 2002 = 100 [Eurostat 2014] 130 EU27 Rail energy use in EU27 Rail energy use in The Netherlands Netherlands energy use in terajoule [EurostatEU27, 2014] energy use in terajouleNetherlands[Eurostat, 2014] 125 Germany 10 400 Sweden petajoule 120 petajoule United Kingdom 350 8 EU27 GDP 115 300 Transport EU27 energy use 6 110 250 The Netherlands 200 105 4 150 100 100 2 95 50 0 0 90 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 4 WTW analysis of future trains and fuels report version 1.0 Duinn April 2014 Method and scope Energy-efficiency, renewability and greenhouse gas emissions provide a basis for assessing the sustainability performance of trains. Comparing future train technologies and fuels requires a thorough assessment of availability, reliability, safety, affordability, social acceptability and sustainability. This report does not aim so broadly, but focuses on energy-efficiency, renewability and greenhouse gas performance to assess the sustainability performance of a number of technologies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rolling Stock Orders: Who
    THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE HEADLINES l Toronto’s streetcar advocates fight back l UK’s Midland Metro expansion approved l Democrats propose more US light rail ROLLING STOCK ORDERS: WHO... WHAT... HOW MUCH? Ukrainian tramways under the microscope US streetcar trends: Mixed fleets: How technology Lessons from is helping change over a century 75 America’s attitude of experience to urban rail in Budapest APRIL 2012 No. 892 1937–2012 WWW. LRTA . ORG l WWW. TRAMNEWS . NET £3.80 TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 28/2/12 09:20:59 TAUT_April12_UITPad.indd 1 28/2/12 12:38:16 Contents The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association 128 News 132 APRIL 2012 Vol. 75 No. 892 Toronto light rail supporters fight back; Final approval for www.tramnews.net Midland Metro expansion; Obama’s budget detailed. EDITORIAL Editor: Simon Johnston 132 Rolling stock orders: Boom before bust? Tel: +44 (0)1832 281131 E-mail: [email protected] With packed order books for the big manufacturers over Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. the next five years, smaller players are increasing their Associate Editor: Tony Streeter market share. Michael Taplin reports. E-mail: [email protected] 135 Ukraine’s road to Euro 2012 Worldwide Editor: Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. Mike Russell reports on tramway developments and 135 E-mail: [email protected] operations in this former Soviet country. News Editor: John Symons 140 The new environment for streetcars 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • ČESKÉ VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V PRAZE Bc. Tomáš Červenka
    ČESKÉ VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V PRAZE Fakulta strojní Ústav automobilů, spalovacích motorů a kolejových vozidel Návrh uložení dieselagregátu Cummins QSK38 do strojovny článku jednotky GTW+ Russland Design Bearing Frame for fixing of Cummins QSK38 Diesel Generator in Engine Room Unit GTW+ Russland Diplomová práce Studijní program: N 2301 Strojní inženýrství Studijní obor: 2301T047 Dopravní, letadlová a transportní technika Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Josef Kolář, CSc. Bc. Tomáš Červenka Praha, 2015 Abstrakt Rešerše na způsoby řešení strojovny lehkých kolejových vozidel. Hmotností bilance trakčního modulu GTW+ Russland a uspořádání jednotky DPM DMU 001. Návrh uložení dieselagregátu Cummins QSK38, který obsahuje návrh a analýzu silových účinků působících na nosný rám a hrubou stavbu skříně dle ČSN 12 663-1. Koncepční návrh rámu spojujícího motor a generátor. Základní návrh svislého vypružení modulu. Analýza vlastních frekvencí a vlastních tvarů kmitu trakčního modulu. Návrh výpočtu šroubových spojů upevňujících silentbloky na hlavní rám dle VDI 2230. Klíčová slova Lehká kolejová vozidla, strojovna, silová analýza, silentbloky, třímomentová věta, ČSN EN 12 663-1, nosný rám, návrh vypružení, dynamický model, vlastní frekvence, vlastní tvary kmitu, šroubový spoj, VDI 2230. Abstract Searches for ways of solving the engine room by light rail vehicles. Mass balance of traction unit GTW+ Russland and configuration of unit DPM DMU 001. Design of bearing of the dieselgenerator Cummins QSK38, which include design and analysis of force effects, affecting bearing frame and structural body according to ČSN EN 12 663- 1. Conceptual design of the frame connecting the engine and the generator. Basic design of vertical suspension of traction unit. Analysis of eigen frequency and eigen figure cycle of traction unit.
    [Show full text]
  • GTW DMU 2/8 Low-Floor for Connexxion/SAN, Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen
    GTW DMU 2/8 low-floor for Connexxion/SAN, Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen Based on the diesel articulated railcars for regional rail service in the provinces of Groningen and Friesland, Stadler developed a new genera- Stadler Polska Sp. z o.o. ul. Targowa 50 tion of GTW DMU for Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen. The trains are PL-08-110 Siedlce, Poland Phone +48 25 746 20 00 equipped with economic diesel engines (Stage 3b). Remarkable is the Fax +48 25 746 20 01 [email protected] excellent comfort with air-suspension, 2&2 seating arrangement and extra wide seat pitch. WLAN, passenger counting system and a new Stadler Bussnang AG Ernst-Stadler-Strasse 4 ethernet based passenger information system with TFT-screens is CH-9565 Bussnang, Switzerland Phone +41 (0)71 626 20 20 installed. STADLER GTW DMU fulfil the requirements of TSI PRM Fax +41 (0)71 626 20 21 [email protected] and the norms of energy absorption in case of a collision. Companies of Stadler Rail Group With the 4th generation of GTW DMU, Stadler presents an approved, Ernst-Stadler-Strasse 1 CH-9565 Bussnang, Switzerland modern and economic railcar for an excellent service in public transport. Phone +41 (0)71 626 21 20 Fax +41 (0)71 626 21 28 [email protected] www.stadlerrail.com Technical features Vehicle Data GTW 2/8 • Bright, friendly interior with large windows and spacious Customer Connexxion/SAN multipurpose area. Low floor section >75%. Lines operated Arnhem–Doetinchem • Extra wide seat pitch Gauge 1.435 mm • Interior and exterior design according to TSI PRM Axle arrangement 2'2'Bo'2' • Air-conditioned passenger and driver compartments Number of vehicles 9 Service start-up 2012 • Prepared for installation of closed toilet system Seating capacity 2.
    [Show full text]
  • OASIS Rail Corridor PID No
    OASIS Rail Conceptual Alternative Solutions HAM/CLE – OASIS Rail Corridor PID No. 86463 Prepared For: Ohio Department of Transportation District 8 505 S. State Route 741 Lebanon, Ohio 45036 Prepared By: 9987 Carver Road, Suite 200 Cincinnati, Ohio 45242 513-984-7500 February 8, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 1 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction/Background .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2 The OASIS Rail Corridor ................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Segments ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Segment 1 ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Segment 2 ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Segment 3 and 4 .................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.4 Summary of Recommendations Moving Forward ............................................................... 13 2.4 Purpose
    [Show full text]
  • New Passenger Rolling Stock in Poland
    Technology Jan Raczyński, Marek Graff New passenger rolling stock in Poland Rail passenger transport in Poland has been bad luck over 20 years. these investments as a result of delays caused trouble in operation Their decline was caused by insuffi cient investment both passen- and the lack of opportunities to improve the services off ered. ger rolling stock and rail infrastructure. As a result, railway off er has The best economic condition (relative high stability) are observed become uncompetitive in relation to road transport to the extent for two operators in the Warsaw region: Mazovia Railways (Koleje that part of the railway sector fell to 4%. Last years, mainly thanks Mazowieckie – commuter traffi c) and Warsaw Agglomeration Rail- to EU aid founds, condition of railway in Poland has changed for way (Szybka Kolej Miejska SKM – suburban and agglomeration traf- the better. In details, modernization of railway lines have begun, fi c) record annual growth of passengers after a few percent. They new modern rolling stock have been purchased, which can im- also carry out ambitious investment programs in purchases of new prove the rail travel quality. However, average age of the fl eet has rolling stock and Mazovia Railways also thorough modernization of already begun closer to 30 years. its fl eet. SKM is based in mostly on new rolling stock purchased in recent years and still planning new purchases. Passenger rail market Passenger transport market in Poland almost entirely is the sub- It is observed a stabilization in passengers numbers in Poland car- ject of contracts Public Service Contract (PSC) of operators with ried by railway for 10 years.
    [Show full text]
  • North I-25 Eis Commuter Rail Update Appendices May, 2015
    NORTH I-25 EIS COMMUTER RAIL UPDATE APPENDICES MAY, 2015 Appendix A Stakeholder One-on-One Interviews North I‐25 EIS Commuter Rail Update Study Summary of One‐on‐One Stakeholder Meetings August 21 – October 21, 2014 This study is led by the Colorado Department of Transportation and is comprised of updating commuter rail component of the North I‐25 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The goals of this North I‐25 EIS study are to update three items of the commuter rail element in the document. Capital costs will be updated to reflect 2014 dollars and FTA/FRA standard cost categories. The Operational Plan will be updated based on identified changes, compared to prior assumptions/findings, for track, intersections, and right‐of‐way (ROW). A new corridor wide ROW analysis. This study will not be re‐opening the project alternatives and intends on keeping the preferred commuter rail alternative mentioned above. The following are not included in the scope of the study: Create an implementation plan and implementation schedule, Provide travel forecasting, Estimate ridership, Provide a financial analysis, or Hold formal public meetings. New funding sources will be needed to create an implementation plan and a financial plan. During the 2009 EIS, there were many projects that were assumed to be carried through. Some of these projects have been completed, others have been invalidated. Since the completion of the 2009 EIS, the following conditions/assumptions have changed that will affect this current study: The Colorado Rail Relocation Study looked at the possibility of the State of Colorado acquiring the existing BNSF track along U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tours-On-Tracks.Pdf
    tours on tracks 1. Peloponnese tour (4 days) Since 2012 TRAINOSE, the Greek railway operator, has been actively involved in the development of rail tours aiming at highlighting the natural beauties of Greece and the unique sceneries a traveler experiences aboard our trains. Passengers have the opportunity of visiting places like the archaeological site of Olympia, the old city of Kiparissia, the archaeological site of Ancient Messene, the modern city of Kalamata, but also Nafplion, first capital of Greece in the 19th century, the Prehistoric Acropolis of Mycenae and numerous other places. In the Peloponnese we organize tours - on a demand basis - with modern rolling stock (RailBus), as well as with other types of rolling stock, such as Diesel ALCO, Vulcan, Ganz Mavag Rail cars etc. Prices depend on the type of rolling stock the customer prefers and the stations/towns the train calls. Day 1 Corinth – Nafplion Day 2 Nafplion – Kalamata Day 3 Kalamata – Olympia Day 4 Olympia – Patras (Athens) Rolling Stock Option 1: Double traction ALCO locomotives with 4 passenger carriages Romanian and Germany carriages built in 1967 American locomotive built in 1964 Option 2: Stadler GTW 4/6 (Rail bus) Option 3: Steam locomotive (Scheduled Fall 2014) Option 5: Ganz Mavag trainset Option 4: De Dietrich trainset (On demand) Day trips for cruise passengers and 2. conference attendees Origin Katakolo: Visit the site of the first Olympic Games at ancient Olympia. Step back in time at the ancient gymnasium and marvel at the beauty of Hermes (Train scheduled duration: 1:40’ roundtrip). Rolling Stock: Stadler rail bus Origin Patra: Scheduled trip from Diakopto to Zachlorou with Billard or DeCauville trainset (‘60s rolling stock) & Cail steam locomotve from Zachlo- rou to Kalavryta (built in 1891).
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin 24-HOUR-A-DAY NEW YORK CITY SUBWAY SERVICE Published by the Electric Railroaders’ DISCONTINUED Association, Inc
    ERA BULLETIN — JUNE, 2020 The Bulletin Electric Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated Vol. 63, No. 6 June, 2020 The Bulletin 24-HOUR-A-DAY NEW YORK CITY SUBWAY SERVICE Published by the Electric Railroaders’ DISCONTINUED Association, Inc. P. O. Box 3323 In an unprecedented move, New York Gov- substitute bus services cannot be provided, Grand Central Station ernor Andrew M. Cuomo ordered the end of riders will have the ability to hail a “for hire New York, NY 10163 24-hour, 7-day-a-week service on the New car” at the MTA’s expense under the For general inquiries, York City subway system with a daily shut- “Essential Connector” program. MTA Bus and or Bulletin submissions, contact us at down of the entire system between 1 and 5 NYCT added 1,168 additional bus trips (76% bulletin@erausa. org AM beginning at 1 AM Wednesday, May 6. A increase) and 344 buses on top of the 235 or on our website at long-standing tradition since its opening day buses that normally operate during this time erausa. org/contact in October, 1904, New York City’s subway period (150% increase in the scheduled Editorial Staff: was one of the rare systems that never shut overnight operating fleet). Metro-North and Jeff Erlitz down overnight. Unfortunately, such an oper- LIRR cross-honor subway fare riders on their Editor-in-Chief ation severely hampers, if not makes it im- trains, although Metro-North services end possible, to perform any kind of thorough around 2 AM as well. Ron Yee Tri-State News and cleaning and now urgently-needed daily sani- As this issue goes to press, it appears that Commuter Rail Editor tizing of the subway train fleet as well as its the overnight shutdowns have been a suc- Alexander Ivanoff stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Musterdeckblatt Für Abschlussarbeiten
    Musterdeckblatt für Abschlussarbeiten Masterarbeit Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Master of Science. Sector Coupling Potential of Wind-based Hydrogen Production and Fuel Cell Train Operation in Regional Rail Transport in Berlin and Brandenburg. eingereicht von: Sebastian Herwartz Gutachter/innen: Prof. Dr. Tobia Lakes Dr.-Ing. Stephan Schmid Eingereicht am Geographischen Institut der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin am: 14.10.2019 2 Word Template by Friedman & Morgan 2014 & Morgan Friedman by Word Template SECTOR COUPLING POTENTIAL OF WIND-BASED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND FUEL CELL TRAIN OPERATION IN REGIONAL RAIL TRANSPORT IN BERLIN AND BRANDENBURG Sebastian Herwartz Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Geographisches Institut Angewandte Geoinformationsverarbeitung And Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte Masterthesis October 2019 3 i ABSTRACT In recent years, the concept of decarbonizing the transport sector using wind-based hydrogen as a means of sector-coupling has been widely discussed. In Germany, after 2020, wind park operators will gradually cease to receive subsidies for a large share of the installed onshore wind power, as funding is limited to 20 years. For many windmills it is unclear, whether a profitable operation without funding is possible. Furthermore, the remaining diesel operated rail passenger service is ought to be largely decarbonized. Since track-side electrification is expensive and associated with complex and time-consuming approval procedures, using fuel-cell powered trains could be a viable alternative. Whether it is possible to use energy from track-adjacent aged windmills to provide hydrogen for these trains is currently in discussion. In this study I assess the regional potential of on-site wind-based hydrogen as a substitute to diesel in regional rail transport using a GIS approach in conjunction with a site-level cost model.
    [Show full text]
  • Be Careful to Read the Respective Modder´S Notes for Each Download to Make Sure That You Have Everything You Need!
    Multiple units by country Be careful to read the respective modder´s notes for each download to make sure that You have everything You need! Austria: Electric: ÖBB Railjet by Akamas, A complete ÖBB Railjet train. ÖBB 4020 by Wiener, a commutertrain built ca 1978-1987 which is used on regional routes and the Vienna S-bahn system. Czech Republic: Electric: Stadler Flirt LEO Express by Bastargre, The Stadler Flirt in the colours of Czech operator LEO Express. Finland: Electric: Stadler Flirt Junakalusto oy by Bastargre, a Finnish version of the Flirt EMU. France: Electric: TGV - Atlantique by The Quiet Dutchman, A variant of the Trainfever TGV train. TGV Thalys PBA by dubrowsky, A Thalys version of the TGV trainset. TGV La Poste by dubrowsky, A La Poste (French Postal services) variant of the TGV used for transporting mail between Paris and Lyon. Germany (including the GDR): Diesel: BR 270 Musterzug (Berliner S-Bahn) by Jan, three variations of an S-bahn commutertrain used in the Berlin area. BR 472/473 by EISFEUER, BR 472/473 commutertrain used in the Hamburg area. BR 480 "Toaster" - S-Bahn Berlin by Revyn112, four variations of an S-bahn commutertrain used in the Berlin area. DB BR 485 (Berliner S-Bahn) by Jan, another four variations of the S-Bahn trains from Berlin. BR 601 bzw. VT 11.5 (Trans Europ Express) by fred1690The Iconic DB VT11.5 used on the international Trans Europe Express services. DB BR 602 TEE by fred1690, The Intercity version of the VT11.5 trains used ca 1970-1979.
    [Show full text]
  • Ausschreibungswettbewerb Im Europäischen SPNV – Was Kann Österreich Aus Den Erfahrungen Von Ausschreibungen in Europa Lernen?
    ZentrumENTRUM TransportwirtschaftRANSPORTWIRTSCHAFT LogistikOGISTIK Schulungs- & Beratungs-GmbH. Schulungs- & Beratungs-GmbH Endbericht Ausschreibungswettbewerb im europäischen SPNV – Was kann Österreich aus den Erfahrungen von Ausschreibungen in Europa lernen? Autoren Sebastian Kummer Peter Faller Mario Dobrovnik Gerd Probst Jakob Kunze Didier van de Velde Steven van Luyn Wien, 6. Februar 2013 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einführung ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Problemstellung ............................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Forschungsauftrag, -frage und Zielsetzung ..................................................................... 6 2 Methode und Vorgehensweise ................................................................................................. 6 3 State of the Art ........................................................................................................................ 12 4 Länderbericht Dänemark ........................................................................................................ 15 4.1 Abstract in Modulstruktur ............................................................................................... 15 4.2 Strategische Grundsatzentscheidungen ........................................................................ 18 4.3 Case Study: West- und Zentraljütland ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pilot Implementation Railway Line Dresden-Wroclaw
    REALIZATION IMPROVED PASSENGER TRANSPORT PilotTO implementation TEN-T NODES Progress report Railway line Dresden-Wroclaw 05 2018 D.T2.3.4 Page 1 This report was developed by Contact: Bahnhofstraße 36 65185 Wiesbaden Page 2 Table of content 1. Situation of the rail axis Dresden – Wroclaw ....................................................................... 4 1.1. A short history ......................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1. Before 1989 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2. Development since 1990 .......................................................................................... 4 1.2. Regional planning significance ...................................................................................... 5 1.3. Technical view on the line .......................................................................................... 6 1.3.1. Infrastructural conditions ......................................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Line capacity ......................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3. Operational programme and timetable ........................................................................ 7 1.3.4. Development of number of passengers ........................................................................ 8 1.3.5. Rolling Stock ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]