Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule IN N DD EXX Chapter Title Contents Page No. I Introduction • District introduction. 2 • Methodology adopted 2 II General • General maps ­ description of • Location and geographical units 9 the district • Demographic profile 10 • Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics. 11 • Land use pattern and land holdings 14 • Irrigation and ground water. 16 • District income. 16 • Intra­district growth differentials. 18 • The vision 19 III SWOT • SWOT analysis. 20 analysis of the • Issues emerged from the exercise. 21 district • Sectoral / Regional growth drivers of the district. 23 IV Development • Introduction. 27 of Agriculture • Land use pattern. 28 sector • Soil health. 29 • Major crops and varieties in the district. 31 • Input management. 33 • Water resources and Management 36 • Farm mechanization / farm equipments. 38 • Special programs ongoing in the district. 40 • Constraint analysis. 45 • Recommended interventions with action plan and 48 expected outcomes. • Researchable issue 55 V Allied • Introduction. 58 Agriculture • Horticulture development.. 58 sector • Animal husbandry. 58 • Fisheries development. 59 • Watershed development. 60 • Social forestry development. 60 • Agro based rural development programs. 60 • Food processing units. 61 • Development of rural industries. 61 • Agriculture marketing. 61 • Agriculture credit. 64 • Special programs ongoing in the district. 65 • Constraint analysis.( Allied sector) 66 • Interventions recommended and expected 68 outcomes . ( Allied sector) VI District plan • Strategy for achieving XI five year plan. 70 • Policy support required for CDAP 70 • Target for production and productivity for XI plan Annex­I • Budget required in the existing and new schemes Annex­II under XI five year plan • Table 1 to 78 (NDC formats) Annex­III

1 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In order to decentralize Agricultural planning in the country, the Planning Commission, Government of India, has launched Pilot Project in the selected districts to reorient Agricultural Planning at the district level to address agricultural productivity, livelihood issues and 'Participatory Planning' through convergence strategies in the districts spread across varying agro­climatic regions.

A preliminary interface on the subject was organized on 13t h and 14t h September 2007 by the Planning Commission at Yashada, Pune (M.S) for the western region comprised of four states viz. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. The purpose was to accelerate the process of preparation of district agricultural plans keeping in view the priorities emerging at the district level through participatory grassroots level planning .

Dhule dist is selected as one of the pilot districts for preparation of Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan. Action for Food Production ( AFPRO ) has been given the responsibility of facilitating agency for decentralized Comprehensive Agricultural plan preparation in Dhule district of Maharashtra.

District Agriculture plan is developed by combined efforts of Department of Agriculture, Mahatma Phule Agril. University (MPAU), Rahuri, Departments of Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Dairy Development, Sericulture, Forestry and Technical Support Institute, Action for Food Production (AFPRO).

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

1) Orientation meeting at district level:

The First Orientation meeting on CDAP was called by the District Collector for all concerned HODs and officials departments on 18 th September 2007 at the College of Agriculture, Dhule. This was mainly to draw a broad framework for preparing the district level agriculture plan for the Eleventh Five Year plan where AFPRO also participated as a facilitating Agency.

During the meeting AFPRO officials made a presentation about the organization and the role to be performed as a facilitating agency. A brief note on the proposed strategy / steps to be followed for evolving the plan was also circulated and discussed in context of the district Dhule. Agricultural Scientists of various faculty interpreted the baseline for the preparation of CDAP, based on the reflection of the participants. Tentative activity plan was prepared.

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2) Formation of small groups and developing the vision:

Based on the activity plan, the first step followed was to set vision and objectives of the district Agricultural plan at the district level. To perform this, sector­wise 10 small study groups were formed . Horticulture, Cereals, Pulses, Cash crop and Vegetables, Oilseeds, Food and fruit processing, Crop Credit, Watershed development , Livestock, Dairy, Fisheries and Marketing.

These groups discussed and reflected on the critical issues and found out the production gaps in the sector. AFPRO facilitated the process and participated during the Group Presentations. The Outcome of small sector wise groups was presented before the District Collector, Agriculture Scientists of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapith, Rahuri and Zilha Parishad elected representatives for their suggestions. This process helped to have a common understanding on the planning and the target to be achieved. The constraints in the Crop Productivity and probable intervention were discussed as an outcome of these events. This is reflected in the CDAP Report.

3) Conducting participatory need assessment exercise:

After setting the District Vision the next step was to know the community perception and to involve them in CDAP process. Hence Participatory Need Assessment Exercises were conducted in 9 villages of three Agro Ecological Zones located in 4 blocks jointly by Department of Agriculture and AFPRO. The Villages were selected in consultation with Agriculture Department. The exercises were carried during 2n d Fortnight of November 07 till first fortnight of December 07 extensively.The dist & taluka committee member & ATMA were also participated in need assessment exercise .

Process Adopted for Conducting Participatory Need Assessment Exercises in Villages:

The methodology adopted for the study involved both primary and the secondary data collection. For collection of primary data, following participatory process was adopted in each sample village. In each village two days exercise was conducted. During the two days following activities were carried out. i. Orientation Meeting:

In each village orientation meeting was held with the villagers where the purpose of Participatory Need Assessment Exercise was explained in detail. It was shared with community to understand that the District Agriculture Planning process has been initiated in the District and Dhule is selected as one of Pilot District out of 54 districts in the India for preparation of Comprehensive

District Agriculture Plan. Orientation meeting in progress at Village Vinchur , Block Dhule

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The plan should be focused on increasing an agricultural growth targeted at 4 percent per annum during the plan period. As well as it would ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of the District for fetching maximum returns to the farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.

The main objective of the exercise is to facilitate development of Farmer Centric Need Based Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (CDAP) for Dhule District by following Participatory approaches. It was also shared that district Agriculture Officials has developed the vision and identified the prioritized needs for Agriculture plans. This exercise would help to identify the actual needs of the people, key constraints and the probable s solutions for improvement of the identified crops, cropping system and overall livelihood enhancement of the community.

For the Participatory Exercises it was requested that villagers should take active part as well as spare their time for explaining their emerging issues tendering suggestions for increasing the agriculture production as well as options for maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors ii) Focused Group Discussion (FGD) on the Existing Agriculture Situation:

FGDs were carried out along with the representative groups in the villages. Emphasis was given on understanding the profile of village ,broad characteristics related to agriculture, markets, loaning etc. It was ensured that, these discussions were held in presence of village leaders, representation from different FGD with farmers at Village Malpur, Block Shindkheda ,Dhule strata of the society, grass root level Govt.and Non ­ Govt. representatives, PRI members, etc. The FGD helped us in clearly identify the key reasons for backwardness / development shortcomings and address issues impeding development. iii) Focused Group Discussions (FGD) with Mahila Mandal and Self Help Group (SHG)

Representatives:

FGDs were also held with the Mahila Mandal and SHGs representative groups in the villages. Emphasis was on understanding the perceptions of women in Agriculture development as they are more actively involved in all farming operations. These FGDs helped us to identify the Mahila actively participating in the FGD at Vinchur, Block Dhule key issues which require attention from women point of view. The suggestions and options reflected by the Women Groups are discussed in the emerging issues.

4 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule iv) Group Exercise On Existing Farming Practices and Economics of Crop Production:

The group exercise was conducted in which discussion was held on the existing cropping pattern, crop management practices followed and economics of production of major crops cultivated in village was worked out. Major focus was given on calendar of Agriculture operations followed, external and internal inputs used, cost of production and marketing of farm produce. Constraint faced and suggestions for increasing the production were Farmers working on Economics of Crop discussed at length. The exercise helped in Production at Village Vinchur understanding the existing agriculture situation and economics of crop cultivation. v) Transact Walk:

The Major Issues related Land and water resource management were emerged during the Focus Group Discussion. In order to know the actual field situation and status of Land and Water Resources the transact walk was held to the sites and farmers fields along with the village representati ves. During the visit the problems related to the water resource management and similarly possible suggested options were discussed at length. The transact survey helped in understanding the existing Land and water resource situation as well as understating the suggested options of development emerged from the community that Farmers and PRA Team carrying out Transact walk at village Betawad , would help in increasing the Agriculture Production in Block Shindkheda village and in the region.

5 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule vi) Mapping of the Existing Natural Resources :

In Order to know the existing Natural Resource in the village, a resource­mapping exercise was carried out with the villagers in participatory way. The villagers were facilitated to draw the resource map of village with local available materials like Rangoli, Chalks etc. on the Ground. For this facilitation was carried out by the Team members. The maps drawn by Resource Mapping Exercise at Malpur Village villagers depicted the natural resources like rivers, streams, topography, existing soil and water conservation structures on the streams, forest, cultivable and waste lands etc. vii) Dream Vision Mapping:

The main objective of conducting the participatory exercises was developing the vision of Community about development. The dream vision mapping tool was used which is extension of Resource Mapping. Through this tool community representatives were requested to think and develop a village map which they think emphasis was given on Agriculture & allied sector Development. The discussion was held on the resource map followed by making of the Agriculture Dream Vision Map Prepared by farmers at Malpur Tal. Shindkheda development activities required by villagers. The issues emerged were recorded. This exercise helped us to know the perception of villagers about the various agriculture development activities required in the village. viii) Household Survey:

A sample household survey was undertaken in each village. A system of stratified random sampling was adopted wherein a village was divided into four groups comprising of large farmers, medium sized farmers, small and marginal farmers. A total of 10­15 families were interviewed during the household survey. The survey was designed to cover the demographic features, health, education, land holding, agriculture, income and expenditure, savings and

House hold survey in process credit, Cost benefit ratio etc. The survey helped in understanding over at Domkani Village all situation of different farmers and verifying the issues emerged during discussions and participatory exercises.

6 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule ix) Concluding Meeting: At the end concluding meeting was held with the villages and major issues emerged from the Participatory Need Assessment Exercise was shared with the villagers for reconfirmation and community consent. 4) Consolidation of findings emerged from PNAE: The issues emerged from the PNAE exercises are reflected in CDAP Report. The PNAE exercise and Expert group finding formed the basis for developing the farmer centered Need Based CDAP. 5) Finalization of Formats Provided by National Development Council (NDC): The 78 Formats developed by NDC were given as a guideline by State Government for developing the plan. The Formats were given to respective departments for finalization. The format has been filled in respective department considering the secondary and primary data. Based on the NDC Formats, Outcome of Visioning process and Needs of community Emerged from PNAE (Participatory Need Assessment Exercises) the Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan is prepared along with budgetary allocation. During the process of data analysis and its compilation, AFPRO worked closely with the specialized staff of District Agriculture Department, The CDAP Report has been prepared and same has also being discussed with District Collector. 6) Steps in Progress: CDAP Report Finalization:

• Reworking on Methodology and facilitation of PRA and Need Assessment Exercises at each Gram Panchayat (GP)level as per new guidelines and manual suggested by Planning Commission on 19 March 2008. • Constitution of formal committees at District, Block level and Gram Panchayat level as suggested by Planning Commission. • Consolidation of GP level Plans at Block and District Level. Presently the plans are developed base on Human and Institutional resources available with District Agriculture Department considering the issues emerged from participatory Need assessment exercises. • Sharing the Progress made under CDAP in Dhule district with Planning Commission members and Central and State Government Officials at Workshop on CDAP held at Yashada, Pune during 10­11 May 2008. • Discussions and guidance from Guardian Director Dr. P. V.Firke , Director of Horticulture, M.S., Pune and Joint Director of Agriculture, Nasik Mr .R .B. Bali . • Discussion and finalization of draft CDAP with Director of Extension (DOE) and faculty members of MPKV,Rahuri from16 th to 19 th July 2008 at Rahuri. • Finalization of CDAP Report as per suggestions of Planning Commission members. • Sharing of the Final CDAP among the committee members involving District, Block and Community Representatives for seeking their suggestions. • Submission of CDAP in DPDC on 14 th August 2008,for approval • Submission of Final CDAP to State Government

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• Member of Dist. and block committee of ATMA were participated with there views experiences of farming system SREP prepared before was also taken into consideration in finalizing CDAP.

Chapter II

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT

2.1. Introduction :

Dhule District was divided into two districts Dhule and Nandurbar in 1998 . The Nandurbar was created as a new district. Now District Dhule consists of four Blocks viz. Dhule, Sakri, Shirpur and Shindkheda. The District of Dhule was previously known as WEST KHANDESH district. The ancient name of this region was Rasika.

SOILS

Dhule is having 681 villages from the four District blocks Dhule, Sakri, Shirpur and Shindkheda. The District is having one Municipal Corporation at Dhule and two Nagar Parishads at Shirpur and Dondaicha respectively. Religions observed in the district are Hindu, Muslim, Christy, Bauddha, Jain, Sikh and others. As per the census 2001, out of total population of 1707947, 73.89% population belongs to the rural area and 26.11% reside in urban area. Dhule and Shindkheda blocks are non tribal and Sakri and Shirpur block comprises of partial tribal community. The District is having 6.39 % scheduled caste population and 25.97% scheduled tribe population. Population wise literacy rate of the district is 71.6% out of which 67.1% belong to the rural area. In the District, Dhule block is having maximum literacy rate (78.1%) and minimum in Sakri block (61.7%).

Total geographical area of Dhule district is 8063.sq. km. Area occupied by the district in the state is about 2.6 % which ranks on 19. Total forest area in the district is 208900 Ha which is about 28.50%. Total cultivable area in the district is 4.64 lakh ha and net cropped area is 4.16 Lakh ha. Out of total net cropped area, 61% of land is used for cultivation of food grains and remaining for non edible crops. District is having three types of land which includes low, medium and black cotton soil. 60% land is low fertile, 25% medium and remaining 15% belongs to black soil. Medium land is useful for irrigation and it is covered in Shindkheda, Sakri and Southern part of Dhule. Black cotton soil mostly occurs at banks of Tapi river in the Shirpur and Shindkheda block. Average ground water level in this area rages from 10 to 70 ft and is not economical for lifting.

RIVERS

Rivers in the district are Tapi, Panzra, Burai, Arunawati, Aner, Bori, Kan and Aru which are prime water sources. Panzra river is having maximum length of 136 km in the district which flows through Sakri, Dhule and Shindkheda blocks. Tapi river flows through Shindkheda, Shirpur blocks and later it enters in Nandurbar district and get emerged into Ukai dam located in the Gujrat state. Burai 77

8 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule km in Shindkheda and Sakri, Arunawati and Aner 88 km in Shirpur, Bori 38 km in Dhule, Kan 35 km and Aru 32 km flows in Sakri and Sindkheda block of the district. Panzara and Kan river in Sakri meet at Bhadane village and known as Panzara.

IRRIGATION Area under irrigation in the district is 32952 ha out of which 83.68% area is irrigated from well’s and remaining 16.32% area from surface sources. Total number of irrigation well’s in the district is 25729.Out of total irrigated area, 26.12% area covered by cotton crop and remaining area includes 19.8% under wheat, 9.10% under gram, 8.91% under sugarcane and 5.76% under Chilli crop.

CROPS

Major Crops Cultivated in kharif season are jowar, bajra, maize, green gram, black gram, tur, soyabean , sesamum , groundnut and cash crops like cotton and sugarcane, where as in rabi major crops cultivated are wheat, gram, jowar, safflower and in summer season groundnut and bajra are cultivated. Major fruit cultivation in the district are of ber, custard apple, amla, lemon, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya and banana .The planting technology , supply of material and package of practices are standardized. Optimum pruning in ber and pomegranate are standardized. In district , presently horticulture is developed on 11740 ha of land.

Agriculture economy in the district still dependent on the livestock. Farmers consider the cattle as their valuable asset for the development of Agriculture. Livestock can be broadly classified into bovine, ovine and poultry production. Bovine includes cattle and buffalos. Ovine includes sheeps and goats while poultry comprises of ducks and pools. Poultry production in most of the families is general trend and is a subsidiary occupation for them. However most of the birds are of local and non descriptive type. For the livestock development , artificial insemination, treatment, vaccination castration, parasite control are the main works carried out by the institutes.

LIVESTOCK

Extension activities like calf rearing, pashu pradarshan , pashu melawa, mass training program are arranged by the department. Dairy development, poultry production, meat and wool production through sheep and goat and fish production are the main agro based business developed in the district. Livestock population in the district is approx. 9,50,000 which include 33,000 milking cows, 30,000 milking buffalos. Total sheeps and goats are 5,94,000 and poultry birds are 6,32,000. Total fish production in the district is 870 m. tones for which district is having 38 fishery development co­ operatives formed by the 2648 members.

Out of total 450 industries registered by the year 2005, 176 are functional and they have helped to provide employment to 4376 people. Total cooperatives functioning by the year 2006­07 were 3299 having 17.60 Lakh members. 12.91 % co­operatives are primary agriculture cooperative credit societies.

9 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

2.2. Location and Geographical Units

Dhule is located in northern side of Maharashtra state bounded by district Nandurbar in the North­West, District Nashik in south and district Jalgaon in East. Dhule district has one major river­ basin i.e. Tapi­Basin. The district is covered by Satpuda hills range on the north. Elevation of the district from mean sea level ranges from 180 to 215 m. Some of the worth visiting places in Dhule are Aner dam ( Wildlife Sanctuary ) and Laling fort.

Dhule city is located about 340 Kms northeast of Mumbai while 350 Kms North of Pune. Three National Highways namely NH­6 (Surat ­Kolkata), NH­3 (Mumbai – Agra ) and SH­211 (Surat – Solapur) and one State Highway­41 (Ankleshwar­Barhanpur ) are passing through the district.

Geographical Location:

The district is located at 200 . 38′ to 21 0.61 ′ N and longitude of 73 05 0′ to 750 11′E with altitude of 180 to 250 meters above mean sea level (MSL).

2.3 Demographic Profile :

Population:

As per the census 2001, district population comparing to the state is 1.76 % which is 17,07,947. Total population comprising of 8.78 lakh males and 8.30 lakh females with male to female population ratio is 1:0.94. The population growth rate in general during preceding decades was 396 per thousand people. The schedule caste and schedule tribe population of the district are 1.09 lakh (6.39%) and 4.44 lakh (25.97%) respectively . Population density of the district is 212.

Table No. 1: Block wise Area , Number of villages and Gram Panchayat

Block Villages No. of Revenue Area (ha) No. of Gram In­habitated Un­in habitated Villages Panchayats Shirpur 168 0 136 159397 147 Shindkheda 147 0 143 130613 141 Sakri 225 0 215 244110 225 Dhule 141 0 169 198825 168 Total 681 0 663 732945 681

Table No. 2: Block wise Population

Block Population (As per the 2001 Census) Male Female Total S.C. S.T. Shirpur 172787 164766 337553 18227 136708 Shindkheda 147427 140090 287517 20410 50027 Sakri 184350 178742 363092 14487 174284 Dhule 373808 345977 719785 55423 81119 Total 878372 829575 1707947 108547 442138

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The district is having 71.06 percent literacy in general, with 81.4 male and 61.4 % female literates. ( As per the census of 2001 ). As per survey 2002–2007 total 1.67 lakh families’ lie below poverty line. Graph No. 1: Educational qualification of Operational holders

X = Q ualificat ion of Farmer. Y = N umber of Farmer.

According to the input survey done in 2000­01, out of total operational holders 22.13% holders are illiterates, 28.59% were studied up to 5t h standard, 24.49% studied up to middle standard, 12.45% secondary passed, 6.17% competed Technical diploma below degree level and 3.10% holders were having graduation and above qualification.

2.4 Topography and Agro climatic characteristics

Natural Features:

The major portion of the district is situated in the Tapi basin. The Tapi River flows through Shirpur and Shindkheda block to Nanurbar district. Panzara, Burai, Arunavati, Aner, Bori, Kan and Aaru are the subrivers of Tapi. River Panzara , Kan and Burai emerge from the Western Ghat area of Sakri . Forest: The forest in the district is spread over 2,08,890 hectares which is 28.50% of district geographical area. The major area in forest lies in Sakri block (35.27%), whereas least forest area is in Shindkheda Block (7.60 percent). Three divisions working for the development of forest are West, North and South Forest Development Corporation. The major commercial species like Teak, Bomboo, Arjun, Mahua and Tendu are grown in this forest. Whereas the important minor forest produces are Mahua flowers, tendu and palas leaves, Grass, Gum and Teak wood. In 2006­07, total earnings from the forest was Rs 17.67 Lakh. Soil: The soils of the district are derived from trap rock to the south of Tapi river; while to the north these are from the trap as well as sedimentary formations of the Satpuda ranges. The central Tapi valley region is a fairly recent alluvium developed on the bed of lacustrine origin. The northern part of

11 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule the district has dark brown to yellowish brown soils of lighter type on the hill slopes, with clayey deep soils of the Tapi valley to its south. Between the Tapi and Panzra river valleys comes the belt of medium deep soils mostly, with interception of medium and shallower soils in scattered patches, depending on the local conditions. Below the Panzra valley in the southern part of the district, lies the area of shallow to medium soils as per local relief conditions The major portion of the earth crust of the district has been synthesized from the igneous rocks and the soils are black, medium black, shallow and calcareous type having different depths and profiles. As regards the geographical area of the district, there are light and shallow soils (60%), medium deep black soils (25%) and deep black soils (15%). Medium deep black soil spread over Shindkheda, Sakri and western part of Dhule Block. The North part of district which lies on the bank of Tapi river covers Shirpur and Shindkheda Block which has deep black soil.

Characteristics of the soils :

Light Soils 0 ­ 228.6 mm. (0".9").:

Lighter soils are largely with in northern and southern areas flanking on both sides of the central Tapi valley. Soils are light loams to clay loams in texture with sub­angular blocky to angular blocky in structure in the lower zone. In general these are low in fertility and require judicious supply of manures and fertilizers.

Medium soils 228.6­457.2 mm. (9"­18"):

These soils are predominantly located in the southern and central zones of the district below,­ the Tapi valley in Dhule and Sakri areas with intervening narrow belts of fairly shallow soils. The soils are dark brown to dark reddish brown in color with fairly good drainage, granular to sub­angular, blocky in structure, loamy to clay loam in texture.

The soils in general are deficient in nitrogen, organic matter and phosphate contents and therefore require adequate doses of the same for better harvest.

Medium deep soils 457.2 ­ 914.4 mm. (18"­36"):

These soils are fairly scattered in many smaller river valleys and local pockets, and largely in Tapi and Panzra river valleys on the outer side of the valleys. The soils are clay loam to clayey in texture with dark brown to very dark gray brown in color and sub­angular blocky to angular blocky in structure. Application of manures and fertilizers is needed for these nutrients as per local conditions for better returns.

Deep soils more than 914.4 mm. (36"):

These soils are mostly in the valleys of Tapi and Panzara. Besides a few scattered local patches are sandy clay loam to clayey in texture with clay percentage upto 60.0 per cent at the highest

12 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule and 40­55 per cent in general for most soils. Structure varies from sub­angular blocky to angular blocky with dark gray brown to very dark gray brown color.

The special characteristic is that the sub­soil layers have diminishing clay percentage upto certain depth 1.219 to 1.524 metres (4 to 5 ft.) particularly in the Tapi valley. Organic matter contents are very low varying from 0.12 to 0.37 per cent. In general the soils are more deficient in nitrogen and organic matter contents and need more manures and fertilizers to supply the same.

Climate:

The district is characterized by warm and dry climate in June to September and later on there is a gradual decline in the temperature from October to February which leads to dry and cool weather. District receives an annual average rainfall of 717 mm and number of rainy days recorded were 37 in a year 2004.The average rainfall of the district is 592 mm spreading over a period of 39 to 52 rainy days.

District gets rainfall mostly from the south west monsoon during the month of June to October, occasional rain in the month of May and scanty rains in the month of November. Rainfall all over the district is not uniform and varies from place to place. Sakri gets minimum average rainfall of 532 mm followed by Shindkheda 707 mm, Shirpur 792 mm and Dhule 841 mm. Rainfall in the district is main factor which determines the cropping pattern and agricultural operations in the district.

Graph No. 2 : Year wise Rainfall Received in the district

Year Wise Rainfall (mm) 1000 917 900 783 800 717

700 )

m 600 570 570 570 570 m (

499

l avg l 500 a rainfall nf i 400 a R 300 200 100 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year

13 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

In the month of October the temperature ranges between 35 0C and 400 C . The average maximum and minimum temperature of the district is 450 C and 60 C respectively. March, April and May are the hot and dry months.

Table No:3 Block wise Average Temperature, Relative humidity,Wind Velocity and Sunshine hours

Temperature ( oc ) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Sunshine hours Name of 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 velocity Sr. Sum Block (km/hr) Kharif Rabi Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. mer Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. 1 Shirpur 6.40 6.50 6.60 48 49 48 4.2 7.2 9.3 11.3 43.8 43.3 43.9 72 73 73 2 Shindkheda 7.0 7.3 7.2 50 51 50 4.4 7.3 9.3 11.3 44.8 44.7 44.5 74 75 74 3 Sakri 6.5 6.7 6.8 49 50 49 43.9 43.8 44.0 73 75 74 4.8 7.0 9.3 11.3 4 Dhule 7.20 7.10 7.4 50 52 51 4.2 7.0 9.3 11.3 44.9 44.7 45.0 75 75 75 Average 6.7 6.9 7.5 49.25 50.5 50.5 4.4 7.2 9.3 11.3 44.35 44.12 44.35 73.5 74.5 74.0

Agro­Climatic Zones: The major part of the district falls under Scarcity and Assured rainfall zone. The distribution and the characteristic features of agro­climatic zone in district are as :­ 1.Assured rainfall zone: The assured rainfall zone comprises part of Shirpur Block with assured rainfall, which varies from 700 to 900 mm and having medium to heavy soils. Approx. 29.32 % District geographical area is under Assured rainfall Zone 2.Scarcity zone: Scarcity Zone includes eastern part of Sakri, Dhule and Shindkheda blocks which receives erratic rainfall up to 500 mm and having light to medium soils. Approx. 50.27 % district geographical area is under Scarcity Zone. 3.Transition­II: This zone includes Western part of Sakri `block having 700­1750 mm rainfall with light medium soil. Approx. 20.39 % District geographical area is under Transition­II zone . 2.5 Land use pattern and Land Holding : Agriculture and Forest land contributes to the major portion of the district land utilization. Out of total geographical area of 8063 sq. km, 4.64 lakh ha (63.42%) land was available for cultivation in 2006­07. From the total cultivable area 78 % area is under net sown and 5.64 % area is cultivable more than once. Nearly 61% of edible crops and 39% non­edible crops are grown in the district. Pulses are grown on 11% and cash crops (sugarcane, cotton) and oilseed crops are taken on 40 % of the total

14 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule cultivable area. Out of total 2.54 lakh ha land used for food grain, 40% area is under bajra crop which is followed by kharif jowar on an about 15 % area. There are 2.95 lakh land holders covering an area of 7.34 lakh hectares where about 56 percent of them are holding the land below 2.00 hectares, while less than 2 percent farmers are big land holders with land above 10 hectares.The details of land utilization pattern and land holding pattern as follows.

Land holding: The number of farmers in the district are 2,30,216 having total area of 4,19,243 ha. The district is having 34.61 % marginal farmers, 35.63 % small farmers, 21.32 % semi medium farmers, 7.86 % medium farmers and 0.58 % large farmers. Table No : 4 Land utilization statistics (2006­07)

Area (ha) Percent (%) Total geographical area 806300 100 Forest area 209000 25.08 Area suitable for cultivation 464800 55.78 Area not suitable for cultivation 61000 7.32 Fallow land 24000 2.88 Gross area under cropping 416000 49.92 Net area under cropping 394000 47.28 Double cropped area 22000 2.64 Gross irrigated area 48000 5.76 Net irrigated area 33000 3.96

Ratio : Gross Irrigated Area to Gross Cultivable area (%) : 11.53 Net Irrigated Area to Net cultivable Area (%) : 8.37 Graph No. 3: Farmer`s Categories in the District

X = Area ha. with farmers category Farmers category :Land holdings (ha ) Marginal farmers : Below 1 ( ha ) Y = Number of Farmers Small farmers : 1 to 2 ( ha ) Semi Medium farmers : 2 ha to 4 ( ha) Medium farmers : 4 to 10 (ha ) Large farmers : 10 (ha )and above

15 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Table No. 5 : Block wise Farmers Categories in the District

Taluka Marginal Small Farmers Semi­med. Medium Large Total Farmers Farmers farmers farmers No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No Area Dhule 29128 16674 24470 34116 12812 35110 5070 28750 400 7370 71880 122021 Shirpur 9755 6552 12309 18064 6464 17420 2224 12134 110 1632 30862 55802 Sakri 20914 12803 25519 36939 18859 47873 6524 37381 452 7174 72268 142170 Shindkheda 19883 12397 19736 27791 10952 29460 4271 24366 364 5237 55206 99251 Total 79680 48428 82034 116910 49087 129862 18089 102630 1326 21413 230216 419243 Percent 34.61 11.55 35.63 27.88 21.32 30.97 7.86 24.47 0.58 5.10 100 100 Land Capability Classification:

Out of total geographical area in the district, 184139 ha of land comes under class II which is suitable for the cultivation purpose, 192577 ha of land falls under Class III which is moderately good for cultivation purpose 210734 ha of land comes under Class IV which is fairly good land and suited for occasional cultivation, while 145495 ha of land comes under Class VI which is having steep slopes, highly erosion prone with shallow soils and not suitable for agriculture purposes.

2.6 Irrigation and Ground water:

Out of total cultivated area of 4.64 Lakh ha 41892 hectare (9.01%) area is under gross irrigation. Net irrigated area is the district is 32952 ha (8.25%) out of which 83.68% area irrigates from well’s and remaining 16.32% area from surface sources. Total number of irrigation well’s in the district is 25729. The district has electrically operated irrigation pumps to the tune of 26835 and 1998 diesel engine are being operated to provide assured irrigation.

Table No­6 : Block wise Area under Canal, Open wells,Tube/ Bore wells

District Canal (Area) Open Wells Tube/Bore wells Total Ha No Area Nos. Area Area Dhule 89 4983 6716 26 16 122126 Sakri 2117 7670 10898 323 170 144457 Shirpur 398 5414 10936 2996 3735 59935 Shindkeda 41 4170 6620 147 156 99448 Total 2645 22237 35170 3492 4077 425966

2.7 District Income (2006­07):

District income mainly depends upon the sectors categorized in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. In primary sector major fields that have supported district income includes Agriculture, Forest, Fishery and Mines. In secondary sector, industries, construction of various infrastructures, electricity, gas and water supply facilities have contributed to support the district income. In tertiary sector major income is from business and hotels, banking and insurance, communication facilities like telephone, post offices, roads, railway, and transportation supplemented the district income.

Total net income of the district from all these sectors is Rs 430325 lakhs having per capita income of Rs 23,710/­ where as per capita income of the state is Rs 37,081/­. Hence district is still

16 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule lagging behind to the state per capita income but however progress made by the district in last few years indicates the yearly average 13.5% increase in the per capita income. Maximum district income is from business and hotels followed by the agriculture sector.

Table No.7 Sector wise district income.

Sr Sector Gross district income Net district income ‘Lakh’ ‘Lakh’ Primary sector 1.1 Agriculture 65920 62772 1.2 Forest 4590 4496 1.3 Fishery 751 667 1.4 Mines 85 72 Sub Total 71346 68007 Secondary Sector 2.1 Registered industries 25093 19662 2.2 Non Registered Industries 21936 15850 2.3 Construction 35859 35016 2.4 Electricity, Gas, Water Supply 5905 3656 Sub Total 88793 74184 Tertiary Sector 3.1 Railway 918 687 3.2 Transportation and Storage 23716 18931 3.3 Communication facilities 11859 9592 3.4 Business and Hotels 100575 97891 3.5 Banking and Insurance 52345 50111 3.6 Business services 53047 48247 3.7 Community Administration 22476 19452 3.8 Other services 47101 43222 Sub Total 312037 288133 Total District Income 472176 430325 District Per Capita Income (Rs) – 26016 23710 Total state Income 43241313 38624067 State Per Capita Income (Rs) – 41514 37081 Ratio of Total district income to the state 1:92 1:89 income Ratio of per capita income of district to the 1:1.6 1:1.56 state per capita income .

Per capita income of the district for the year 2003 – 04, 2004 – 05 and 2005 – 06 was Rs 18350/­, Rs 21333/­ and Rs 23710/­ respectively. Year wise per capita income revels that there is 16% and 11% increase in the per capita income of the district in the year 2004 – 05 and 2005 – 06.

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Graph No. 4 : Per capita income

Dhule Dist .percapita income Rs

25000

20000

15000 percapita income Rs 10000

5000

0 2003­04 2004­05 2005­06

2.8 Intra District Growth Differentials Agriculture : Agriculture has played a significant role in rural poverty elevation by contributory towards more rapid and sustained agricultural growth. The Governments development program has helped to promote the shift to higher value crops in the district. Cotton Sector : With the introduction of high yielding varieties of BT Cotton, there has been substantial increase in the area, production and productivity of cotton crop. Productivity was increased from 550 to 950 kg. per ha. The net area increased in the cotton is around 26% in the last 5 years .Cotton is playing an major economical role in the district growth. The farmers inclination towards in organic farming in cotton with the help of NGO’S like Samruddhi Farming Ltd. Maikall Biore India has helped the farming in getting more bonus in terms of 15 to 20 % extra premium than the market price for organic cotton. Cereals : Although cultivation of rice is limited to the western part of the district. The produce has made its way to the other part of the district and state. With the adoption of new technology in cultivation like System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method, Charsutri and use of urea briquette with green manure has helped in increasing the productivity and also helped to increase the area of cultivation, it is also one of the important factor which is boosting the district economy. Vegetables :

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Onion and chilly which are grown all over the district also contribute a major share of its income towards the district growth. Onion covers an area of 4500 ha in kharif , 1900 ha. area in rabbi and 400 ha. In summer respectively. Where as chilly cover an area of 6000 ha .

Department of Agriculture : The Department of Agriculture in the district is promoting agriculture development on commercial and industrial lines, helping the farmer in facing the competitiveness in the context of globalization with preparation of action plan for utilization limited of resources farmer are helped to utilize full .Farmers are pr to invest in farm and infrastructure facilities for postharvest management, storage, marketing and exports. The department is also involved in private sector activities such as distribution of seeds, planting materials, fertilizer and other inputs to ensure their availability to farmers. Irrigation : Increased access to irrigation for agriculture through micro irrigation has benefited the farmers in terms of higher productivity reduced vulnerability to weather risks and opening of opportunities to cultivate higher value crops. District expenditure on surface irrigation management through various watershed development program has been a major rural development strategy. Gross irrigation area has expanded to about 30000 ha. The benefits of surface irrigation have occurred to smaller farmers also . Horticulture : Horticulture development program linked with EGS has accelerated the expansion of horticulture production and to generate additional employment in rural areas. Horticulture production required up to 275 persons per annum per ha. (Godbole, 1990). The schemes is open to all farmers with minimum required area and 100% subsidy on wages . The scheme has generated considerable economic benefits. The increase fruit production generated positive multiplied effects in term of increased labour demand and demand for input and marketing services (transport, storage, processing, packing and trading) Rural Infrastructure and Services : Promoting growth of agriculture and rural non farm sector growth is closely linked through due to the strong backward and forward linkages.Improved access to basic infrastructures (roads, markets, electricity) and services (market information and education) is important for this horticulture sector. Investment in the roads (rural roads and highway) ensures cost saving and community benefits. Rural education has assisted farm families to become more competitive.

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2.9 Vision

The district has made impressive work in the agriculture front. During the last 8 to 10 years much of the credit for this success should go to the several small farmers families, that forms the back bone of the district agriculture and economy. Policy support production, storage, public investment infrastructure, research and extension for crop, livestock and fisheries have significantly helped to increase the food production and its availability. During the last year all the increase in the production resulted from yield gains rather than the expansion of cultivated area. Availability of food grains per person increased from 452 gm / capita / day to over 476 gm / capita / day. Increased agriculture productivity and rapid industrial growth in the resent years have contributed to a significant reduction in poverty level. The population pressure on resources are high to meet its food and development needs. The natural resource base of land, water and bio diversity is under severe pressure. The massive increase in population demand an extra demand of food grains annually besides significant increase needed in the supply of livestock, fish and horticulture products. Vast uncommon opportunities to harness agriculture potential still remain, which can be tapped to achieve further targets. There are serious gaps both in yield potential and technology transfer as the district average yield of most of the commodities are low, which if addressed properly could be harnessed. Concentration must be on enhancing production of a few commodities like rice and wheat. Further increase in the production of cereals and non cereal agriculture commodities will have to be essentially achieved through increase in productivity as the possibilities of expansion of area are minimal. Farmers must be provided the necessary support, encouragement and incentives it must focus both on income and greater on farm and off farm job and livelihood opportunities. A. Main issues : In the priority setting the following are the emerging issues for sustainable agriculture development and poverty alleviation: a) Population pressure. b) Resource base degradation and water scarcity. c) Investment in agriculture and structural adjustment and impact on poor / small farmer. d) Globalization e) Modern science and technology and support to research and technology development. f) Rabid urbanization g) Focus on creating opportunities for farmers to enhance there net income to a respectable level. h) Promotion of public private partnerships in agriculture. i) To increase area under micro irrigation by the promotion of drip and sprinkler irrigation j) Post harvest technology and agro processing to be given additional thrust. k) Development of future market for major commodities by private sector.

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B. Uncommon opportunities : a) Conservation of natural resources and protection of environment. b) Vast untapped potential of our soil, water resources and farming systems. c) Technology revolution in different fields. (to increase production and productivity) ( To increase production & productivity ) d) Revolution informatics and communication and the opportunity of linking farmers, extension worked and scientists . e) Enhancing the area under organic farming. f) To increase active involvement of self help group. g) Farm mechanization. Challenges policies and strategies : Enhancing yield of major commodities. Yield of major corps and live stock in the region is much lower than that of the sate, expansion of cultivated area is almost closed, the further increase in food productivity to meet the high demand must come from increase in yield. There is need to strengthen adoptive research and technology assessment so that the existing wide technology transfer gaps are bridged, for this an appropriate network of extension service needs to be created to stimulate and encourage both top ­ down and bottom ­ up flows of information between farmers, extension workers and research scientist to promote the adoption and evaluation of location specific farm technologies. Agronomic and soil researches on the region need to be intensified to address location specific problems as productivity growth is decreasing in major production region. Cotton :­ The current prices in cotton revolves around the main issue, such as rising cost of production, high use of pesticides, without adequate pest suppression, in ability to an hance production due to ineffective water management, deterioration in genetic purity, inadequate price support and paucity of infrastructure to ensure value addition products at the farmers level. High external input base cropping has degraded the soil – water system, depleted soil organic carbon stock, fertility of soil has leed to secondary salination and water logging. It has become difficult to win away the farmers addicted to the cons taint use of insecticides inspite of sincere efforts by the farm universities and extension workers. Reduction of farm cost in the production of cotton fiber through organic residue recycling and composition is an attractive off season activity of the farm families. This would make the production system environmentally safe and reduce dependence of off farm inputs. The bio control base IPM can be effectively used to handle the pest scenario. This would increase the productivity, reduce cost of production and would be more eco friendly.

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Maize :­ This crop could be brought under the year round production which would further give boost to sustain high production. Maize does possess tremendous potential in terms of feeds for diary, poultry, piggery agro industries. Diversified use of maize for starch industry corn oil production would provide the much needed impetus to the growth of maize. Pearl millet and sorghum :­ Compared to the potential of pearl millet and sorghum limited efforts have been made to exploit their full potential. These crops have not only proven there potential in drought prone areas but have also displayed their enormous response in high managements conditions. Pearl millet is now popular as a regular summer crop and also perceived as minor dry land crop. It is grown in both Kharif and summer as food, feed, forage and industrial raw material. Sorghum in particular has demand in industry as animal feed and alcohol distillates and starch industries. Pulses :­ Pulses constitute an important in gradient in the human diet, the concentrated efforts are to be made to enhance the production an productivety of plulses which will in term ensure more availability of per capita of pulses. Introduction of pulses in cerals base cropping system will add to the sustainability of these systems by ensuring both nitrogen, economic and improved, soil health. Different pulses can fix huge amount of nitrogen through symbiosis and thus minimize dependency on chemical fertilizers, which leed to environmental pollution. Forest cover must be preserved to keep off climatic disturbances and to provide enough fuel and fodder, milk meal and draught capacity of our animal needs to be improved through better management practices. Integrated nutrient management : Attention should be given to balanced use of nutrient organic carbon deficiency is now the most widespread soil fertility problem in both irrigated and unirrigated areas. Correcting the imbalance in the use of primary plant nutrients i.e nitrogen, phosphors and potash and use of bio fertilizers. To improve the efficiency of fertilizer use enhanced location specific research on efficient fertilizer practices (such as balanced use of nutrients , correct timing and placement of fertilizer and whenever necessary use of micronutrient and soil amendments) improvement in soil testing services development of improved fertilizer supply and distribution system. Water for Sustainable food security : The district will be required to produce more from less land and water resource. Alarming rates of ground water depletion has resulted in drop of yields of irrigated crops. The needs of other sector water cannot be ignored there fore it is necessary that an integrated water use policy is formulated and judiciously implemented. Resource poor farmers in the rainfed ecosystem practice less intensive agriculture and since their income depends on local agriculture, they benefit little from increased food

22 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule production in irrigated areas. To help them efforts must increased to disseminate available dry land technologies and generate new once. Watershed development for rising in yields of rainfed crop and widening of seed revolution to cover oil seeds, pulses, fruits and vegetables. Farming system research to develop location specific technologies must be intensified in the rain fed areas. Strategy to be made to make gray areas green. Agriculture Post harvest management, value addition, cost effectiveness : Importance to be given to quality and nutrientional aspects throw attention should be given to develop post harvest handling, agro processing and value addition technologies. Not only to reduce the heavy post harvest losses but also improve the quality through proper storage, packing, handling and transport. Post harvest losses generally ranges from 5 to 10 percent for non perishables and about 30 percent for perishables. These loss could be minimized. Emphasis will therefore be placed to develop post harvest handling, agro processing and value addition technologies, not only to prevent the high losses but also to improve the quality through proper storage, packing, handling and transport. Cost effectiveness in production and post harvest handling through the application of latest technologies will be necessary. The agro processing facilities preferably located close to the point of production in rural area will greatly promote off farm employment. Horticulture : There is an enormous horticulture potential. The wide product base, high volume of production round the year, high domestic demand, makes it an attractive place for investment. The high value perishable horticulture crops are wasted due to lack of post harvest management and cold chain infrastructure. There is an urgency to strengthen the network of the post harvest management and cold chain infrastructure. (grading, packing Centers, pre cooling units, refrigerator vans, cold storage etc.) both of the areas of production and at retails outlets. Every horticulture produce calls for value addition and product formulation for the propose of • Table and raw consumption • Fruit drinks. • Pulp and other semiliquids In order to be competitive in the market our strategies to further horticulture development in the district should be increase production with quality parameters by adopting modern innovative and hi­tech methods. Some of them are • High density plantations which include adoption of appropriate plant density / canopy management. • Quality planting material, support and management system with appropriate inputs. • Micro prorogation (tissue culture) for mass production of true to type in possible shortest time disease free material

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• Rain fed production through efficient water management techniques, mulching for soil moisture conservation use of barriers in soil to reduce percolation, irrigation by drip, sprinkler, fertigation, water harvesting structure. • Nursery management for quality seeds / plant production of vegetables, flowers, ornamental fruits. • Organic farming.

Organic Farming : The natural resources have been exploited beyond limits to get high production and productivity. During the resent past the use of chemical for the management of pest and disease has been increased. Organic farming seems to be the only answer to the panic which is troubling farmers at present. Organic farming requires no external input and all the necessary inputs required for cultivation of crop are present in the farm itself. Organic farming has been getting a lot of attention from consumer ,researchers, policy makers, scientist and farmers in recent time, because it reduces input cost there by minimizing the farmers dependency on fertilizer. Organic farming is labour intensive generates plenty rural employment. The main aim will be to establish an ecological balance with nature. The only hitch that organic farmer faces is the cost involved in getting organic certification for their produce. Vermiculture has become a major component in biological farming which is found to be effective in enhancing the soil fertility and producing large number of crops in sustainable manner. In the last few years organic farming has attracted many farmers in the district and have experimented successfully with cotton and various fruit crops like papaya, banana and mango. Disaster Management : The frequency and intensity of disaster such as floods, droughts, cyclone have increased in the resent years. Special efforts to be made to develop appropriate technologies for increasing preparedness to predict and to manage the disasters. Effective and reliable information and communication system, contingency planning and national and international mobilization of technologies and resources are must. Experience of other district , state in prevention and management of the disaster should be shared. Diary Development : The dairy sub sector occupies an important position in the agriculture economics, it provides a regular employment. However the investment in the Animal Husbandry and dairying is very small. The

24 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule strength of the dairy sector lies in the fact that inspite of limited investment it has shown constant and sustainable growth. District is rich in genetic diversity of cattle, each having some unique property or other. For small farmers cattle is the only assent and main stay for their socio­economic security The rapid growth in the milk products has been mainly because of the increase in the number of animal rather than improved productivity. The low productivity is of great concern. The productivity of dairy animals is often hampered by epidemics even more by epidemic heath. There is lack of awareness about clean milk production. If bio­technology is applied prudently in the dairy sector tremendous improvements could be achieved in the field of animal breading, feeding and animal health. Genetic up gradation of cattle and buffalos and expansion of existing infrastructure and delivery of breeding inputs and services to the farmers, specific breed improvement programe from different breeds of milch cattle in different agro climate zone have to be implemented. Systemic dissemination of appropriate technologies in the field of clean milk production and milk free from pesticide residues will help the farmer produce standard milk products, which can compete in the market. Although the co­operative sector has made significant improvement in the development of dairy sector in rural areas, efforts are needed to intensified to include more rural area under the co­ operative setup. The aim will be “Reaching the unreached people and including the excluded rural mass”. Fisheries : Considering the increasing demand of fish to meet the requirement of growing population and the potential of the fisheries and fresh water aquaculture in particular , different agro ecological situation for increasing fish production in the district, some of the important approaches for sustainable fish production are • Need to develop complete package of technologies for different level of fish production i.e. two tonnes, five tonnes and hundred tones per hacter. • Production of balance feeds for different stages of fish. • Demonstration of listed technologies in farmers ponds in different agro climatic zone. • Greater role for human resource development and extension with emphasis on training of farmers, entrepreneurs and district fisheries officials • Establishment of fresh water hatcheries. • Identification and demonstration of location specific culture system. • Health monitoring, prevention and control of diseases. • Development of economical and eco friendly feeds.

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Chapter III

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT

3.1 SWOT Analysis :

Considering the present agriculture scenario in the district SWOT analysis exercise has been carried out by two methods. To know the ground realities, participatory field exercise have been carried out in the selected sample villages from three Agro­Climatic Zones.

The SWOT exercise was also conducted with the departmental staff in order to know the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat existing in the district considering the present agriculture scenario. Based on the reflection of staff, observations from field exercise and expert group recommendations the following interpretations are developed for deciding the future strategy for overall agriculture development in the coming phase. Group exercises have been carried out by forming small eight groups

Table No­8 :Villages selected for SWOT analysis exercise –

Name of Representative Blocks Agro­ Name of Agro Sr Characteristics village covered Ecological Climatic Zone Situation 1 Baripada Western AES­I Transition High rainfall with part of Zone – II Medium to deep Sakri black soils 2 Dighave, Malpur, Dhule, AES­II Scarcity Zone Lower rainfall light Betawad,Vinchur Shindkheda, to medium soils Satarne, Domcani Eastern Part of Sakri 3 Zende Anjan, Shirpur AES­III Assured rainfall Medium rainfall , Nave Bhampur zone – III light to deep black soils

The Small groups carried out exercise on the following subjects – Sr No Subjects 1 Commercial crops – cotton, Sugarcane 2 Horticulture development and Vegetable production 3 Natural resources – Soil and water resources 4 Cereals,Pulses and Oilseed crops 5 Storage and processing units 6 Marketing 7 Animal husbandry ,dairy ,poultry & fisheries

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3.2 Issues emerged from the exercise:

Agriculture Sector:

Major Strengths :

1. Diversified Agro climatic situations suitable for cultivation of wide range of crops, vegetables and fruit crops. 2. Three National Highways and one State Highway passes through the district making it accessible to other metro cities of the adjoining district, where fresh agricultural produce and other agricultural commodities are transported. 3. Increased ground water table due to efficient soil and water conservation measures carried out which ensured seasonal availability of water. 4. Increased use of drip, sprinkler, micro irrigation system assur in more area under irrigation. 5. Good telecommunication facilities available within district. 6. Involvement of farmer’s organization like Krishi Vidyan Mandal, Mahila Mandal, Farmer’s club, Self help groups, Farmer’s interest group and agricultural related groups. 7. Availability of crop loans through co­operative and nationalized banks. 8. Willingness of the farming community to adopt organic farming. 9. Implementation of NHM and EGS which helps in increasing the area under horticulture crop plantation with availability of existing irrigation water. 10. Existing Agriculture College, Krishi Vidyan Kendra and Govt. polyclinic helps the farmers to get new improved technology. Major weaknesses :

1. Nearly 80 % of the area under rainfed cultivation. 2. Improper land management and application of recommended doses of fertilizer ( Both organic and chemical) leading to decrease organic carbon content and NPK fertilizer deficient. 3. Non–use of micro nutrients making the soil deficient in micronutrients like Zn, Fe, Bo, Mg. 4. Non­ adoption of in­situ moisture conservation methods. 5. Habit of farmers sticking to the traditional methods of cultivation hence use of less quantity of seed causing poor plant population and thereby affecting the productivity. 6. Lack of proper post harvest management at farmers field. 7. Labour crises which delays farming operation. 8. Less use of farm machinery for sowing, harvesting, intercultivation operations. 9. Uncertainty of electricity supply for operating water pumps. 10. Crop loans taken only for cash crops. 11. Instability in market prices.

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Opportunities : 1. Increased awareness of good health creating demand for organic produces. 2. Scope for increasing area under horticulture crops. 3. Awareness for good seed material leading to village seed production program. 4. Involvement of Improved integrated crop management technology (ICM ) scope to increase productivity of crop. 5. Marketing of various agro commodities to Mohostavs, self help groups. Mahila Mandal and farmers groups. Threats : 1. Natural calamity and long dry spells. Scarcity of labour and decreasing work efficiency of farmers. 2. Use of farm credits for personal purposes. 3. Instability of market prices.

Animal husbandry and Livestock rearing

Interventions required :

1. Genetic up gradation of local breeds through use of improved breed. 2. Scientific calf rearing, supplement of proper nutritious feed to growing calf in gestation. 3. Making availability of artificial insemination at farmer’s door steps. 4. Demonstration cum training of good rearing practices. 5. Feed supplement and parasitic control drugs of poultry. 6. Supplement of graded male for genetic up gradation backyard poultry. 7. Scope for caged poultry upgrading. 8. Genetic up gradation of local sheep / goat to use of breed males rams / bucks. Fisheries :

Interventions required

1. Availability of fish seed. 2. Seed production unit to be set up. 3. High cost involved in pond construction. 4. Lack of interest on farmer’s level due to less knowledge regarding fish farming in tanks. 5. Fluctuating prices in the fish market. 6. Fish societies have less share capital.

Dairy development :

Interventions required

1. High milk yielding production animals. 2. Availability of Milk collection centers at village level . 3. High cost involvement for rearing high milk yielding animals. 4. Increasing area under green fodder at farmer’s level. 5. Availability of labour. 6. Encouragement of low grade refuges (Low cost feeding) 7. Training for Dairy Development methods and Exposure visit to Model Dairy and allied

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activities to ladies 8. Clean milk campaign and strict action against adulteration. 9. 100 days program for conception to be followed. 10. Back ended subsidy for Feed Factory 11. Encouraging milk product through Mahila Bachat Gat. 12. Milk chilling centers to be set up at local level and collection of milk through dairy co­operative societies. 13. Proper logistic planning for collection of milk

3.3 Sectoral / Regional growth drivers of the district : Dhule District consists of 4 talukas which are further divided into 3 agro­ecological situations. The agro­ecological situations dominate the farming system. The district as per agro­climatic situation falls under scarcity zone, assured rainfall zone and transition zone. Scarcity zone includes Dhule, Shindkheda and part of Sakri block assured rainfall comprises part of Shirpur where as transition zone includes western part of Sakri block . There is a minimum change in cropping pattern, but these slight changes have a significant impact on the commodity composition of agriculture Gross Sectorial Domestic Progress (GSDP) . District agriculture remain dominated by food grains (bajra, jawar, maize, rice, nagali etc.) which account for over 2.29 lakh ha (51% ) of cropped area. Cotton crop consist of 0.97 lakh ha (21 %)of the area and pulses, oilseeds , fruit crops, vegetable and other crops contribute to the 1.36 lakh ha ( 28 %) of the total area. Although food grains accounts for 51 % of area they contribute only 16% to the district GSDP. Fruit and vegetable cover only 4% of the area but contributes up to 35 % to the district GSDP. The Government sponsored scheme like NHM and EGS helped in expanding the area under horticulture crops increased production. Horticulture development program is integral part of the Government policy to promote and shift to higher value crops . There has been increase in cotton area in the last 2 to 5 years (7 %) due to involvement of the state Government in the cotton procurement monopoly scheme and introduction of high yielding BT cotton. Kharif groundnut is being overtaken by soybean which is emerging as a single largest oilseed crop in the district, which has helped the farmers to get additional income. Horticulture produce which earlier catered only to the domestic market has now expanded to other markets like Mumbai, Surat, Indore and Delhi. Only 19% of the cultivable area comes under irrigation but with the watershed development program carried out there has been significant increase in the water table which has helped to increase the production and productivity of fruit crops, vegetables and cotton. Sugarcane crop which was discouraged due to requirement heavy irrigation but with the use of irrigation systems like drip has helped to increased its area and productivity . With active participation of Government agriculture department and involvement of farmers organic movement in the district has gradually increased up to 67,500 ha (17 %) out of which 7,000 ha (1.80%) is certified area with 1250 farmers involved.

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NGOs like Samruddhi Farming Ltd., SUPA biotech, Agriculture Graduates Federation & District Organic Farmers Association has helped to create awareness among the farmers about organic farming . Agro Industrial Sector: Agro industrial sector has expanded significantly over the last decade. The gross value output of agro based manufacturing enterprises in the District increased during last decade. This accounted for value addition processing, employment generation in the District. At present textile industry, maize processing, soya processing, oil extraction unit, food grain processing units, milk chilling centers, cashew processing unit fruit processing unit have a sizeable growth in the coming future in the District. Dairy and Poultry Sector Output of major livestock products grew reasonably well during 1990’s.During this period milk, eggs, and poultry and other meats grew at an average rate of about 4 % per year. Output growth was boosted by the government’s program to operate dairy milk schemes .In near future there is emence scope for Dairy and Poultry sector in the Districts. Agricultural Sector The Government of Maharashtra has announced its Agriculture policy which aims at developing the agricultural sector in a sustainable basis by using available resources economically, effectively and in an environmentally sound manner in the District. 1. Strengthening the competitiveness of farmers in the context of the globalization. 2. Preparing action plan for full exploitation of limited irrigation resources. 3. Implementing rural road program. 4. Promoting investments in farm and infrastructure, Facilities for post harvest management, storage, transport, marketing and exports. 5. Improving the system of Agriculture produce marketing. 6. Promoting agricultural development on commercial and industrial lines. 7. Generating both skilled and unskilled employment in the agriculture sector.

The impact of the key policies like government finance through budget and market barrowing investment for expansion of irrigation infrastructure, electricity for agriculture, cooperative dairy processing, horticulture projects, sugar mill and cotton industry which finally leads to agriculture development in the district. The Agriculture development plays important role for quality control in distribution of seed; planting material and other agriculture inputs. Allied sector like Sericulture, Forestry, and Fisheries Apiculture have wide scope for the employment generation in the District.

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1. District Share in Sectoral and Total NSDP of Dhule District Particulars Population % Primary Secondry Tertiary Total 1993/ 02­ 1993/94 02­ 1993/94 02­ 1993/94 02­ 1993/94 02­ 94 03 03 03 03 03 Dhule 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 Western 37.2 36.8 39.4 47.5 29.2 34.3 28.8 29.9 31.2 33.9 Maharashtra Maharashtra 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

2. District Share in Sectoral & Total NSDP of Dhule District Particulars Primary Secondry Tertiary 1993/94 02­03 1993/94 02­03 1993/94 02­03 (26) (26) (22) (21) (22) (17) Dhule 34 21.9 16.8 16.4 49.2 61.7 (III) (I) (II) (II) (II) (II) Western 26.9 23 29.3 26.1 43.8 50.9 Maharashtra Maharashtra 21.3 16.4 31.3 25.8 47.4 57.7 (Figures in the parenthesis indicate the rank of district based on per capita income ) 3. Rank of Dhule district based on total per capita income Rs. Particulars 1993­94 2002­03 Per capita income Rank Per Capita income Rank 6796 30 9344 24 Dhule Western 10344 II 14243 II Maharashtra Maharashtra 12326 ­ 15484 ­ 4. Annual growth rate in per capita income (%) Particulars Primary Secondry Tertiary Growth rate Rank Growth rate Rank Growth rate Rank Dhule 1.33 20 3.28 8 3.60 8 Western 1.83 I 2.32 II 3.62 I Maharashtra Maharashtra 0.34 ­ 0.41 ­ 2.57 ­

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Chapter IV

Development Of Agriculture Sector

4.1 Introduction:

Agriculture is the main occupation of majority people in the district. More than 30 % (5,20,194) people are dependent on agriculture in the various capacities such as owner cultivators, tenant cultivators, non cultivating owners of land and agriculture labour. Though the agricultural economy of the district h as not witnessed basic change in it’s structural frame work it has allowed number of changes in the pattern of crops, methods of farming and inputs. There has been growing tendency in the district to bring more and more land under irrigation and double cropping that kharif followed by rabi / summer .

There has been remarkable changes in the pattern of the crops. Cash crops have attracted the attention of the farmers who are taking cultivation of cotton, sugarcane, onion ,chilies which are more profitable. Consecutively there has been diversion of land from food crops to these crops.

The majority of the cultivators have become conscious of the sincerity and profitability of the improved methods of cultivation. There is greater awareness of the potentiality of green as well as chemical fertilizers. The use of pesticides, insecticides and fungicides has become quite popular.

Persistent efforts of the officials of the agriculture department and various institutions related to agriculture has persuaded the farmers to adopt the improved methods of farming that have brought about salient results. Various training programs and demonstration activities have encouraged farmers to use available chemical fertilizers according to the soil analysis ; and use of hybrid seeds which gives pest resistant and high yields of food grains.

The program of soil and water conservation which was launched in Dhule district has started bearing fruits and helping to increase the ground water level. The program has covered area under various activities., which has helped to retain the fertility of the soil by encouraging soil conservation and retaining soil moisture. It has also helped to maintain the level of sub soilwater.

Agriculture research and education are of primary importance for scientific agriculture. Dhule district has not lagged behind in the these areas. There is an Agriculture college, Agriculture school, KVK, agril. Polyclinic ,biocontroll lab, soil testing lab which undertake research to evolve the varieties and recommend pesticides and insecticides, provide facilities to conduct training. The Agriculture college possesses research laboratory and experimental farms which serves as model to the farmers.

Major Crops Cultivated in kharif season are jowar, bajra, maize, green gram, black gram, tur, soyabean , sesamum, groundnut and cash crop like cotton and sugarcane. Whereas in rabi major crops

32 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule cultivated are wheat, gram, jowar, safflower and in summer season crops like groundnut and bajra are cultivated.

Major fruit crops planted in the district are ber, custard apple, amala , lemon , pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya and banana. The planting technology, supply of material and package of practices are standardized.

During the year 2006­07, total consumption of chemical fertilizers was 106255 m tones as compared to 14941 m tons during year 2005­06.Control institutes and private institutes contributed 70% and 30% respectively in distribution of chemical fertilizers. Among the production of organic matter bio­dynamic compost unit and vermi compost unit contributed 24792 tones of the compost material in Dhule district.

4.2 Land Use Pattern:

Of the important aspect of the district land utilization, agriculture and forest land account for the most. Out of total geographical area 8,063 sq. km, 4.64 lakh ha (63.42%) land was available for cultivation in 2006­07. From the total cultivable area, 78 % area is under net sown and 5.64% area is cultivable more than once about 61 % of edible crops and 39 % non­edible crops are grown in the district from the total cultivable area. Pulses grown on 11 % and cash crops (Sugar cane, cotton) and oilseed crops on 40% of the total cultivable area. Out of total 2.54 lakh ha land is used for food grain, where 40% area is under bajra crop, followed by kharif jowar which is about 15 percent

Graph No. 5 : Land Distribution Pattern in the District

Present land use pattenr

5% 2% 3% cultivble area

29% Forest area fallow land 61% cultivable fallow area not for agri. Use

Present Land use Pattern land use % area area in ha. (lack) cultivble area 61.26 4.49 Forest area 28.51 2.09 fallow land 3.00 0.22

33 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

cultivable fallow 4.91 0.36 area not for agri. Use 2.32 0.17 total Geo. Area 100 7.33

District land which comes under Class II, III, IV, VI accounts for 184139 ha, 192577 ha, 210734 ha, and 145495 ha respectively. The total net sown area in the district is 436159 hectares. More than 80% of the area exclusively comes under rain fed cropping. The total area under kharif crop is 4,23,860 hectares while 59,300 ha land is under rabi and summer crop. According to kharif cropping pattern of district cotton , occupies an area of 96,000 hectares, which is 19.86 % of total cropped area. An area of 3,06,667 hectares (72.35%) comes under food grain crops and vegetable crops are cultivated on 21,193 hectors (5%) . Wheat, jowar, gram , maize, groundnut are some of the important crops grown in the Rabi season. The area under wheat is 17800 hectares (42.58%), which is followed by gram 14500 hectares (34.68%), rabi jowar ­9500 hectares (22.81%). The area under summer groundnut is 12,000 ha. The climate of Dhule district is suitable for fruit crops. Particularly Dhule , Shindkheda , part of Sakri block are having dry climate and rains up to 700 mm. The climate is suitable for fruit crops like mango, pomegranate , grapes, ber , amala , custard apple and guava. The fruit crops like banana, sapota , lime are taken in Shirpur block receiving more than 700 mm rain. The area under fruit crops in the district is 11740 hectare which is about 3 % to the cultivated area. Major vegetables cultivated are onion, chilli, tomoto, brinjal, okra, cowpea and beans. The total area under vegetable crops is 21520 ha which is about 5% of the cultivated area during Kharif.

4.3 Soil Health To know Soil Fertility index the agricultural , department has tested 1,262 samples from four blocks. Ten samples were collected from each village and results were displayed in respective village to promote importance of the soil testing. Results obtained from soil testing are depicted below­

Table : 9 Block wise Average Soil PH, EC and Organic Carbon Content

Sr. Block No of Soil PH EC (ds/m) Organic carbon (%) Samples Acidic Neutral Alkaline Low Medium High Low Medium High analyzed 1 Dhule 424 0 424 0 421 3 0 347 31 0 2 Sakri 319 0 319 0 319 0 0 35 207 9 3 Shirpur 499 0 499 0 499 0 0 58 373 19 4 Shindkheda 20 0 20 0 20 0 0 4 13 0 1262 0 316 0 315 3 0 111 156 7

34 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Table : 10 Block wise Average Available NPK Content in soil

Sr. Block No of Soil Available Nitrogen (kg/ha) Available Phosparus Available Potash (kg/ha) Samples (kg/ha) analyzed Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High 1 Dhule 424 371 26 0 371 26 0 0 206 43 2 Sakri 319 267 18 0 267 18 0 0 103 20 3 Shirpur 499 298 124 0 298 124 0 0 187 100 4 Shindkheda 20 14 6 0 14 6 0 0 3 0 1262 238 44 0 238 44 0 0 125 41

The circlewise soil analysis data on the fertility status of Dhule district is as :

Table : 11 Circle wise Soil Fertility Index

Taluka Circle PH EC ( ds/m) Organic P2O5 K20 carbon % ( kg/ha) (kg/ha) Dhule Dhule 7.91 0.742 1.42 0.99 1.82 Songir 7.63 0.779 1.53 1.06 1.69 Kusumba 7.88 0.893 1.58 1.09 1.72 Pimpri 7.69 0.695 1.62 1.08 1.83 Average ­ 7.77 0.777 1.55 1.05 1.76 Sakri Sakri 7.86 0.726 1.49 1.07 1.77 Pimpalner 7.62 0.696 1.64 1.09 1.82 Mhasdi 7.55 0.823 1.61 1.12 1.86 Nijampur 8.06 0.722 1.48 0.99 1.80 Dahiwel 7.95 0.832 1.69 1.15 1.87 Average 7.808 0.759 1.58 1.08 1.83 Shirpur Shirpur 7.56 0.922 1.52 1.18 1.81 Thalner 7.42 0.879 1.70 1.27 1.99 Arthe 7.73 0.778 1.56 1.20 1.96 Boradi 7.40 0.713 1.63 1.26 1.98 Average 7.52 0.823 1.60 1.22 1.93 Shindkheda Shindkheda 8.13 0.680 1.43 1.10 1.94 Nardana 8.04 0.792 1.48 1.13 1.93 Dondaicha 7.79 0.699 1.46 1.11 1.80 Chimthana 7.83 0.849 1.51 1.14 1.92 Average→ 7.94 0.755 1.47 1.12 1.89

Criteria for Fertility Index Classification of Soil:­ 1) 0.0 to 0.75 = Very low, 4) 1.76 to 2.25 = Moderately high 2) 0.76 to 1.25 = Low 5) 2.26 to 2.75 = High 3) 1.26 to 1.75 = Medium 6) 2.76 to 3.00 = Very high.

According to fertility status of soil in the district, soils were having neutral pH and low electrical conductivity. It is medium in organic carbon content ranging1.25 to 1.75 percent, low available phosphorus from 0.76 to 1.25 and available K20 content is fair to moderately high varying from 1.25 to 2.25. To increase the organic carbon and phosphorus in the soil it is required to provide proportionate doses. It can be seen from fertility status of soil in the district, it is medium in nitrogen content, available phosphate is low and potash content is moderately high.

35 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Micronutrient content status of soils of Dhule district shows very less extent of zinc deficiency which is negligible in Shirpur and Shinkheda tahsils and moderate(16 to 34 %). In Dhule and Sakri tahsils. Table No 3(d) however, extent of iron deficiency is quite large in Dhule and Shirpur.The soil of Shirpur represent the central plateau zone of assured rainfall and the majority of the remaining areas come under scarcity zone. The overall deficiency in the district is low varying from 12 percent in zinc and 46 percent in iron. The soils of Dhule tahsil were also found to be deficient in manganese to the tune of 15 percent.

Table No :12 Micro nutrients status of soils of Dhule districts

Tahsil No of Range* Fe Mn Zn Cu samples Deficiency** Dhule 100 Range 0.80­10.0 2.10­21.30 0.20­2.10 0.50­5.50 Deficiency 75 15 16 ­ Shindkheda 52 Range 0.62­12.60 5.12­53.30 0.70­9.46 0.56­8.40 Deficiency 6 ­ ­ ­ Shirpur 86 Range 1.0­8.0 1.50­30.60 1.20­5.40 o.20­4.60 Deficiency 86 ­ ­ ­ Sakri 93 Range 2.70­28.50 3.43­82.20 0.06­2.56 1.12­12.0 Deficiency 18 ­ 34 ­ Total 331 Range o.62­28.50 1.50­82.20 0.06­9.46 0.50­12.00 Deficiency 46 4 12 ­

* mg kg ­1 ** Percent 4.4 Major crops and varieties grown Cereals: The major cereals in the district are jowar, bajra, wheat, maize and rice. The minor cereal produced in the district is nagli ,bajra being the staple food occupies the first place. Pulses: The pulses could be regarded as complementary food grains, chief among them are Tur, Gram, Green gram, and Udid. On the minor proportion are math, chavli, peas, and val. Oil seeds: The area under oil seeds like groundnut has decreased in the rainy season i.e Kharif. Summer groundnut is preferred when adequate rains are there. Soybean is becoming as important oil seed crop where as sesamum , sunflower and caster are other oil seed crops taken on small scale.

36 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

The following table gives area under various crops grown in the district with important varieties

Table No :13 Various crops grown in the district with important varieties grown.

Crop Present Present ( 2004­07) Varieties used ( 2004­07) Area (ha ) Productivity Kg/ ha Cereals Bajra 130000 900 Shradha, ICTP­8203, ICMV 155, M­ 163, Pro Agro7701, Saburi, Jowar 29000 1360 CSH­5, CHS­9, PKV ­801, Phule (Kharif) yasoda, Bhagya Laxmi 296, Mahabeej 7, Gaytri 296 Maiz 26500 2075 Karveer, Kargil, Maharaja, Pinacle, e Paddy 5600 995 Indrayani, Sahyadri, RH­10, Chiman sal, sukvel Naga 4600 890 Local li Wheat 19400 1650 Lok­1, Chandusi, HD 2189, Kalyan Sona, NIAW­301, NIAW 34, N­59, MACS­9 R.Jowar 9500 948 Selection­3, CSV­14, PKV, Phule Yashoda, Maldandi, Pulses Tur 8400 400 BSMR 736, BSMR­853, AKT­8811, ICPL 87, BDN 1, Geern Gram 19000 623 BMPR­145, Kopargaon 1, Vaibhav, Utkarsha, Tata Udid 7300 690 TAU 1, TPU­4, Sindhkheda 9 Gram 11000 612 Vishal, Vijay, Virat PKV­2 Oil seeds Soyabean 5000 1516 JS 335, PK­1029, MACS­450, Phule Kalyani, K.Groundnut 37000 765 JLT 24, TAG 24,TAG 26, TGP­41 S. Groundnut 12000 1250 SB 11, TAG 24, TAG 26 Castor 300 460 Western 6, Sesamum 9600 367 Phule Til, Gujrat 1, Sunflower 200 450 Modern, EC­ 68414 Cash Crops Cotton 96000 210 H 4, H 10, Ankur Akka, Mallika­207, Banni­145, Nirmal 996, Rashi 2, Kanak, JLH 168, NHH­44, DCH­32, Phule ­492, Sugarcane 14000 68 CO­86032, Co­740, Co­671, Co­94012, Com­0265,

37 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Farming system indicates that cotton is the main cash crop . Cotton and Food grain system is predominant in Dhule and Shindkheda blocks. The Food grain,Sugarcane,dairy farming system is predominant in Shirpur . While Paddy,Vegetable, Dairy and grain crops in Sakri block. The Cotton – Horticulture farming system ( Custard apple, Anola, Ber) is mostly adopted in Dhule – Shindkheda Blocks. whereas Dry land horticulture( Pomegranate)– egetable ( Onion ) – Dairy system is prevalent in western part of Dhule and Sakri Blocks. The Cotton –Food grain farming sytems is widely followed in shirpur block while Sugarcane – Summer Groundnut as well as Banana – Wheat­ diary farming systems are widely adopted particularly in Tapi basin. Mixed cropping system followed in the district are given below – • Cotton – Food grains ( cereals + pulses ) • Cotton – Oilseeds • Cotton – Horticulture • Food grain – Pulses • Food grains­Animal husbandry • Food grain – Dairy ­Vegetable (Onion) • Food grain – Dry land horticulture • Only Food grain Production • Food grain –Sugarcane ­ Dairy • Oilseed – Wheat • Pulses – Foodgrains • Soyabean ­ Rabi Jowar­ Dairy • Paddy ­ Pulses – Animal Husbandry • Paddy –Vegetables­Dairy. • Dry land horticulture­vegetable­Dairy • Chilli – Pulses • Onion – Pulses • Banana­Wheat­ Cotton­Dairy • Sugarcane – Summer Groundnut. 4.5 Input management: Seeds : Among the factor that leads to increase in the agriculture output, seeds occupy an important place. The soil, rainfall, irrigation facility, manures and such factors together help for various growth of the crops. But their total impact upon agriculture production is reduced if the seeds are of inferior quality. The recommendations of appropriate varieties or strains of crops suitable for the district are equally important and cannot be over looked. Such efforts been made by providing the farmers with

38 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule the new improved varieties of seed. The seed replacement ratio in the crops like wheat and gram is also carried out. Crop wise present SRR reflected that there is need to increase it in some of crop which will help to increase the crop production. Season wise total seed requirement of the district is ascertained and accordingly expected seed requirement for coming years from various sources have been chalked out in detail in the plan. Special efforts are being made by the department officials to create a seed bank with the farmers themselves by taking Grambeejotpadan programs on farmers field so that enough seeds would be available in village itself.

Table No :12 Crop wise area and seed requirement of the district

Sr No Name of the crop General area in the Present SRR Seed required districts (ha) % ( Qt)according to area Kharif crops 1 Jowar 35400 93 3072 2 Bajra 135600 96 3969 3 Paddy 5000 15 600 4 Maize 50000 50 4875 5 Tur 9000 34 675 6 Sunflower 350 70 25 7 Groundnut 38000 15 5700 8 Seasamum 11000 12 50 9 Soyabean 4200 73 2362 10 Moog 19500 59 1638 11 Udid 9700 44 540 12 Cotton 75000 80 1932 Rabi and Summer crops 13 Jowar 12000 25 518 14 Wheat 14000 70 10500 15 Gram 20000 16 4050 16 Groundnut 6000 28 1800

Mahabeej and private seed companies supply the seeds required for sowing in the district. Mahabeej supplies nearly 50­60 % seed of notified varieties and 5­10% seed of research varieties for sowing purpose. While rest of the seed requirement is supplied by private seed companies and the farmers who have produced seed through Grambijotpadan program. Fertilizer Consumption : In the year 2006­07, the straight fertilizers like urea, single super phosphate and Murate of potash, Complex fertilizers like DAP and fertilizer mixtures like 10:26:26, 15:15:15, 20:20:0, 12:32:16, and 18:18:10 played major role in fulfilling nutrient requirement of different crops in Dhule district.

39 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Table No: 13 Fertilizer utilization in 2005­06 and 2006­07

Sr. No Name of Fertilizer Quantity of fertilizers use (M.T) Year 2005­06 Year 2006­07 1. Urea 47856 55541 2. Ammonium Sulphate 2589 1801 3. SSP 6910 8619 4. MOP 2737 3946 5. DAP 4506 11159 6. 10:26:26 6017 8037 7. 15:15:15 4177 8082 8. 20:20:20 6645 6100 9. 12:32:16 3354 4506 10. 18:18:10 2752 2095 11. 19:19:19 220 24 Total 87763 109910

The total fertilizer consumption in the year 2006­07 was 1,09,910 M.T., where as it was 87,763 M.T in the year 2005­06.

Table No: 14 N P K Consumption in Dhule District. (M.T.)

Sr. Year (N) (P) (K) 1. 2005­06 268990.94 8344.65 4686.81 2. 2006­07 321490.75 12966.57 6645.58

From the No.14, table it is revealed that the N.P.K consumption had increased in the year 2006­07 as compared to 2005­06. There is about 19.55% increase in the consumption of N, 55.38% increase in the consumption of P and 41.79% increase in the consumption of K in 2006­07 over the preceding year. It is also observed that the application of fertilizers was erratic and has no correlation with the requirement of the crops and recommendations of the soil analysis reports. Hence it is urgency to create awareness among the farmers regarding application of fertilizers as per recommendations of soil analysis reports and actual requirement of the crops using integrated nutrient management techniques. Fertilizers are mostly used for crops like cotton, sugarcane, banana, tomato, chilly and onion. However 70% fertilizer is applied for the cotton and very less quantity for pulses and oil seeds . Due to continuous unbalanced application of chemical fertilizers C:N ratio in the soil of the Dhule district is decreasing rapidly. To overcome this problem, Agriculture Department is taking efforts to enhance organic farming in the district. Due to recent initiatives, production of organic matter

40 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule through biodynamic compost and vermicompost, total 24792 tones of the compost material was produced in the district. Green manuaring practice is also adopted.

4.6 Water Resources and Management River systems and Dams : Dhule district has rivers alive only in monsoon season . Tapi originating from ranges of Gavilgad of Maharashtra is the major river in the district The entire region of the district is drained by tributaries of Tapi river, which are as follows : Tapi rivers­ Arunavati,Aner,Gomati,Vaki,Bori,Panzara,Kan,Burai,Amaravati,Madari,Bhad,Nagan

Table No15 : Dams in the district

Tahsil Name of dam Location of Name of river Capacity(M3) Catchment dam area(Sq.km) Shindkeda Amaravati Malpur Amaravati 27.18 341.09 Shindkeda Sulwade Sulwade Tapi 65.06 521.49 Sakri Jamkheli Nawapada Jamkhel 14.45 90.91 Burai Phophade Burai 21.33 314.04 Sakri Akkalpada Panzara 107.29 1246 Shirpur Aner Ganpur Aner 99.60 1239

The irrigation is also facilitated by 12 medium projects having command area of 98000 ha and 716 minor projects having command area of 67000 ha. Karvand, Malangaon, Chhail, Aner,Burai, Jamkheli, Amravati, Sonwad, Nimna Panzara, Shevadi, Sulvade, are important and are stabilized to provide irrigation water in their command area Akkalpada project is in progress. Watershed Development Dhule district is divided in to 54 mega watersheds according to G.S.D.A pattern. These mega watersheds have been sub­divided in 160 sub watersheds and 1108 micro watersheds covering an area of 727915 ha and 687 villages. (Table 6(a))

Table No. 16 (a) Block wise Major Watershed, Sub and Micro watersheds with Area and Villages Covered.

Sr.No Block Watershed No. Watershed Involved GSDA Sub Micro Area (ha) Villages watershed Watershed Watershed 1 Dhule 14 49 248 195110 170 2 Sakri 17 49 368 246540 227 3 Skindkheda 12 33 233 128883 143 4 Shirpur 11 29 259 157382 147 Total 54 160 1108 727915 687

41 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Problems in Watershed Area • Large scale deforestation causing severe adverse effects on the ecosystem, climate and population. • Widespread soil erosion, overgrazing and inappropriate land use resulting in barren landscapes. • Negligence in adoption of water and soil conservation measures by the farmer in his own field due to lack of knowledge • Excess Ground Water Extraction in comparison to Ground Water Recharge. • No Restoration of existing soil and water conservation treatments. • Lack of land treatments like Land Levelling, Farm Bunding and drainage line treatments in the upper ridges of the watershed. Solutions: • Development of an integrated approach to the problems based on community needs. • Protected afforestration on community land. • Distribution of seedlings to encourage planting on private lands. • Soil and water conservation measures to be adopted from upper ridges to lower ridges. • Capacity building of the village people to adopt soil and water conservation measures in their own fields. • Restoration of existing soil and water conservation treatments. • Pasture improvement through planting pasture grasses. • Need of linking the over flow water from existing dams located in watershed area like Mausam river to Purmepada dam located near Arvi during rainy season from where water should be distributed through canal ( Purame Pada and Kudane Canal ) during rainy season would help in recharging the Ground water table.

42 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Watershed Development in the District : The potential achieved and balance Watershed treatments to be done in 54 mega watersheds is analyzed and given in the Table 6 (b).The total program for the District is to the tune of 284.73 corers for the land covering 7.28 Lakh ha. Table No. 16 (b) Potential, Achieved and Balance Watershed treatments in the District Watershed Works Sr. Proposed Watershed Balanced Watershed Completed up to No Works Works Watershed Activity March 2007 Financial Financial Financial Physical ( Lakhs) Physical ( Lakhs) Physical ( Lakhs) 1 CCT (ha) 1220 154.21 320 21.53 900 132.68 2 Loose Boulders 17577 607.16 1984 97.92 15593 509.24 3 Earthen Band (Minor) 7001 189.02 1617 27.07 5384 161.95 4 Compartment Bunding 38185 2301.32 18 0.56 38167 2300.76 5 Terracing 10872 6913.28 1319 517.46 9553 6395.82 6 Earthen Nala bund 5360 8357.38 3322 4272.61 2038 4084.77 7 Cement Nala Bund 3007 8293.92 1041 2229.6 1966 6064.32 8 Farm Pond 3024 1656.83 141 49.73 2883 1607.10 Total 28473.12 7216.48 21256.64

4.7 Farm mechanization / farm equipments Farm Mechanization plays an important role in the modernization of district agriculture. Mechanization of agriculture requires appropriate machinery for ensuring timely field operations and effective application of various crop production inputs utilizing human, animal and mechanical power sources .In the present circumstances rising rates of wages, depleting population of drought animals coupled with increased cost of their maintenance and unavailability of farm labour during peak seasons have influenced and accelerated the use and application of machines in the farm operations. The capacity of traditional hand tools and bullock drawn implements is much lower compared to improved machinery. This delays farming operations and consequently reduction in the yield if not sown in time. Compared to traditional man and bullock operated implements tractor drawn implements like disc harrow and cultivator etc., cover more area for land preparation .Implements like power threshers, Combine harvester have reduced the time required for processing of food grains ,besides it is cost effective and ecofriendly . It also helps in the reduction of post harvest losses and improvement of quality farm produce by growing crop under controlled environment. Spraying in Cotton, Sugarcane, Paddy,Fruit orchards ,vegetables, oil seeds and pulses has become easy and fast due to availability of machine spray pumps.Adoption of improved local

43 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule implements like Du­chadi seed sowing implement has not only saved but also facilitates regulated application of fertilizer near root zone. Use of long handle wheel hoe and peg type weeders , reduce weeding time. Mechanization of agriculture through group farming contact farming and franchise cultivation will ensure modernization of agriculture and quality farm produce . Table No :17 Availability of Machinery in Dhule district

Sr. Name of Improved Farm Avalibility ( No) No. Implement/Equipment/Machinery Dhule Sakri Shirpur Shindkheda Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Wooden plough 6356 8950 9487 8876 33669 2 Iron plough 7015 9579 3239 7628 27461 3 Bullock Cart 11586 3971 7515 7092 30164 4 Sugarcane crusher 0 4 6 1 11 5 Oil engine 613 0 415 263 1291 6 Electric Pump 5851 4932 3222 5839 19844 7 Tractor 371 313 391 210 1285 8 Tractor Drawn Inplements 1200 1400 1640 1060 5300 9 Sprayers 5065 5065 2975 2660 10700 10 Dusterers 140 127 146 137 550 11 Other bullock Draw implements 27000 20734 28617 26120 102471

Demonstration of Newly Developed Agricultural Equipment at Farmers' Fields For enhancing production and productivity, as well as for reducing the cost of production, the induction of improved / new technology in the agricultural production system is inescapable. Therefore with this aspect in view, the demonstration of newly developed agricultural equipment including horticultural equipment at farmers' fields has been included as a component of the restructured scheme, Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training, Testing and Demonstration, during the eleventh Plan.Seed­cum fertilizer drill,strip­till­drill,raised bed planter, rotavator , reapers, etc. Agriculture University, Rahuri and KVK based in the district in collaboration with agriculture department are providing necessary input to the farmers.

Benefit from the ongoing schemes Apart from the extension, work assistance in the form of subsidy at the rate of 50 percent of the cost with permissible ceiling limits is made available to the farmers for the purchase of agricultural equipment including hand tools, bullock­drawn /power­driven implements, planting, reapers, harvesting and threshing equipment, tractors, power­tillers and other specialized agricultural machines under the centrally sponsored scheme of Macro Management of Agriculture. As on now, District is having 8274 tractors,1200 Power tillers, 30000 tractor­driven implements, 102471 bullock­drawn implements, 15561 self propelled implements, 633674 gender­ friendly equipment, 53435 water lifting devices, 13800 plant protection appliances, and 810 processing units.

44 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

There are some few key concerns with regards to the power operated equipments that impact growth in the sector. Many farmers still lack access to financing, load shading during water requirement by the crop and increasing prices of fuel leading to greater cost of operations.

4.8 Special ongoing programs in the district Agriculture Department : a. Preparation of village wise Soil Fertility Index: By the date attention was given to balanced use of nutrients. Ten samples from each village were given for the soil testing and results were displayed at common place in the village so that each farmer should know importance of soil testing, requirement of nutrients in the soil. In District totally 1262 soil samples from all four blocks have been tested for the soil fertility indices. It is found that 444 samples are having low organic carbon, 950 samples are having low Nitrogen and Phosphorous nutrients. This activity has helped to encourage the farmers for soil testing of his own land and can plan for the total requirement of nutrients in his land. However, other activities have also been carried out to disseminate the knowledge such as training programs on various themes, exposure visit, use of pamplets, etc. District has also taken efforts for the promotion of organic farming and as a result farmers in the district are using organic manure totally on 7142 ha of land. In this plan proposed activities are addressing the nutrient management in the agriculture land. Correcting the distortion in relative prices of primary fertilizers could also help correct the imbalances in the use of primary plant nutrients ­nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and use of bio­fertilizers.

Soil Fertillity Index

8.2 8

s 7.8 e u l

a 7.6 PH v

h 7.4 P 7.2 7

e r ri ri r i r l r r i l gi a p k e d u e u e e d a a a a hu n b m a ln s p w rp ln th ra d n h an o m i S a ha m i i a r o e da ic h D S u P p a ah h h A B k h r a t us m M ij D S T d a d im K i N in N n h P h o C S D

45 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Electirc Condutivity

1 0.9 0.8

0.7 e u

l 0.6 a 0.5 EC V

C 0.4 E 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

r i i r i r l r r i le i a r r e d u e u e e d a a a a u g p k s p w p th a d n h n h n mb m a ln a i ir ln r r e a ic a D o i S a h m h h a A o h rd a th S su P p ja a h B k a d u m M i D S T d n im i N in N o h K P h D S C

Organic carbon Organic carbon

1.75

1.7 n 1.65 o b 1.6 r a 1.55 c 1.5 c i

n 1.45 a 1.4 g 1.35 Or 1.3 1.25

e r a ri ri i r l r r e i a a a l i b er d u u e d a u g p k n s p n th a d n h h n m m a l a p iwe r l r r e a ic an o u i S a h m h i a A h d a th D S s P p a a h h Bo k r d u M D S T d a n im K im Nij in N h P h Do C S

46 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

P2O5

1.4 1.2 1

5 0.8 0

2 P2O5

P 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

i e ir a ri ri r r l r r e i a a a a l g b k e d u e u e h d n h n u p a n s p w p n a d a c n m m l a i ir l r e i a Dh o u i S a h m h h a Art o h rd a th S s P p M ja a S h B k a d i D T d N n im Ku im N in o h P h D C S

K20

2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.85

0 1.8 2 K20

K 1.75 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 1.5

i i i le ir a ri r r r l r r e a a a a g b p k e d u e u e h d d n h n u a n s p p n t ra a c a n m m l a iw ir l r e d i Dh o u i S a h m h h a A o h r a th S s P p M ja a S h B k a d i D T d N n im Ku im N in o h P h D C S b.Organic Farming The increase in application of chemical fertilizers in turn has led to increasing the debts with the soil reaching saturation and yield becoming poor. As a result poor farmers found themselves tangled in debits, farmers are unable to repay loan. Some factors which contribute to the risk includes high input cost, monocropping , market price fluctuation, pest and disease, unpredictable whether and insufficient water for irrigation. Against this background

47 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule organic farming seems to be the only solution to rescue the farmers from present vicious. Organic farming requires no external inputs and all the necessary items required for cultivating the crop are present on the farm itself. Currently there are about 1250 organic farmers in the district. Compared to the chemical farming, organic farming is economical as there is minimum input cost.The cultivated crop is healthy and free from toxic residues which is affecting human health. The main aim of organic agriculture is to establish an ecological balance with nature.It takes as a protective approach towards the environment as against treating the problems after emergence. The pioneer efforts of organic farming were made by farmers in Dhule district by the initiative of Agriculture Department .Organic farming is a welcome alternative due to reduction in cost of cultivation,quality and food safety ,reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, etc. For meeting the nutrient requirements of crops organic measures like use of Bijamrut, Jivamrut,Panchagavya Bio­dynamic compost, vermicompost ,green manuring crops, vermiwash, Biofertilizers like Rhizhobium, Azatobactor, Azhospirilum, Phosphate Solublizing bacteria etc. proved beneficial in sustainable agriculture in addition to maintaining health. Use of insect traps like Yellow sticky traps, light traps, Feroman traps, T shaped bird preeheafe plays an important role in pest management. Also the biological insecticides like Dashparnark,neem seed kernel extract, Jinger –Chilly­Garlic extract, garlic – chilly extract, Garlic – neem extract played important role in minimizing pest population. Use of parasitic insects like Trichograma Chillonise, is useful in minimizing lepidopteral specis and shoot fly population. In recent years use of various fungi like Beviria Basiana, Metarihizium anisopli, Verticillium Lecane, Nomuria ryle, found very effective in limiting pest count. Also seed treatment with Trichoderma viridi which is a fungi, provides important protection to crops from different diseases. All these measures proved very effective in pest control besides maintaining ecological balance. Table No :18 Organic farmers in Dhule district and area covered under certification

Sr.No Block No.of Villages Block Area (Acre) 1. Dhule 58 3320 2. Shindkheda 20 3310 3. Sakri 15 1405 4. Shirpur 68 6115 Total 161 14150

Organic farming is a successful movement in Dhule district involving 1250 farmers in organic certification from 161 villages covering 14150 acre area. Crops like Bajra, Jowar, Cotton, Soyabean, Green gram, Groundnut. Tur , Wheat, Gram Sesamum , Cowpea, rice, Horse gram, Onion, Chili, Papaya are grown under organic farming in the district and specially efforts are being put in by the Agriculture department for selling the farmer’s produce by organizing events like Wheat Mahostava, and tying up with ICS agency like Samrudhi Shaswat farming, Dhule.

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Table No :19 Sale of organic cotton

Sr.No Year Cotton Sold Average Premium Achieved by farmers Qtl Market rates 1 2004­05 1700 Rs.2200/­ 6% Premium 2 2005­06 4500 Rs.2200/­ 10% Premium 3 2006­07 7500 Rs.2400/­ 15% Premium 4 2007­08 12500 Rs.2850/­ 15% Premium

In the year 2007­08 certified cotton producer farmers achieved 15% more premium over prevailing market rates. Also Organic wheat exhibition and sale provided on an average Rs. 400­500 more to the producer farmers than the prevailing market rates. Table No :20 Sale of organic wheat

Sr No Year Variety Wheat sold Market rates Premium Rs/Qt ‘Qn’ ‘Rs/Qn’ 1 2004 ­ 05 Lokvan 500 900 NIAW­34 150 900 Chandoshi 200 1200 Total 850 2 2005 – 06 Lokvan 800 1100 NIAW­34 200 1100 10 % of the market Chandoshi 300 1400 rate for first year Total 1300 and 15 % of market rate for second year 3 2006 ­ 07 Lokvan 1000 1200 conversion NIAW­34 250 1200 Chandoshi 450 1600 Total 1700 4 2007 – 08 Lokvan 1400 1400 NIAW­34 250 1900 Chandoshi 450 2000 Total 2100

The district is endowed with retentive black soils and thus large portion represent kharif­Rabi cropping pattern Cotton ,Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Mung, Udid, Redgram ,Groundnut, Sunflower, Soybean, Sesamum are major kharif crops grown in the district. While wheat, gram, safflower, dominate the rabi, Sugarcane is also one of the important cash crop grown in the district. Horticultural crops, such as Pomogrante, ber, fig, guava, tamarind and papaya. A wide range of vegetables viz, tomato, brinjal,

49 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule chillies, cabbage, cauliflower,leafy vegetables are produced in bulk and marketed within the district and out side the district. C.Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) : ATMA brings together researchers , extension workers, farmers and other stakeholders including NGOs, co­operative and private sector to introduce innovations in technology dissemination matching to local needs and situations. ATMA was mandated to develop the demand, situation specific multifactor oriented strategic research and extension plan to accelerate agriculture development in the project district. The ATMA is useful methodology for addressing research and extension issues based on the farmers need. The ATMA comprehensively covers planning, operational, implementation , monitoring and evaluation. D.National Horticulture mission ( NHM ) National Horticulture mission has been implemented in Dhule district since 2006­07. To promote holistic growth of horticulture sector covering fruits and vegetables flowers, mushrooms, spices and aromatic plants.The Central Government has provided 100 percent assistantance in the Tenth plan. a)The main objectives of this scheme are as to provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies which include research , technology promotion , extension , post harvest management, processing and marketing ,in consonance with comerative advantage of each state / region and its diverse agro­ climatic feature. b) To enhance horticulture production, improve nutrional security and income support to farm household . c)To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on going and planned programme for horticulture . d) To promote , develop and disseminate technology through seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge . e) To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons , especially unemployed youth . E.National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ): To increase the production of rice, wheat and pulses the National Development Council has launched a centrally sponsored scheme National Food Security Mission in the country in which Dhule district has been selected . In last year 2007­08 program newly launched in district on piolot basis. Main objective of this mission : 1. Increasing production of wheat through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable farm level. 2. Resorting soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level. 3. Creation of employment opportunities. 4. Enhancing Farm level economy to restore confidence amongst the farmer.

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F.Maharashtra water sector improvement project ( MWSIP ) World Bank of assist of MWSIP (Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project) is an irrigation department scheme, agriculture Support Service is one of the components which is carried out by Department of Agriculture. The scheme has been introduced in the year 2006­07. Objectives : 1) Improvement of water user association Order (KVM) Krishi Vidyan Mandal. 2) Training of farmers through faster trainer and extension service provider. 3) To conduct Demonstration of improved technology. 4) Strengtheaic of Agro polyclinic and district training Centre. 5) Development of agril. Business through different projects. 6) To introduce innovative project. G.National Horticulture Mission (N. H. M.) National Horticulture Mission (NHM) has been implemented in Dhule district for 2006­07. To promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits and vegetables,Mushrooms, Spices and aromatic plants. The central government provided 100 % assistance to the items mission during Tenth plans, during the XI plan, the Government of India assistance will be 85 % with 15% contribution by the state government. Objectives of Scheme To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through at area hased. Regionally differentiated strategies which include research, technology promotion, extension post harvest management processing and marketing in consonance with comparative advantage of each state region and its diverse agro climate factors. 1) To enhance horticulture production, improved nutritional security and in case support to farm household. 2) To promote, develop and discussion technology through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge. 3) To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and skilled persons especially unemployed youth. H.Micro irrigation scheme: The scheme is being implemented in the district to increased the crop productivity & micro irrigation where water availability is less and for efficient use of water. The farmer who installs drip or sprinkler system in his farm is benefited up to 50 % of the installed system cost .Out of which 80 % of the cost is beard by Central and 20 % by State Government.Three important aspect have been included in the scheme 1. To increase area under micro irrigation 2. Human resource development 3. Drip irrigation demonstrations

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Other Centrally and State sponsored schemes which are implemented for increasing the production and to benefit the farmers in the district are as follow: • Centrally sponsored intensive cotton production technology cotton mission program. • Centrally sponsored Maize development program . • Centrally sponsored Pulses development program. • Centrally sponsored Sugarcane based sustainable sugarcane development program. • Centrally sponsored Oil seed development program. • Agriculture inputs seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and farm equipment distribution through Agriculture Development Officer, ZP. • A Self employment guarantee program. • Employed Guarantee scheme for horticulture development. • Women’s role in agriculture.. • Schemes for food processing. • Integrated watershed development program.

I. Krishi Vigyan Kendra: KVK is functioning at Dhule under the control of MPKV, Rahuri on campus and off campus training program on various aspects of technology are organized by KVK in the district. The KVK is best centre for transfer of technology to the farmers. Frontline demonstration and Lab to land program demonstrations are taken at farmers fields. The KVK is also best training center for Training of Facilitator.(TOF) 4.9 Constraint Analysis 4.9.1 Reasons for Yield gap CEREALS, PULSES AND OILSEED CROPS • Erratic nature of rainfall and lack of in–situ moisture conservation techniques. • Low seed replacement ratio with improved varieties • Lack of seed treatment • Improper plant population • Mostly sown in light soil • Improper use of fertilizers ( on the basis of fertility index) • Shortage of protective Irrigation facility CASH CROPS Cotton • Cultivation of Cotton in light soils • Selection of non recommended varieties for cultivation.

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• Low plant population (wider spacing) • Non judicious use of fertilizers ( on the basis of fertility index) • Lack of Integrated Pest Management • Heavy cost involved in pest management • Limited area under drip irrigation • Improper crop rotation resulting in nutritional problems and pest complex • Undulating prices in market Sugarcane • Improper selection of seed material. • Lack of seed treatment. • Reduced soil health due to heavy irrigation • Limited use of improved planting techniques (Jod oal /patta paddhat) • Negligence in plant protection (white fly, wooly aphid) • Improper use of recommended fertilizer doses. • Electricity load shading • Timely unavailability of laborers. HORTICULTURE Pomegranate • Improper bahar treatment • Improper nutritional and water management • Aril blackening • Wilt and oily spot disease problem Custard Apple • Stone fruit formation • Low yield as flowers exhibits both dichogamy and protogynus nature • Lack of update knowledge of training and pruning • Lack of high yield potential varieties • Lack of nutritional management Amala • Lack of adoption of suitable varieties • Lack of nutritional management • Fruit necrosis and stem borer problem • Low yield due to lack of pollination Ber • Lack of develop high yield potential varieties having sweet and sour test.

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• Lack of update knowledge of training and pruning • Powdery mildew problem • Lack of nutritional management Citrus • Improper bahar treatment • Improper nutritional and water management • Black mildew and citrus canker problem • Lack of update knowledge of training and pruning Vegetables • Selection of proper varieties according to season • Improper management of disease and pest • Undulating prices in market

4.9.2 Research / Extension / Adoption • Proper emphasis on adoption of organic farming is not done. • Lack of electronic and audio­visual aids facilities for ground level extension workers. • Overload of work due to insufficient departmental staff and increasing no of schemes . • Frequent up gradation of technology is not done. • Transfer of Scientific messages from universities to farmers is not happening. • Lack of interest in farmers level to adopt new technology. 4.9.3 Processing / Storage / Marketing Unwillingness from the farmers for cooperative approach in processing and marketing. • Non availability of small storage structures • Charges for availing existing storage facilities not affordable to marginal and small farmers. • Lack of processing facilities at ground level. • Unwillingness among the farmers towards grading and packaging due to fluctuating market prices. • All the facilities are not available at market place. (Rest house, weighs, proper logistic, rate display board, storage facilities etc.)

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4.10 Recommended interventions with action plan and expected outcome

Baseline Projection During 5 year 2006­07 INTERVENTIONS FOR NEXT FIVE (Productivity Kg/ha) Sr Sector Prodctivity YEARS ( Kg/ha) 2007­08 2008­09 2009­10 2010­11 2011­12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kharif ( Cereals crops ) 1 Bajra 890 • Promote in­situ moisture conservation technique like Contour 130000 (ha) farming and dead furrow opening. ( 13000 ha) • Use of Brine solution (30%),Bio fertilizers and fungicide for seed treatment.(33000 ha) • Sowing of high yielding improved and hybrid varieties like Shanti , 915 938 962 986 1010 Shradha, Saburi , ICTP­8203, ICMV­155. ( 220 ha) • Use of protective irrigation for yield stabilization. (1300 ha) • Organization of trainings and demonstration regarding improved integrated crop production. ( 220 ha) 2 Kharif 1300 • Promotion of high yielding hybrids Jowar and improved varieties with good 29000(ha) grain and fodder quality like CSH­ 9,CSH­5,PVK­801,PVK – 400. ( 500 ha)

• Use of Brine solution ( 30 %), Bio fertilizers and fungicide for seed treatment. ( 10000 ha)

• Use of Organic Manures and fertilizer as per soil analysis. ( 3000 ha ) 1333 1366 1400 1435 1471

• Use of I PM (500 ha)

• Promoting mixed / intercropping of leguminous crops like Udid, Soyabean through Crop Demonstrations . ( 50 ha)

• Provision for protective Irrigation. ( 300 ha) .

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3 Kharif 1957 • Use of high yielding improved and Maize hybrids. Varieties like 26500 ( ha ) Karveer,Kargil,Maharaja. ( 120 ha) • Aopt dibbling method at spacing 60 X 20 for early and 75X20 for late varieties. (120 ha ) • Use of Bio fertilizers and fungicide 2006 2056 2107 2160 2214 for seed treatment.( 7800 ha ) • Use of Zinc Sulfate for better grain filling.(120ha) • Organization of trainings/demonstration regarding improved integrated crop production.(120 ha) 4 Nagli 890 • Use of improved high yielding and Finger local varieties.(100 ha) millet 3500 ( ha ) • Promotion of Grambeejotpadan (100 ha) • Promotion of seed treatment. (1000 ha) • Organization of trainings/demonstration regarding 912 935 958 982 1007 improved integrated crop production. ( 20 ha ) • Promotion of Value addition techniques. • processing for good returns. ( 100 ha )

Rabi ( Cereals crops ) 5 Wheat 1450 • Use of improved high yielding varieties and promotion of aestivam specis for increased market 17800 (ha) prices.Varieties like HD­ 2189,NIAW­301, NIAW­34. ( 500 ha ) • Timely sowing before 1486 1523 1561 1601 1641 15th November. ( 5000 ha) • Seed treatment with Bio fertilizers and fungicide. ( 5000 ha) • Use of proper fertilizer doses on the basis of soil analysis. (500 ha ) • Adequate irrigation facility to ensure good yields (500 ha ) 6 Rabi 948 • Encouraging farmers for adoption of Jowar high yield hybrids and improved 9500(ha) varieties with good grain and fodder quality. Varieties Like Selection­3, CSV­14, PKV, Phule Yashoda. ( 50 ha) 972 996 1021 1046 1073 • Use of Brine solution ( 30 %) , Bio fertilizers and fungicide for seed treatment.( 3000 ha) • Promoting intercropping of crops like Safflower, Gram ( 50 ha)

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Kharif (Pulses) 7 Tur 590 • Use of high yielding Varieties ­ (Red BSMR­36, BSMR­853,AKT­8811 Gram) 8400 (Ha) ( 100 ha) • Seed replacement up to 30 % for good yield potential. (2400 ha) • Proper seed rate ensuring optimum plant population (75000 plants/ ha). • Use of Bio fertilizers, fungicide and Trichoderma for seed treatment. 614 638 664 690 718 ( 2800 ha) • Promotion of Integrated Nutrient Management. ( 2800 ha) • Increasing area under cultivation through intercropping with Maize, Jowar, Soyabean and Groundnut. ( 2800 ha)

8 Mug 600 • Use of high yielding varieties (Green Utkarsha ,Vaibhav , BPMR­ Gram) 145,Kopergaon­1.( 200 ha) 19000(ha) • Seed replacement up to 30 %. . ( 6000 ha) • Proper seed rate ensuring optimum plant population (333333 plants/ ha). 624 649 675 702 730 • Use of Bio fertilizers,fungicide and Trichoderma for seed treatment. ( 6000 ha) • Timely control of powdery mildew and taking preventive measures with dusting of sulfur. ( 200 ha) 9 Udid 640 • Use of high yielding varieties like (Black TPU­4,TAU­1 . ( 100 ha ) Gram) 7300 (ha) • Seed replacement up to 30 %. • Proper seed rate ensuring optimum 666 692 720 749 779 plant population (333333 plants/ ha). • Use of Bio fertilizers,fungicide and Trichoderma for seed treatment. ( 2400 ha ) Rabi (Pulses) 10 Gram 870 • Use of certified seed with proper seed (Bengal rate ensuring optimum plant Gram) 14500 (ha) population (333333 plants/ ha). • Promotion of Varieties like Vijay,Vishal,Virat, PKV­2 ( 500 ha) • Use of Bio fertilizers,fungicide and Trichoderma for seed treatment. ( 4200 ha) 905 941 979 1018 1058 • Use of Organic Manures and fertilizer as per soil analysis and recommendations through demonstration .(100ha) • Use of Integrated pest management ( 4200 ha)

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Oil seeds (Kharif) • Use of high yielding varieties like 11 Soya 1410 JS­335, DS ­228 ( 500 ha ) bean • Use of Bio fertilizers,fungicideand 5000 (ha) Trichoderma for seed treatment. ( 1600 ha ) • Use of Organic manures and fertilizers as per soil analysis through demonstration ( 1600 ha) 1466 1525 1586 1650 1715 • Proper use of Phosphatic fertilizers. (1600 ha ) • Use of Sprinkler system to overcome dry spell. ( 100 ha ). • Use of Integrated Pest Management. ( 1600 ha) • Seed replacement with improved 12 Ground 647 K varieties nut SB XI, TAG­26,TAG­24 ( 300ha ) (Kharif) 37000 (ha) • Use proper seed rate ensuring optimum plant population (2.2 lakh plants/ ha). ( 12500 ha ) 1310 S • Use of Bio fertilizers, fungicide and Trichoderma for seed treatment. 12000(ha) ( 12500 ha) 673 700 728 757 787 • Promotion of sprinkler Irrigation System to over come dry spell . ( 300ha K,100 ha S ) • Proper use of Phosphatic fertilizers. 1362 1417 1474 1533 1594 • Use of Micro Nutrient and Gypsum. ( 12500 ha ) • Use of plastic mulching technique in summer season. ( 35ha S ) • Increasing area through border, mix and inter cropping with cotton and cereals. ( 300ha S,100 ha S )

Cash Crop • Use of high yielding and improved 13 Cotton 160 variety having long staple. Varieties like JLH­168, NHH­44,Banni­ 145,Malika­207,Mahyco­6918 96000 (ha) • Increasing the plant population by close planting. (50000 ha ) • Use of Bio fertilizers ,fungisides and Trichoderma for seed treatment. ( 35000 ha ) • Use of Organic Manures and 166 173 180 187 195 fertilizer as per soil analysis and recommendations.(440 ha ) • Application of Fe, Mg, Zn, Sulphate for controlling reddening . ( 440 ha ) • Promotion of intercrops viz.green gram,black gram,Soyabean , cow pea as trap crop.(6000 ha) • Use of Micro Irrigation ( 2000 ha )

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• Use of Integrated Pest Management. (50000 ha) • Clean picking and storage for good price. (10000ha ) • Promotion of Community Farm Pond for protective irrigation. ( 400 ha ) • Use of high yielding varieties with 14 Sugar 64 ton good recovery like Co –0265, Co­ Cane 86032, • Co­94012.Co­8014. ( 4200 ha ) 14000 (Ha) • Seed treatment with Acetobactor (4200 ha) • Use of Organic Manures and fertilizer as per soil analysis and 67 69 72 75 78 recommendations. ( 4200 ha ) • Promotion of Drip Irrigation (1500 ha) • Promotion of inter crop like potato, gram and vegetables etc. ( 2000 ha ) • Use of Integrated Pest and Nutrient Management. ( 4200 ha )

Fruit plants • Timely training and pruning. 14 Ber 14 • Integrated Pest Management for 15 16 17 18 19 Fruit borer and Powdery Mildew. • Integrated Nutrient Management • Proper Bahar treatment. 15 Custard 9 • Timely harvesting, grading and apple packaging. 10 10 11 11 12 • Use of value addition techniques like pulp making. • Use of Growth Harmone • Plant selected varieties viz., Krishna, 16 Amala 12 Kanchan • Drip irrigation 13 13 14 15 16 • Promotion of processing and mrketing.

• Timely training and pruning 17 Lemon 15 • Bahar treatment • Integrated Nutrient management. • Drip Irrigation. . 16 17 18 19 20 • Rejuvenation of old orchards • Planting of Lemon in calcium free soils. • Integrated Crop Management. 18 Pomegr 15 • Promotion of drip Irrigation anate Management. • Proper grading and packing for good price. 16 17 18 19 20 • Use of apiculture to enhance fruit setting. • Promotion of Processing and Marketing

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• Rejuvenation of Old Plantations 19 Mango 8 • Plantation in lime free soils. • Use of Improved Varieties • Proper Bahar Protection for 8 9 10 10 11 mango hoppers. • Integrated Crop Management • Promotion of Drip Irrigation Marketing and Processing Facilities • Proper Bahar treatment. 20 Guava 20 • Integrated Crop Management • Promotion of Drip Irrigation 21 22 24 25 27 • Promotion of Marketing and Processing Facilities.

• Planting of mosaic free seedlings 21 Papaya 16 • Use of Integrated Crop Management • Use of Boron for best fruit quality. • Promoting Drip Irrigation. 15 16 17 18 19 • Adjust planting period with market requirement to get best market prices. • Use of tissue culture seedlings for 22 Banana 15 uniform and disease free plants • Integrated Crop Management • Promotion of Drip Irrigation • Use of Mulching • Promotion of Marketing and 16 17 18 19 20 Processing Facilities. • Clean cultivation and use of proper preventive control through systemic fungicide for Sygatoka disease.

Vegetable crops • Use of certified high yielding 23 Onion 18 varieties like …….. • Growing of healthy seedlings on raised bed. • Seed treatment with fungicides for wilt disease and use of biofertilizer. • Integrated Pest and Nutrient 19 20 21 23 24 Management • Use of micro sprinklers. • Promotion of improved Onion storage Structures for Marketing and Processing Facilities.

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• Use of high yielding and indigenous 24 Chilly 4.5 varieties having good pungency with red colour. • Use of healthy seedling. • Use of Bio fertilizers and Trichoderma for seed treatment. • Use of Growth hormones to control flower rop. 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 • Use of recommended split doses of fertilizers. • Use of micro irrigation system. • Use of Integrated Crop Management. • Promotion of Marketing and Processing facilities particularly chilli powder.

4.11 Researchable Issues Reduction in input cost : With the aim of increasing the yields the farmers are being forced in to debts .For increasing his yield, more high cost seed, excess use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is used by him. With the soil saturation the yield have been poor which results in to crop failure and mounting debts. The current agriculture scenario is depressing .Production cost is high, while selling cost is low. If the farmer moves on the some other options of farming like organic farming and apply the use of Integrated Pest Management and Integrated Nutrient Management where he does not have to apply external inputs and all the necessary items required for cultivating the crops are present in the farm itself and it reduces the input cost thereby minimizing the farmers dependency on fertilizers and pesticides. Contract farming with corporate sectors: With the entry of several corporate into agriculture scenario, today’s shopping has become a status symbol. Many of the corporate are approaching to the farmer’s doorsteps for buying their produce, some thing that the farmers had never expected. Till now the farmer had been forced to sell his produce at weekly market. He is being exploited by traders, middlemen and money lenders. He is paid a price which may be minimum or low for his produce and he can not bargain or argue. Corporate entry into agriculture would find answer that has been troubling the farmer for long that is proper and affordable prices for his produce. With the contract farming farmer will be able to access towards better facilities of transports, grading and handling. He will not be affected by the sudden price fall in the market as the corporate are capable of undertaking risk and can face financial losses than small and medium farmers. The big companies can buy the produce or on contract basis guarantying to pay prevailing market prices. In order to ensure full participation of high value crop should be brought under contract farming.

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Under the contract farming the farmer has not to worry about the marketing of the produce. The produce is lifted by contract companies from the farms. The contract farmers get help in getting loans from banks for seeds, equipments etc. Also constant supervision on farmers field is done by the staff of the company. Mechanization in the agriculture: By mechanization we mean that various farming operations that were being done manually are now being done with the help of machines. Mechanization has become necessity because of various circumstances such as with the increase of urbanization and development of industries. Around bigger towns farm labour has migrated to bigger areas , resulting in shortage of particularly in the peak season period .The cost of manual labour is steadily increasing as the farmer is switching over the multi­crop agriculture .The time available for completing the various farm jobs is less. The implements are of various kinds of numerous and the size of the implements as per the source of power available. Each crop may require its own peculiar implements. At the same time the cost of the implements is also varying according to availability and mode of work carried out e.g. the harvester which gathers crops, threshed into separate the grains from the straw and finally collects clean grains in hopper which is then transferred to accompanying the tractor trailer . Such machinery which is very much useful to the farmers but can not be afforded by an individual / small /medium farmers Hence it is necessary to have a machinery like this which is cost effective and can be operated on a small land holding. This also goes in form other implements and machinery. Market Infrastructure : Due to poor efficiency in the marketing channel, marketing of farmer`s produce has significant consult. It is not only the cause of high and fluctuating market prices but also a cause farmer getting less prices. The producer and the consumer get a poor deal and the middle man control the market but does not add much to the value of the produce. Improved infrastructure is the need of of the hour. Infrastructure like storage facilities (cold room ),loading and weighing facilities should be provided. Retail Marketing : With rising incomes, organization and changing life style, consumer’s expectations are rising. Food sector is yet to expand potentially. Changing food habits demand for processed ready to cook, ready to eat, convenience food , packaged preferably branded food. Retailing of agriculture produce may help bring about transformation in the farming sector by attracting private investment to improve production, productivity and quality. Retail marketing will also improve the marketability of the farm produce and generate better prices. This will result in establishment of backward linkages with agriculture and food processing by beginning with better quality, primary grading / sorting and handling. Logistic: Produce of the farmers reaches the consumer after a long travel and thus indulge the farmer into heavy transport cost and the same on the consumer. Successful farming operations revolve around

62 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule getting the right amount of the right products to the right market at the right time in the most economical way which is only possible if the farmers have a proper logistic sources at his door step. The farmers face a heavy loss just because he is not able to transport his produce to the distance market in a proper way or in time. A cost effective and ready logistic facility is a much needed if the farmer has to get a better price for his produce. Agriculture insurance Agriculture insurance is one of the most efficient and effective risk management tool for managing various risks in agriculture .Large number of agriculture land is impacted by variation in rainfall. Rural and agriculture insurance is largely unexplored field and enormous opportunities. The existing crop insurance scheme is not even convey all the lone farmers let alone the huge numbers of non lone medium and large farmers spread across. Only limited numbers of crops and areas are notified .Publicity and awareness program to educate the farmers about the schemes by the insurance company and benefit of having insurance cover for their crops. Credit structure The farmers usually utilized all type of loan for non productive purpose but he could not repay installments within the period. Hence it is necessary to overcome this serious problem, the credit institutes and agencies should pay attention to lone farmers as they utilize loan at correct path or not. Also Government agencies should attentive about fixed time for recovery of loans which is supplied for various development. Government agencies should emphasis to disbursement credit for various small unit to Self Help Groups . If S.H.G has get credit within time it could be better to grow up them .

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CHAPTER V ALLIED AGRICULTURE SECTORS 5.1 INTRODUCTION Agriculture being the back bone, other sectors also form important part in mobilizing the economy of the district. Extension of the plantations and orchard is made possible by horticulture development .Also National Horticulture Mission is expanding the facilities for enhancing production, irrigation facilities and processing for horticultural development in the district. Animal husbandry is important subsidiary occupation available to the farmers comprising of rearing of milch animals, poultry for eggs and chicken production, sheep for wool production and goat for mutton production. The animal husbandry in district is mainly based on local breeds and traditional methods of management. At present sericulture development in district is almost negligible and there is wide scope for its expansion. Fishery in the district is mainly in inland ponds , water spread areas with traditional boats and nets presently operating in the district. Soil and water conservation work in district is done on the watershed development basis with ridge to valley approach. At present there is 28.50% forest area in the district with uneven distribution in different blocks. In this situation social forestry development has important role to play in expanding forest area in the district. The rural industries in the district are least developed and there is scope for expansion through inclusion of processing units. All these sectors are very important and they need to be strengthened economically and infrastructurally for socio­economic development of Dhule district. 5.2 HORTICULTURE Horticulture cultivation is still minimum and mostly adopted by small and marginal farmers. Hence horticulture is being promoted as alternative for field crop under various govt. schemes fore agriculture diversification. EGS and NHM has helped in increasing the area under horticulture plantation as it oppose incentives like 100 % subsidies on the plants and inputs. Horticulture plays an important role in the growth as it contribute forth place in the agriculture GDP of the district. Government is also giving subsidies to farmers for installment of new technologies like drip / micro irrigation, green houses and hybrid technologies for providing the much needed push to the growth of horticulture. Vegetable cultivation is till minimum & its full potential as not been exposed. Floriculture has also not part of in a big way. The district was always production of chills and fruit corps like amala, clustered apple, but now it has established itself in the production of fruit crops like pomogrante, mango and citrus. Horticulture commodity fruit plants grown in the district are mango (1200 ha), pomegranate (2450 ha),guava (740 ha),ber (2550 ha),custard apple (970 ha),lime (500 ha),banana (1570ha),papaya (500 ha), amala (500 ha) and others (760 ha).The total area under fruits crops in the district is 11740 ha which is about 3 % to the cultivated area. Considering the opportunities and available resources it is targeted that area under horticulture to be increased from 11740 ha to 18700 ha.

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5.3 Animal Husbandry The present bovine population of the district is 10.75 lakh ,out of which the total population of cows and bullock is 386774 which is 35.97 percent. The buffalo and he buffaloes are 1,15,364 in number i.e. 10.93 percent. The population of poultry birds is 4.79 lakhs. There are 447 dairy co­ operative societies registered in the district. The total milk processing capacity of district under Government is 1.20 lakh liters perday and that of Co­operative sector is 1.80 lakh liters per day. However as private milk business is operating systematically and farmers are able to get good prices and farmers prefer to provide milk to private sector than Government / cooperative milk centers. Collection of milk is limited in Government /Co­operative sector. To increase the milk production in the district it is essential to introduce high milking breeds. Presently villagers are having traditional cows that can yield only to meet out the daily milk requirement of the family. District is having favorable condition to produce more fodder. Farmers are doing traditional dairy business and hence it is important to make vision for doing commercial dairy business. The present scenario of animal productivity is given below

Table No: 20 Animal productivity

Sector Present (2006­07) Future ( 2012 ) Productivity Productivity Animal Husbandry Milk ( lakh liters per day) 2.54 3.21 Poultry Production( lakh eggs per year) 9.30 9.86 Wool ( lakh kg wool per year ) 0.91 0.96 Fisheries ( m t ) 1590.00 1685

5.4 Fisheries The total area under fisheries in Dhule district is 4,143 ha,which is inclusive of inland ponds. All major irrigation structures are having good facilities for the development of fisheries. Total length of the 8 main rivers in district is 485 km. Total fish production is 870 MT out of which 240 MT is in Shirpur, 51 MT in Shindkheda, 390 MT in Sakri and 270 Mt in Dhule. There are 49 fishery societies having 3466 members engaged in fishery business. Block wise present fishery societies in the district are as follows:

Table No: 21 Present status of Fishery societies

Block No of Societies No of members Dhule 26 1785 Sakri 13 1018 Shirpur 07 510 Shindkheda 03 153 Total 49 3466

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To increase fish production and supply of quality fish seed stock, Department of Fishery has introduced fish seed rearing unit at Mukti (Nakane). Low fish production occurres due to poor management of feed. To increase more fish production in the district it is essential to introduce high stocking of fish seed. Fisher man introduces only 10 to 20 thousand of fingers instead of 1 lakh fingers per ha. Major fish seed stocks like Katala, Rohu, Mrugal are introduced in district. The present scenario of fish production is given below : Table No: 22 Fish production

Sr. No Title 2006­07 2011­12 1 Fish Production ( in MT) 870.00 2128 2. Cost of Production to producer (in lakh) 217.00 533 3. Fish Seed (in lakh) 64.00 94 5.5 Watershed The main components implemented so far under this program are soil and water conservation, water resource development, dry land farming, aforestation, agro­horti development, horticulture development, theme based training programs, exposure visits etc. Main activities undertaken for soil and water conservation are earthen dam, check dam, earthen embankment, farm pond, CCT, loose boulder farm bunding etc. Total 727915 ha area of 687 villages have been proposed under the watershed development program. Impact observed due to the intervention of watershed activities helping at greater extent in increasing ground water level, reducing drinking water problem of the community, increasing crop production, green canopy, farmers are adopting crop rotation, change in cropping pattern, organic farming, area under vegetable cultivation, minor irrigation practices etc. 5.6 Social Forestry In the district out of total geographical area, 208890 ha (28.50%) is covered by forest. Social forestry program in district has been started since 1980. Social forestry program is being implemented through 4 plantation officers, 2 government nurseries and 2 educational social nurseries. Schemes which are presently under implementation and targeted projections are given in the following table.

Table No: 24 Scheme wise projection of Social Forestry Development

Sr.No Activity Year 2007­08 to 2011­12 Phy Fin (Lakh) 1. Plantation on community land. 20 Ha 4.86 2. Plantation on Private land 851 Ha 248.94 3. Road side plantation 808 km 397.3 Total ­­ 651.1

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5.7 Agro Based Rural Development Programs As majority of population lives in the rural area having agriculture as a main profession. There is much differences in the district with regards to geography, climatic and socio­economic conditions. The important rural development programme like Manav Vikas Mission is playing important role in development of tribal rural areas in Sakri and Shirpur tahasils. Under Manav Vikas Mission jaggary units are functioning in Sakri block. Also important agrobased industries like mini dal mill, oil mill, Poultry feed manufacturing unit and common facility center etc. can be implemented through Manav Vikas Mission in Dhule district. Since 2005­06 Rashtriy Samvikas Yojna implemented in Dhule district through which Kitchen gardening, vermiculture, Vermicompost units and various crops demonstration were carried out. These activities are helping to uplift economic conditions of farmers in rural area. Another important programme National Horticulture Mission started from 2006­07 in Dhule district under which Community tank, onion storage structure, vermiculture unit, packing house, green house, shed net Bee keeping, poly house, area extension in horticulture plays an important role in rural development in Dhule district. 5.8 Food Processing Units For the value addition in the agriculture produce it is felt to strengthen and start small and medium food processing units in the district. It is observed that 25 to 30 % agriculture product detoriates still it goes to consumer. The reasons behind this is, unavailability of proper storage, grading and processing units in the district. Main food products being used for processing are Nagli, Ground nut, Soyabean, pulses, chilly etc and fruit used for the purpose are mango, Custardapple, Aonwla, Papaya, tomato etc. Total 89 food processing units are in functioning in the district. 5.9 Development of Rural Industries Agro­based industries play an important role in the development of agriculture and economic development of rural areas. Due to lack of facilities for industrial development Dhule district is far behind in industrial production. At present there is only one sugar factory located in Shirpur Block of the District Dhule. District is having two starch factories situated one in Dhule and another in Dondaicha block in district Dhule. Presently for lint preparation district is having two ginning mills one is at Morane village in Dhule block and another in Shirpur block. Three more ginning mills are going to start soon in the district which includes Adivasi Sahkari Sut Girni at Dhongade village in block Sakri, Ganga Mai Sahakari sut Girni at Songir and Mahila Cooperative ginning mill at Ajang village block Dhule. In the present year sugar cane was not carried away by the factory hence department has encouraged to start Jaggery units at Samode, Devjipada, Shewali, Kalambhir in Sakri tahsil in Dhule district. Besides these other rural industries in the district are oil mills, Dal mills, handlooms, dairy industry, Saw mills, Cattle feed unit, Vanaspati ghee manufacturing unit, neem extraction and neem

67 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule cake production unit, bio fertilizers like PSB­Azototobactor production unit are in swing in the district. 5.10 Agriculture Marketing Fast transfer of technological information from agriculture research system to the end users and visa varsa is one of the important inputs to increase our farm productivity. However technology transfer has been the major constraint. Only 30% of the generated technology are adopted by the farmers. Technology transfer is confronted with several problems like lack of manpower and professional approach. Thus the ratio of extension worker to farm families is very low. But efforts have been made to provide farmers with new and better farming structure which now leads to adoption of new varieties of Integrated crop management system. The small and medium farmers are also getting benefits from this service. A continuous approach is required through careful planning of crop selection based on local and environmental sustainability. The demand and supply challenges in agriculture need efficient markets and linkage up to small and marginal farmers. With open Indian economy and globalization of marketing of products have brought about challenges in restructuring our production and marketing strategies to meet the changing scenario. In the recent years the retailing business is experiencing a change from the traditional type of retailing to modern retailing markets. Super markets (Malls) are growing not only in big cites but also in small cites and towns. The important factor deciding the agriculture production is supply of inputs which needed to be taken in to consideration. Timely supply of quality inputs will certainly boost the productivity. The farmers co­operatives and common supply centers may be encouraged to improve the input supply structure. As majority of our population depends on agriculture for their livelihood, marketing of the agriculture produce plays very important role in deciding the economic condition of the rural population in Dhule District. Depending upon mode of trade and transaction, agriculture marketing can be classified in three broad types as follows ­ 1) Primary Markets – These markets are organized at specific day in a week at village level. Large number of farmers sell their produce in these primary markets. It is the nearest market available to the farmers. 2) Secondary Markets – These market organize at 20 to 30 km area. These are mainly located at district, Block place or important trading center or at place of railway station. These are the bigger and major markets where large number of farmers can sell their bulky produce 3) Terminal Markets – In these markets the produce is delivered to the consumers or distributers by train or exported by boot to foreign countries. Godown’s are provided in these markets from where produce is distributed to the farmers.

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Present market structure FARMER

LOCAL TRADER / WHOLE SALE WHOLE SALE ASSEMBLER DEALER TRADER (Secondary Mrkt) (Primary Mrkt)

INTER STATE COMMISSION EXPORTER DEALER AGENT

DOMESTIC MARKET OVERSEAS MARKET DOMESTIC MARKET

69 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

At present there are 4 Agriculture Produce Market Committees one each at Block place viz, Dhule, Shirpur, Sakri, Shindkheda in Dhule District. Also there are 9 sub market committees available in the District viz 3 in Dhule Block, 2 in Sakri Block, 3 in Shindkheda Block and 1 in Shirpur Block respectively. These Agriculture Produce Market Committees and Sub committees in Dhule district are the main market available for the farmers in the district for marketing of their agriculture produce. These APMC’s and sub market committees provide guest house, drinking water, cattle shed, shelter and drinking water for cattle. Also storage facility is available to some extent. In Sakri and Shirpur, Adivasi vivid karyakari co­op societies functioning as secondary distributer of Adivasi vikas Mahamandal are purchasing the agriculture produce from the tribal farmers. Majority of the farmers sell their produce in their market in Gujrath like Surat, Baroda etc for getting better price of their produce. There is need for regularizing and reconstruction of marketing structure in Dhule district Godowns, Cold storage, transportation, road and rail network in the district needs to be improved for the benefit of agriculture marketing. Also the minimum support price of different crops should be decided on the basis of actual cost of production of the crops. Value addition along with supply chain may infact increase the income and employment opportunities for farmers. Drawbacks in Agriculture Marketing – Traditional systems of marketing agriculture produce has several drawbacks as depicted below : 1) When production level is low the farmers have to sell their produce in weekly markets to the Traders in their vicinity due to which they do not get proper price of their produce. Concept like Raitu Bazar is in the present marketing system to be taken up. 2) There is very strong network of middle men and inter mediatory in the established system of market. These middle men are charging maximum commission for their services, due to which farmers are unable get profit from the sell of their produce.

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3) There is lack of facilities of infrastructure at all levels due to improper transportation facilities, packing material unavailability. Farmers are unable to sell their produce in long distant bigger markets where they can fetch some profit. 4) There is loss of about 10­20% of agriculture produce due to poor storage facilities, not applying proper packing methods and harvesting techniques. If farmers store their produce properly then they can get maximum profit by timely selling their produce. 5) Cold storage is very essential for seasonal and perishable agriculture produce. Due to unavailability of cold storage facilities farmers are forced to sell their produce immediately in market at reasonable low rates . The initial construction cost and maintance cost is not in the reach of small farmer . 6) Grading, processing and certification facilities are not available in markets due to which quality produce is not graded and farmers not getting advantage of their produce. 7) Marketing news, prevailing markets rates, demand­supply statistics in markets not available to farmer at village level.. 8) Weight and measures in market are to standardized regularly so as to benefit farmer. 9) Farmers are scattered, there is no co operative marketing structure available for their benefits. 5.11 Agriculture Credit The credit structures need to be reformed with the service area approach to increase the productive tending for increase in the production, productivity and income level of the rural families. The credit besides quality seed, irrigation and fertilizers is one of the most important input to achieve these objective and it needs to be supported by the noncredit inputs like technology, extension support, motivation of the people to adopt latest scientific technology, making support etc. for this a coordination between credit agencies and developmental agency of the Government has an almost importance in implementation of the service area plans. It is expected to have an effective coordination of both in following ways. • Coordination of the efforts of credit institution and Government agencies at grass root level. • Ascertaining the availability of backward and foreword linkages for every economic activity. • Promoting spirit of cooperation between credit institutions and Government agencies. • Identification and bridging the infrastructure gaps required undertaking the economic activities. The financial institution operating in Dhule district have played a vital role by deploying required credit. The contribution of commercial bank under this category is to the tune of 192 Crs. Out of which 892 Crs are utilized for priority sector. NABARD has made special provision of Rs.166 Lakhs in the district credit plan for Agro and Food processing. The district is served by 76 branches of the major commercial banks, 77 branches of Dhule district central co­operative bank. In addition to this, there are 11 Urban co­operative banks, 1 Urban pat sanstha, 144 employees pat sanstha, 383 primary agriculture co­operative credit societies

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(PACS), 41 Adivasi Co­operative societies and 444 other pat sanstha are functioning in district. Among these institutes commercial banks, district central cooperative bank, primary agriculture co­ operative credit societies and Adivasi Co­operative societies are the major supplier for agriculture credit. There is no branch network of regional rural bank in the district. Credit plan for 2008­09 is to an amount of Rs.308 crores of which 203 cr credit for agriculture sector which is about 66%. Among the total credit plan Rs 156 cr provided for crop loan which is 77%. Out of total credit plan 95% of crop loan is only in kharif. For this year crop loan sector is increased by 38%. This projection is mainly due to vavour and relief scheme and maximum issuance of kisan cards. Provisionof Rs 22.71 crores is for allied sector of which Rs 12.78 crores is for post harvest management and Rs 9.93 crores for dairy,animal husbandary.

Due to Akkalpada dam and Tapi barrages there will increase in area of sugarcane and banana which may lead to higher projection in micro irrigation system. Also due to ”Dhaval Kranti” scheme through Manav vikas mission there is large scope for dairy business, hence it is necessary to provide good part of credit. Kisan credit card: With a view to provide adequate and timely support to the farmer from banking system for the cultivation needs including purchase of agricultural inputs in a flexible and cost effective manner. The concept of Kisan credit card is introduced, Banks are expected to issue cards to the farmers who are eligible for sensation of production credit of Rs.5000 and above. NABARD plays a proactive and catalytic role in implementation and monitoring the progress of KCC scheme. The KCCs are operated on the lines of traditional loan practices. The banks should educate the borrowers to draw on the limits as and when funds are required for farming operations and effect repayments as and when they are placed with funds in order to reduce the interest burden. Initiatives/ steps needed for improving agriculture credit. 1. Instead of providing subsidies , timely loans at low rate of interest need to be practiced. 2. The crop loan provided to the farmers must be utilized for its purpose rather than wasting it for unproductive works. 3. Big size dairy and dairy processing units be encouraged to exploit potential for dairy through supply of credit. 4. Agriculture credit needs to be extended to new technologies such as tissue culture plantlets, food processing, green house technology, cold storage and storage godown be encouraged. 5. More Self Help groups be promoted and linked with credit. 6. The Government agencies should devote their fixed time for recovery of loans disbursed under various schemes. 7. Kissan Credit Cards are to be issued to all families of farmers.

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Table No: 25 Agriculture credit distribution during last Three years. (Amount in lakhs) Sr. 2007­08 upto Sector 2005­06 2006­07 No. Dec.07 1 Crop loan 8635 9490 12013 2 Agri. Term loan 3058 3286 2163 Total Agriculture 11693 12776 14181

Table No: 26 Network of Primary Agriculture Co­op. Credit Societies in Dhule district (2006­07).

Sr. Taluka No.of No. of No.of Loany Loan Distributed (Rs. No PACS Members Farmers In thousand) 1 Shirpur 81 30370 13083 233311 2 Shindkheda 119 46189 16032 221500 3 Sakri 56 32623 6150 61742 4 Dhule 127 55403 15970 169518 Total 383 164585 51235 686071

Table No: 27 Average crop loan distribution in Dhule district By DCCC Bank.

Loan distribution target in next five years No.of No.of No.of (Rs in Lakhs) Sr. membe Taluka farm loany No. r of families farmer Loan distribution target in next five years Sr. PACS No.of 2007­08 2008­09 2009­10 2010­11 2011­12 No.of No.of (Rs in Lakhs) No Bank loany Bank branches 2010­ 1. 2 3 4 f5a rmers 62 007­08 72 008­09 82 009­10 9 21001 1­12 11 1 Dhule 134238 56432 42541 2512.05 2763.25 3039.57 3343.53 3677.88 1 DDCC 1 111 29435 Sindkhe 2 56960 71585 38173 2249.89 2474.88 2722.37 2994.61 3294.07 2 CBIda 1 75 54439 11345 15680 19650 23650 27650 3 TShotirpural 621383 3 41198668 2893889764 2532.3 2785.53 3064.08 3370.48 3707.53 Sakri 71026 73181 30661 989.18 1088.1 1196.91 1316.6 1448.26 Total 324557 243166 141271 8283.42 9111.76 10022.9 11025.2 12127.7

Table No: 28 Average crop loan Projections in Dhule district By NABARD

5.12 Special programs ongoing in the district a.State department of fisheries: The department of fisheries is operating various schemes in the district for the benefit of fishermen. The District Development Fishery Officer (DFDO) controls overall activities and implementation with the help of Assistant Fisheries Development Officer (AFDO) and under the guidance of Regional Deputy Director of Fisheries. Department provides technical guidance and prawn

73 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule and fish seeds, nets, equipments boats (non mechanized) are supplied to them on subsidized rates (mainly for SC and ST) beneficiaries.

b. State department of social forestry and forestry: Dhule district is having 28.50% forest area. Efforts are being made to increase forest area up to 33%. At present the department is running three schemes for the farmers as follows­ I. Kisan Nursery II. Village Economic Development programme III. One day training programme for farmers. c. Animal Husbandry department: Department of Animal husbandry is divided into two sectors viz. State and Zillah Parishad. District Deputy Director and District Animal Husbandry Officer are the district heads of state and Z.P. sector respectively. Artificial insemination, treatment, vaccination castration, parasite control are the main works carried out by these institutes. Extension activities like calf rallies, pashu pradarshan, pashu melawa, mass training program are arranged by this department.

5.13 Constraint analysis of allied agriculture sector 1.Animal husbandry and Livestock rearing • Scientific calf rearing supplement of proper nutritious feed to growing calf in gestation. • Making availability of artificial insemination at farmers door step. • Lack of proper demonstration cum training of good rearing practices. • Feeds supplement and parasitic control drugs of poultry. • Supplement of graded male for genetic up gradation backyard poultry. • Scope for caged poultry upgrading. • Genetic up gradation local sheep / goat to use of breed males rams / bucks. 2.Fisheries : Interventions required • Non availability of fish seed as production unit not available. • High cost involved in pond construction. • Lack of interest on farmers level due to less knowledge regarding fish farming in tanks. • Fluctuating prices in the fish market. • Fish societies have less share capital. 3.Dairy development : Interventions required

74 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

• Milk collection centers not available in each village. • High cost involvement for rearing high milk yielding animals. • Green fodder not grown by farmers. • Lack of farmer interest due to unavailability of labour. • Low milch production animals. 4.Forestry : Interventions required Uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel and fodder for cattle. • Tree plantation programs are neglected after planting. • Uncontrolled grazing destroying the newly sown plants before establishment. • Increased incidence of pest and diseases on forest trees viz. neem, teak.

5.14 Recommended interventions for the district

Baseline Projection During 5 year 2006­07 INTERVENTIONS FOR NEXT FIVE Sr. Sector (Productivity Kg/ha) (Productivity YEARS Kg/ha) 2007­08 2008­09 2009­10 2010 ­11 2011­12 • Encouragement of Fodder Production though Demonstration • Encouragement of low grade refuges (Low cost feeding) • Training for Dairy Development methods and Exposure visit to Model Dairy and allied Activities to ladies •Clean milk campaign and strict action 13.84 Lakh Milk against adultration. 1 lit / year 14.67 15.55 16.48 17.47 18.52 Production •100 days programme for conception to be followed. • Back ended subsidy for Feed Factory • Encouraging milk product through Mahila Bachat Gat. •Milk chilling centers to be set up at local level collection of milk through dairy co­operative societies. •Proper logeistic planning for collection of milk • Back ended subsidy for poultry Units (25%) • Feed supplementation and parasitic control Drugs. • Supplying cages for poultry to 9.30 Lakh protect against natural enemies Poultry 2 Eggs / Year • Supplying of breeding cocks for 9.88 10.47 11.12 11.80 12.50 production genetic upgradation for back yard poultry. • Kerosene operated small incubators for back yard poultry. • Vaccination program to be strictly followed.

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• Scientific Calf Rearing and Genetic improvement through selective breeding program. • Door to door artificial insemination services and cold chain to be maintained strictly. • Awareness among the farmers about insemination Animal 3 • Brucella testing should be compulsory 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.23 Husbandry • Scientific rectification of infertility in Milch Animals. • Training of good rearing Practices • Supply of feed supplements and parasite controlling Drugs.. • Training of good rearing Practices Supply of feed supplements and parasite controlling Drugs. • Establishment of Fish Seed Production Unit. Fish seed stocking in impounded Water (25% subsidy) • Assistance to Fisheries Requisites Fish (Supply of Fishing Equipments viz., 4 1590 mt 1685.4 1786.5 1893.7 2007.3 2127.8 Production DISCO Net , Shanshan Net) (85% Subsidy) • Capital Share to Fisheries Cooperative • Societies (3 societies per year Only) Training to Fishermen Youth ( 2 Trainings Per Year for 50 participants each year )

76 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Chapter VI

District Plan

6.1 Strategy for achieving XI Year plan projections • Improvement of productivity and income of farmers in the existing enterprises and farming system by adoption of demonstration. • Organization of technology based training program. • Diversification and intensification of existing farming system. • Sustainability in productivity / income through integrated farming approach. • Integrated Nutrient Management • Integrated Pest Management • Seed multiplication and Replication • Up gradation of marketing strategy. • Strengthening and formation of farmers organization • Human Resource Development 6.2 Policy support required for CDAP : Co n ss ii dee ri i ng tt he pa a rtt ii cc ii pa a tt or y ne e ee ds ee me e rg e e d fr o m vii ll ll aa gee s aa s ww ee ll l aa s ee xp e e rt gr o u p s fii nd ii ng ss , fo ll ll ow w ii ng aa re ma a jj or aa re e aa s ww hii cc h ne e ee d aa tt tt ee ntt ii on ii n dii ss tt ri i cc t pll aa n. 1. TT he re e mo t t e vii ll ll aa gee s ne e ee d tt o be gii vee n mo r e aa tt tt ee ntt ii on fo r ii nc c r ee aa ss ii ng tt he cc ro p pr o d u cc tt ii vii tt y aa nd aa re e a un d ee r ii rr ii gaa tt ii on b y ww aa tt ee rs s hee d de e ve e ll op m ee nt aa cc tt ii vii tt ii ee ss . 2. 2.AA va a ii ll aa bi i ll ii tt y of ee ll ee cc tt ri i cc ii tt y tt o mee ee t tt he ww aa tt ee r re e qu ii re e me e nt of tt he cc ro p s aa t cc ri i tt ii cc aa l ss tt aa gee s du r i i ng tt he ss tt ree ss s pe e rii od . 4. 3. . TT ii me e ll y Cr e e dii t faa cc ii ll ii tt y ww ii tt h ii nc c re e aa ss ii ng tt he ll ii mii t of cc ro p LL oaa nss . 5. 4. . TT he pr occ ee du r e of LL oa a n tt o be ss ii mp l l ii fii ee d .. Cr e e dii t ss ho u ll d aa ll ss o be aa va a ii ll aa bll e tt o faa rm e e r s on ll ow ii ntt ee re e ss tt ra a tt ee 6. . fo r nee ee d baa ss ee d aa cc tt ii vii tt ii ee ss , ll ii ke FF aa rm po n d ss , FF aa rm ii mp ll ee mee nt t ss , Bu ll ll occ ks ee tt cc . 7. 5. . TT ii me e ll y aa vaa ii ll aa bi i ll ii tt y of qu a a ll ii tt y ss ee ee ds & fe e rt t ii ll ii zz ee r. 8. 6.LL aa rg e ss cc aa ll e ss ee ee ds pr o d u c c tt ii on on faa rm e e r` s faa rm s by DD ee pa a rt t mee ntt s aa nd UU nii ve e rs s ii tt ii ee ss . 10 . 7. . TT he MM ii nii mu m ss up p o r t pr i i cc e ss ho u ll d be ba a ss ee d on tt he aa cc tt uaa l cc oss t of pr o d u c c tt ii on . 11. 8. . Caa pa a cc ii tt y bu ii ll dii ng on In tt ee gr a a tt ee d Cr o p MM aa naa ge e me e nt PP ra a cc tt ii cc ee ss . 13. 9.The Livestock rearing and processing units need to be promoted at Village level as a mixed enterprise for securing farmers livelihood. 15. 10.Promotion of Animal Husbandry activities, Dairy Processing and Fisheries Production through 16. enhanced support. 17 . 11 . . PP ro m o tt ii on of MM aa rk e e tt ii ng tt hr ou g h fo r m a a tt ii on of FF aa rm e e rs GG ro u p s aa nd cc oo p e e raa tt ii ve e s aa nd cc re e aa tt ii on of 18. MM aa rk ee tt ii ng aa nd ss tt or a a ge FF aa cc ii ll ii tt ii ee ss ..

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ANNEXURE ­ I 6.3 Target for production and productivity for XI plan (Year wise)

Table No:30 Area­Production­Yield

Normal 2007­08 2008­09 2009­10 2010­11 2011­12 Sr Name of 2004­05 to 2006­07 ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) No Crop A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Kharif 1 56 55 995 51 51 997 56 56 1000 57 58 1010 58 59 1015 60 61 1025 Paddy 2 Jowar 290 394 1360 260 354 1362 280 382 1365 285 390 1370 287 395 1375 289 405 1400 3 Bajara 1300 1170 900 1100 1001 910 1190 1107 930 1198 1138 950 1210 1180 975 1220 1220 1000 4 Ragi 46 41 890 38 34 895 40 36 898 42 38 900 44 40 910 46 44 960 5 Maize 265 549 2075 267 556 2082 400 836 2090 407 855 2100 408 877 2150 409 904 2210 Other 6 27 18 665 22 15 670 31 21 672 11 8 675 5 3 690 14 10 700 cereals Total 7 Kharif 1984 2226 1122 1738 2011 1157 1997 2438 1221 2000 2487 1243 2002 2554 1275 2010 2644 1315 cereal 8 Tur 84 33 400 81 35 430 82 36 435 102 46 450 104 51 490 106 53 500 Green 9 190 118 623 210 132 630 212 135 636 220 143 650 221 152 690 222 155 700 Gram

Black 10 73 50 690 90 62 695 92 64 698 80 56 700 83 60 720 84 63 750 Gram

Other 11 Kharif 55 18 324 60 20 335 55 18 337 40 14 340 35 12 350 32 12 360 pulses

78 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

ANNEXURE ­ I 6.3 Target for production and productivity for XI plan (Year wise

Normal 2007­08 2008­09 2009­10 2010­11 2011­12 Sr Name of 2004­05 to 2006­07 ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) ( Projected ) No Crop A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 12 Kharif 402 219 544 441 249 564 441 253 574 442 259 586 443 275 621 444 283 637 pulses Total 13 Food 2386 2445 1024 2179 2260 1037 2438 2691 1104 2442 2746 1124 2445 2829 1157 2454 2927 1192 grains 14 G.nut 370 283 765 380 293 770 381 299 785 381 303 795 388 314 810 388 330 850 Seas 15 96 35 367 100 37 370 101 38 375 98 38 390 104 42 405 104 47 450 mum Sun 16 2 1 450 2 1 455 1 0.46 460 3 1 470 5 2 480 5 2 500 flower 17 Niger 0 ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Soya 18 50 75 1516 85 129 1520 86 131 1525 88 136 1550 149 238 1600 151 249 1650 bean Other oil 19 3 1 460 5 2 462 4 0.5 465 4 2 470 4 2 480 2 1 500 seed Total 20 521 395 758 572 462 808 573 469 818 574 480 836 650 598 920 650 629 968 oil seed 21 Cotton 960 1185 210 1030 1696 280 800 1411 300 750 1434 325 800 1600 340 800 1647 350

Sugar 22 140 9520 68 102 7140 70 95 6840 72 100 7500 75 107 8132 76 115 9200 80 cane

79 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

80 Consolidated Report CDAP – Dhule

Vision

In present CDAP emphasis on an ambitious target of 4 percent annual growth rate in GDP over the next 5 year to eradicate poverty, achieve food security and build the foundation of sustainable economic development of the district.

Developing farmers Centric Need Base Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (CDAP) aiming to achieve 4 percent annual growth in the agriculture and allied sector during XI th plan period for District Dhule by adopting inclusive and participatory approaches

1. Agriculture growth to be maintained at 4 percent per annum by enhancing the double the agriculture production in next 10 years by improving the productivity of agriculture and the allied sectors. 2. Attain food security in terms of both availability and affordability and ensuring access of the poor to adequate food and nutrition. 3. Focus on creating opportunities for farmers to enhance their net income to a respectable level. 4. Present irrigation coverage in the district is 9.01 percent it is expected that by the intervention proposed under 11 th five year it will reach by 14 percent 5. Promotion of public private partnership in agriculture. 6. Area under Micro irrigation by the promotion of drip and sprinkler irrigation it is targeted to cover an additional area of 6596 Ha in next five year. 7. Encourage the farmers to investment in food processing sector. 8. Post Harvest technology and Agro Processing to be given additional thrust. 9. Development of future markets for major commodities by dynamic agriculture markets among the nation. 10. A planned soil health program 11. Increasing active involvement of self help group. 12. Making good seed available by the farmers for the farmers through Grambeejotpadan. 13. Reduction in land degradation through soil conservative measures.

Enhancing the area under organic farming from 5729 Ha to 11250 Ha

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