DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Government of Andhra Pradesh DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT GUNTUR DISTRICT Prepared by ANDHRA PRADESH SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (APSAC) ITE & C Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh August, 2018 District Survey Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENT APSAC wishes to place on record its sincere thanks to Sri B.Sreedhar IAS, Secretary to the Government (Mines) and the Director, Department of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting the work for preparation of District Survey Reports of Andhra Pradesh. The team gratefully acknowledge the help of the Commissioner, Horticulture Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and the Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing valuable statistical data and literature. The Project team is also thankful to all Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and the staff of Mines and Geology Department for their overall support and guidance during the execution of this work. Also sincere thanks are due to the Scientific staff of APSAC who has generated all the thematic maps. VICE CHAIRMAN APSAC 3 District Survey Report CONTENTS S.No Description Pg.No. 1 Salient Features of Guntur District 1 1.1 Administrative Setup 2 1.2 Drainage 2 1.3 Climate and Rainfall 10 1.4 Agriculture and Soils 17 1.5 Transport and Communications 18 1.6 Population and Literacy 20 1.7 Important Places 22 1.7a Places of Tourist Interest 22 1.7b Places of Religious and Cultural importance 26 2 Land Utilization, Forest and Slope in the District 27 2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification 27 2.2 Eco-sensitive areas 44 2.3 Slope Map of the District 45 3 Agricultural and Soil Resources in the District 48 3.1 Kharif Rice Estimation using SAR data 48 3.2 Kharif and Rabi crop acreage Estimation using 50 Optical Remote sensing data 3.3 Horticulture 53 3.4 Soils 58 4 Coastal and Aquaculture 62 4.1 Shoreline status of Guntur district 62 4.2 Aquaculture in Guntur District 64 5 Water Resources 67 5.1 Surface Water and Irrigation Resources of the 67 District 4 District Survey Report CONTENTS S.No Description Pg.No. 5.1.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Guntur 67 District 5.2 Geology and Mineral Resources of the District 72 5.2.1 Geology of Guntur District 72 5.2.2 Mineral Resources of Guntur District 75 5.2.3 Geomorphology, Ground Water Scenario and 76 Quality of the District 5.2.4 Landforms of fluvial origin 76 5.2.5 Landforms of coastal origin 79 5.2.6 Landforms of Structural Origin 82 5.2.7 Landforms of denudational origin 83 5.3 Structural Features of Guntur District 85 5.3.1 Ground Water Scenario and Quality of the 88 District 5.3.2 Ground Water Prospects in the District 88 5.3.3 Ground Water Quality of the District 92 6.0 Details of Major and Minor Minerals Their Production 95 and Revenue in the District 6.1 Administrative Set-Up of DMG in Guntur District 95 7 References 191 5 District Survey Report List of Figures No Description Pg.No. 1 Administrative Boundaries of Guntur District 3 2 Satellite view of Guntur district during October month 4 3 Satellite view of Guntur district during January month 5 4 Satellite view of Guntur district during April month 6 5 Catchment Area Map of Guntur District 8 6 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies of the Guntur 9 District 7 Locations of Automatic Weather Stations in Guntur District 15 8 Distribution of Rainfall in Guntur District 16 9 Transport Network of Guntur District 19 10 Mandal wise Distribution of Schedule Caste Population and 21 Types of Hostels and Residential Schools 11 Important tourist place in Guntur district 25 12 Land Use / Land Cover Map of Guntur District during 2015-16 29 13 General Slope of Guntur District 47 14 (a) Ground truth data overlaid on multi-temporal RGB image, (b) Rice cropped area and (c) Transplantation date-wise rice 49 cropped area over Guntur District. 15 Kharif Rice and Cotton acreage estimation during 2016-17 51 16 Rabi Rice and Pulses crop acreage estimation during 2016-17 52 17 Soil Resource Map of Guntur 60 18 Salt Affected Soil & Water Logging Map of Guntur District 61 19 Shoreline changes along the coastline of Guntur district 63 20 Aquaculture Distribution in Guntur District 65 21 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects of Guntur District 71 22 Geology of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 73 23 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence of Guntur District 74 24 Geomorphology of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 77 25 Structural Map of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 87 26 Ground Water Scenario in Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 89 27 Ground Water Quality Map of Guntur District 94 6 District Survey Report List of Tables No Description Pg.No. 1.1 Mandal Wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 12 2.1 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cover during 28 2015-16 3.1 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production (MT) 54 during 2017-18 3.2 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) in 55 Guntur District (2017-18) 3.3 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Plantation with Production (MT) in 56 Guntur District (2017-18) 3.4 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in (2017- 57 18) 3.5 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowers with Production (MT) in 2017- 57 18 3.6 Statement showing extent of area of each soil category 59 4.1 Shoreline Characteristics and statics for Guntur Coast 63 4.2 Mandal - wise Aquaculture in Guntur District (Area in ha) 66 5.1 Area under irrigation projects 68 5.2 Major basin of the District 69 5.3 Major River basin and distribution of the area District 70 5.4 Major River basin and Altitude at origin 70 7 District Survey Report 1. Salient Features of Guntur District Guntur District with its district headquarters at Guntur is one of the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Guntur district was formed on the 1 October, 1904 after bifurcating Krishna and Nellore districts. Prior to 1859, there was Guntur district with Headquarters at Guntur but with a different jurisdiction. In 1859, the district was abolished and was divided up between Masilipatnam and Rajahmundry districts which were renamed as Krishna and Godavari. In 1904, Guntur district was constituted into a separate independent district with the areas of the Taluk of Bapatla, Tenali, Sattenapalli, Narsaraopet, Vinukonda and Palnadu of old Krishna district, Guntur, and Ongole taluk from Nellore district. In February 1970, while forming Prakasam district with its headquarters as Ongole, parts of Bapatla and Narsaraopet taluks and whole of Ongole taluk were taken to Prakasam district leaving Guntur district with only eight taluks namely, 1) Guntur, 2) Sattenapalli, 3) Tenali, 4) Repalli, 5) Bapatla, 6) Narasaraopet, 7) Vinukonda and 8) Palnadu. 57 mandals have come into existence in Guntur district with effect from 25-5-1985 in the place of earstwhile taluks and Firkhas. The Krishna River forms the northeastern and eastern boundary of the district, separating Guntur District from Krishna District. The District is bounded on the North by Krishna and Nalgonda district of Telangana State, on the west by Prakasam and Mahaboobnagar districts, on the South by Prakasam district, and on the East by Krishna district and Bay of Bengal. It is lies between 15O 18' and 16O 50' of the Northern latitude and 79O 10' and 80O 55' of the eastern longitude. The area of the district is 11,391 sq kms, having a coast line of around 100 Kilometres. 8 District Survey Report 9 District Survey Report 1.1 Administrative Setup Administratively, the district is divided into 57 mandals covering 4 Revenue Divisions viz., 1. Guntur, 2. Tenali, 3. Narasaraopet and 4. Gurazala. It has 12 municipalities namely, Guntur, Mangalgiri, Sattenapalli, Narasaraopet, Chilakaluripet, Macherla, Tenali, Ponnuru, Bapatla, Rapalli, Vinukonda and Piduguralla. The population of the district is 48,87,813 persons as per census 2011. The spatial distribution of the mandals is depicted in Fig-1. The satellite view of the district during kharif, Rabi and summer seasons with mandal boundaries is portrayed in Fig. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. 1.2 Drainage The major rivers that drain through the district are the Krishna and Gunglakamma. Important tributaries of the Krishna River include Gundlavagu, Dindi vagu, Naguleru, Gadidelavagu and Edduvagu. The drainage pattern, in general, is straight, parallel to sub-parallel and dendritic. The Krishna River is perennial, whereas most of the other streams are intermittent to ephemeral in nature. The river Krishna receives the Chandravanka, Golivagu, Dandivagu and Naguleru waters, which fertilize the adjoining tracts. It continues its easterly course through Venkatayapalem range and scales the slopes of Gundimettakonda and broadens gradually flowing with a wide and shallow bed in an easterly direction with a slight inclination towards the south, it touches Vijayawada and then runs eastwards and southwards. It ultimately turns sharply south-eastwards and joins the sea at Hamsaladivi and Nachugunta in Krishna district. 10 District Survey Report Fig.1. Administrative Boundaries of Guntur District 11 District Survey Report Fig.2 Satellite view of Guntur district during october month 12 District Survey Report Fig.3 Satellite view of Guntur district during January month 13 District Survey Report Fig.4 Satellite view of Guntur district during April month 14 District Survey Report The Chandravanka is an important tributary of the Krishna which drains in the district. It raises in the Mutukuru extensions of the eastern Nallamalai hills near the south-west corner of Macherla Range. It initially contacts Mutukuru village and flows north until it is joined by its tributary the "Edibogula Vagu" at a place.