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Supplemental Material Table S1. Codes Assigned to Each Drug Class

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Supplemental Material Table S1. Codes Assigned to Each Drug Class Supplemental Material Table S1. Codes assigned to each drug class and category Drug Class Code Drug Category Code Drug Category Code Control group xx Control group X Proton pump inhibitors/GI agents (does not include laxatives) i CYP3A4/5/7 CYP2B6 Opioids ii Inhibitor A Inhibitor K Anti-depressants/anxiolytics/ benzodiazepines/barbiturates iii Inducer B Inducer L Antihypertensives iv CYP2C8 UGTs PDE5 inhibitors v Inhibitor C Inhibitor M Nonopioid analgesics vi CYP2D6 Inducer N Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) and lipid-lowering agents vii Inhibitor D P-gp Antipsychotics viii CYP1A2 Inhibitor O Anti-epileptic drugs/anticonvulsants ix Inhibitor E MRP2 Antidiabetics x Inducer F Inhibitor P Antihistamines/anti-allergics/respiratory agents xi CYP2C9 BCRP Hormonal contraceptives xii Inhibitor G Inhibitor Q Hormonal replacement therapies xiii Inducer H OATP1B1 Steroids xiv CYP2C19 Inhibitor R Anti-infectives xv Inhibitor I OATP1B3 Inducer J Inhibitor S Table S2. Drug classes and categories assigned to each medication and number of patients receiving each medication Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Acarbose 1 x; X Ipratropium bromide 5 xi; X Acebutolol hydrochloride 1 iv; X Ipratropium bromide and 6 xi; X albuterol Acetaminophen 1 xi; X Irbesartan 6 iv; A,C,F,G,S Acetaminophen / chlorpheniramine / 1 xi; X Iron 10 xx; X pseudoephedrine Acetaminophen, aspirin 12 vi; A,G,P Isotretinoin 1 xx; A,C Acetylcysteine 4 xx; X Joint food 2 xx; X Acetylsalicylic acid 163 vi; G,P Ketoconazole 3 xv; A,C,F,G,J,L,M, O,R,S Aciclovir 20 xv; F Ketoprofen 2 vi; J,P Acidovert 1 i; X Ketorolac tromethamine 3 vi; X Actifed 2 xi; D Lacosamide 1 ix; J Adalimumab 1 xx; X Lactobacillus acidophilus 6 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Adapalene and benzoyl peroxide 1 xx; X Lactulose 12 xx; X Ademetionine 2 xx; X Lamotrigine 7 ix; M,N Adrenal complex 1 xx; X Lansoprazole 24 i; E,Q Aktiferrin 1 xx; X Latanoprost 4 xx; X Akwa tears (Eye lubricants) 2 xx; X Latanoprost + timolol 1 xx; D Aldactazide a 1 iv; C,M,R Lecithin 1 xx; X Aldactazine 1 iv; C,M,R Leflunomide 1 xx; G Alendronate sodium 8 xx; X Lekovit ca (calcium with 15 xx; X vitamin D) Alimemazine tartrate 2 xi; X Lenoltec with codeine no 1 3 ii; M (acetaminophen, codeine, and caffeine) Aliskiren and amlodipine 1 iv; A,Q,R Lercanidipine 5 iv; X All other non-therapeutic products 2 xx; X Levetiracetam 2 ix; X Allbee with C 1 xx; X Levocarnitine 2 xx; X Allergen extracts 1 xx; X Levocetirizine 5 xi; X Allium sativum 5 xx; X Levofloxacin 3 xv; X Allopurinol 8 xx; F Levonorgestrel 3 xii; A,D,F,J,L Almotriptan 1 xx; X Levothyroxine 170 xiii; R,S Alprazolam 56 iii; A Lidocaine 2 xx; F Aluminum hydroxide and 6 i; X Linaclotide 1 xx; X magnesium carbonate Amantadine 2 xv; X Linagliptin w/metformin 1 x; O Amfetamine 1 xx; X Linoladiol hn 1 xiii; X Amino acids nos w/vitamins nos 1 xx; X Linolenic acid 1 xx; X Aminocaproic acid 1 xx; X Linum usitatissimum oil 5 xx; X Aminophylline 1 xi; X Liothyronine 4 xiii; X Aminosalicylic acid 1 xx; X Lisdexamfetamine mesilate 2 xx; X Amisulpride 1 viii; X Lisinopril 111 iv; X Amitriptyline 10 iii; D Lisinopril / 28 iv; X hydrochlorothiazide Amlodipine 94 iv; A,Q,R Lithium 3 viii; X Amlodipine besylate and olmesartan 4 iv; A,Q,R,S Loperamide 17 ii; A medoxomil Amlodipine besylate w/benazepril 6 iv; A,Q,R Loprazolam mesilate 2 iii; X Ammonium lactate 1 xx; X Loratadine 26 xi; X Amorolfine 1 xv; X Loratadine w/ pseudoephedrine 1 xi; X Amoxicillin 11 xv; X Lorazepam 60 iii; X Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 1 xv; X Lormetazepam 6 iii; X Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine 9 xx; X Losartan 29 iv; R,S Analgesic comb 1 xx; X Losartan potassium and 11 iv; R,S hydrochlorothiazide Anovlar 1 xii; Lotrisone 2 xv; X A,D,F,J,L Antifungals for topical use 1 xv; X Lubiprostone 1 xx; X Antihistamines for topical use 1 xi; X Lutein zeaxanthin 1 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Antrolin 1 iv; Lymecycline 1 xv; X A,F,O,Q,R Aqueous 1 xx; X Lysine 3 xx; X Aripiprazole 8 viii; Q Macrogol 8 xx; X Armodafinil 1 xx; B,J Magaldrate 1 i; X Ascorbic acid 74 xx; X Magnesium 36 xx; X Asenapine 2 viii; D Magnosolv (magnesium 2 xx; X granules for solution) Aspirin 2 vi; P Manganese 1 xx; X Manuka honey 1 xx; X Aspirin and caffeine 3 vi; G,P Mebeverine 2 xx; X Aspirin/butalbital 5 iii; X Meclozine 4 xx; X Atenolol 27 iv; X Medinite 4 xi; A,R Atenolol / chlorthalidone 1 iv; X Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3 xiii; X Atorvastatin 21 vii; A,Q,R,S Mefenamic acid 3 vi; F,G,M Avena sativa 4 xx; X Melatonin 24 xx; X Azapentacene polysulfonate sodium 1 xx; X Meloxicam 14 vi; X Azathioprine 1 xx; X Men's multi 1 xx; X Azelaic acid 1 xx; X Menthol w/ methyl salicylate 1 xx; X Azelastine 4 xi; Mersyndol 2 ii; A,M A,D,G,J,R Azilsartan kamedoxomil and 1 iv; X Mesalazine 4 i; R,S chlorthalidone B complex 13 xx; X Metamizole 8 vi; X Bacitracin zinc, neomycin sulfate, 1 xv; X Metaxalone 2 xx; X and polymyxin b sulfate Baclofen 5 xx; X Metformin 80 x; X Beclometasone dipropionate 21 xiv; B,Q,R,S Metformin and glipizide 1 x; R Beclomethasone + formoterol 4 xiv; B,Q,R,S Metformina + glibenclamide 3 x; A,C,G,R fumarate Benazepril 4 iv; X Methadone 19 ii; A,B,D,L,K,M,N Bendroflumethiazide 4 iv; X Methenamine hippurate 1 xv; X Benzalkonium chloride 1 ix; X Methocarbamol 6 xx; X Benzatropine mesilate 2 xx; X Methylcellulose 3 xx; X Benzodiazepine derivatives 1 iii; X Methylphenidate hydrochloride 9 xx; X Benzonatate 4 xi; X Methylprednisolone 5 xiv; A,B,I,Q Bepotastine 1 xi; X Methylsulfonylmethane 1 xx; X Berocca calcium, magnesium 1 xx; X Metipranolol 1 iv; X Betahistine 2 xx; X Metoclopramide 13 i; A,D Betamethasone 21 xiv; B,R,S Metoprolol 57 iv; X Betamethasone w/calcipotriol 1 xiv; B,R,S Metoprolol tartrate 1 iv; X Betaxolol hydrochloride 1 xx; X Metronidazole 7 xv; A,G,R,S Bethanechol chloride 1 xx; X Mianserin 2 iii; A,D Bi predonium 4 iv; X Miconazole 3 xv; A,B,D,F,G,J,L,R Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Biafine 1 xx; X Miconazole + hydrocortisone 1 xv; A,B,D,F,G,J,L,R Bifidobacterium infantis 3 xx; X Micropil plus 1 xii; A,D,F,J,I,L,Q,R, S Bilastine 1 xi; X Midazolam 1 iii; X Bimatoprost 5 xx; X Milnacipran hydrochloride 1 xx; X Bimatoprost, timolol 1 xx; D Mineral supplements 4 xx; X Biotin 10 xx; X Minoxidil 1 iv; X Biotone massage cream 1 xx; X Mirtazapine 12 iii; X Bisacodyl 8 xx; X Mitomycin 1 xv; S Bismuth subsalicylate 3 i; X Mometasone 16 xiv; R,S Bisoprolol 37 iv; X Mometasone furoate and 6 xiv; R,S formoterol fumarate dihydrate Bisoprolol fumarate 3 iv; X Montelukast 1 xi; E,P,R,S Boron 1 xx; X Moroctocog alfa 1 xx; X Boron w/calcium/cimicifuga 1 xx; X Morphine 15 ii; M racemosa extract/F Boron 1 xx; X Movelat analgesic cream 1 xx; X w/chromium/copper/germanium/iodi ne/manganese Bortezomib 2 xx; J Multivitamin 232 xx; X Brimonidine tartrate 1 xx; X Multivitamin with minerals 23 xx; X Brimonidine tartrate, timolol maleate 1 xx; D Mupirocin 4 xv; X Bromazepam 11 iii; X Nabumetone 1 vi; X Bronchosedal 1 xi; R Nadolol 13 iv; X Brotizolam 3 iii; X Nadroparin 1 xx; X Budesonide 8 xiv; R Naftifine hydrochloride 1 xv; X Budesonide w/formoterol fumarate 10 xiv; R Naltrexone 1 xx; X Bumetanide 1 iv; X Naphazoline 1 xx; X Bupivacaine 1 xx; X Naproxen 78 vi; M,P Buprenorphine 4 ii; Naproxen and esomeprazole 1 vi; E,J,M,P A,D,F,J,L,M magnesium Buprenorphine w/naloxone 1 ii; Narine 2 xx; X A,D,F,J,L,M Buprenorphine/naloxone 14 ii; Nasal preparations 1 xx; X A,D,F,J,L,M Bupropion 36 iii; D,L Nebivolol 22 iv; A,C,D,F,G,J,L Buspirone 5 iii; X Nepafenac 1 vi; X Butalbital w/aspirin/caffeine 1 vi; F,P Neurogrisevit 1 xx; X Caffeine 2 xx; F Nicardipine hydrochloride 2 iv; A,C,Q,R Caladryl ferric oxide red, zinc oxide, 3 xx; X Nicorandil 1 iv; X and pramoxine hydrochloride Calcifediol 1 xx; X Nicotine 13 xx; N Calcipotriol 2 xx; X Nicotinic acid 4 xx; X Calcipotriol and betamethasone 5 xx; X Nifedipine 6 iv; A,O,Q,R Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Calcitonin 2 xx; X Nifurtoinol 1 xv; X Calcitriol 2 xx; X Nimesulide 2 vi; X Calcium 83 xx; X Nite-time cold medicine 1 xi; X Calcium + vitamin D3 4 xx; X Nitrazepam 1 iii; X Calcium carbonate 23 i; X Nitrofurantoin 2 xv; X Calcium carbonate + vitamin D3 1 xx; X Nolotil 1 vi; X Candesartan 10 iv; R Nonacog alfa 1 xx; X Candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 5 iv; R Nordazepam 1 iii; X Cannabis sativa 13 xx; X Norethisterone 1 xii; A,D,F,J,I,L Capiven 1 xx; X Normensal 1 xii; A,D,F,J,L Capsaicin 1 xx; X Novomix 3 x; E Captopril 2 iv; O Nystatin 1 xv; R,S Carisoprodol 11 xx; X Octocog alfa 6 xx; X Carmellose 4 xx; X Ocuvite 3 xx; X Carvedilol 13 iv; M,O Oestriol + oestradiol 2 xiii; X Cefalexin 2 xv; X Ofloxacin 1 xv; F Cefuroxime sodium 1 xv; P Olanzapine 3 viii; A,D,F Celecoxib 4 vi; C,D,F,P Olmesartan 1 iv; R,S Ceralin forte 1 xx; X Olmesartan medoxomil 10 iv; R,S Certolizumab pegol 1 xx; X Olmesartan medoxomil- 5 iv; R,S hydrochlorothiazide Cetirizine 57 xi; X Olopatadine 1 xi; X Chloramphenicol 1 xv; G,J Olopatadine hydrochloride 2 xi; X Chlorhexidine 4 xx; X Omega-3 fatty acids 6 xx; X Chlorphenamine 3 xi; D Omeprazole 145 i; F,E,G,J,Q,S Chlortalidone 3 iv; X Ondansetron 13 i; X Chlorzoxazone 1 xx; X One a day 6 xx; X Chondroitin 3 xx; X Opipramol 2 iii; X Chromium picolinate 1 xx; X Oral contraceptive nos 1 xii; X Ciclesonide 5 xiv;
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