Supplemental Material

Table S1. Codes assigned to each drug class and category

Drug Class Code Drug Category Code Drug Category Code

Control group xx Control group X Proton pump inhibitors/GI agents (does not include ) i CYP3A4/5/7 CYP2B6

Opioids ii Inhibitor A Inhibitor K Anti-depressants/anxiolytics/ benzodiazepines/barbiturates iii Inducer B Inducer L

Antihypertensives iv CYP2C8 UGTs

PDE5 inhibitors v Inhibitor C Inhibitor M

Nonopioid analgesics vi CYP2D6 Inducer N Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) and lipid-lowering agents vii Inhibitor D P-gp

Antipsychotics viii CYP1A2 Inhibitor O

Anti-epileptic drugs/anticonvulsants ix Inhibitor E MRP2

Antidiabetics x Inducer F Inhibitor P Antihistamines/anti-allergics/respiratory agents xi CYP2C9 BCRP

Hormonal contraceptives xii Inhibitor G Inhibitor Q

Hormonal replacement therapies xiii Inducer H OATP1B1

Steroids xiv CYP2C19 Inhibitor R

Anti-infectives xv Inhibitor I OATP1B3

Inducer J Inhibitor S

Table S2. Drug classes and categories assigned to each and number of patients receiving each medication

Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Acarbose 1 x; X Ipratropium bromide 5 xi; X Acebutolol hydrochloride 1 iv; X Ipratropium bromide and 6 xi; X albuterol Acetaminophen 1 xi; X Irbesartan 6 iv; A,C,F,G,S Acetaminophen / chlorpheniramine / 1 xi; X Iron 10 xx; X pseudoephedrine Acetaminophen, aspirin 12 vi; A,G,P Isotretinoin 1 xx; A,C Acetylcysteine 4 xx; X Joint food 2 xx; X Acetylsalicylic acid 163 vi; G,P 3 xv; A,C,F,G,J,L,M, O,R,S Aciclovir 20 xv; F Ketoprofen 2 vi; J,P Acidovert 1 i; X Ketorolac tromethamine 3 vi; X Actifed 2 xi; D Lacosamide 1 ix; J Adalimumab 1 xx; X Lactobacillus acidophilus 6 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Adapalene and benzoyl peroxide 1 xx; X 12 xx; X Ademetionine 2 xx; X Lamotrigine 7 ix; M,N Adrenal complex 1 xx; X Lansoprazole 24 i; E,Q Aktiferrin 1 xx; X Latanoprost 4 xx; X Akwa tears (Eye lubricants) 2 xx; X Latanoprost + timolol 1 xx; D Aldactazide a 1 iv; C,M,R Lecithin 1 xx; X Aldactazine 1 iv; C,M,R Leflunomide 1 xx; G Alendronate 8 xx; X Lekovit ca ( with 15 xx; X vitamin D) Alimemazine tartrate 2 xi; X Lenoltec with no 1 3 ii; M (acetaminophen, codeine, and caffeine) Aliskiren and amlodipine 1 iv; A,Q,R Lercanidipine 5 iv; X All other non-therapeutic products 2 xx; X Levetiracetam 2 ix; X Allbee with C 1 xx; X Levocarnitine 2 xx; X Allergen extracts 1 xx; X Levocetirizine 5 xi; X Allium sativum 5 xx; X Levofloxacin 3 xv; X Allopurinol 8 xx; F Levonorgestrel 3 xii; A,D,F,J,L Almotriptan 1 xx; X Levothyroxine 170 xiii; R,S Alprazolam 56 iii; A Lidocaine 2 xx; F Aluminum hydroxide and 6 i; X 1 xx; X carbonate Amantadine 2 xv; X Linagliptin w/metformin 1 x; O Amfetamine 1 xx; X Linoladiol hn 1 xiii; X Amino acids nos w/vitamins nos 1 xx; X Linolenic acid 1 xx; X Aminocaproic acid 1 xx; X Linum usitatissimum oil 5 xx; X Aminophylline 1 xi; X Liothyronine 4 xiii; X Aminosalicylic acid 1 xx; X Lisdexamfetamine mesilate 2 xx; X Amisulpride 1 viii; X Lisinopril 111 iv; X Amitriptyline 10 iii; D Lisinopril / 28 iv; X hydrochlorothiazide Amlodipine 94 iv; A,Q,R Lithium 3 viii; X Amlodipine besylate and olmesartan 4 iv; A,Q,R,S 17 ii; A medoxomil Amlodipine besylate w/benazepril 6 iv; A,Q,R Loprazolam mesilate 2 iii; X Ammonium lactate 1 xx; X Loratadine 26 xi; X Amorolfine 1 xv; X Loratadine w/ pseudoephedrine 1 xi; X Amoxicillin 11 xv; X Lorazepam 60 iii; X Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 1 xv; X Lormetazepam 6 iii; X Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine 9 xx; X Losartan 29 iv; R,S Analgesic comb 1 xx; X Losartan potassium and 11 iv; R,S hydrochlorothiazide Anovlar 1 xii; Lotrisone 2 xv; X A,D,F,J,L Antifungals for topical use 1 xv; X 1 xx; X Antihistamines for topical use 1 xi; X Lutein zeaxanthin 1 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Antrolin 1 iv; Lymecycline 1 xv; X A,F,O,Q,R Aqueous 1 xx; X Lysine 3 xx; X 8 viii; Q 8 xx; X Armodafinil 1 xx; B,J Magaldrate 1 i; X Ascorbic acid 74 xx; X Magnesium 36 xx; X Asenapine 2 viii; D Magnosolv (magnesium 2 xx; X granules for solution) Aspirin 2 vi; P Manganese 1 xx; X Manuka honey 1 xx; X Aspirin and caffeine 3 vi; G,P Mebeverine 2 xx; X Aspirin/butalbital 5 iii; X Meclozine 4 xx; X Atenolol 27 iv; X Medinite 4 xi; A,R Atenolol / chlorthalidone 1 iv; X Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3 xiii; X Atorvastatin 21 vii; A,Q,R,S Mefenamic acid 3 vi; F,G,M Avena sativa 4 xx; X Melatonin 24 xx; X Azapentacene polysulfonate sodium 1 xx; X Meloxicam 14 vi; X Azathioprine 1 xx; X Men's multi 1 xx; X Azelaic acid 1 xx; X Menthol w/ methyl salicylate 1 xx; X Azelastine 4 xi; Mersyndol 2 ii; A,M A,D,G,J,R Azilsartan kamedoxomil and 1 iv; X 4 i; R,S chlorthalidone B complex 13 xx; X Metamizole 8 vi; X Bacitracin zinc, sulfate, 1 xv; X Metaxalone 2 xx; X and sulfate Baclofen 5 xx; X Metformin 80 x; X dipropionate 21 xiv; B,Q,R,S Metformin and glipizide 1 x; R Beclomethasone + formoterol 4 xiv; B,Q,R,S Metformina + glibenclamide 3 x; A,C,G,R fumarate Benazepril 4 iv; X Methadone 19 ii; A,B,D,L,K,M,N Bendroflumethiazide 4 iv; X Methenamine hippurate 1 xv; X Benzalkonium chloride 1 ix; X Methocarbamol 6 xx; X Benzatropine mesilate 2 xx; X Methylcellulose 3 xx; X Benzodiazepine derivatives 1 iii; X Methylphenidate hydrochloride 9 xx; X Benzonatate 4 xi; X 5 xiv; A,B,I,Q Bepotastine 1 xi; X Methylsulfonylmethane 1 xx; X Berocca calcium, magnesium 1 xx; X Metipranolol 1 iv; X Betahistine 2 xx; X Metoclopramide 13 i; A,D 21 xiv; B,R,S Metoprolol 57 iv; X Betamethasone w/calcipotriol 1 xiv; B,R,S Metoprolol tartrate 1 iv; X Betaxolol hydrochloride 1 xx; X Metronidazole 7 xv; A,G,R,S Bethanechol chloride 1 xx; X Mianserin 2 iii; A,D Bi predonium 4 iv; X 3 xv; A,B,D,F,G,J,L,R Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Biafine 1 xx; X Miconazole + 1 xv; A,B,D,F,G,J,L,R Bifidobacterium infantis 3 xx; X Micropil plus 1 xii; A,D,F,J,I,L,Q,R, S Bilastine 1 xi; X Midazolam 1 iii; X Bimatoprost 5 xx; X Milnacipran hydrochloride 1 xx; X Bimatoprost, timolol 1 xx; D Mineral supplements 4 xx; X Biotin 10 xx; X Minoxidil 1 iv; X Biotone massage cream 1 xx; X 12 iii; X 8 xx; X Mitomycin 1 xv; S Bismuth subsalicylate 3 i; X 16 xiv; R,S Bisoprolol 37 iv; X Mometasone furoate and 6 xiv; R,S formoterol fumarate dihydrate Bisoprolol fumarate 3 iv; X Montelukast 1 xi; E,P,R,S Boron 1 xx; X Moroctocog alfa 1 xx; X Boron w/calcium/cimicifuga 1 xx; X 15 ii; M racemosa extract/F Boron 1 xx; X Movelat analgesic cream 1 xx; X w/chromium/copper/germanium/iodi ne/manganese Bortezomib 2 xx; J Multivitamin 232 xx; X Brimonidine tartrate 1 xx; X Multivitamin with minerals 23 xx; X Brimonidine tartrate, timolol maleate 1 xx; D Mupirocin 4 xv; X Bromazepam 11 iii; X Nabumetone 1 vi; X Bronchosedal 1 xi; R Nadolol 13 iv; X Brotizolam 3 iii; X Nadroparin 1 xx; X 8 xiv; R Naftifine hydrochloride 1 xv; X Budesonide w/formoterol fumarate 10 xiv; R Naltrexone 1 xx; X Bumetanide 1 iv; X Naphazoline 1 xx; X Bupivacaine 1 xx; X Naproxen 78 vi; M,P Buprenorphine 4 ii; Naproxen and esomeprazole 1 vi; E,J,M,P A,D,F,J,L,M magnesium Buprenorphine w/ 1 ii; Narine 2 xx; X A,D,F,J,L,M Buprenorphine/naloxone 14 ii; Nasal preparations 1 xx; X A,D,F,J,L,M Bupropion 36 iii; D,L Nebivolol 22 iv; A,C,D,F,G,J,L 5 iii; X Nepafenac 1 vi; X Butalbital w/aspirin/caffeine 1 vi; F,P Neurogrisevit 1 xx; X Caffeine 2 xx; F Nicardipine hydrochloride 2 iv; A,C,Q,R Caladryl ferric oxide red, zinc oxide, 3 xx; X Nicorandil 1 iv; X and pramoxine hydrochloride Calcifediol 1 xx; X Nicotine 13 xx; N Calcipotriol 2 xx; X Nicotinic acid 4 xx; X Calcipotriol and betamethasone 5 xx; X Nifedipine 6 iv; A,O,Q,R Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Calcitonin 2 xx; X Nifurtoinol 1 xv; X Calcitriol 2 xx; X Nimesulide 2 vi; X Calcium 83 xx; X Nite-time cold medicine 1 xi; X Calcium + vitamin D3 4 xx; X Nitrazepam 1 iii; X Calcium carbonate 23 i; X Nitrofurantoin 2 xv; X Calcium carbonate + vitamin D3 1 xx; X Nolotil 1 vi; X Candesartan 10 iv; R Nonacog alfa 1 xx; X Candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 5 iv; R Nordazepam 1 iii; X Cannabis sativa 13 xx; X Norethisterone 1 xii; A,D,F,J,I,L Capiven 1 xx; X Normensal 1 xii; A,D,F,J,L Capsaicin 1 xx; X Novomix 3 x; E Captopril 2 iv; O 1 xv; R,S Carisoprodol 11 xx; X Octocog alfa 6 xx; X Carmellose 4 xx; X Ocuvite 3 xx; X Carvedilol 13 iv; M,O Oestriol + oestradiol 2 xiii; X Cefalexin 2 xv; X Ofloxacin 1 xv; F Cefuroxime sodium 1 xv; P 3 viii; A,D,F Celecoxib 4 vi; C,D,F,P Olmesartan 1 iv; R,S Ceralin forte 1 xx; X Olmesartan medoxomil 10 iv; R,S Certolizumab pegol 1 xx; X Olmesartan medoxomil- 5 iv; R,S hydrochlorothiazide 57 xi; X Olopatadine 1 xi; X Chloramphenicol 1 xv; G,J Olopatadine hydrochloride 2 xi; X Chlorhexidine 4 xx; X Omega-3 fatty acids 6 xx; X Chlorphenamine 3 xi; D Omeprazole 145 i; F,E,G,J,Q,S Chlortalidone 3 iv; X Ondansetron 13 i; X Chlorzoxazone 1 xx; X One a day 6 xx; X Chondroitin 3 xx; X 2 iii; X Chromium picolinate 1 xx; X Oral contraceptive nos 1 xii; X 5 xiv; X Ornithine aspartate 1 xx; X Ciclopirox 3 xv; X Orphenadrine 1 xx; X Ciclosporin 2 xx; Osteo bi-flex 3 xx; X A,O,P,Q,R,S Cimicifuga racemosa extract 3 xx; X Other cold preparations 1 xx; X Cinitapride tartrate 1 i; X Other dermatological 3 xx; X preparations Cinolazepam 1 iii; X Other dermatologicals 1 xx; X 3 xv; A,F Other emollients and 2 xx; X protectives Citalopram 45 iii; D,F,J Other lipid modifying agents 1 xx; X Citicoline 1 xx; X Other nutrients 2 xx; X Clindamycin 2 xv; X Other ophthalmologicals 1 xx; X 25 xiv; X Otosporin 1 xx; X Clomipramine hydrochloride 1 iii; D,M Oxazepam 7 iii; X Clonazepam 32 iii; X Oxybutynin 3 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Clonidine 9 iv; X Oxycocet 18 ii; X Clopidogrel 8 iv; G,L,R Oxycodone 33 ii; X Clorazepate dipotassium 1 iii; X Oxycodone/acetaminophen 2 ii; X Clotrimazole 2 xv; Oxygen 1 xx; X A,B,C,D,F,G ,H,J,L,K,N,R 1 viii; A,D Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 5 xi; X Coal tar 1 xx; X Oxymorphone 1 ii; X Cocos nucifera oil 1 xx; X Oxytetracycline 1 xv; X Codeine 7 ii; M Paliperidone 2 viii; O Codeine phosphate and guaifenesin 1 xi; M Panadeine co 20 ii; M Codeine/guaifenesin 2 xi; M Pancreatin 1 xx; X Co-diovan 8 iv; P,R Pantoprazole 63 i; Q,R Cod-liver oil 4 xx; X Paracetamol 204 vi; A Colchicine 2 xx; X Paracetamol + caffeine 2 xx; X Colecalciferol 60 xx; X Paracetamol and 1 ii; X dihydrocodeine Colesevelam 4 vii; X Paracetamol/dihydrocodeine 1 ii; A Colestyramine 4 vii; X Paraffin 6 xx; X Coloxyl with senna 1 xx; X Parapic 1 xx; D,F 1 xiv; X Paroxetine 23 iii; A,D,F,G,J,L,O 1 xiv; X Pelago (unknown) 2 xx; X Cough and cold preparations 2 xi; X Penciclovir 1 xv; X Cream e45 4 xx; X Pentosan polysulfate sodium 1 xx; X Cromoglicate sodium 2 xi; X Pentoxifylline 6 xx; X 2 xi; X Perdiem () 1 xx; X Curcuma longa rhizome 2 xx; Q Perindopril 17 iv; X Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum 1 xx; X Perindopril/amlodipine 1 iv; A,Q,R Cyanocobalamin 47 xx; X 1 viii; D,F Cyclobenzaprine 27 xx; X Pheniramine 1 xi; X Cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1 xx; X Phenobarbital 1 iii; X Darifenacin hydrobromide 1 xx; X Phenprocoumon 2 xx; X Delorazepam 1 iii; X Phentermine 2 xx; X Denosumab 4 xx; X Phenylephrine hydrochloride 3 xi; X Dermatologicals 1 xx; X Phosphoneuros 2 xx; X Desloratadine 9 xi; X Phytomenadione 1 xx; X Desmopressin acetate 1 xx; X Piketoprofen 1 vi; X 1 xii; Pimecrolimus 1 xx; X A,D,F,J,L 4 xiv; X Piperacillin/tazobactam 1 xv; X Desvenlafaxine succinate 5 iii; D Piracetam 1 xx; X 1 xiv; Piroxicam 3 vi; G,P A,B,C,I,K,N, Q,R,S Dexamfetamine sulfate 2 xx; X Pizotifen malate 1 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Dexeryl dermatological cream 7 xx; X Plantago afra (herbal) 12 xx; X Dexibuprofen 1 vi; G,P,R,S Plasma protein fraction 1 xx; X (human) Dexlansoprazole 9 i; E,Q Polycarbophil calcium 2 xx; X Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride 1 xx; X Polyethyl glyc w/ potas 4 xx; X chlor/sod bicarb Dexpanthenol 2 xx; X Potassium 27 xx; X Dextromethorphan hbr, guaifenesin 2 xx; X Pramipexole dihydrochloride 2 xx; D Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 1 xi; R Pramlintide acetate 1 x; X Diamorphine hydrochloride 1 ii; X Prasterone 3 xx; X Diazepam 31 iii; M,R,S Pravastatin 10 vii; P,R,S Prazepam 3 iii; X Diclofenac 20 vi; 1 xiv; X C,F,G,M,P,Q ,R,S Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol 1 vi; P,Q,R,S 3 xiv; A,B,I,S Dicloxacillin sodium monohydrate 1 xv; R,S 4 xiv; A,B,I,S Dicycloverine 5 i; X Pregabalin 14 ix; X Digestives enzymes 2 xx; X 1 xiv; B Dihydrocodeine 4 ii; X Prenatal (vitamin supplement) 1 xx; X Diltiazem 13 iv; Preparation H 3 xx; X A,D,F,O,R,S Dimenhydrinate 3 xi; D Prevalon (dietary supplement) 1 xx; X Dimetindene maleate 1 xi; X Probiotics 10 xx; X Diosmectite 1 i; X 1 viii; Q Diosmin 5 xx; X Procyclidine 1 xx; X Diphenhydramine 55 xi; D 14 xiii; R,S Diphenhydramine hydrochloride 1 xi; D Promethazine 14 xi; D,G,Q Diphenhydramine 7 xi; A,D Propiomazine maleate 1 xx; X hydrochloride/paracetamol hydrochloride 2 xx; X Propiverine hydrochloride 1 xx; X Diprobase 8 xx; X Propranolol 32 iv; F Dipyridamole 1 v; A,O,R,S Protein supplements 1 xx; X Docosanol 3 xv; X Provella-14 (probiotic dietary 2 xx; X supplement) 13 xx; X Prunus africana extract 1 xx; X Domperidone 3 xx; Q Pseudoephedrine 11 xi; X Donepezil hydrochloride 1 xx; X Pyridoxine hydrochloride 6 xx; X Dorzolamide 1 xx; X Quetiapine fumarate 14 viii; X Dorzolamide hydrochloride and 1 xx; X Quinapril hydrochloride 3 iv; X timolol maleate Dosulepin 2 iii; X Quinidine gluconate 1 iv; A,D,O Doxazosin 9 iv; X Rabeprazole 8 i; Q Doxepin 4 iii; D Ramipril 51 iv; R,S Doxycycline 3 xv; A Ranitidine 34 i; A,D Doxylamine succinate 1 xi; X Retinol 5 xx; X Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Drospirenone w/ethinylestradiol 2 xii; Rhinaris nasal spray 2 xx; X A,D,F,J,L,N, R Drugs used in dependence 1 ii; X Ribavirin 1 xx; X Duloxetine hydrochloride 11 iii; D 4 xv; X Durapatite 1 xx; X Risedronate sodium 4 xx; X Dutasteride 1 xx; X Risperidone 6 viii; X Dydrogesterone 1 xiii; R,S Ristfor 3 x; X Econazole 1 xv; A,B Rituximab 1 xx; X Electrolytes nos w/Macrogol 3350 1 xx; X Rizatriptan benzoate 1 xx; X Emergen C 2 xx; X Ropinirole 4 xx; D,F Emestar plus 1 iv; X Rosuvastatin 5 vii; P,Q,R,S Emollients and protectives 9 xx; X Saccharomyces boulardii 1 xx; X Enalapril 22 iv; X Salbutamol 87 xi; X Enalapril maleate w/ lercanidipin 1 iv; X Salbutamol w/ipratropium 1 xi; X HCL Enalapril 2 iv; X Salicylic acid 1 vi; P maleate/hydrochlorothiazide Epaderm skin cream 1 xx; X Salmon oil 1 xx; X Epinephrine 1 xx; X Salsalate 1 vi; X Epoetin beta 1 xx; X Salvia hispanica 1 xx; X Ergocalciferol 126 xx; X Sarna (anti itching cream) 1 xx; X Erythropoietin 1 xx; X Selenium 5 xx; X Escitalopram 56 iii; D Senna alexandrina 3 xx; X Esomeprazole 37 i; E,J Serenoa repens 3 xx; X Essential oils nos 1 xx; X Seretide 5 xiv; X Estalis sequidot 1 xx; X Sertraline 36 iii; A,D,F,G,J,L Estradiol 38 xiii; Q,R,S Sesamum indicum seed oil 1 xx; X Estradiol + norethisterone 1 xiii; Q,R,S 10 v; A,B,G,R,S Estradiol/norgestimate 1 xii; Q,R,S Silodosin 1 xx; X Estrogen nos w/ methyltestosterone 9 xiii; Q,R,S Simeco 1 i; X Eszopiclone 10 iii; X Simeticone 3 i; X Etanercept 2 xx; X Simvastatin 7 vii; P,Q,R Ethanol w/hydrocodone w/ 1 xx; A Sitagliptin 6 x; X paracetamol Ethinyl estradiol + levonorgestrel 5 xii; Sodium bicarbonate 3 i; X A,D,F,J,L Ethinyl estradiol + norethindrone 1 xii; Sodium monofluorophosphate 4 xx; X acetate A,D,F,J,I,L Ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel 1 xii; Soframycine naphtazoline 1 xv; X A,D,F,J,L,Q, R,S Ethinylestradiol and norgestimate 1 xii; Solpadeine 2 ii; M A,D,F,J,L Ethyl loflazepate 2 iii; X Sorbolene 3 xx; X 2 xii; Sotalol 1 iv; X A,D,F,J,L Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol 2 xii; Spaglumic acid 1 xx; X A,D,F,J,L Etoricoxib 4 vi; F Spironolactone 13 iv; C,M,R Eucerin 3 xx; X Stomatologicals, mouth 2 xx; X preparations Exenatide 2 x; X Strontium ranelate 1 xx; X Ezetimibe 7 vii; Sucralfate 3 i; X L,M,P,R,S Factor ix 1 xx; X Sulfacetamide w/sulfur 2 xx; X Factor viii (antihaemophilic factor) 6 xx; X Sulfamethoxazole and 1 xv; X trimethoprim Factor xiii (fibrin stabilising factor) 1 xx; X 2 xv; G,Q,R,S Famciclovir 1 xv; X Sulpiride 2 viii; X Famotidine 16 i; F Sumatriptan 16 xx; X Febuxostat 1 xx; D Super B complex 1 xx; X Felodipine 3 iv; A,C,L,O 7 v; A,F,G,R,S Fenofibrate 5 vii; C,G,L,R Tamsulosin 23 xx; X Fenoter/ipratrop 5 xi; X Tapentadol hydrochloride 1 ii; D Fentanyl 3 ii; A,B,D,O Taurine 1 xx; X Fenticonazole nitrate 1 xv; X 1 xx; X Ferric hydroxide polymaltose 16 xx; X Telmisartan 5 iv; J,O,R,S complex Fexofenadine 20 xi; R,S Telmisartan and 4 iv; J,O,R,S hydrochlorothiazide Fexofenadine hydrochloride and 2 xi; R,S Temazepam 23 iii; X pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Finasteride 18 xx; X Terazosin 9 iv; X Fish oil 105 xx; X Terbinafine hydrochloride 1 xv; D,F Flecainide 3 iv; D Terbutaline sulfate 1 xv; D,F Floucalcic 1 xx; X Testosterone 15 xiii; X Flucloxacillin 1 xv; X Tetrazepam 2 iii; X Fluconazole 1 xv; A,G,J Theophylline 2 xi; F Flunitrazepam 1 iii; M Thiamazole 4 xx; X acetonide 3 xiv; X Thiamine 3 xx; X 5 xiv; X Thiocolchicoside 1 xx; X Fluorouracil 1 xx; G,S Thioctic acid 4 xx; X Fluoxetine 26 iii; Thomapyrin n 7 vi; A,G,P A,D,G,J,L decanoate 2 viii; X Thyroid 2 xiii; X Flurbiprofen 2 vi; G Tianeptine sodium 1 iii; X 19 xiv; X 1 xiii; X Fluvastatin 1 vii; Tiger balm 1 xx; X B,G,K,P,Q,R ,S Fluvoxamine maleate 1 iii; Tilactase 2 xx; X A,C,D,F,G,J, L,O Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Folic acid 17 xx; X Timolol 2 iv; D Formoterol fumarate 4 xi; X Tiotropium 14 xi; X Fosfomycin trometamol 1 xv; X Tizanidine 8 xx; X Fosinopril 4 iv; Q Tocopherol 35 xx; X Fosinopril 1 iv; Q Tolnaftate 2 xv; X sodium/hydrochlorothiazide Frovatriptan succinate monohydrate 1 xx; X Tolterodine l-tartrate 2 xx; X Furazolidone 1 xv; X Topiramate 5 ix; B,J Furosemide 17 iv; M,P Torasemide 1 iv; X Gabapentin 34 ix; X Toronorm (potassium citrate, 1 xx; X sodium citrate) Gamma-aminobutyric acid 1 xx; X Tramadol 56 ii; D Gelatin 1 xx; X Tramadol hydrochloride and 2 xx; X acetaminophen Genistein 1 xx; X Trandolapril 2 iv; X Ginkgo biloba 2 xx; A,I Trandolapril/verapamil 1 iv; A,D,F,O,R,S hydrochloride Glatiramer acetate 1 xx; X Tranexamic acid 2 xx; X Glibenclamide 3 x; A,C,G,R 51 iii; X Glibenclamide/metformin 1 x; A,C,G,R Tretinoin 2 xx; X Gliclazide 6 x; R 15 xiv; A,B,C Glimepiride 8 x; R,S Triamterene 3 iv; F Glipizide 12 x; R Tribenzor (olmesartan 2 iv; A,Q,R,S medoxomil, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide) Glucosamine 23 xx; X Trimetazidine hydrochloride 1 iv; X Glucosamine w/ chondroitin sulfate 9 xx; X Trimipramine 1 iii; X Glutamic acid 1 xx; X Trimovate cream ( 1 xiv; X butyrate, calcium oxytetracycline and nystatin) Glutathione 1 xx; X Triticum aestivum germ oil 1 xx; X Glyceryl trinitrate 8 iv; X Trolamine salicylate 1 xx; X Glycine max extract 1 xx; X Trophicard (magnesium 1 xx; X aspartate and potassium aspartate) Guaifenesin 10 xi; X Tryptophan 1 xx; X Human mixtard 1 xx; X Twinrix (vaccine for hepatitis 1 xx; X A and B) Hyaluronate sodium 2 xx; X Ubidecarenone 22 xx; X Hydralazine 3 iv; D propionate 1 xiv; X Hydrochlorothiazide 94 iv; X Ultralan plain 1 xx; X Hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene 5 iv; X Unspecified herbal 9 xx; X Hydrochlorothiazide w/losartan 2 iv; R,S Urea 2 xx; X Hydrochlorthiazide + irbesartan 4 iv; Ursodeoxycholic acid 4 xx; R,S A,C,F,G,S Hydrocodone 14 ii; X Valaciclovir 25 xv; F Number Number of Drug class; of Drug class; Medication Patients category* Medication Patients category* Hydrocodone bitartrate and 55 ii; X Valoron n (noloxone or 1 ii; L acetaminophen tilidine) Hydrocodone 1 ii; A,M Valproate semisodium 8 ix; G,M bitartrate/acetaminophen Hydrocortisone 30 xiv; B,R Valsartan 17 iv; P,R and 4 xiv; B,R Valsartan/anlodipine 2 iv; A,P,Q,R pramoxine hydrochloride Hydromol 1 xx; X hydrochloride 3 v; A Hydromorphone 8 ii; X Varenicline 2 xx; X Hydroquinone 1 xx; X Venlafaxine 26 iii; X Hydroxycarbamide 1 xx; X Verapamil 4 iv; A,D,F,O,R,S Hydroxychloroquine 5 xv; D hydrochloride 4 iii; A,C,D,F,G,J 24 xi; D,R,S Vincents 1 xx; X (acetaminophen/aspirin/caffein e) Hyoscine butylbromide 1 xx; X Vitamin B 2 xx; X Hyoscyamine sulfate 2 i; X Vitamins 45 xx; X Hypromellose 4 xx; X Warfarin sodium 1 xv; G,R Ibandronate sodium 4 xx; X Xerial (foot cream) 1 xx; X Ibuprofen 261 vi; G,P,R,S Xylometazoline 4 xi; X Ibuprofen and diphenhydramine 6 vi; G,P,R,S Yeast dried 1 xx; X citrate Ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine 2 vi; G,P,R,S Zafirlukast 2 xi; A,F,G,P hydrochloride Icar-C (iron and vitamin C 2 xx; X Zaleplon 1 xi; X supplement) Imipramine 1 iii; D,O Zinc 9 xx; X Imiquimod 1 xx; X hydrochloride 2 viii; X Indapamide 6 iv; X Zoledronic acid 2 xx; X Indometacin 4 vi; Zolpidem 76 iii; X C,G,J,M,P,R, S Insulin 54 x; E Zonisamide 1 ix; X Intrauterine contraceptive device 2 xx; X Zopiclone 29 iii; X Intravaginal contraceptives 1 xx; X

*Each medication was assigned one or more codes based on the drug classes and categories shown in the list in Table S1. As described in the Methods, a 6-week criterion was used to indicate that a patient had taken a medication with the 3D ± ribavirin regimen. Accordingly, an indicator was assigned in the dataset for each patient under a class or category(ies) represented by the comedication. This list includes some comedications from the screening period.