The Evolution of Field Music in the United States Army
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-EAU CLAIRE REVEILLE TO RETREAT: THE EVOLUTION OF FIELD MUSIC IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY, 1775-1918 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY KYLE J. HUDICK EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN MAY 14, 2008 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….……………………….2 1. A REVOLUTIONARY START……………………………….……………………………….4 2. FIFES ON THE FRONTIER………………………………………………………………....11 3. CIVIL WAR………………………………………………………………………….………..16 4. “BOOTS AND SADDLES”…………………………………………………………………..27 CONCLUSION...………………………………………………………………………………...33 APPENDIX Part I: Von Steuben‟s Beats and Signals...…………………………………………………35 Part II: Evolution of Reveille in the Nineteenth-Century…………………………...............38 Part III: Upton‟s Reorganization…………………………………………………………..42 Part IV: Modern Bugle Calls………………………………………………………….........52 WORKS CITED….……………………………………………………………………………....53 1 Introduction It was 5:45 p.m. on the first day of Basic Training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and the recruits were terrified. Immediately upon stepping from their cattle trucks, drill sergeants had verbally assaulted each and every new soldier. Now, standing in a small formation of twenty recruits, three more drill sergeants in “Smokey Bear” hats and screwed-up faces continued the harangue. None of these recruits even understood for what reason they were being victimized. Suddenly, the crisp, shrill notes of a bugle pumped over the loudspeaker. The drill sergeants stiffened. One of them took a deep breath and bellowed, “Platoon –- Parade, Rest! Present, Arms!” Twenty awkward arms snapped in salute to an unseen flag in a ceremony few, if any, understood. I was one of those recruits. No one ever told me the meaning or function of those bugle calls that I heard throughout my time in basic training. Seven years later, that was still the case. With the exception of the morning and evening flag ceremonies, the bugle calls heard on Fort Sill, Oklahoma and Fort McCoy, Wisconsin – while identical – still remain a mystery.
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