Nippon Life Insurance Company Request 25 April 2016
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Transforming Sundanese Script: from Palm Leaf to Digital Typography
Transforming Sundanese Script: From Palm Leaf to Digital Typography PRESENTER’S IDENTITY HERE Name: Agung Zainal M. Raden, Rustopo, Timbul Haryono Affiliation: Program Doktor ISI Surakarta Abstract Code: ABS-ICOLLITE-20026 Transforming Sundanese Script: From Palm Leaf to Digital Typography AGUNG ZAINAL MUTTAKIN RADEN, RUSTOPO, TIMBUL HARYONO ABSTRACT The impact of globalisation is the lost of local culture, transformation is an attempt to offset the global culture. This article will discuss the transformation process from the Sundanese script contained in palm leaf media to the modern Sundanese script in the form of digital typography. The method used is transformation, which can be applied to rediscover the ancient Sundanese script within the new form known as the modern Sundanese script that it is relevant to modern society. Transformation aims to maintain local culture from global cultural domination. This article discovers the way Sundanese people reinvent their identity through the transformation from ancient Sundanese script to modern Sundanese script by designing a new form of script in order to follow the global technological developments. Keywords: Sundanese script, digital typography, transformation, reinventing, globalisation INTRODUCTION Sundanese ancient handwriting in palm leaf manuscripts is one of the cultural heritage that provides rich knowledge about past, recent, and the future of the Sundanese. The Sundanese script is a manifestation of Sundanese artefacts that contain many symbols and values Digitisation is the process of transforming analogue material into binary electronic (digital) form, especially for storage and use in a computer The dataset consists of three type of data: annotation at word level, annotation at character level, and binarised images Unicode is a universal character encoding standard used for representation of text for computer processing METHODS Transforming: Aims to reinvent an old form of tradition so that it fits into and suits contemporary lifestyles. -
The Development of Iqra' Lampung Script Teaching Materials for Primary School Levels in Bandar Lampung City
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021, VOL. 1, NO. 1, 38 – 43 OPEN ACCESS The development of Iqra' Lampung script teaching materials for primary school levels in Bandar Lampung city Ali Imron1 1Department of History Education, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The Lampung Provincial Government requires all primary and secondary schools to Language; Lampung script: provide Lampung language lessons and introduction to Lampung script. Some learning; teaching material; students only recognize the Lampung Khaganga script, which amounts to 20 primary school characters, while the combination of the main character and 12 characters that produces 560 syllables of the Lampung script is not yet fully understood. In fact, knowledge of Lampung script is still lacking, even some students do not understand Lampung script, it can be said that learning Lampung script at elementary school level has not been successful. This could be due to a lack of modules (teaching materials) that support learning. The research aims to develop Lampung language teaching materials in Lampung script material in the form of Iqra' Lampung script as teaching material for elementary school level. This study adopted a research and development (R&D) method proposed by Gall, Borg & Gall (2007). The work step procedure includes: 1) preliminary study, 2) product development, 3) product validation test and revision. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the teaching material (module) is feasible because the average value is 4.588 from the teacher validator and 4.446 from the lecturer validator. If it is based on a scale of 5 it can be concluded that the Iqra' Lampung script teaching material has a very good value of teachers and good grades from expert lecturers in terms of material aspects, language, presentation, the effect of teaching materials on learning strategies, and overall appearance feasibility. -
The Ogham-Runes and El-Mushajjar
c L ite atu e Vo l x a t n t r n o . o R So . u P R e i t ed m he T a s . 1 1 87 " p r f ro y f r r , , r , THE OGHAM - RUNES AND EL - MUSHAJJAR A D STU Y . BY RICH A R D B URTO N F . , e ad J an uar 22 (R y , PART I . The O ham-Run es g . e n u IN tr ating this first portio of my s bj ect, the - I of i Ogham Runes , have made free use the mater als r John collected by Dr . Cha les Graves , Prof. Rhys , and other students, ending it with my own work in the Orkney Islands . i The Ogham character, the fair wr ting of ' Babel - loth ancient Irish literature , is called the , ’ Bethluis Bethlm snion e or , from its initial lett rs, like “ ” Gree co- oe Al hab e t a an d the Ph nician p , the Arabo “ ” Ab ad fl d H ebrew j . It may brie y be describe as f b ormed y straight or curved strokes , of various lengths , disposed either perpendicularly or obliquely to an angle of the substa nce upon which the letters n . were i cised , punched, or rubbed In monuments supposed to be more modern , the letters were traced , b T - N E E - A HE OGHAM RU S AND L M USH JJ A R . n not on the edge , but upon the face of the recipie t f n l o t sur ace ; the latter was origi al y wo d , s aves and tablets ; then stone, rude or worked ; and , lastly, metal , Th . -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Worthless Deities in the Hebrew Text
Worthless Deities Listed in the Hebrew Text by Kathryn QannaYahu I would like to thank my daughters Leviyah and Genevieve for their support, both encouragement and financial so that I could work on this study full time. I would also like to thank the Bozeman Public Library, especially Mary Ann Childs, who handled well over a hundred of my interlibrary loans during these two years. Subcategory Links Foreign Language Intro Study Intro Proto-Indo-Europeans and the Patriarchy From Clan Mother To Goddess Ancestor Worship/Cult of the Dead Therafiym Molek/Melek Nechushthan and Sherafiym Astral Cult Seal of God – Mark of the Beast Deities Amurru / Amorite Ugaritic / Canaanite Phoenician / Felishthiym [Philistine] / Carthaginian Syrian / Aramean Babylonian / Assyrian Map of Patron Deity City Names Reference Book List Foreign Language Intro This study incorporates many textual elements that need their own introduction because of all the languages presented. For the Hebrew, I use a Hebrew font that you will not be able to view without a download, unless you happen to have the font from another program. If you should see odd letters strung together where a name or word is being explained, you probably need the font. It is provided on my fonts page http://www.lebtahor.com/Resources/fonts.htm . Since Hebrew does not have an upper and lower case, another font used for the English quoting of the Tanak/Bible is the copperplate, which does not have a case. I use this font when quoting portions of the Tanak [Hebrew Bible], to avoid translator emphasis that capitalizing puts a slant on. -
Proposal for Generation Panel for Sinhala Script Label
Proposal for the Generation Panel for the Sinhala Script Label Generation Ruleset for the Root Zone 1 General information Sinhala belongs to the Indo-European language family with its roots deeply associated with Indo-Aryan sub family to which the languages such as Persian and Hindi belong. Although it is not very clear whether people in Sri Lanka spoke a dialect of Prakrit at the time of arrival of Buddhism in the island, there is enough evidence that Sinhala evolved from mixing of Sanskrit, Magadi (the language which was spoken in Magada Province of India where Lord Buddha was born) and local language which was spoken by people of Sri Lanka prior to the arrival of Vijaya, the founder of Sinhala Kingdom. It is also surmised that Sinhala had evolved from an ancient variant of Apabramsa (middle Indic) which is known as ‘Elu’. When tracing history of Elu, it was preceded by Hela or Pali Sihala. Sinhala though has close relationships with Indo Aryan languages which are spoken primarily in the north, north eastern and central India, was very much influenced by Tamil which belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. Though Sinhala is related closely to Indic languages, it also has its own unique characteristics: Sinhala has symbols for two vowels which are not found in any other Indic languages in India: ‘æ’ (ඇ) and ‘æ:’ (ඈ). Sinhala script had evolved from Southern Brahmi script from which almost all the Southern Indic Scripts such as Telugu and Oriya had evolved. Later Sinhala was influenced by Pallava Grantha writing of Southern India. -
Tai Lü / ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ Tai Lùe Romanization: KNAB 2012
Institute of the Estonian Language KNAB: Place Names Database 2012-10-11 Tai Lü / ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ Tai Lùe romanization: KNAB 2012 I. Consonant characters 1 ᦀ ’a 13 ᦌ sa 25 ᦘ pha 37 ᦤ da A 2 ᦁ a 14 ᦍ ya 26 ᦙ ma 38 ᦥ ba A 3 ᦂ k’a 15 ᦎ t’a 27 ᦚ f’a 39 ᦦ kw’a 4 ᦃ kh’a 16 ᦏ th’a 28 ᦛ v’a 40 ᦧ khw’a 5 ᦄ ng’a 17 ᦐ n’a 29 ᦜ l’a 41 ᦨ kwa 6 ᦅ ka 18 ᦑ ta 30 ᦝ fa 42 ᦩ khwa A 7 ᦆ kha 19 ᦒ tha 31 ᦞ va 43 ᦪ sw’a A A 8 ᦇ nga 20 ᦓ na 32 ᦟ la 44 ᦫ swa 9 ᦈ ts’a 21 ᦔ p’a 33 ᦠ h’a 45 ᧞ lae A 10 ᦉ s’a 22 ᦕ ph’a 34 ᦡ d’a 46 ᧟ laew A 11 ᦊ y’a 23 ᦖ m’a 35 ᦢ b’a 12 ᦋ tsa 24 ᦗ pa 36 ᦣ ha A Syllable-final forms of these characters: ᧅ -k, ᧂ -ng, ᧃ -n, ᧄ -m, ᧁ -u, ᧆ -d, ᧇ -b. See also Note D to Table II. II. Vowel characters (ᦀ stands for any consonant character) C 1 ᦀ a 6 ᦀᦴ u 11 ᦀᦹ ue 16 ᦀᦽ oi A 2 ᦰ ( ) 7 ᦵᦀ e 12 ᦵᦀᦲ oe 17 ᦀᦾ awy 3 ᦀᦱ aa 8 ᦶᦀ ae 13 ᦺᦀ ai 18 ᦀᦿ uei 4 ᦀᦲ i 9 ᦷᦀ o 14 ᦀᦻ aai 19 ᦀᧀ oei B D 5 ᦀᦳ ŭ,u 10 ᦀᦸ aw 15 ᦀᦼ ui A Indicates vowel shortness in the following cases: ᦀᦲᦰ ĭ [i], ᦵᦀᦰ ĕ [e], ᦶᦀᦰ ăe [ ∎ ], ᦷᦀᦰ ŏ [o], ᦀᦸᦰ ăw [ ], ᦀᦹᦰ ŭe [ ɯ ], ᦵᦀᦲᦰ ŏe [ ]. -
Problems with Unicode for Languages Unsupported by Computers
Problems with Unicode for Languages Unsupported by Computers Pat Hall, Language Technology Kendra, Patan, Nepal [email protected] Abstract If a language is to be used on the Internet it needs to be written and that writing encoded for the computer. The problems of achieving this for small languages is illustrated with respect to Nepal. Nepal has over 120 languages, with only the national language Nepali having any modern computer support. Nepali is relatively easy, since it is written in Devanagari which is also used for Hindi and other Indian languages, though with some local differences. I focus on the language of the Newar people, a language which has a mature written tradition spanning more than one thousand years, with several different styles of writing, and yet has no encoding of its writing within Unicode. Why has this happened? I explore this question, looking for answers in the view of technology of the people involved, in their different and possibly competing interests, and in the incentives for working on standards. I also explore what should be done about the many other unwritten and uncomputerised languages of Nepal. We are left with serious concerns about the standardisation process, but appreciate that encoding is critically important and we must work with the standardisation process as we find it.. Introduction If we are going to make knowledge written in our language available to everybody in their own languages, those languages must be written and that writing must be encoded in the computer. Those of us privileged to be native speakers of a world language such as English or Spanish may think this is straightforward, but it is not, as will be explained here. -
ED192569.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 192 569 FL 011 690 AUTHOR MacDougall, Bonnie Graham: de Abrew, Kamini TITLE Sinhala: Basic Course. Module 1: Beginning Signsand Letters. IN Foreign Service (Dept. of State), Washington,D.C. Foreign Service Inst. PUB DATE 79 NOTE 119p.: For related documents, see FL 011 699-700. Photographs will not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (No. 044-000-01764-4, $4.25) LANGUAGE English: Singhalese ErfS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Alphabets: Learning Modules: Postsecondary Education: Reading Instruction: SecondLanguage Instruction: *Singhalese: *Writing Instruction: Written Language ABSTRACT This course on the language of Sri Lanka is intended to be taken under d S=LL'hala-speaking instructor. Thismodule introduces the Sinhala writing system. The emphasisof the module is on letter recognition. Directions for writing the symbols in the "basic" alphabet are provided so that studentswill have a culturally appropriate and phonetically accurate method of writingdown words. Manv photographs of Sinhala signs are included. Each of2B lessons covers a specific aspect of reading and writing characters. With the addition of four practice reading sections at the conclusionof the module, this first part of the coursecan be completed in about 15 hours. ( 8) **** * ***** *** * * **** ******** * **** Reproductions supplied by ERRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *****4**************************************** **** ** MODULE I -
A Glimpse of Kirat-Yakthung (Limbu) Language, Writing, and Literacy
Journal of Global Literacies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2017, pp. 560-593 Delinking, Relinking, and Linking Methodologies: A Glimpse of Kirat-Yakthung (Limbu) Language, Writing, and Literacy Marohang Limbu1 Writing, Rhetoric, and American Cultures Michigan State University, USA Abstract: Limbus (Limboos), who are also known as “Yakthungs” or “Kirat-Yakthung” or “Kirats,” have/had their own unique culture, language, writing, and Mundhum rhetorics. After “Nun-Paani Sandhi” (Salt-Water Treaty) in 1774 with Khas-Aryas, they (Khas- Aryans) ideologically and Politically banned Limbus from teaching of their language, writing, and Mundhum rhetorics in Yakthung laje (Limbuwan). Because of the Khas-Aryan oPPression, Limbu culture had/has become oral-dominant; Yakthungs used/use oral- Performance-based Mundhum rhetorics to Preserve their culture, language, histories, and Mundhum rhetorics. The main PurPose of this article is to discuss the develoPment of Kirat-Yakthung’s writing and rhetoric and/or rise-fall-rise of Yakthung scriPt, writing, and literacy. The essay demonstrates how Kirat-Yakthung indigenous PeoPles are delinking (denaturalizing or unlearning) Khas-Aryan-, Indian-, and Western linguistic and/or cultural colonization, how they are relinking (revisiting or relandscaPing) their Susuwa Lilim and/or Sawa Yet Hang ePistemologies, and how they are linking their cultural and linguistic identities from local to global level. In this essay, I briefly discuss delinking, relinking, and linking methodology, and how Kirat-Yakthungs are translating it into Practice. This essay demonstrates Khas-Aryan intervention and/or Khas-Aryan paracolonial intervention in the develoPment of Kirat-Yakthung writing and literacy, and Kirat-Yakthungs’ resistance for their existence. -
5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Faltstrom, Ed. Request for Comments: 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721 The Unicode Code Points and Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) Abstract This document specifies rules for deciding whether a code point, considered in isolation or in context, is a candidate for inclusion in an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). It is part of the specification of Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications 2008 (IDNA2008). Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5892. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. -
2903 Date: 2005-08-22
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N2903 DATE: 2005-08-22 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - ISO/IEC 10646 Secretariat: ANSI DOC TYPE: Meeting Minutes TITLE: Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 46 Jinyan Hotel, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China; 2005-01-24/28 SOURCE: V.S. Umamaheswaran, Recording Secretary, and Mike Ksar, Convener PROJECT: JTC 1.02.18 – ISO/IEC 10646 STATUS: SC 2/WG 2 participants are requested to review the attached unconfirmed minutes, act on appropriate noted action items, and to send any comments or corrections to the convener as soon as possible but no later than 2005-09-05. ACTION ID: ACT DUE DATE: 2005-09-05 DISTRIBUTION: SC 2/WG 2 members and Liaison organizations MEDIUM: Acrobat PDF file NO. OF PAGES: 67 (including cover sheet) Mike Ksar Convener – ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Microsoft Corporation Phone: +1 425 707-6973 One Microsoft Way Fax: +1 425 936-7329 Bldg 24/2217 email: [email protected] Redmond, WA 98052-6399 or [email protected] Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 Meeting 46 Page 1 of 67 N2903 Jinyan Hotel, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China; 2005-01-24/28 2005-08-22 ISO International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N2903 Date: 2005-08-22 Title: Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 46 Jinyan Hotel, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China; 2005-01-24/28 Source: V.S.