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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 439 605 FL 026 195 AUTHOR Payne, David, Ed. TITLE Notes on Linguistics, 1999. INSTITUTION Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Dallas, TX. ISSN ISSN-0736-0673 PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 242p.; Published quarterly. AVAILABLE FROM International Academic bookstore, 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236 (annual subscription, $20.95; $3 dach). Tel: 972-708-7404. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Notes on Linguistics; v2 n1-4 1999 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Applied Linguistics; Arabic; Canada Natives; Code Switching (Language); Decoding (Reading); Descriptive Linguistics; Diachronic Linguistics; Discourse Analysis; Foreign Countries; German; Grammar; Hebrew; Japanese; Language Patterns; Lexicology; Linguistic Theory; *Literacy; Malayo Polynesian Languages; Morphology (Languages); Negative Forms (Language); Phonology; Polish; Pragmatics; Russian; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Semantics; Semiotics; *Sociolinguistics; Speech Communication; Syntax; Uncommonly Taught Languages ABSTRACT The 1999 issues of "Notes on Linguistics," published quarterly, include the following articles, review articles, reviews, book . notices, and reports: "A New Program for Doing Morphology: Hermit Crab"; "Lingualinks CD-ROM: Field Guide to Recording Language Data"; "'Unruly' Phonology: An Introduction to Optimality Theory"; "Borrowing vs. Code Switching: Malay Insertions in the Conversations of West Tarangan Speakers of the Aru Islands of Maluku, Eastern Indonesia"; "What's New in Lingualinks Bookshelf"; "What's New in Lingualinks Workshops"; "The 24th UWM Linguistics Symposium"; "Multidimensional Exploration of Online Linguistic Field Data"; "Derivations and Constraints in Phonology"; "A Language of Our Own: The Genesis of Mischief, the Mixed Cree-French Language of the Canadian Metis"; "The Projection of Arguments"; "Facilitating Orthography Development with Mother-Tongue Speakers"; "University College London Working Papers in Linguistics, Volumes 8 and 9"; "Psychology for Language Teachers: A Social Constructivist Approach"; "Reference and Referent Accessibility"; "Approaches to Language Typology"; "Anaphora and Conceptual Structure"; "Semiotic Grammar"; "A Theory of Predicates"; and "Salsa V: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium about Language and Society." Articles are extensively referenced. (KFT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. NOTES ON LINGUISTICS VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 2 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 3 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND CENTER (ERIC) DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS XThis document has been reproduced as BEEN GRANTED BY received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. E Loos_ Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES official OERI position or policy. INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 NOTES ON LINGUISTICS VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1 1999 CONTENTS FROM THE LINGUISTICS DEPARTMENT MIKE CAHILL NAMED AS INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS COORDINATOR Lou Hohulin 3 STEVEN BIRD NAMED AS INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS ADVISOR David Payne / Steven Bird 4 TRIBUTE 719 CHARLES FERGUSON Patricia Davis 9 ARTICLE A NEW PROGRAM FOR DOING MORPHOLOGY: HERMIT CRAB Mike Maxwell 11 REPORT LINGUALINKS CD-ROM: FIELD GUIDE 70 RECORDING LANGUAGE DATA by Charles Grimes Paul Frank 37 REVIEWS INTONATION by Alan Cruttenden Joan Baart 40 SYNTAX: A MINIMALIST INTRODUCTION by Andrew Radford Donald G. Frantz 43 RETHINKING LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY by John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson, eds. Charles Peck 46 HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE CHANGE by Roger Lass Keith Slater 49 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES THROUGH THEIR KEY WORDS: ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, POLISH, GERMAN, AND JAPANESE by Anna Wierzbicka Paul Thomas 51 (Continued on back cover) SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS 7500 W. CAMP WISDOM ROAD DALLAS, TEXAS 75236 USA 3 NOTES ON LINGUISTICS INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS COORDINATOR Mike Cahill ASSOCIATE COORDINATOR Leslie Bruce EDITOR David Payne CONSULTING EDITOR Alan S. Kaye ASSISTANT EDITOR Judy Payne FORMAT EDITOR/SECRETARY Betty Philpott INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS Al)VISORS Thomas Barth U. of Zurich Howard P. McKaugban U. ofHawaii, r. Steven aird. U.oftentuylvania Dinh Hoa Nguyen Ruth Band. Southern Illinois U., r. Michigan State U., r John Oiler U. of NewMexico John Crawford U. of North Dakota AK.Pawiey Derek Fivaz Australian National U. .Rhodes U. Richard Rhodes C ofCalifornia, Berkeley Peter Fries Central Michigan U. Malcolm Ross T. Givdn Australian National U. U. of Oregon William I. Samarin U. of Toronto Shirley Brice Heath. Stanford U. Hu Tan N.R.C. on Tibetology, Betting Yoshilito Iltegami U. of Tokyo Rudolph Troilce U. ofAtizona Frances Ingernann U. ofKansas Richard Tucker Carnegie Mellen U. Peter Ladefoged UCLA Robert Van Valin SUNY, Buffalo Sydney Lamb Rice U. John Vahaar W. P. Lehmann U. ofLeiden U. ofTexas at Austin Ekkehard Wolff U. of Hamburg INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS CONSULTANTS John Bendor-Samuel UX. Kenneth J. Gregason Asia Thomas Payne Andy Black U. of Oregon Mexico Joseph E. Grimes .Hawaii VelmaPickett. Mexico Regina Blass .Burkina Faso/Niger Austin Hale South Aria Eunice Pile Donald A. Burquest ..... Dallas UT., Arlington George Huttar .Nairobi EvelynG.Pike Eugene Cased. .Dallas Mexico Stephen H. Levinsohn Colombia Gary Simons .Dallas Ross Caughley Asia Robert Longacre. Dallas Keith Snider Lon Diehl Cameroon Asia Constance Kutsch Lojengs Africa David Thomas .North America Desmond Derbyshire UX. Ivan Lowe U.K. David Weber Daniel Everett Pent U. ofPituburgh Steve Mutat Mexico Klaus Wedekind. _East Africa Donald Frantz Alberta, Nigeria Mike Maxwell Waxhaw Ursula Wiesemann Watson Glova Germany South Asia Kenneth McElhanon. Dallas Mary Ruth Wise Peru Doris Payne U. of Oregon SIL President Emeritus Kenneth L Pike SIL President Frank Robbins SIL Executive Director Steve Sheldon SIL VP for Academic AffairsKarl Franklin NOTES FOR READERS Permission is hereby granted by this journal to reproduce material from this issue, if readers obtain similar permission directly from its authors and if credit is given the authors andNotes on Linguistics. NOTES FOR SUBSCRIBERS Notes on Linguisticsis a quarterly publication of the Linguistics Department of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc. (SIL), designed to share information of practical,theoretical, administrative, or general interest It is specifically intended to provide linguistic field workers withnews, reviews, announcements, and articles that will stimulate interest in linguistics and help them stay current SUBSCRIPTION Annual subscription rate: U.S address (delivered by U.S. Postal Service) $20.95; Outside U.S. (delivered by DHL-MR) $23.95. A 20% discount is offered to resale's and SIL members.Prices include postage and handling. Subscriptions will be prorated so that all subscriptions end with the fourth issue of the volume. INDIVIDUAL ISSUES Individual copies of available issues are $3.00 each, plus a minimum of$2.75handling (which generally covers about 3 issues). Not all back issues are still available. ORDERING INFORMATION: Prepayment is requested from individuals; resalesand institutional purchase orders are accepted. Payment must be in U.S. funds, and checks must be drawn ona U.S. bank Major credit cards are welcomed; to pay by credit card please include account number and expiration date. Electronic transfers are not accepted.Subscriptions, standing orders, and back issues are handled by International Academic Bookstore,7500 W. Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, DC 75236, USA. Phone: 972-708-7404 FAX 972-708-7433; E-Mal acadanic_books@siLas NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS Readers are invited to submit publishable materials or letters of commentto the editor ofNotes on Linguistics at The International Linguistics Center, 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas,DC 75236 USA. Internet e-mail: david_paynagsilorg. Intending contributors shouldunsure that their manuscripts conform to the standards laid down in the LSA Style Sheet printed periodically in the LSA Bulletin.Contributors who have copies of their manuscripts on magnetic media such as diskettes in PC/MS-DOS are urged to submit thesame along with their manuscript (3.6- PC/MS- DOS diskettes or as e-mail attachments, in Word for Windows formatare preferred.) DISCLAIMER: Responsibility for the accuracy of quoted and referenced materialrests solely upon the author of the item in whichsuch material appears. Opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflectpolicies of SIL. 4 ISSN 0736-0673 From the Linguistics Department Mike Cahill named as International Linguistics Coordinator I'd like to introduce to you the new International Linguistics Coordinator. Mike Cahill graduated from Iowa State University in 1977 with a BS in biochemistry and a teacher's certification. In 1981 Mike joined SIL and went to Ghana in 1983. In 1985, Mike completed an MA in linguistics at UTA. He also attended SILs at Grand Forks and Norman. He has now completed course work for a PhD in linguistics at Ohio State University and is writing his dissertation. In his dissertation he is analyzing and describing the morphological and phonological patterns of the Konni language in terms of Optimality Theory. In addition to his educational background, Mike has field experience in Africa. For 8 years, he and his wife, Ginia, were involved in
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    Expanding the Unicode Repertoire Unencoded Scripts of Africa and Asia Deborah Anderson, SEI, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Anshuman Pandey, Department of History, University of Michigan IUC 38 • November 5, 2014 Already Encoded Scripts (12) “Modern” use (8) Bamum/Bamum Supplement Historic use (3) Bassa Vah Egyptian Hieroglyphs Ethiopic/Ethiopic Supplement and Meroitic Cursive Extensions Meroitic Hieroglyphs Mende Kikakui Liturgical use (1) N’Ko Coptic Osmanya Note: Scripts in bold italic had assistance from Tifiangh SEI Vai Bassa Vah (Unicode 7.0) Scripts of Africa Unencoded scripts (historical) – possible candidates for encoding Additions to Egyptian Hieroglyphs (Ptolemaic) – over 7K characters Hieratic? Demotic? Source: Chicago Demotic Dictionary Numidian? Unencoded scripts (modern or near- modern) – good candidates (13) Adlam * (1978) Mwangwego (1979) Bagam (1910) Nwagu Aneke Igbo (1960s) Beria (1980s) Oberi Okaime (1927) Bete (1956) Borama (Gadabuursi) (1933) Garay (Wolof) (1961) * Approved by UTC Hausa Raina Kama (1990s) Kaddare (1952) Kpelle (1930s) Loma (1930s) Mandombe (1978) Unencoded scripts – not currently good candidates for encoding (21) Aka Umuagbara Igbo (1993) Masaba (1930) Aladura Holy alphabet (1927) Ndebe Igbo (2009) Bassa (1836) New Nubian (2005) Esan oracle rainbow (1996) Nubian Kenzi (1993) Fula (2 scripts) (1958/1963) Oromo (1956) Hausa (2 scripts) (1970/1998) Soni (2001) Kii (2006) Wolof Saalliw wi (2002) Kru alphabet (1972) Yoruba FaYe (2007) Luo (2 scripts)
  • Universal Shaping Engine

    Universal Shaping Engine

    making fonts for the Universal Shaping Engine John Hudson, Tiro Typeworks Ltd • TYPO Labs, Berlin, 10 May 2016 Version 1.1, 23 May 2016 This paper, based on a presentation delivered at the inaugural TYPO Labs font technology con- ference in Berlin, concerns making a particular kind of OpenType font to work with a new shap- ing engine for complex script layout. If you’re not involved in making fonts for complex scripts, I hope you might still find some interest in the conceptual problems and solutions involved, and also in the insights these provide into the architecture and history of OpenType Layout. Let me begin by defining what we mean by ‘complex script’. These are scripts that require processing beyond a simple display of the default encoded glyph for each character in order to correctly present text in an acceptably readable form. This processing typically involves char- acter string analysis and manipulation, as well as glyph substitution and positioning. There are, of course, instances in which a font for any script may assume complex behaviours — ligation, contextual substitutions, dynamic mark positioning —, but an inherently complex script is one forWhat which theis aplain complex text encoded script? character sequence will be unreadable without additional processing. تعقيد ديقعت मिश्रित ममम섿त ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ ಸಂಕೕಣ㒣 Complex scripts tend to fall into one of two broad categories: those, like Arabic, involving join- ing behaviour that requires knowledge about adjacent characters and substitution of appropri- ate forms to display connected lettergroups, and those, like the many Brahmi-derived scripts of South and Southeast Asia, in which the orthographic unit is a cluster that may consist of multiple consonant letters plus dependent vowel sign and additional modifier marks.
  • Information, Characters, Unicode Information – Characters

    Information, Characters, Unicode Information – Characters

    Information, Characters, Unicode Information { Characters In modern computing, natural-language text is very important information. (\Number-crunching" is less important.) Characters of text are represented in several different ways and a known character encoding is necessary to exchange text information. For many years an important encoding standard for characters has been US ASCII{a 7-bit encoding. Since 7 does not divide 32, the ubiquitous word size of computers, 8-bit encodings are more common. Very common is ISO 8859-1 aka \Latin-1," and other 8-bit encodings of characters sets for languages other than English. Currently, a very large multi-lingual character repertoire known as Unicode is gaining importance. US ASCII (7-bit), or bottom half of Latin1 NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SS SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETP CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US !"# $ %&'()*+,-./ 0123456789:;<=>? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_ `abcdefghijklmno pqrstuvwxyz{|}~ DEL Control Characters Notice that the first twos rows are filled with so-called control characters. This characters have no printable representation. Except for various standards for indicating lines of text, these characters have no use today. So, nearly one-quarter of the space available for representing characters is wasted. Of course, the space character does not have a printable representation (no ink is used to print a space), but it is extremely useful. Some US-ASCII Characters Each character has a unique bit pattern used to represent it (and a Unicode name as we shall see later). binary oct dec char Unicode 0000 1001 0011 9 HT U+0009 horizontal tabulation 0010 0000 0040 32 U+0020 space 0010 1110 0056 46 .