Water Tourism in Kurzeme
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LONG-TERM CHANGES in the WATER TEMPERATURE of RIVERS in LATVIA Inese Latkovska1,2 # and Elga Apsîte1
PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 70 (2016), No. 2 (701), pp. 78–87. DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2016-0013 LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE WATER TEMPERATURE OF RIVERS IN LATVIA Inese Latkovska1,2 # and Elga Apsîte1 1 Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Rîga LV-1004, LATVIA, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Latvian Environment, Geology, and Meteorology Centre, Maskavas iela 165, Rîga LV-1019, LATVIA # Corresponding author Communicated by Mâris Kïaviòð The study describes the trends of monthly mean water temperature (from May to October) and the annual maximum water temperature of the rivers in Latvia during the time period from 1945 to 2000. The results demonstrated that the mean water temperatures during the monitoring period from May to October were higher in the largest rivers (from 13.6 oC to 16.1 oC) compared to those in the smallest rivers (from 11.5 oC to 15.7 oC). Similar patterns were seen for the maxi- mum water temperature: in large rivers from 22.9 oC to 25.7 oC, and in small rivers from 20.8 oC to 25.8 oC. Generally, lower water temperatures occurred in rivers with a high groundwater inflow rate, for example, in rivers of the Gauja basin, in particular, in the Amata River. Mann-Kendall test results demonstrated that during the monitoring period from May to October, mean water tem- peratures had a positive trend. However, the annual maximum temperature had a negative trend. Key words: water temperature, long-term changes, river, Latvia. -
The Baltic Republics
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1994 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Mikko Viitasalo, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Antti Numminen, General Headquarters Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 6 THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1992 ISBN 951-25-0709-9 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1994: National Defence College All rights reserved Painatuskeskus Oy Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1994 Preface Until the end of the First World War, the Baltic region was understood as a geographical area comprising the coastal strip of the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Danzig to the Gulf of Finland. In the years between the two World Wars the concept became more political in nature: after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania obtained their independence in 1918 the region gradually became understood as the geographical entity made up of these three republics. Although the Baltic region is geographically fairly homogeneous, each of the newly restored republics possesses unique geographical and strategic features. -
Health Systems in Transition
61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European -
The Military Heritage and Environment of Kurzeme
SELFDRIVE THE MILITARY HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENT OF KURZEME The NATURA 2000 system was established by European Union member states to protect a large series of environmental territories. In Latvia’s case, the system includes territories that were protected before it was set up, as well as 122 new territories. Each EU member state establishes its own system of territories, and these are then joined in the central system. NATURA 2000 territories are of European importance and are environmentally protected. Along this route, the most interesting NATURA 2000 territories include the Zvārde Forest Park, the Embūte Nature Park, the Ziemupe Nature Reserve and the Nature Park of the Ancient Abava River Valley. While in these territories, please be gentle with environmental, cultural and historical values. Keep the “interests” of birds in mind when birdwatching. ROUTE During the Soviet era, Latvia was the western border of the USSR, and that made it a strategic location in which lots of military resources were concentrated. During the Soviet occupation, there were more than 1,000 Soviet military units in Latvia, and they controlled some 600 facilities equalling to more than 10% of the territory of the Latvian SSR. In other words, Latvia was behind the Iron Curtain for nearly half a century. Border guard posts, tank bases, aviation bases, military airfields, storage facilities for weapons and munitions (including nuclear missiles), military espionage facilities and other, similar entities were mostly centred on the shore of the Baltic Sea, where there was a special frontier regime. It was just 20 years ago that people were allowed to be on the beach only during sunlight and in very limited areas. -
The Saeima (Parliament) Election
/pub/public/30067.html Legislation / The Saeima Election Law Unofficial translation Modified by amendments adopted till 14 July 2014 As in force on 19 July 2014 The Saeima has adopted and the President of State has proclaimed the following law: The Saeima Election Law Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Citizens of Latvia who have reached the age of 18 by election day have the right to vote. (As amended by the 6 February 2014 Law) 2.(Deleted by the 6 February 2014 Law). 3. A person has the right to vote in any constituency. 4. Any citizen of Latvia who has reached the age of 21 before election day may be elected to the Saeima unless one or more of the restrictions specified in Article 5 of this Law apply. 5. Persons are not to be included in the lists of candidates and are not eligible to be elected to the Saeima if they: 1) have been placed under statutory trusteeship by the court; 2) are serving a court sentence in a penitentiary; 3) have been convicted of an intentionally committed criminal offence except in cases when persons have been rehabilitated or their conviction has been expunged or vacated; 4) have committed a criminal offence set forth in the Criminal Law in a state of mental incapacity or a state of diminished mental capacity or who, after committing a criminal offence, have developed a mental disorder and thus are incapable of taking or controlling a conscious action and as a result have been subjected to compulsory medical measures, or whose cases have been dismissed without applying such compulsory medical measures; 5) belong -
As “Talsu Mežrūpniecība” (Registration Number 40003113243)
AS “TALSU MEŽRŪPNIECĪBA” (REGISTRATION NUMBER 40003113243) ANNUAL REPORT OF THE YEAR 2010 (AUDITED) Stende, 2011 AS „TALSU MEŽRŪPNIECĪBA” ANNUAL REPORT OF THE YEAR 2010 (AUDITED) INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT To the shareholders of AS „Talsu Mežrūpniecība” Report on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying financial statements of AS „Talsu Mežrūpniecība”. The audited financial statements on pages 6 to 19 comprise the balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, and the income statement, statement of changes in equity and cash flow statement for the year then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes. Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with Law of Republic of Latvia on Annual accounts. This responsibility includes: designing, implementing and maintaining internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies; and making accounting estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances. Auditor’s Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing applicable in Latvia. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. -
The Baltics EU/Schengen Zone Baltic Tourist Map Traveling Between
The Baltics Development Fund Development EU/Schengen Zone Regional European European in your future your in g Investin n Unio European Lithuanian State Department of Tourism under the Ministry of Economy, 2019 Economy, of Ministry the under Tourism of Department State Lithuanian Tampere Investment and Development Agency of Latvia, of Agency Development and Investment Pori © Estonian Tourist Board / Enterprise Estonia, Enterprise / Board Tourist Estonian © FINL AND Vyborg Turku HELSINKI Estonia Latvia Lithuania Gulf of Finland St. Petersburg Estonia is just a little bigger than Denmark, Switzerland or the Latvia is best known for is Art Nouveau. The cultural and historic From Vilnius and its mysterious Baroque longing to Kaunas renowned Netherlands. Culturally, it is located at the crossroads of Northern, heritage of Latvian architecture spans many centuries, from authentic for its modernist buildings, from Trakai dating back to glorious Western and Eastern Europe. The first signs of human habitation in rural homesteads to unique samples of wooden architecture, to medieval Lithuania to the only port city Klaipėda and the Curonian TALLINN Novgorod Estonia trace back for nearly 10,000 years, which means Estonians luxurious palaces and manors, churches, and impressive Art Nouveau Spit – every place of Lithuania stands out for its unique way of Orebro STOCKHOLM Lake Peipus have been living continuously in one area for a longer period than buildings. Capital city Riga alone is home to over 700 buildings built in rendering the colorful nature and history of the country. Rivers and lakes of pure spring waters, forests of countless shades of green, many other nations in Europe. -
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals
Latvia 1 Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Report to the UN High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development 2018 1 Latvia Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Report to the UN High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development 2018 Table of contents 1. Opening Remarks by the Prime Minister Page 4–5 2. 3. 5. Introduction Summary – Latvia’s Linking National Page 6–7 Sustainability Development Latvia’s Future Planning with SDGs Opportunities and the Enabling Innovative and Eco- Environment efficient Economy Page 28–39 Reducing income and opportunity inequality Page 8–19 4. 6. Preparation of the Evaluation of SDG and Review Target Implementation Page 20–27 in Latvia Page 40–98 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms 47 SDG 12: Ensure sustainable 77 everywhere consumption and production SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food 49 patterns security and improved SDG 13: Take urgent actions to 80 nutrition and promote combat climate change and sustainable agriculture its effects SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and 51 SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably 83 promote well-being for all at use the oceans, seas all ages and marine resources for SGD 4: Ensure inclusive and 54 sustainable development equitable education and SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote 86 promote lifelong learning sustainable use of terrestrial opportunities for all ecosystems, sustainably SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and 57 manage forests, combat empower all women and desertification, and halt and girls reverse land degradation SDG 6: Ensure availability -
Ancient Natural Sacred Sites in Kurzeme Region, Latvia
dating back to 1234 about enfeoffing of 25 acres of land 5 to the Riga St. Peter’s Church, was situated. The hill fort IN THE WAKE OF THE CURONIANS was located in the Curonian land of Vanema. The Mežīte Hill Fort was constructed on a solitary, about 13 m high Longer distances of the route are hill, the slopes of which had been artificially made steep- heading along asphalt roads, but 3 The CURONIAN HILL FORT er. Its plateau is of a triangular form, 55 x 30–50 m large, access to ancient cult sites mostly is OF VeCKULDīGA with a narrower southern part, on which a 3 meters high available along gravel and forest roads. Kuldīga 56º59’664 21º57’688 rampart had been heaped up. It used to protect the as- Long before the introduction of Christianity in cent to the hill fort, which, just like in many other Latvian Length of the route 145 km the ancient land of Cursa and expansion of the hill forts, was planned in such a way that when invaders 9 10 22 Livonian Order, on the present site of the hill fort of were striving to conquer the hill fort, their shoulders, Veckuldīga, at the significant waterway of the Venta unprotected by a shield, would be turned against the 21 has been observed: in the nearby trees, there have ancestors’ traditions are still kept alive by celebrating cult tree, its age could be around 400–500 years. River, one of the largest and best fortified castles of hill fort’s defenders. -
Vīna Degustācijas
70 D KULDĪGA TALSI Meža ār P130 17 za 3 a Drubazas l STENDE kapi ie la e l 2 i aktsmītnes / ēdināšana a V 54 e 2 e Abavas senlejas i Telšu vietas / Tent sites 1 n ts 1 18 3 p 21 15 Sabile ACCOModATioN / FeediNG services “Drubazas”, Abavas pagasts, 28370702; 26473783; 26342050 29 i s u N l a ž u s 40 v v e a a l r dabas parks ļa b Ošnieki 20 15 „Zviedru cepure” e Viesu nams „Rambules” G o i K 2 11 iela la R Egļu ie 5 četrvietīgi koka namiņi. Kafejnīca la 23 10 gultasvietas, pirts, baseins, kamīnzāle, 12 ie 5 ie l M virtuves telpa. 5 timber cabins with 4 places in each. Cafe 12 ra a ā e 10 m 11 Stirnīšu de 13 26A ž „Piltiņi”, Kandavas novads 22 l a Zemnieku iela Va Ebreju kapi Guest House Rambules a Ošu iela 26405405, www.zviedrucepure.lv, [email protected] kapi i s 3 e k e Capacity: 10. Sauna, swimming pool, 11 n a l t Lakstīgalu a a p 24 n l au ela 14 fireplace, kitchen. a J i 4 Ķiršu iela a Kafejnīca “Vīna kalns” l K . e ērzu iela 2 u i Raiņa iela 1, Sabile, 29244964, 29498097 Iespēja garšīgi paēst un baudīt vietējos vīnus. 3 O B 4 ž 1 Rotka¬a Pr be Zunnas 44 ie o 5 ž 25 Brîvdabas Parka V u R Viesu nams, kafejnīca „Pedvāle” Café “Vīna kalns” a 19 e darbnîca u l estråde "Birzîte" Egļu iela š e l i n Priežu i 16 gultasvietas, sauna, kamīntelpa, Savour a good meal in the city center. -
SKRUNDA, Pulsed EMF (154-162 Hz) Mass Launches of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Komsomolsk-Na-Amure from the Territory of the US
8 Hz 50 Hz 100 Hz 50 Khz 50 MHz 190 MHz 500 MHz 800 MHz 2,5 Ghz over-the-horizon radar (OTH) Three Steel Yard OTH radar The Soviet Union began work on over-the-horizon By 1980 the Russians were reportedly operating three [OTH] radar in the late 1950s, given the potential of OTHR transmitters, including two OTHR transmitters RussianRussian woodpecwoodpeckerker this techology to surpass the range of conventional near Kiev (Chernobyl) and Minsk (Gomel ?), and a third early warning radars. The focus was on backscatter transmitter in Siberia focused on their northern flank radars that would provide warning of missile launches which became operational in 1979. By the mid-1990s by detecting alterations in ionosphere propogation at least the two radars located in Ukraine appeared to caused by the depletion of ions by missile exhaust have been deactivated. plumes. These radars had to reliably detect group and SKRUNDA, pulsed EMF (154-162 Hz) mass launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles Komsomolsk-na-Amure from the territory of the US. The radars are reportedly An over-the-horizon radar was built at Komsomolsk- known as STEEL YARD or STEEL WORKS by the na-Amure. Along with the facility at Gomel (southeast Western intelligence community. The Steel Yard OTH of Minsk) and Chernobyl (near Kiev), the other Steel Radar Wifi Cell phone began operations in 1975-1976. Yard located at Komsomolsk-na-Amur provided One of the Steel Yard OTH was the Chernobyl-2 OTH complementary coverage of the United States. station (C-2). This radar was the biggest directional HF Chernobyl antennas in the world. -
A Social Assessment of Poverty in Latvia
LISTENING TO THE POOR: A SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF POVERTY IN LATVIA Report on research findings (March – June 1998) Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Riga, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS TALKING TO THE POOR:............................................................................................................ I A SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF POVERTY IN LATVIA .............................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... VII OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................ VII METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. VII FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER 1: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS............................................................................1 AN ECONOMY IN TRANSITION................................................................................................1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................2 METHODOLOGY