Friedrich nietzsche works pdf Continue Nietzsche redirects here. For other purposes, see Nietzsche (disambigation). German philosopher Friedrich NietzscheNietzsche in Basel, Switzerland, c. 1875BornFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche(1844-10-15)15 October 1844Röcken, Saxony, PrussiaDied25 August 1900(1900-08-25) (aged 55)Weimar, Saxe-Weimar- Eisenach, German EmpireAlma mater University of Bonn Leipzig University Era19th-century philosophyRegionWestern philosophySchool Continental philosophy Anti-foundationalism Atheism Existentialism German idealism[1] Metaphysical voluntarism Nihilism and anti-nihilism[2][3] Perspectivism InstitutionsUniversity of BaselMain interestsAestheticsclassical philologyethicsmetaphysicsontologyphilosophy of historypoetrypsychologytragedyvalue theoryAnti-consumerismNotable ideas Amor fati Apollonian and Dionysian Eternal return Fact–value distinction Genealogy God is dead Herd instinct Last man Master–slave morality Nietzschean affirmation Perspectivism Ressentiment Transvaluation of values Tschandala Übermensch Will to power Influences Homer[4] Hesiod[5] Archilochus[6] Theognis of Megara[7] Milesian School[8] Pindar[9] Heraclitus Parmenides[10] Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides[11] Plato Epicurus[12] Thucydides[13] Diogenes Laërtius[14] French Moralists Stendhal Spinoza Kant Herder[15] Goethe Hegel[16] Hölderlin Ortlepp Darwin Spencer[17] Mill Dostoyevsky Baudelaire Feuerbach Burckhardt Spir Mainländer[18][19] Bahnsen[20][21] Emerson Renan Bourget[22] Strauss Von Hellwald[23] Schopenhauer Wagner Re St. Bive had an impact on Adler, Adorno Oden Brandes Buber Camus Castoriadis Choran Derida Derrida Fuko Hamsun Heidegger Ikbal Jung Kaufmann McIntyre Mann Malro MenkenNehamas Pr Nehamas Proust) Rand Richur Sartre Spengler Steiner Stevens Strauss Strindberg Tunings Unamuno Unger Weber Weitzman Willard Itts Signed by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (/ˈniːtʃə, ˈniːtʃi/; In German: ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːtʃə (listen) or ˈniːtsʃə; October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900 - German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet and philologist whose work had a profound influence on contemporary intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person ever to head to the Department of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24. Nietzsche retired in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him for most of his life; he completed most of his main letter in the next decade. In 1889, at the age of 44, he collapsed and then completely lost his mental abilities. He spent the remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897, and then with his sister Elizabeth Furster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900. Nietzsche's work covers philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural and fiction, showing a love of aphorism and irony. Notable elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspective; genealogical criticism of religion and Christian morality and the associated theory of virtuoso-slave morality; Aesthetic confirmation of existence in response to the death of God and the deep crisis of nihilism; The concept of Apollo and Dionysian; and the characteristic of the human subject as an expression of competing will, collectively understood as willing to power. He has also developed influential concepts such as the sbermensh and the doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he was increasingly concerned about the individual's creative abilities to overcome social, cultural and moral conditions in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His work touched on a wide range of topics including art, philology, history, religion, tragedy, culture and science, and drew inspiration from such figures as the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, the composer Richard Wagner and the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. After his death, his sister Elizabeth became curator and editor of Nietzsche manuscripts. She edited his unpublished works to conform to her German nationalist ideology, often contradicting or confusing Nietzsche's stated views, which clearly opposed anti-Semitism and nationalism. Through its published publications, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism; Scientists of the 20th century challenged this interpretation, and soon the corrected editions of his works became available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed new popularity in the 1960s, and since then his ideas have had a profound impact on thinkers of the 20th and early 21st century in philosophy, especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism and post-structuralism, as well as art, literature, psychology, politics and popular culture. Nietzsche (1844-1868) was born on October 15, 1844, in the town of Roeken (now part of Lutzen), near Leipzig, in the Prussian province of Saxony. It was named after King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, who turned 49 on Nietzsche's birthday (Nietzsche later renounced his second name, Wilhelm). Nietzsche's parents, Karl Ludwig Nietzsche (1813-1849), Lutheran pastor and former teacher; and Francis Nietzsche (Oler) (1826-1897), married in 1843, a year before the birth of his son. They had two other children: a daughter, Elizabeth Furster-Nietzsche, born in 1846; and a second son, Ludwig Joseph, born in 1848. Father Nietzsche died of brain disease in 1849; Ludwig Joseph died six months later at the age of two. The family then moved to Naumburg, where they lived with Nietzsche's maternal grandmother and two unmarried sisters of the father. After the death of Nietzsche's grandmother in 1856, the family moved into their home, now Nietzsche House, a museum and a Nietzsche training center. Young Nietzsche, 1861 Nietzsche studied at a school for boys, and then at a private school, where he befriended Gustav Round and Wilhelm Pinder, all three of whom were from respected families. Academic records from one of Nietzsche's schools indicated that he excelled in Christian theology. In 1854, he began visiting Dumgymnasyum in Naumburg. Because his father worked for the state (as a pastor) now without his father Nietzsche was offered a scholarship to study at the internationally recognized Schulpforta (the assertion that Nietzsche was accepted for the strength of his academic competence was debunked: his grades were not at the top of the class). He studied there from 1858 to 1864, traveling with Paul Deussen and Carl von Gersdorf. He also found time to work on poems and musical compositions. Nietzsche headed the music and literary club Germany in the summer in Naumburg. In Schulpforth, Nietzsche gained an important foundation in languages such as Greek, Latin, Hebrew and French to be able to read important high-priest sources; He also experienced for the first time, being away from family life in a conservative small-town environment. His semester end exams in March 1864 showed one in religion and German; 2a in Greek and Latin; 2b in French, history and physics; and lack 3 in Hebrew and math. While in Schulpforth, Nietzsche was engaged in subjects that were considered unworthy. He got acquainted with the work of the then almost unknown poet Friedrich Ullderlin, calling him my favorite poet and composing an essay in which he said that the mad poet raised consciousness to the most sublime ideality. The teacher who corrected the essay gave him a good note, but noted that Nietzsche should touch himself in the future with healthier, clearer and more German writers. He also met Ernst Ortlepp, an eccentric, blasphemous and often drunk poet who was found dead in a ditch a few weeks after meeting the young Nietzsche, but who may have introduced Nietzsche to the music and writing of Richard Wagner. Perhaps, under the influence of Orlep, he and a pupil named Richter returned to school drunk and encountered the teacher, which led to The decline of Nietzsche from the first in his class and the end of his status as prefect. Young Nietzsche After graduating from university in September 1864, Nietzsche began studying theology and classical philology at the University of Bonn in the hope of becoming a minister. For a short time he and Deussen became members of Burschenschaft Frankonia. After one semester (and his mother's wrath), he his theological studies and lost faith. Even in his 1862 essay Destiny and History, Nietzsche argued that historical studies discredited the central teachings of Christianity, but the life of Jesus David Strauss also seems to have had a profound impact on the young man. not the other way around. In June 1865, at the age of 20, Nietzsche wrote to his sister Elizabeth, who was deeply religious, about his loss of faith. This letter contains the following statement: Hence the ways of some people: if you want to strive for the world of soul and pleasure, then believe; If you want to be faithful to the truth, then ask.... Arthur Schopenhauer strongly influenced Nietzsche's philosophical thought. Nietzsche subsequently focused on the study of philology under the direction of Professor Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, whom he followed to the University of Leipzig in 1865. There he befriended his classmate Erwin Rohde. Shortly thereafter, Nietzsche's first philological publications appeared. In 1865, Nietzsche carefully studied the works of Arthur Schopenhauer. He obliged awakening his philosophical interest in reading Schopenhauer's Peace as a Will and Representation, and later admitted that Schopenhauer was one of the few thinkers he respected, devoting to him the essay Schopenhauer