596 Book reviews

Volker A. Munz and Bernhard Ritter (eds.) Wittgenstein’s Whewell’s Court Lectures: Cambridge, 1938–1941, from the Notes by Yorick Smythies. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2017, 392 pp.; isbn: 978-1-119-16633-7.

Wittgenstein produced philosophy not only in the form of writing (and some- times dictating) but also in the form of teaching, especially lecturing. In fact, he considered his lecturing a form of publication (see Lewy 1976, xi). Conse- quently, a comprehensive, scholarly study of Wittgenstein’s philosophy not only requires the study of the works published during his lifetime or posthu- mously from his Nachlass (von Wright 1969, bee 2000),1 as well as the Nachlass itself, but also a study of his lectures or what we have as documentation thereof. Wittgenstein offered regular courses at the dur- ing three periods of time: from Lent 1930 until term 1936, from Lent term 1938 until Lent term 1943 (with Lent term 1939 for the first time as professor and chair of the department), and from 1944 until Easter term 1947. Yorick Smythies (1917–1980) attended Wittgenstein’s lectures from Michaelmas term 1935 until Easter term 1947. By 1938, Smythies (S.) and Wittgenstein (W.) had become friends. Although W. tended to dislike it when students took notes during his lectures, he permitted S. to do so. Prior to Munz and Ritter’s edition (abbreviated in the following ‘swn’), W.’s lectures and sub- sequent discussion classes had been available as follows:2

Lent term 1930–Easter term 1936

• 1930L-32E—D. Lee (ed.): Wittgenstein’s Lectures: Cambridge, 1930–1932 (lwl, 1980) • 1930L-33E—G.E. Moore (ed.): Wittgenstein’s Lectures in 1930–33 (mwl, 1954– 55; reprinted in po, 1993) • 1930L-33E—D. Stern, B. Rogers, G. Citron (eds.): Wittgenstein: Lectures, Cam- bridge 1930–1933 (mwn, 2016)

1 For a comprehensive bibliography of Wittgenstein’s works and the abbreviations used for them, see http://www.ilwg.eu/files/Wittgenstein_Bibliographie.pdf. Additional titles re- ferred to in this review are listed under References, below. 2 M = Michaelmas term (-December), L = Lent term (January-March), E = Easter term (April-June). For a quick overview of lectures and publications thereof, see Pichler 1994, 117– 137; for a comprehensive and thoroughly researched account J. Klagge’s “The Wittgenstein Lectures” in ppo 2003, 340–359.

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Book reviews 597

• 1932M-35E—A. Ambrose (ed.): Wittgenstein’s Lectures: Cambridge, 1932–1935 (awl, 1979; 1933M-1934E are not covered) • 1935M—no edition • 1936L-36E—R. Rhees (ed.): The Language of Sense Data and Private Experi- ence (rsd, 1984; reprinted in po, 1993)

Lent term 1938–Lent term 1943

• 1938L-38E—R. Rhees (ed.): Cause and Effect: Intuitive Awareness (ce, 1976; reprinted in po, 1993) • 1938L-38E—C. Barrett (ed.): Lectures and Conversations (la, 1966) • 1938M—no edition3 • 1939L-39E—C. Diamond (ed.): Wittgenstein’s Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics: Cambridge, 1939 (lfm, 1976) • 1939M-40E—no edition • 1940M—P. Rhees, R. Rhees (eds.): A Lecture on Freedom of the Will (ysf, 1989; improved edition in po, 1993) • 1940–41—M. Iven (ed.): Rand und Wittgenstein: Versuch einer Annäherung (rwn, 2004) • 1941L-43L—no edition

Michaelmas term 1944–Easter term 1947

• 1944M-46E—no edition • 1946M-47E—P. Geach (ed.): Wittgenstein’s Lectures on Philosophical Psychol- ogy 1946–1947 (pgl, 1988)

Now, swn, focusing on the period 1938–41, contains extensive notes from 1938E, 1939M-40M as well as some notes from 1941L. Thus, not only does this new edition of notes complement the documentation of W.’s lectures that were only partly covered by previous editions (some of which already make use of S.’ notes), but it fills in several gaps. swn does not, however, yet contain notes from 1938L, 1938M-39E and 1941E-41M. Readers should also keep in mind that S.’ notes constitute a record of W.’s lectures that is incomplete in the following ways: As S. has pointed out, sometimes “long gaps of no-note-taking occurred during a lecture”; sometimes he “left a particular Wittgenstein lecture before it

3 It is possible that there were no lectures in the 1938 Michaelmas term; see Klagge in ppo 2003, 349.

grazer philosophische studien 95 (2018) 589-603