Engineering the Medicines of Tomorrow Company Update This Presentation Includes Forward-Looking Statements
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Looking for Therapeutic Antibodies in Next Generation Sequencing Repositories
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/572958; this version posted March 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Title: Looking for Therapeutic Antibodies in Next Generation Sequencing Repositories. Authors: Konrad Krawczyk1*, Matthew Raybould2, Aleksandr Kovaltsuk2, Charlotte M. Deane2 1 NaturalAntibody, Hamburg, Germany 2 Oxford University Department of Statistics, Oxford, UK *Correspondence to [email protected] Abstract: Recently it has become possible to query the great diversity of natural antibody repertoires using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). These methods are capable of producing millions of sequences in a single experiment. Here we compare Clinical Stage Therapeutic antibodies to the ~1b sequences from 60 independent sequencing studies in the Observed Antibody Space Database. Of the 242 post Phase I antibodies, we find 16 with sequence identity matches of 95% or better for both heavy and light chains. There are also 54 perfect matches to therapeutic CDR-H3 regions in the NGS outputs, suggesting a nontrivial amount of convergence between naturally observed sequences and those developed artificially. This has potential implications for both the discovery of antibody therapeutics and the legal protection of commercial antibodies. Introduction Antibodies are proteins in jawed vertebrates that recognize noxious molecules (antigens) for elimination. An organism expresses millions of diverse antibodies to increase the chances that some of them will be able to bind the foreign antigen, initiating the adaptive immune response. -
Targeting Costimulatory Molecules in Autoimmune Disease
Targeting costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease Natalie M. Edner1, Gianluca Carlesso2, James S. Rush3 and Lucy S.K. Walker1 1Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK NW3 2PF 2Early Oncology Discovery, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 3Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland *Correspondence: Professor Lucy S.K. Walker. Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK NW3 2PF. Tel: +44 (0)20 7794 0500 ext 22468. Email: [email protected]. 1 Abstract Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area of cancer immunotherapy, and efforts have focused in particular on the CD28 family members CTLA-4 and PD-1. In autoimmunity, these same pathways can be targeted to opposite effect, to curb the over- exuberant immune response. The CTLA-4 checkpoint serves as an exemplar, whereby CTLA-4 activity is blocked by antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and augmented by the provision of soluble CTLA-4 in autoimmunity. Here we review the targeting of costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, focusing in particular on the CD28 family and TNFR family members. We present the state-of-the-art in costimulatory blockade approaches, including rational combinations of immune inhibitory agents, and discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field. 2 The risk of autoimmune disease is an inescapable consequence of the manner in which the adaptive immune system operates. To ensure effective immunity against a diverse array of unknown pathogens, antigen recognition systems based on random gene rearrangement and mutagenesis have evolved to anticipate the antigenic universe. -
Antibodies to Watch in 2021 Hélène Kaplona and Janice M
MABS 2021, VOL. 13, NO. 1, e1860476 (34 pages) https://doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2020.1860476 PERSPECTIVE Antibodies to watch in 2021 Hélène Kaplona and Janice M. Reichert b aInstitut De Recherches Internationales Servier, Translational Medicine Department, Suresnes, France; bThe Antibody Society, Inc., Framingham, MA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY In this 12th annual installment of the Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in antibody Received 1 December 2020 therapeutics development that occurred in 2020 and forecast events that might occur in 2021. The Accepted 1 December 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed an array of challenges and opportunities to the KEYWORDS healthcare system in 2020, and it will continue to do so in 2021. Remarkably, by late November 2020, two Antibody therapeutics; anti-SARS-CoV antibody products, bamlanivimab and the casirivimab and imdevimab cocktail, were cancer; COVID-19; Food and authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the repurposed Drug Administration; antibodies levilimab and itolizumab had been registered for emergency use as treatments for COVID-19 European Medicines Agency; in Russia and India, respectively. Despite the pandemic, 10 antibody therapeutics had been granted the immune-mediated disorders; first approval in the US or EU in 2020, as of November, and 2 more (tanezumab and margetuximab) may Sars-CoV-2 be granted approvals in December 2020.* In addition, prolgolimab and olokizumab had been granted first approvals in Russia and cetuximab saratolacan sodium was first approved in Japan. The number of approvals in 2021 may set a record, as marketing applications for 16 investigational antibody therapeutics are already undergoing regulatory review by either the FDA or the European Medicines Agency. -
Prescrire's Contribution to the WHO Consultation List
World Health Organization Raffaella Balocco INN Programme Manager Quality Assurance & Safety : Medecines CH 1211 GENEVA 27 SUISSE Paris, November 2, 2017 Prescrire’s contribution to the WHO consultation on List 117 of proposed INNs Prescrire is an independent continuing education organisation for healthcare professionals. It is wholly funded by its subscribers, carries no advertising, and receives no other financial support whatsoever. Both independently since 1981, and with others as part of the Medicines in Europe Forum, the International Society of Drug Bulletins (ISDB) and the International Medication Safety Network (IMSN), Prescrire has been advocating the systematic use by healthcare professionals and patients of international nonproprietary names (INNs), which are clearer, safer and more informative than drug brand names (1-6). Making INNs safer. The principles underlying the creation of INNs are the same that apply to the prevention of medication errors: standardisation, differentiation, and facilitation of logic and redundancy checks (7). However, even with the INN system there is a residual risk of confusion, partly owing to the sheer number of INNs now in circulation. A report from the Council of Europe, which recommends the use of INNs, calls for active participation in the public consultations on proposed INNs organised by the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to identify any risk of confusion during their clinical use (8). Our review group, consisting of members of Prescrire’s editorial staff, including hospital- and community-based health professionals, joined by lecturers in pharmacy and medicine and health professionals from two university hospitals, has examined List 117 in order to participate in the public consultation on this latest list of proposed INNs, published in July 2017 (a)(9). -
Stembook 2018.Pdf
The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. -
(INN) for Biological and Biotechnological Substances
WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2019.1 International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for biological and biotechnological substances (a review) 2019 WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2019.1 International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for biological and biotechnological substances (a review) 2019 International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Programme Technologies Standards and Norms (TSN) Regulation of Medicines and other Health Technologies (RHT) Essential Medicines and Health Products (EMP) International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for biological and biotechnological substances (a review) FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: INN Working Document 05.179 © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. -
Looking for Therapeutic Antibodies in Next Generation Sequencing Repositories
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/572958; this version posted March 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Title: Looking for Therapeutic Antibodies in Next Generation Sequencing Repositories. Authors: Konrad Krawczyk1*, Matthew Raybould2, Aleksandr Kovaltsuk2, Charlotte M. Deane2 1 NaturalAntibody, Hamburg, Germany 2 Oxford University Department of Statistics, Oxford, UK *Correspondence to [email protected] Abstract: Recently it has become possible to query the great diversity of natural antibody repertoires using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). These methods are capable of producing millions of sequences in a single experiment. Here we compare Clinical Stage Therapeutic antibodies to the ~1b sequences from 60 independent sequencing studies in the Observed Antibody Space Database. Of the 242 post Phase I antibodies, we find 16 with sequence identity matches of 95% or better for both heavy and light chains. There are also 54 perfect matches to therapeutic CDR-H3 regions in the NGS outputs, suggesting a nontrivial amount of convergence between naturally observed sequences and those developed artificially. This has potential implications for both the discovery of antibody therapeutics and the legal protection of commercial antibodies. Introduction Antibodies are proteins in jawed vertebrates that recognize noxious molecules (antigens) for elimination. An organism expresses millions of diverse antibodies to increase the chances that some of them will be able to bind the foreign antigen, initiating the adaptive immune response. -
International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)
WHO Drug Information, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2017 Proposed INN: List 117 International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN) Notice is hereby given that, in accordance with article 3 of the Procedure for the Selection of Recommended International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances, the names given in the list on the following pages are under consideration by the World Health Organization as Proposed International Nonproprietary Names. The inclusion of a name in the lists of Proposed International Nonproprietary Names does not imply any recommendation of the use of the substance in medicine or pharmacy. Lists of Proposed (1–113) and Recommended (1–74) International Nonproprietary Names can be found in Cumulative List No. 16, 2015 (available in CD-ROM only). The statements indicating action and use are based largely on information supplied by the manufacturer. This information is merely meant to provide an indication of the potential use of new substances at the time they are accorded Proposed International Nonproprietary Names. WHO is not in a position either to uphold these statements or to comment on the efficacy of the action claimed. Because of their provisional nature, these descriptors will neither be revised nor included in the Cumulative Lists of INNs. Dénominations communes internationales des Substances pharmaceutiques (DCI) Il est notifié que, conformément aux dispositions de l'article 3 de la Procédure à suivre en vue du choix de Dénominations communes internationales recommandées pour les Substances pharmaceutiques les dénominations ci-dessous sont mises à l'étude par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé en tant que dénominations communes internationales proposées. -
2020 Medicines in Development ꟷ Cancer
2020 Medicines in Development ꟷ Cancer Product Name Sponsor Indication Development Status 177-Lu-edotretide ITM Solucin neuroendocrine tumors Phase III (peptide receptor radionucleotide Munich, Germany www.itm-radiopharm.com therapy) 177-Lu-NeoB Advanced Accelerator Applications solid tumors Phase I (radioligand therapy target GRPR) Millburn, NJ www.adacap.com 177-Lu-PSMA-617 Advanced Accelerator Applications metastatic castration-resistant Phase III (targeted radioligand therapy) Millburn, NJ prostate cancer www.adacap.com 177-Lu-PSMA-R2 Advanced Accelerator Applications prostate cancer Phase I (radioligand therapy target PSMA) Millburn, NJ www.adacap.com 2X-121 Oncology Venture US metastatic breast cancer, Phase II (PARP inhibitor) Scottsdale, AZ advanced ovarian cancer www.oncologyventure.com 609A 3SBio solid tumors Phase I (anti-PD1 antibody) Shenyang, China www.3sbio.com 67Cu-SARTATE™ Clarity Pharmaceuticals neuroblastoma Phase I/II (peptide receptor radionuclide Sydney, Australia www.claritypharmaceuticals.com therapy) Medicines in Development: Cancer ǀ 2020 1 Product Name Sponsor Indication Development Status 7HP349 7 Hills Pharma solid tumors Phase I (VLA-4/LFA-1 activator) Houston, TX www.7hillspharma.com 9-ING-41 Actuate Therapeutics myelofibrosis Phase II (GSK-3β inhibitor) Fort Worth, TX www.actuatetherapeutics.com ORPHAN DRUG advanced cancers, Phase I refractory malignancies (pediatric) www.actuatetherapeutics.com A166 KLUS Pharma HER2-expressing solid tumors Phase I (antibody-drug conjugate) Cranbury, NJ www.kluspharma.com -
Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: from Bench to Bedside
REVIEW published: 28 August 2020 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986 Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside Mohamed A. Alfaleh 1,2, Hashem O. Alsaab 3, Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud 4, Almohanad A. Alkayyal 5, Martina L. Jones 6,7, Stephen M. Mahler 6,7 and Anwar M. Hashem 2,8* 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2 Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, 4 College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 5 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, 6 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 7 Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 8 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes Edited by: of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of Rajko Reljic, biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable St. George’s, University of London, United Kingdom single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the Reviewed by: beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody Victor Greiff, phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled University of Oslo, Norway Fatima Ferreira, the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based University of Salzburg, Austria drugs. -
Supplementary Tables and Figures Section 1. Distribution of CDR-H3
Supplementary tables and figures Section 1. Distribution of CDR-H3 lengths in CSTs as compared to perfect matches in OAS. We found 54 perfect matches to CST CDR-H3s in OAS. We compared the CDR-H3 lengths of the perfect matches to all CDR-H3 lengths of our 242 CSTs (Supplementary Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1). The mean length of all CST CDR-H3 is 12 whereas this of the 54 perfect matches is 10. As expected, it is easier to find perfect matches for shorter CDR-H3s, however some longer lengths were also covered (Supplementary Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1). Of the 54 perfect matches, 22 can be found in the deep sequencing dataset of Birney et al. 2019 and other OAS datasets. The mean length of these shared CDR-H3s is 9, further indicating that finding perfect matches across independent datasets is easier for shorter loop lengths. Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of CST CDR-H3 lengths (blue) overlaid on the lengths of the perfect matches (green). The red histogram shows the length distribution of CST CDR-H3 that can be found in the deep sequencing dataset of Birney et al. 2019 and in other datasets in OAS when Birney et al. 2019 data are removed. Section 2. Theoretical estimates of probability of finding perfect matches to CDR-H3 region. We have estimated the number of theoretically allowed CDR-H3s for each length, assuming that each amino acid is allowed at each position. We calculated the number of possible CDR-H3s for a given length as 20L, where L is the length of the loop and 20 represents the number of allowed amino acids. -
Novartis R&D
Novartis AG Investor Relations Novartis R&D Day London, UK December 5, 2019 Disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that can generally be identified by words such as “potential,” “expected,” “will,” “planned,” “pipeline,” “outlook,” or similar expressions, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential new products, potential new indications for existing products, potential product launches, or regarding potential future revenues from any such products; or regarding the development or adoption of potentially transformational technologies, treatment modalities and business models; or regarding potential future or pending transactions, including the potential outcome, or financial or other impact on Novartis, of the proposed acquisition of The Medicines Company; or regarding potential future sales or earnings of the Group or any of its divisions, or potential shareholder returns; or by discussions of strategy, plans, expectations or intentions. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of management regarding future events, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. In particular, our expectations