St. George's Episcopal Graveyard
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B.R.P.A. Journal
November 2008 BRPA Annual Volume #11 Issue #1 French & Indian War Seminar Send registration form and fees to: B.R.P.A. Jumonville History Seminar 887 Jumonville Rd., Hopwood, PA 15445 or sign up on line @ www.braddockroadpa.org Journal Name: E-Mail: Fall 2008 Address: Phone: home ( ) work ( ) A Little of What’s Going On... Please reserve places for the seminar. An Occasional Publication of News ____ reservations @ $55/person (includes Friday program and/or Saturday) from the... ____ reservations @ $20/student (includes Friday night and/or Saturday) *Please contact the Jumonville office if you are in need of lodging for Friday evening. I would like to make reservations for Saturday lunch. ($7.50/person) Jumonville 887 Jumonville Rd. Hopwood, PA 15445-9901 Please reserve ___ 2009 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $10/calendar is enclosed. (724) 439-4912 phone (724) 439-1415 fax www.braddockroadpa.org Please reserve ___ 2008 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $5/calendar is enclosed. Please reserve ___ 2007 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $5/calendar is enclosed. Please reserve ___ BRPA travel mug(s) for me. $8/mug is enclosed. Remembering the Forbes Campaign Please reserve ___ BRPA lapel pin(s) for me. $6/pin is enclosed. A quarter of a Millennium ago, a British army cut its way west across Please reserve ___ BRPA Polo shirts(s) for me. $30/shirt is enclosed. Pennsylvania, over brutal terrain, fighting increasingly hostile weather. Please reserve ___ BRPA briefcase(s) for me. $30/briefcase is enclosed. The army led by Gen. John Forbes and Col. -
The Triumph of Britannia?
CLASH OF EMPIRES: THE BRITISH, FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 1754 - 1763 CHAPTER 9 The Triumph of Britannia? FIER THE FALL OF NEW FRANCE and the stunning victories of the Seven Years' War, British officials turned their attention to the defense and administration of the newly enlarged American empire. For the first time, British leaders had to face the challenges of ruling large numbers of non-Protestant subjects. With 90,000 Catholic subjects in Canada, and at least 50,000 Native Americans (including perhaps 10,000 warriors) living east of the Mississippi River, a large military presence (7,500 regulars) seemed necessary. Rather than burdening British taxpayers, who had footed the enormous costs of the war, Great Britain now expected American colonists to pay for their own defense. At the same time, Parliament enacted a series of measures to centralize colonial administration and enforce trade laws. Once treated as imperial partners rather than dependents by the wartime administration of William Pitt, many American colonists bristled at what they believed was a systematic effort to deprive them of their British liberties. The burst of pro-British patriotic fervor that had briefly spanned the Atlantic Ocean quickly gave way to protests and recriminations. BRITONS OR AMERICANS? The 1765 Stamp Act and the colonial protests that followed have long been viewed as the first steps leading to the American Revolution. The decade that ended in April 1775 with the outbreak of rebellion in Massachusetts would be better characterized as a struggle to define the relationship between mother country and colonies rather than a drive for independence. -
George Washington's Farewell Address My Account | Register | Help
George Washington's farewell address My Account | Register | Help My Dashboard Get Published Home Books Search Support About Get Published Us Most Popular New Releases Top Picks eBook Finder... SEARCH G E O R G E W A S H I N G T O N ' S F A R E W E L L A D D R E S S Article Id: WHEBN0001291578 Reproduction Date: Title: George Washington's Farewell Address Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia Language: English Subject: Collection: Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia Publication Date: Flag as Inappropriate Email this Article GEORGE WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS George Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by the first American [1] Washington wrote the This article is part of a series about letter near the end of his second term as President, before his retirement to his home Mount Vernon. George Washington Originally published in Daved Claypole's American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796, under the title "The Address of General Washington To The People of The United States on his declining of the Presidency of the United States," the letter was almost immediately reprinted in newspapers across the country and later in a pamphlet form.[2] The work was later named a "Farewell Address," as it was Washington's valedictory after 20 years of service to the new nation. It is a classic statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values. The first draft was originally prepared in 1792 with the assistance of James Madison,[3] as Washington prepared to retire following a single term in office. -
George Washington and Agriculture
" UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CO ^ ^ I— Library o No. 22 (Edition 2) Bibliographical Contributions February 193S GEORGE WASHINGTON AND AGRICULTURE A Classified List of Annotated References with an Introductfoy Note By Everett E. Edwards, Agricultural Economist Division of Statistical and Historical Research Bureau of Agricultural Economics Washington, D. C. PREFACE The first edition of tliis "bilDliogra-ohy on George Washington and Agriculture was issued in Septemher 1931 antici-oation of reqiiests for information on the subject incident to the celebration of the "bicentenary of Washington's hirth. The demand for copies on that occa^sion, as well as since then, has demonstrated the useful- ness of the compilation, not only for its original purpose out also as a source of references on general agricultural conditions during the last half of the eighteenth century. In the preparation of Edition 2 the card catalogs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Library and the Library of Congress have been systematically consulted, and the following indices have been used: the Agricul turel Index . 19l6-February 193^; A. P. C. - G-rif fin's Bibl i o^.-rs. rhy of American Historical Societies (Ed. 2. Washington, I907); Grace Gardner Griffin's Writings on American History . I906-I93O; 1913-February Industrial Arts Index , 193^; the International Index to Periodicals ^ 1920-Februai:/ 19 3^; Poole ' s Index to Periodical Literature . lSg2-1906; Readers ' Gui de to Periodical Literature . 1900-February 19 3^; and Headers Gi-i-ide to Periodical T-i^'^' abbre- Literc.ture Supplement ^ 1907-1919- viations used are those prescribed in U.S. -
Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew Am C Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew aM c Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Mac Donald, James Matthew, "Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3625. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3625 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. POLITICS OF THE PERSONAL IN THE OLD NORTH STATE: GRIFFITH RUTHERFORD IN REVOLUTIONARY NORTH CAROLINA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of History By James M. Mac Donald B.A., University of Delaware, 1995 M.A., Appalachian State University, 1997 May, 2006 To My Parents ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my committee for their support and suggestions during the writing of my dissertation. As a student, I had the good fortune of taking seminars with each member beginning with my first graduate class at LSU. Mark Thompson became director late in the course of the project and generously agreed to chair the committee during the last semester. -
George Washington - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopediavisited on 11/13/2014
George Washington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediavisited on 11/13/2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, George Washington 1731][Note 1][Note 2] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States (1789–1797), the Commander- in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.[3] He presided over the convention that drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation and remains the supreme law of the land. Washington was elected president as the unanimous choice of the electors in the elections of both 1788–1789 and 1792.[4] He oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types.[5] Washington established many forms in government still used today, such as the cabinet 1st President of the United States system and inaugural address.[6][7] His retirement after two terms and the peaceful transition from his presidency to that In office of John Adams established a tradition that continued up until April 30, 1789[nb] – March 4, 1797 Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to a third term.[8] Vice President John Adams Washington has been widely hailed as "father of his country" Preceded by Inaugural holder even during his lifetime.[3][9] Succeeded by John Adams Washington was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Senior Officer of the Army Virginia; his wealthy planter family owned tobacco In office plantations and slaves, that he inherited. -
British Soldiers and Indian Warriors from Braddock's
"MAKE INDIANS F DUR WHITE MEN": BRITISH SOLDIERS AND INDIAN WARRIORS FROM BRADDDCK'S TO FORBES'S CAMPAIGNS, 1755-1758 David L. Preston The Citadel rnMay of 1757, fivemiles outside of Fort Loudoun in south-central Pennsylvania, a lone frontier settler was scouring the woods in search of his stray horses. Fort Loudoun was situated near a gap in the Kittatinny Mountain ridge to defend the Pennsylvania frontiers against combined French and Indian war parties from the Ohio country. Instead of horses, this frontiersman unluckily stumbled upon an Indian war party and immediately fled back to the fort and notified the Pennsylvania forces, perhaps running at a slightly faster gait than his lost horses. The fort commanders men quickly sent out a war party of their own numbering sixty who soon discovered the Indians holed up in a house at Black's Mill. The officers "thought it expedient to postpone the Attack until the Break of Day" and during the night they divided their force into three columns and stealthily surrounded the Indian encampment. Daybreak, however, brought surprise to both the near to provincials and the Indians: When the soldiers "drew . came begin their Fire someWhite Men who with the Indians PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY: A JOURNALOF MID-ATLANTIC STUDIES, VOL. 74, NO. 3, 2OO7. Copyright ? 2007 The Pennsylvania Historical Association This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Mon, 2 Feb 2015 11:19:27 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BRITISH SOLDIERS AND INDIAN WARRIORS sprang out and hollow'd to our People that those were our Friends, the Cherokees, come for our Assistance." The meeting of colonial soldiers and Indians at Black's Mill was a peaceful one, though it could have easily ended in bloodshed. -
Preparations for the Forbes Expedition, 1758, in Adams County, with Particular Focus on the Reverend Thomas Barton James P
Volume 1 Article 3 1995 Preparations for the Forbes Expedition, 1758, in Adams County, with Particular Focus on the Reverend Thomas Barton James P. Myers Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ach Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Cultural History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Myers, James P. (1995) "Preparations for the Forbes Expedition, 1758, in Adams County, with Particular Focus on the Reverend Thomas Barton," Adams County History: Vol. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ach/vol1/iss1/3 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Preparations for the Forbes Expedition, 1758, in Adams County, with Particular Focus on the Reverend Thomas Barton Abstract In the year 1755, two events occurred which left their impress upon the history of what was to become Adams county. One was momentous, and its consequences, like concentric ripples produced by a stone hurled into a large body of water, continued to move and shape the history of Pennsylvania's frontier long afterwards. By comparison, the other was insignificant, the mere, almost undetectable slipping of a pebble into the rushing torrent of Time. Yet this second happening eventuated in ways that profoundly contributed to our understanding of Adams county's, and Pennsylvania's, history during the years 1755-59. -
THE GENERAL CHOOSES a ROAD the Forbes Campaign of 1758 To
THE GENERAL CHOOSES A ROAD The Forbes Campaign of 1758 to Capture Fort Duquesne Niles Anderson THIRD INSTALLMENT VII."Pray God Send Us a Few Fair Days"—October 1758 5 » ffUN rolling killshills okof Pennsylvania were ro8p1en6entresplendent in—tkeirtheir falltall coloring in October 1758 — they are every October yet not as • Theone wordJ off beauty1 « appears in iithe military'1*4. correspondenceAn. r\ ofrt£ the month —or in any other month of the campaign, for that matter. 149 Nature was hard and nature was rough to the road building army. The blossoming laurel and rhododendron were but im- penetrable thickets through which to hack a path. The green sea of tree tops stretching limitless to the horizon was but— an endless roof to block— the sun from the gloomy forest floor the "Shades of Death" beneath. And the turning leaves were but war paint of the enemy's lurking, scalp-bent Indians. Forbes* army, however, might as well have— enjoyed the scenery that October in 1758. They did little else besides repair roads, perform camp fatigue and pull guard. Unseasonable rains made a quagmire of roads and slowed the advance until late in the month when the uncertain sun dried the clay to permit the army to close. 150 At month's end Bouquet still was encamped at Loyalhanna where he had been joined by the rest of Washington's troops. Forbes with the army rear had progressed from Raystown to Stony (or Stoney) Creek (Stoyestown). 149 One exception: describing Loyalhanna Major George Armstrong wrote Bouquet on July 27, 1758 that it "is a very pretty place; well watered and Grass in abundence." Bouquet Papers, p. -
The Backcountry War
CLASH OF EMPIRES: THE BRITISH, FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 1754 - 1763 CHAPTER 5 The Backcountry War RGINIA IS A COUNTRY YOUNG AT WAR," George Washington observed two and alf years after his defeat at Fort Necessity. "Until the breaking out of these bances [it] has lived in the most profound and Tranquil peace; never studying war nor warfare" Washington's comments characterize as well the neighboring colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, which began the 1750s with weak or no militias and few forts or public stores of arms. After a 1755 British expedition failed to capture Fort Duquesne, French, Canadian, and Indian fighters launched devastating raids against the Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia backcountries. Similar attacks had long protected New France and Indian nations. The British would not retake the Forks of the Ohio until 1758, when they finally persuaded the Ohio Indians that their homelands would be protected from encroachment only if they would ally against the French. MARCH TO THE MONONGAHELA Hoping to counter French encroachments without starting a general war, British officials decided to send more regular troops and a British commander to North America in 1755. Sixty- year-old Major General Edward Braddock personally led the expedition against Fort Duquesne. George Washington, who had resigned from the Virginia Regiment over a dispute concerning his rank, joined the campaign as one of Braddock's aides. French commander Captain Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecoeur knew that Fort Duquesne's wood and earth walls could not withstand a siege by Braddock's formidable artillery and 1,400 soldiers. His only hope lay in a preemptive attack on the British before they reached the Forks of the Ohio. -
Bedford County
ON THE ROAD Highways and History in Bedford County For thousands of years the Snake Spring Valley of Bedford County Pennsylvania Department has been a vital transportation corridor through the mountains of of Transportation south-central Pennsylvania. The Snake Spring Valley contains a series of important historic trails and roads, each built on the remains of those that came before. From early native trails to the modern Pennsylvania Turnpike, each resulted from steady improvements in technology and the public’s desire for increased mobility, speed, and convenience. Although many of the early routes were obliterated by later development, traces still survive in the landscape. Recent historical and archaeological studies completed in connection with improvements to US Route 30 provided an opportunity to rediscover the area’s fascinating transportation history. ® ISBN 0-89271-119-5 Scott D. Heberling and William M. Hunter ON THE ROAD Highways and History in Bedford County Scott D. Heberling and William M. Hunter Heberling Associates, Inc. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 2006 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Edward G. Rendell, Governor Federal Highway Administration-Pennsylvania Division James A. Cheatham, Division Administrator Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Allen D. Biehler, Secretary Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Wayne S. Spilove, Chair Barbara Franco, Executive Director Joe Baker, Series Editor Photographs courtesy of -
Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine
THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Volume 50 April 1967 Number 2 NEW LIGHT ON THE 1758 FORBES CAMPAIGN Niles Anderson since the Pittsburgh bicentennial of 1958, followed by the Bushy Run bicentennial of 1963, increasing attention has been Evergiven by historical writer and romantic citizen alike to events of the French and Indian War in general and to the Forbes and other military routes in particular. 1 With this interest, itis apropos for the author to review his article of a few years ago, "The General Chooses a Road — the Forbes Campaign of 1758 to Capture Fort Duquesne," and hopefully to shed Mr. Anderson in this article continues his study of the Forbes Campaign and carries forward his quest for information on the exact course of the Forbes Road. —Editor 1 Inlate 1964 a loosely organized group under the name of the Forbes Trail Committee discussed opening a section of the Forbes Road as a hiking trail. In early 1965, under the leadership of Hartzell A. Michael of the East Boroughs Boy Scout Council, the group cleared and marked a trail from the vicinity ofthe Three Redoubts to the vicinity ofBouquet's Camp. Society member Edgar A. Roth designed a Trail Medal and patch for scout use. The author and Society member Harold A. Thomas assisted in identifying the route. On the rainy opening day of April 24, 1965, some 5,000 boy and girl scouts and others trudged the 20 mile trail. Concurrently, another group of history buffs east of Chestnut Ridge has formed a non-profit corporation under the name of the Forbes Road Association, with the long-range objective of promoting tourism in the Allegheny-Laurel plateau area by re-opening the Forbes Road as a bridle and hiking path, and even dreams of a stage-coach road with operative hostels.