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Menschenrechtsmagazin Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen Universitätsverlag Potsdam MenschenRechtsZentrum MenschenRechtsMagazin Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen Aus dem Inhalt: . Human Rights as a Limit to Utopian Thinking? . Koloniale Kontinuitäten im Menschenrechtsdiskurs . Der Interlaken-Prozess, die Erklärung von Kopenhagen und die Verwirklichung der Menschenrechte in Europa . Das Recht auf Bildung: Völkerrechtlicher Rahmen und nationale Umsetzung im Schulwesen ISSN 1434-2820 24. Jahrgang 2019 | Heft 1/2 MenschenRechtsZentrum MenschenRechtsMagazin Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen Aus dem Inhalt: ▪ Human Rights as a Limit to Utopian Thinking? ▪ Koloniale Kontinuitäten im Menschenrechtsdiskurs ▪ Der Interlaken-Prozess, die Erklärung von Kopenhagen und die Verwirklichung der Menschenrechte in Europa ▪ Das Recht auf Bildung: Völkerrechtlicher Rahmen und nationale Umsetzung im Schulwesen 24. Jahrgang 2019 | Heft 1/2 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de/ abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2019 http://verlag.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533 / Fax: 2292 E-Mail: [email protected] Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. phil. Logi Gunnarsson ([email protected]) Prof. Dr. iur. Eckart Klein ([email protected]) Prof. Dr. iur. Andreas Zimmermann, LL.M. (Harvard) ([email protected]) MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universität Potsdam August-Bebel-Straße 89, 14482 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 3450 / Fax: 3451 ([email protected]) Redaktion: Prof. Dr. iur. Norman Weiß ([email protected]) Marlene Wagner ([email protected]) Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Satz: text plus form, Dresden Druck: docupoint GmbH Magdeburg ISSN 1434-2820 Inhaltsverzeichnis Editorial ............................................................................................................................. 4 AUFSÄTZE: Eckart Klein The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994 ................................................... 5 Michele Tedeschini Human Rights as a Limit to Utopian Thinking ? ......................................................... 12 Felix Brönner Koloniale Kontinuitäten im Menschenrechtsdiskurs ................................................. 24 Norman Weiß Regionalisierung des Menschenrechtsschutzes – Funktionen, Strukturen und Herausforderungen ................................................................................................. 38 Ralf Alleweldt Der Interlaken-Prozess, die Erklärung von Kopenhagen und die Verwirklichung der Menschenrechte in Europa .......................................... 53 Alexandra Evdokimova Gesetzliches Verbot der „Propaganda von nichttraditionellen sexuellen Beziehungen“ in der Russischen Föderation .............................................. 67 Alexander Windoffer Das Recht auf Bildung: Völkerrechtlicher Rahmen und nationale Umsetzung im Schulwesen .................................................................................................................. 76 Alina-Camille Berdefy Das Refoulementverbot in der Praxis ausgewählter Vertragsausschüsse der Vereinten Nationen ................................................................................................... 86 BERICHTE UND DOKUMENTATIONEN: Marlene Wagner Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2018 – Teil I: Staatenberichte ................................ 108 Marlene Wagner Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2018 – Teil II: Individualbeschwerden ............... 136 BUCHBESPRECHUNG: Johann Justus Vasel, Regionaler Menschenrechtsschutz als Emanzipationsprozess: Grundlagen, Strukturen und Eigenarten des europäischen und interamerikanischen Menschenrechtsschutzsystems (Benz) .......................................................................... 149 Autorinnen und Autoren in diesem Heft ..................................................................... 152 4 MRM – MenschenRechtsMagazin Heft 1|2 / 2019 Editorial n the year of its twenty-fifth anniversa- m fünfundzwanzigsten Jahr seines Be- ry, the Human Rights Centre of the Uni- stehens richtet das MenschenRechtsZen- I versity of Potsdam (MRZ) will host the I trum der Universität Potsdam (MRZ) annual conference of the Association of Hu- vom 5. bis zum 7. September 2019 die Jah- man Rights Institutes (AHRI) from Septem- reskonferenz der Association of Human ber 5 to 7, 2019. For the conference under Rights Institutes (AHRI) aus. Zur Konferenz the title “Human Rights and Internation- unter dem Titel “Human Rights and Inter- al Humanitarian Law: Challenges Ahead” national Humanitarian Law: Challenges we present the MRM as a double issue with Ahead” legen wir das MRM als Doppel- contributions in German and English. nummer mit deutsch- und englischsprachi- gen Beiträgen vor. The issue begins with a contribution by Eckart Klein on the founding of the MRZ in Ein Beitrag von Eckart Klein zur Gründung 1994. In their contributions, Michele Tedeschi- des MRZ in 1994 eröffnet das Heft. Michele ni and Felix Brönner deal with the prevailing Tedeschini und Felix Brönner setzen sich in discourse on human rights from critical per- ihren Beiträgen aus kritischen Perspekti- spectives. Norman Weiß’s contribution intro- ven mit dem vorherrschenden Menschen- duces the “regionalisation of human rights rechtsdiskurs auseinander. Norman Weiß protection”. Ralf Alleweldt outlines “The In- führt in die „Regionalisierung des Men- terlaken Process, the Copenhagen Decla- schenrechtsschutzes“ ein. Danach erläutert ration and the Implementation of Human Ralf Alleweldt „De[n] Interlaken-Prozess, die Rights in Europe”. The contribution of Al- Erklärung von Kopenhagen und die Ver- exandra Evdokimova addresses Russian leg- wirklichung der Menschenrechte in Eu- islation against “propaganda” of the LGBT ropa“. Alexandra Evdokimova beschäftigt sich community. Alexander Windoffer’s contri- mit russischer Gesetzgebung gegen „Propa- bution is devoted to the international legal ganda“ der LGBT-Gemeinschaft. Alexan- framework of the right to education and its der Windoffer widmet sich dem völkerrecht- national implementation in the educational lichen Rahmen des Rechts auf Bildung und system. Finally, Alina-Camille Berdefy exam- dessen nationaler Umsetzung. Alina-Camille ines “The Prohibition of Refoulement in the Berdefy schließlich behandelt „Das Refoule- Practice of Selected United Nations Treaty mentverbot in der Praxis ausgewählter Ver- Bodies”. tragsausschüsse der Vereinten Nationen“. Marlene Wagner is now responsible for the Marlene Wagner ist nun für den regelmäßig regular report on the activities of the Unit- erscheinenden Bericht über die Tätigkeit des ed Nations Human Rights Committee. In Menschenrechtsausschusses der Verein ten this issue, we print both the section on state Nationen verantwortlich, dessen beide Tei- reports and the section on individual com- le wir erstmals in einem Heft abdrucken. plaints procedures. Mit einer Buchbesprechung von Eleanor A book review, written by Eleanor Benz, con- Benz schließt das Heft. cludes the issue. Wir wünschen unseren Leserinnen und Le- We wish our readers a stimulating read. sern eine anregende Lektüre. Klein: The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994 5 The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994* Eckart Klein Contents Länder, it made sense to deal more inten- I. Founding Idea and Foundation sively with the topic of human rights, and II. Structure, Placement, Facilities Potsdam in particular was predestined to III. Early Projects do so.4 Ryssdal was able to refer to a recom- IV. Conclusion mendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe of 1979, which called on the member states to promote the estab- I. Founding Idea and Foundation lishment of research institutions on the sub- ject of human rights, particularly at univer- The specific suggestion to found an insti- sities.5 While this proposal had already been tute dedicated to scholarly research and taken up in other countries, there was at teaching in the field of international human that time no corresponding university insti- rights protection came from Rolv Ryssdal, tution in Germany. The initiative was there- President of the European Court of Human fore positively received and attracted the at- Rights in Strasbourg.1 At an international tention of the Ministry of Justice of the Land colloquium on “Human Rights Protection of Brandenburg in particular, to which the in Europe” (June 3 – ​5, 1992), with which Federal Ministry of Justice also made clear the Law Faculty at the University of Pots- its interest in the establishment of such an dam, newly established after reunification, institute in Potsdam.6 The matter entered presented itself to the public2, Ryssdal sug- a new stage with the invitation to teach at gested3 that, precisely because of the re- the University of Potsdam in September cently overcome past in the so-called new 1992 and my move from the University of Mainz to the newly created Chair of Consti- tutional Law, International Law and Euro- * This contribution was first published in German: Eckart Klein, ‚Die Gründung des Menschen- pean Law, as it now seemed possible that Rechts Zentrums im Jahr 1994‘ (2014) MRM 71 – ​ 77. This translation was done by Dr. Lee Holt, 4 According to a letter from Prof. Dr. Rolf Grawert Press and Public
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