TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY these medicinal are naturally available and safe as they do not produce any side effects, such effects, side any produce not do they as safe and available naturally are herbs ( medicinal these diseases different treat to use simultaneously Rodriguez be may drug single words, other in anti as such characteristics biological multiple seco in and good primary of are actions which the to properties due pharmacological health promoting and biological in of these spectrum that broad found to is exhibit It ago nature today. years until disorders thousand health other since and infections medicines and illness, modern various agents of therapeutic natural development as the medicines folk before as medicaments used been also have plants herbal Besides, n essential of sources fundamentalbasis forall life earth. Being on part of food sources, plants general in provideadequate INTRODUCTION Article Full I KEYWORDS: three whichherbs could be used as reference herbs test screening 0.1 (0.43%, Phosphorus and 0.06%) and 0.47% 3.5% (6.19%, sho were L. palmifolia analysis. form ( Sandakan odorata ingredients cooking basic as common quite for localmedicinal herbs: ABSTRACT Eggs FeedAdditives palmifolia Eleutherine ( Compo the on Chemical Investigation Preliminary Vol. Technology and Science on Transactions Received Curcuma longa Curcuma

the production of productionthe

lns ae nw t b te ot rmnn eeet i te csse a te contribute they as ecosystem the in elements prominent most the be to known have Plants and as secondary metabolites. secondary plant as 2 May2 2019 Devina David

Values obtained from the proximate analysis of the Curcuma longa L., Persicaria odorata L. and Eleutherine Eleutherine and L. odorata Persicaria L., longa Curcuma the of analysis proximate the from obtained Values et n eld oyhn bg udr om eprtr pir h aayi o proxim of analysis the prior temperature room under bags polythene sealed in kept Sabah

-

T Garcia

and 7.62%), crude fat (5.08%, 0.83% and 0.24%), crude fibre (5.85%, 10.66% and 2.68%), Calcium (0.2%, Calcium 2.68%), and 10.66% (5.85%, fibre crude 0.24%), and 0.83% (5.08%, fat crude 7.62%), and his Local m r II Revised II evealed that there were pre were there that evealed

study was carried out to determine to out carried was study ) sition of Local Medicinal Herbs Medicinal ofLocal sition .

L. F healthy eggs. In spite of easy cultivatieasy of spite In eggs. healthy resh samples were washed and dried completely in oven (±55°) before being pulverized into powder pulverized being before completely(±55°) dried oven inand washed samplesreshwere

wn as following; moisture (9.13 moisture following; as wn Curcuma longaCurcuma 27June 2019 edicinal herbs, e (

t al. t leaves tinssc s ir, iea ad iais ht eurdi u diy diets. daily our in required that vitamins and mineral fibre, as such utrients Ooi Ooi Phaik Sim , 2017 , 1 , Borhan Abdul Haya )

II Accepted II and 1

6 Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universi Agriculture, ofSustainable Faculty , No. , ). Unlike modern medicines such as antibiotics, it is demonstrated that demonstrated is it antibiotics, as such medicines modern Unlike ). luhrn palmifolia Eleutherine Curcuma longa

L. 2 for - 6 August 2019 August 6 Results of this study suggest some merit on the chemical compositions of these these of compositions chemical the on merit some suggest study this of Results 2 ,

, Persicaria Persicaria odorata L., L., 221 sence of saponin of sence

- s

227

and in th Science and Natural Resources 2019 Resources Natural and Science the Production of Healthy ofHealthy Production the ,

II Online Online II 1 Persicaria odorata Persicaria 201 % n 01% epciey M respectively; 0.14%) and 2% , Rohaida Abdul Rasid

# e furthe Corresponding author Corresponding od diie i lcl cuisin local in additives food 9

L. the phytochemical and proximate compositions of the three selected three the of compositions proximate and phytochemical the %, 88.64% and 84.08%), ash (2.07, 1.83 and 2.16%), crude protein crude 2.16%), and 1.83 (2.07, ash 84.08%), and 88.64% %,

28 August 201928August , Persicaria Persicaria odorata L.) - inflammatory, anti inflammatory, er er study ofthis project. on and availability, these three herbs were selected as they arethey as selected were herbs availability,three these and on

Abd. Rahman Milan L.and s L.

1 , tannin , , Kartini Saibeh

(bulb) as Potential Layer asPotential

2 ti Sabah ( Sabah Malaysia ti II © Transactions on Science and ©on Transactions II

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, 55281, Yogyakarta Istimewa Daerah Mada, Gadjah Universitas Eleutherinepalmifolia . E s -

Mail , total , ee obtai were dr mtblts n lns hc have which plants in metabolites ndary : [email protected]

L. phenols, flavonoid phenols, ,

Eleutherine Eleutherine palmifolia Sandakan Campus Sandakan - bacterial and anti and bacterial e fo lcl markets local from ned e. awie te eut of results the eanwhile, 1 Fresh Fresh # 1 , Nur Hardy Abu Daud , Jupikely James Silip

Technology Technology I

L. 1 , Abd Razak Alimon as ; ucm longa Curcuma

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ( vital biological effects including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimitotic, immunostimulanto and othersrange wide a give to tend bulb, the in metabolites secondary the with associated eleutherinone) bio that revealed dri of theform in culinaryor in used Philippines (Agustin and Indonesia Malaysia, Africa, of regions the in grown widely and America South from originated ( Sasongko compounds) phenolic and (flavonoids metabolites antioxidant, antifungal, long and antibacterial inflam including and andantidiabetic whichothers are due theprobably to properties diarrhoea presence majorvolatile of compoundssuch as as biological such ailments varied various treat encompasses to medicine folk as used was presence (Starkenmann the to due (Sasongkotaste uniquea dishes the gives which mint and lemony strong has it as soup as suchSingapore and Malaysia , ( Asia Southeast from perennial indigenous pat of colonization digestionnutrient and absorption the in (Ooigut the suppressing by environment intestinal the improved that plant herbal the of activity antimicrobial potent the to due explained be can This antimicrobial, fo and antioxidant, exhibit vitellogenin of synthesis the increased turn in which function liver the improving in aid to reported to gastroin tend as Kafi 2014; such Labban, compounds illness various active treating in used these that hepatoprotective revealed is It given pigmentsyellow bright the to due ceremonies religious Buddhist and Hindu both in used being besides agent flavoring and coloring t before days tropical( subtropical and regions in found productsquality without t including by conducted been have lifestyle organic and growth antibioticEuropeanlivestock sector healthinesspromotersin by of concerns the with growing observe been also have potential new for search as naturalfromdrugs sourcesasthe alternative modern to well medicines. as documentation for globe the around plants unexplored more al. et (Usman system medicinal Kampo and Ayurverdic Chinese, traditional in recorded as examples for w (Padhi resistance drug as Agustin Agustin orld’s population still relies on traditional natural herbal medicines for primary health care needs, care health primary for medicines herbal naturaltraditional relieson still population orld’s luhrn palmifolia Eleutherine odorata Persicaria longa Curcuma - , 2009). Thus, researches on on researches Thus, 2009). , hi adhds eptrohoee dodecana (eupatoriochromene, aldehydes chain llicular development, thus increased the egg production performance (Saraswati performance production egg the increased thus development, llicular

in animal in et al.et et al.et , 2016; , e nin ppltos icvrd t mdcnl aus i i cliae t ue as use to cultivated is it values, medicinal its discovered populations ancient he , , 2011b; et al. et - n ohr rpris ee at s oet bioprotectant potent as act even properties, other and

cie opud sc a npounns eeaaie eeteie eleutherol, eleutherine, (elecanacine, naptoquinones as such compounds active

diets L., or , is a perennial herb that originated from India which then widelythen which India from originated that herb perennial a is turmeric, or L., , 2006). According to traditional healing practices, the leaves of of leaves the practices, healing traditional to According 2006). , t al. et Harlita

et al. . o Venms cradr o i Mlyi nmd s Du lka, s an is laksa’, ‘Daun as named Malaysia in or , Vietnamese or L., Ridzuan

i animal in d f (Z) of , 2017). In researches regarding animal nutrition, curcumin in turmeric is is turmeric in curcumin nutrition, animal regarding researches In 2017). , with the aims of aims the with

, , 2016). The main part of heuse of L) er o Dyk no i a idgnu herbaceou indigenous an is onion Dayak or Merr, (L.) t al. et et al.et Ooi

et al. et - et al.et 3 21) I rcn rprs WO revealed WHO reports, recent In 2015). , , 2018). Therefore, it is popular among Dayak tribe in Kalimantanpopular 2018). amongtribe is Therefore,it asDayak in , - plant eea, (Z) hexenal, ,

201

certain level of of level certain antibiotic , 2013 ,

ed onion bulb, pickles, or even powder form. Recent researchesRecent even powderform. bulb,pickles,or ed onion 9 seily ietc sector livestock especially .

Transactions on Science and Technology. Science on Transactions - Science and Natural Resources 2019 Resources Natural and Science derived drugs have been continuously carried out to screen to out carried continuously been have drugs derived

by its main active compoundsactive main its by

). improving Beevers

cum - 3 - et al. et Dash etal. hexen

Eleutherine palmifolia growthpromoters. & Huang & these plant these etnl n rsiaoy iodr (ar 2013; (Nair, disorders respiratory and testinal

, 2011a). This unique pungent smell is reported is smell uniquepungent This 2011a). , the animal production performances production animal the ,2018).

Dash et al. et - ad tes ad te pat secondary plant other and others) and l 1 - l dcnl udcnl ad dodecanal and undecanal, decanal, ol, , 2016) , , 2011; 2011; ,

since t al. et

- based compounds based

6 , the the , ( 2

- . It is often used in local cuisine of cuisine local in used often is It . 2 2006 201 , oes tu rslig n better in resulting thus hogens, Rahardja Rahardja

), ), A practices 221 s in human s in health,

ead o sc approach such for demand

, - is its bulbis its which freshlyoften

; Nanasombat 6; 227 – researches and

curcum

s well as

et al.et tha W . nal 6% f the of 60% nearly t , 2015 , of banning the ith inoi

, such as as such enabling Persicaria odorata Persicaria ds ( ds ). In the the olden ). In

feeding trialsfeeding pat that plant s ain s it as mation - s

t al. et mimicscent et al. et Nair, 2013).Nair, ame and their and

t o be to it , 2013). , 2009; , trend

and

222 is is s f

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1.Table Determinationof Phytochemi of percentages. (1990). AOAC 2000) m the to according Determi polythenebags underroom temperature. seal in stored and form powder into pulverizedbeing before (±55°) oven in completely dried and washed were samples fresh The Sabah. Sandakan, and Ranau at markets local from obtained were Pre METHODOLOGY performance additive feed layer longa preliminary odorata Streptococcuspyogenes pathogeni 2018 ( postpartum process for healing as well as stroke, and cholesterol multi natural Alkaloid Flavanoid phenolsTotal Tannin Saponin parationPlantof Materials Dry matter, moisturematter, Dry Fresh inclusion the regarding information of lacking still is there that found is It . oevr i i fud ht tao etat rm h bl cud nii te rwh of growth the inhibit could bulb the from extract ethanol that found is it Moreover, ). ; meanwhile calcium and phosphorus were determined were phosphorusand meanwhilecalcium ; L.,

L. and and L. nation ofnation Proximate Composition Qualitative screeningmethods the determination for of phytochemical. escra odorata Persicaria

s bacteria c Curcuma longaCurcuma

s s

investigation

. s

- All analyse All illn treat to medicine function

Eleutherine palmifolia Eleutherine

ethods o te rdcin f elh eg a wl as well as eggs healthy of production the for , tpyoocs aureus Staphylococcus Salmonellatyphi Depositionred precipitateof test: Acid of Formation presence. minutes. 15 for agitation by followed test: Frothing oie ouin ws hn de ad bevd Frain f reddish of Formation observed. brown precipitate and added then was solution) iodide acid test Wagner’s intoadded hydroxide Sodium taken For chloride. test Chloride Ferric

L. (rhizome),L.

, ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre crude and fat protein,crude crude ash, , s on the chemical composition of these three local medicinal herbs ( herbs medicinallocal three these chemical of the composition on

cal . an L.

were carried out in triplicate in out carried were of

on a steam bath and filtered. Wagner’s reagent (iodine in potassium in (iodine reagent Wagner’s filtered. and bath steam a on

Ooi aspositive result for

(qualitative analysis of of analysis

et al. et

d

5 ml of extra of ml 5 , 1ml extract. of Formationprecipitate of

luhrn palmifolia Eleutherine 201

mation of greenish of mation L. in animal nutrition, therefore, nutrition, animal in L.

9 1 lo etat was extract of ml 1 : 5

.

and and Technology. Science on Transactions Persicaria odorataPersicaria Science and Natural Resources 2019 Resources Natural and Science ml of extract was added was extract of ml

screening

indicated h Ascain f fiil Analytical Official of Association the Escherichiacoli

: , test m o etat a add ih m o 1% ferric 10% of ml 1 with added was extract of ml 1 ails cereus Bacillus ct was added with 2 ml of 1% hydrochloric acid hydrochloric 1% of ml 2 with added was ct : s sc a hg bod rsue daee, high diabetes, pressure, blood high as such ess

e dos f iue sdu hdoie was hydroxide sodium diluted of drops Few

its presence its test)

its p its indicated

-

resence. brown or black precipitate or colour or precipitate black or brown L. (leaves) and L. . a a avne o nrdc as introduce to advance an as L.)

and r and (Harlita

hkn ih5 lo 2 hydrochloric 2% of ml 5 with shaken ,

. spectrophotometrically its presence. Shigella esults obtained were reported in term in reported were obtained esults

6 with 20 with ( 2 et al.et - Kuntorini 2 ), ), 221

,2018). this study aimed to present a present to aimed study this

o mrv lyr production layer improve to - sp., sp., Eleutherinepalmifolia

227 contents w contents

ml of distilled water and water distilled of ml

indicated suooa aeruginosa Pseudomonas et al.et

foam

, 2010; 2010; ,

Chemists ere f both of

its presence. ind as determined asdetermined

Harlita icated described

Persicaria potential L. (bulb)L. Curcuma (AOAC, was

its et al.et

- .

ed 223 in , ,

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY wide range of health of range wide beto making radicalscavenger,biologicalit effective Addisu 2003; as such 2010). (Sharma bacteria pathogenic and microflora intestine beneficial of phyto improvement these the as environment indicating intestinal counts, bacteria microbial faecal the improve to helped feed layer supplemented1% of Prasad 2003; microorganisms,survival of thus explained theirtreating uses in intestinaldisorders (Dharmanan both of example, growth the For inhibit phytochemicals. these of presence the to saponin credited partly be illnesses can various herbs treat these to drugs herbal of source cheap a as (Hassan used be to them allowing thus and bacteria, pathogenic several against activities physiological vital other and curative antimicrobial, that revealed Researches 2009). agents active pharmacologically secondary plant saponin 199 boneanddevelopment skeletala benefits as health such bring could amount appropriate at feeding constant which in poultry, of performance production overall in nutrients essential these of presence the that Imoru 2018, In 6.3%. is turmeric in content protein crude the summarized (2013) protei Ikpeama by reported as results the with line Theaspect. result this of proximate the For respectively. of results 0.14%) and 0.12% (0.43%, resultsof the composition, Phosphorus and 0.06%) and 0.47% ( Calcium 2.68%), and 10.66% (5.85%, and fibre crude 3.5% 0.24%), (6.19%, and 0.83% protein (5.08%, crude fat crude 2.16%), 7.62%), and 1.83 (2.07, ash 84.08%), and 88.64% (9.13%, moisture longa Curcuma longa Curcuma ANDRESULT DISCUSSION assummarized shown Tablein 1 Usman 1998, g tied air in byHarbone, described in as methods qualitative standard stored using by performedanalysisphytochemicals followed were then samples was extracted This the agitation. and frequent extraction with Soxhlet hours 72 for condition dark in temperature 0; Kubmarawa 0; Meanwhile, thetherephytochemical Meanwhile, theherbs werepresencethree screeningindicated test of of 2 Table room at stand to allowed and solvent methanol with macerated were samples Dried n content they obtained slightly higher values ranging between 9.40 between ranging values higher slightly obtained they content n Besides, researches also revealed also researches Besides, s s hepato et al. et tannin ,

n tannin and Persicaria odorata Persicaria shows

, 2004; Usman and Osuji, 2007; Usman 2007; Osuji, and Usman 2004; , et al. et

t al. et

t al. et L., - L., protective, hypoglycemic, protective, s

ttl hnl, flavonoid phenols, total , , 2009, Ikpeama 2009, , Persicaria odorata Persicaria et al.et

escra od Persicaria 2016) , the results of chemical composition and qualitative phytochemical screening of screening phytochemical qualitative and composition chemical of results the 20; Ikpeama 2008; , metabolites Curcumalonga s -

promoting activities such as anti as such activities promoting

irognss y rcpttn mcoil rti ta ae eurd o the for required are that protein microbial precipitating by microorganisms , 20 , r rpre t b atv atfna ad niirba aet wih could which agents antimicrobial and antifungal active be to reported are Curcumalonga 07;Ikpeama .

Curcuma longa Curcuma L. and L. utemr, flavonoid Furthermore, Ooi

et al. et

orata

. ifrn phytochemicals different

ht ie rtcie effect protective give that r non or

,

et al. et 201 Eleutherine palmfolia Eleutherine

L. and and L. L.,

9 L. and and L. .

t al. et chemicals were reported to have selective inhibition between inhibition selective have to reported were chemicals Transactions on Science and Technology. Science on Transactions Persicariaodorata et al.et , 2014, Azwanida, 2015 and Thakuria and 2015 Azwanida, 2014, , Science and Natural Resources 2019 Resources Natural and Science L. studythe presentproximatein on compositionnearly is in

that saponins possess saponins that

- L. in this study were set as references to compare with thewith compare to references as wereset study this in L.

uret ln comp plant nutrient Eleutherine palmifolia Eleutherine hypoc , , Ooi2014 and 21) I 21, Ooi 2018, In 2014). , s

luhrn palmifolia Eleutherine n alkaloid and et al. et Curcuma longa Curcuma holesterolemic and and holesterolemic , (2014) and Imoru and (2014) , s et a et

potent antioxidant which allowing it to exhibitto itallowing whichantioxidant potent n phenols and

-

L. as both of them have limited findings on findings limited have them of both as L. inflammatory, antiangionic, antioxidant and antioxidant antiangionic, inflammatory, L. and and L. l. , 2009). Hence, the medicinal properties of properties medicinal the Hence, 2009). , etal.

s ee nw t pa iprat roles important play to known were Tee htceias as kon as known also phytochemicals, These .

gis diseases against

nd energy nd metabolism (Latunde , 2018). , Eleutherinepalmifolia ranges of health of ranges

L. could eventually help to enhance to help eventually could L. that revealed is it table, the From L. 6 ( 2 -

o 2 t al. et L. contain desirable amounts of of amounts desirable contain L. ),

unds t al. et a as be dmntae as demonstrated been also has 221 antidiabetic

et al. et -

20; Cardelle 2006; , 227 ae eotd o have to reported are ,

as il pir o further to prior vials lass 21) d (2018)

, (2018), except for crude for except (2018), , -

10.07%. However, Nair However, 10.07%. et al. et Sea ad Oyewole, and (Soetan - beneficial

et al. et , 2018, which were which 2018, , ( Rupasinghe mntae that emonstrated

L.respectively in

demonstrated

-

cobas

pro perties

- dada, t al. et 0.2%, et al. et

d

224 in a, , ,

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [2] [1] REFERENCES Faculty Sustainableof Agriculture, Universiti MalaysiaSabah for providing supportand facilities. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS herbs dietlayerin study could which properties, indicate ( phytochemicals of odorata Persicaria CONCLUSION 2 a 1 (Wagner’s test) Alkaloid (Sodiumhydroxide test) Flavonoid (Ferric chloridetest) Total phenols (Acid test) Tan (Frothingtest) Saponin Qualitative phytochemical screening Phosphorus Calcium Crudefibre Crudefat Crudeprotein Ash Moisture Proximate composition(%) Parameters odorata Persicaria 2 Table these Ikpeama 1992; (Gill, properties other

‘+’ indica‘+’ - c

Meanvalues ± SE with different letters in the samerow are significantlydifferent (P<0.05). nin

This research was fund was research This ( herbs three these that indicated study present from obtained Results

Addisu, S., & Assefa, A. (2016). Role of Plant Containing Saponin on Liv on Saponin Containing Plant of Role (2016). A. Assefa, & S., Addisu, PetrochemicalTechnology ( Dayak Bawang of Properties Antioxidant its on Solvents Extracting of Influence (2016). H. Y. Ju, & S. Faika, R., A. Agustin, Review. phytochemicalsdietin couldpossess positiveeffects both on humanof and livestockhealth. might be used be might s

s ter potential their d . s ted thepresence of component.

s Chemical compositions and qualitative phytochemical screening of of screening phytochemical qualitative and compositions Chemical

AdvancesBiologicalin Research

L.and L. and and L.

as saponin f eed additiveeed to improve

as reference as Eleutherinepalmifolia Eleutherine palmifolia Eleutherine

s t ipoe oh ua ad animal and human both improve to use

medicinal effects, along with various various with along effects, medicinal

ed by Universiti Malaysia Sabah (SDK MalaysiaSabah Universiti by ed s Ooi , tannin , Curcu 6

et al. et (2),1 0.43± 0.02 0.20± 0.02 5.85± 0.05 5.08± 0. 6.19± 0.10 2.07± 0.03 9.13± 0.07

, s

ma 201

Eleutherine palmifoliaEleutherine in th in - s 10. + + + + + 9

et al. et , total phenols, flavonoid phenols, total , .

longa

Transactions on Science and Technology. Science on Transactions Science and Natural Resources 2019 Resources Natural and Science

07 e further study of this project this of study further e a b b a b b c , 2014). According to Imoru to According 2014). ,

, L.

10 L. L.

productionperformance and produce healthyeggs. (5),309 ) contain desirable contain ) Persicaria - 314.

L. Merr). Merr). L. 10.66± 0.08 88.64± 0.06 0.12± 0.01 0.47± 0.01 0.83± 0.04 3.50± 0.07 1.83± 0.02

+ + + + +

odorata s

6

( 2 and alkaloid and

InternationalJourn - vital amount of nutrients. of amount - 2 009) and authors were grateful to grateful were authors and 009) ), ), b a b c c elh Lastly, health. a a

221

et al. al. et - L.

biological and and biological 227 by supplementing by

(2018), optimum level of level optimum(2018),

Eleutherinepalmifolia s ) in these three herbs three these in ) estock Production; A A Production; estock ucm longa Curcuma

ucm longa Curcuma r 84.08± 0.09 al of Chemical andChemical of al esults 0.14± 0.02 7.62± 0.07 2.16± 0.02 0.06± 0.01 2.68± 0.06 0.24± 0.04

physiological The presenceThe + + + + +

of present of the three the b a a c c c b

L., L., 225 L.

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et al. et Journalof

, 10 ,

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,

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5 (1),424 Poiig nml ed Additive. Feed Animal Promising A

nentoa Junl f cetfc and Scientific of Journal International (1),17

AromaticPlants, 6 , - ( 361. 2 , 3 Tropical Life Sciences TropicalLife , - 2 29 (5),443 1 ), ), - ,1 - 221 23. (1),26 igbr officinale Zingiber 429.

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- 60.

227

-

449. - .Amsterdam: Elsevier. 29.

4 (196),196. ucm longa Curcuma

Research

(Lour.) Sojak. (Lour.) ad Their and )

Proceedings of Proceedings (3

rd

edition). edition). African , 29 nsive

(17 (15 : A ): (2),

226 th th

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