Multiple Use Forest Management and the Possibility of Its Application in the Developing Countries

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Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School

1968

Multiple use forest management and the possibility of its application in the developing countries

Abdul Rashid Tariq The University of Montana

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Recommended Citation Tariq, Abdul Rashid, "Multiple use forest management and the possibility of its application in the developing countries" (1968). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3040. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3040

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MULTIPLE USE FOREST MA^aGEMEKT MD THE POSSIBILITY

OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ABDUL RASHID TARlQ

M.Sc,.^ (Physics), University of the Panjab, 19?7

B.Sc. Hons. (Forestry), University of Peshawar, 1961

Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Forestry

UIIVERSITY OF MONTANA

1968

Approved by?

Chairman, Board of EKaminers

De? Graduate School

JAN 3 Date UMI Number: EP34460

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ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 ACKNOM^EDGMENTS

I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to Dr. W. R„

Pierce, Dr. Chris Field and Dr. To J, Nimlos for providing help and guidance in collection of material and compilation of this paper. My thanks are also due to Mrs. Irene Evers who helped me in the collection of literature from various sources. I am indebted to various libraries and institutions, especially the National Agricultural Library, Washing ton, D, C,5 Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Oscford; Directorate of Overseas

Surveys, Tolworth; United Nations Educational, Ssientific and Cxiltaral

Organization, and the U„ S„ Forest Service, for generously providing me with the published material available with them. Lastj but not the least, my thanks are due to Dean Ao Wo Bolle, and various members of the faculty in the School of Forestry, University of Montana, who gen erously helped me and made n^y stay here rewarding. I also thank Mrso

Mary Wilson for taking pains in deciphering of my hand writing, correct ing errors and doing a neat tjrping work.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

ACKNOlfl^ElXjMENTS »oo»oa«c0eoo©eoo««ooooo«®o XX

INTRODtrCTXON c»mc9»es»9ooo0oiieo*oooooooc X

I. FOREST RESOURCES OF THE DE7EL0PIWG COUNTRIES o o c , » . « » 3

Definition of a Developing Country o » « . o » o o . = . 3

Forest Resoixroes oc»oooi>»oooctjoooooooo ^

Management Status o..,«o.,cc»o.eeoo..«.ooll

Regional Forest Situation . , « „ « » . c « , » . „ . o » 12

Current Resource Utilization o . o . « . . o « o . o . o o 17

II. THE PROBLEMS . ..o a o o 23

POpUlatXOn 0*eao*o*o«oocooo«eo»offoo23

Scarcity of Resources .o.eoooco»<.oo<.ooooo25

Hxstorxcal Causes ocosociooot'ooo.ocooooo 27

Climatic Limitations » » o « » « o c o » o <> <, » o o » o , 28

Technological Limitations o o » c » <, « « o o o o » o » o o 29

Economic Lxxnxtatxons ooooooooooaoooooooo 31

Political and Administrative Limitations <> o o <> o . o o <, 32

Dxscussion O»OO0O0O0&00Q00OeQ»000003^

III. MULTIPLE USE FOREST MANAGEMENT . » o » c » o o » o » . o „ 36

Assumptions and Uncertainties o . <> . c » o » . » « o o .. o 38

Socio-economic Values . . o « . . « . « » o » » ^ o » » 1^0

Ecological BaSXS ..eeo.cooved.ooeooooo 1^2

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium c..o«o.oo<,o»o.oii6

iii Iv

SECTION PAGE

Productive Potential of the Land and Multiple Use » . . . »

Evolution of the Concept . » . « „ . o » c o » o . 50

Conflicts and Resolution , » . . . » c . » o o .

^3_SCUSSXOn «ooo«#ooea>ao«>oo90oooodoo 60

lY. APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE USE m DEVELOPING COUNTRIES o 6^

3aSX0 ASSUTnptlOnS 0»0«ca00CDeee0*00090e^5

Problems and Hinderances ,.o.«.o,»»«oooooo68

Shifting cultivation c . . o . o . . . » . » » o « „ » « 68

Grass Xn^ eo«*ooe*oooooo0ocoooooo9o

Traxned personnel i7««eotaoa'ooooo«oo»ooo 71

New Trends e»»e^aooooccocoooa€coovoY2!

BIBLIOGRAPHY » e * & ^ 0 o c * o & c o c ^ c e « o o c o » o e o LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1. Forest Resources of the Under-developed World » , 6

2» Forest Area Per Capita and Crop Density o<,o...c...o.lO

3. Management Status ...o««.<..«o».ooo.o...ooll

« (3rowxn§i Stoclc and Removals c^^eeooeooaoocoaoo l8

5. World Population in 1966, Growth Rate and Projections o « « 2i|.

V LIST OF FIGURES

MAP NO, PAGE

1. Distribution of Under-Development o ... ..c ...... c .

2. The World Forest Resources .... oc o o 13

DIAGRAM NO.

1. Per Capita Distribution of Forests . . » . . o » » . o , o 9

2. Conceptual Model of Adaptability Trends „ o . « . o » o . . » . 30

3. Interrelationships in Biogeocenosis . . . . . » „ « o o . o » iili

. BlOtXC PyratllXd .o.ooo..oooooc>o.ooecooi)o

5. Corapatability Scale in Forest Resource Use » o » c o 56

6. Planning for Multiple Use Management on the National Forests „ ^8

vi INTRODUCTION

The developing countries are passing through a transitional phase

of socio-economic development. Based upon their pastoral-agricultural

economies, the new nations are endeavoring to attain a quasi-industrial

infra-structure for economic developments In this effort, these eoun-

tries are faced with a large number of problems which concern both human

and material resources. Political instability, administrative weakness,

lack of adequate financial and technological resources and cultural

taboos are some of the serious obstacles hindering the progress of many

Tonder-developed countries.

The land, especially the forest, is a vital basic resouree upon

which the structure of economic development can be based. Unfortun

ately, the land resources in most of the developing countries have been

heavily misused. Overgrazing, burning and clearance of forests for

settlement, shifting cultivation, etco, have resulted in the deterior*=

at ion of productive potential, and, in many cases, in the creation of

deserts and seriously eroded areas. The problem facing these countries

today is two-fold, namely, how best to rehabilitate the deteriorated

resources, and utilize the comparatively undamaged resources in an effi

cient way. This problem has been made more complicated by the rapidly

increasing human population, which naturally would cause a proportion

ately increasing pressure on the r