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Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of

Spring 2012

Comparison of Archeological Survey Techniques at Camp Lawton, a Civil War Prison Stockade

James Kevin Chapman

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Recommended Citation Chapman, James Kevin, "Comparison of Archeological Survey Techniques at Camp Lawton, a Civil War Prison Stockade" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 623. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/623

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COMPARISON OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY TECHNIQUES AT CAMP LAWTON, A CIVIL WAR PRISON STOCKADE

by

JAMES KEVIN CHAPMAN

(Under the Direction of Sue Moore)

ABSTRACT

In 2009, Dr. Sue Moore of Georgia Southern University was contacted by State

Archeologist Dr. Dave Crass of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Historic

Preservation Division. He proposed an exploratory survey of the site of a Civil War

Confederate prisoner of war camp known as Camp Lawton located on Magnolia Springs

State Park and Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery in Millen, Georgia. Camp Lawton was constructed, occupied, and abandoned over an approximately three month period in the fall of 1864. The survey served a twofold purpose. First, was to evaluate survey methods to determine the most efficient for use on this and similar sites. Second, was to determine the archeological integrity of the site.

INDEX WORDS: Camp Lawton, Civil War, Prison, Stockade, Millen, Georgia, Lawton, Shovel Test, Metal Detection, Survey, Archeology, Magnolia Springs State Park, Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery

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COMPARISON OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY TECHNIQUES AT CAMP LAWTON, A CIVIL WAR PRISON STOCKADE

by

JAMES KEVIN CHAPMAN

B.A. Anthropology, Georgia Southern University, 2007

A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in Partial

Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF ARTS

STATESBORO, GEORGIA

2012

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© 2012

JAMES KEVIN CHAPMAN

All Rights Reserved

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COMPARISON OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY TECHNIQUES AT CAMP

LAWTON, A CIVIL WAR PRISON STOCKADE

by

JAMES KEVIN CHAPMAN

Major Professor: Sue Moore

Committee: Stephen Hale John Derden

Electronic Version Approved: May, 2012

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my most heartfelt thanks to the member of my thesis Committee: Dr. Sure Moore, Dr. Stephen Hale and Dr. John Derden.

Without their guidance I could never have completed this work. I am also very grateful to my family: my beloved Anna Wibirt, my mother Charlotte Chapman, my brother Scott Chapman and his wife Blair. Thank all of you for being there and for understanding when I was not. A special thanks to all the members of the Camp Lawton Project who have made all we have done possible. Without Amanda Marrow, Matthew Newberrry and Matthew Luke

I would never have achieved all that I have managed to achieve.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 5

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10

2 CIVIL WAR PRISONS IN HISTORICAL LITERATURE ...... 13

3 ROBERT KNOX SNEDEN AND THE PRISON NARRATIVES……….……....18

4 THE CAMP LAWTON PRISON STOCKADE………………………….……….23

5 CAMP LAWTON IN HISTORICAL LITERATURE……….………...….……....49

6 ARCHAEOLOGY OF CONFEDERATE PRISON STOCKADES……….…….. 5