Yenisei River, Kara Sea to Tromso
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Spitsbergen in Depth
SPITSBERGEN IN DEPTH Big Island, Big Adventure Contents 1 Overview 2 Itinerary 4 Arrival and Departure Details 6 Your Ship 8 Included Activities 9 Adventure Options 10 Dates & Rates 11 Inclusions & Exclusions 13 Your Expedition Team 13 Extend Your Trip 14 Meals on Board 15 Possible Excursions 18 Packing Checklist Overview Spitsbergen in Depth: Big Island, Big Adventure This 14-day journey offers the most extensive exploration of Spitsbergen in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, including the opportunity to witness iconic Arctic wildlife like walrus, reindeer and polar bears, a glimpse into 16th-century EXPEDITION IN BRIEF maritime culture at secluded landing sites, and the rare chance to appreciate breathtaking views at the birdwatching utopias 14th of July Glacier and Alkefjellet. Encounter iconic Arctic wildlife, such as polar bears, walrus and reindeer If conditions allow, we will also attempt a full circumnavigation of the Arctic during this memorable voyage, including a visit to the remote, uninhabited Arctic desert View numerous Arctic bird species, like puffins, Arctic terns and purple of Nordaustlandet. sandpipers The wildlife-viewing opportunities on this trip will leave you with plenty of Take advantage of continuous daylight memories—and photos: the walrus with its long tusks and distinctive whiskers; Explore glaciers, fjords, icebergs and Arctic birds in the thousands—in all their varied majesty; small herds of reindeer more with included Zodiac cruising loping across the tundra; and that most iconic of Arctic creatures, the polar bear, Immerse yourself in the icy realm especially as it prowls the edges of the pack ice on the perpetual hunt for food. -
Our Arctic Nation a U.S
Connecting the United States to the Arctic OUR ARCTIC NATION A U.S. Arctic Council Chairmanship Initiative Cover Photo: Cover Photo: Hosting Arctic Council meetings during the U.S. Chairmanship gave the United States an opportunity to share the beauty of America’s Arctic state, Alaska—including this glacier ice cave near Juneau—with thousands of international visitors. Photo: David Lienemann, www. davidlienemann.com OUR ARCTIC NATION Connecting the United States to the Arctic A U.S. Arctic Council Chairmanship Initiative TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Alabama . .2 14 Illinois . 32 02 Alaska . .4 15 Indiana . 34 03 Arizona. 10 16 Iowa . 36 04 Arkansas . 12 17 Kansas . 38 05 California. 14 18 Kentucky . 40 06 Colorado . 16 19 Louisiana. 42 07 Connecticut. 18 20 Maine . 44 08 Delaware . 20 21 Maryland. 46 09 District of Columbia . 22 22 Massachusetts . 48 10 Florida . 24 23 Michigan . 50 11 Georgia. 26 24 Minnesota . 52 12 Hawai‘i. 28 25 Mississippi . 54 Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Photo: iStock.com 13 Idaho . 30 26 Missouri . 56 27 Montana . 58 40 Rhode Island . 84 28 Nebraska . 60 41 South Carolina . 86 29 Nevada. 62 42 South Dakota . 88 30 New Hampshire . 64 43 Tennessee . 90 31 New Jersey . 66 44 Texas. 92 32 New Mexico . 68 45 Utah . 94 33 New York . 70 46 Vermont . 96 34 North Carolina . 72 47 Virginia . 98 35 North Dakota . 74 48 Washington. .100 36 Ohio . 76 49 West Virginia . .102 37 Oklahoma . 78 50 Wisconsin . .104 38 Oregon. 80 51 Wyoming. .106 39 Pennsylvania . 82 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE AN ARCTIC NATION? oday, the Arctic region commands the world’s attention as never before. -
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Transit Passage in the Russian Arctic Straits
International Boundaries Research Unit MARITIME BRIEFING Volume 1 Number 7 Transit Passage in the Russian Arctic Straits William V. Dunlap Maritime Briefing Volume 1 Number 7 ISBN 1-897643-21-7 1996 Transit Passage in the Russian Arctic Straits by William V. Dunlap Edited by Peter Hocknell International Boundaries Research Unit Department of Geography University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Tel: UK + 44 (0) 191 334 1961 Fax: UK +44 (0) 191 334 1962 e-mail: [email protected] www: http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk Preface The Russian Federation, continuing an initiative begun by the Soviet Union, is attempting to open the Northern Sea Route, the shipping route along the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Norwegian frontier through the Bering Strait, to international commerce. The goal of the effort is eventually to operate the route on a year-round basis, offering it to commercial shippers as an alternative, substantially shorter route from northern Europe to the Pacific Ocean in the hope of raising hard currency in exchange for pilotage, icebreaking, refuelling, and other services. Meanwhile, the international law of the sea has been developing at a rapid pace, creating, among other things, a right of transit passage that allows, subject to specified conditions, the relatively unrestricted passage of all foreign vessels - commercial and military - through straits used for international navigation. In addition, transit passage permits submerged transit by submarines and overflight by aircraft, practices with implications for the national security of states bordering straits. This study summarises the law of the sea as it relates to straits used for international navigation, and then describes 43 significant straits of the Northeast Arctic Passage, identifying the characteristics of each that are relevant to a determination of whether the strait will be subject to the transit-passage regime. -
Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic Download
Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic Searching for Ways for Adaptation Сompillation of basic recommendations prepared by WWF-Russia Moscow • 2009 Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic, Searching for Ways for Adaptation. Сompillation of basic recommendations prepared by WWF-Russia. WWF-Russia, Moscow, 2009. - 64 pp. The study addresses climate change impacts on Russian Arctic. It formulates recommendations on ecosystem resilience, including: 1) enhanced system of protected areas; 2) conservation of unique biodiversity; and 3) monitoring and early warning systems, timely update of prognoses and planned measures. The study could be used for planning and subsequent implementation of resilience building and adaptation strategies and plans in Russian Arctic, including activities of wide range of stakeholders: officials, business, ecological organizations and public at national and local levels. Compiled by Dr. Olga Krever Editors: Dr. Victoria Elias, Dr. Alexey Kokorin Translated by: Vadim Vinichenko Design and Production: Alexander Filippov Photo on the cover: © Wim van Passel / WWF-Canon Circulation: 200 November 2009, WWF-Russia, Moscow, Russia Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention WWF. Use of photographs from this publication is prohibited without written permission of WWF-Russia. © text 2009 WWF-Russia. All rights reserved. For free distribution Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I. Observed climate changes 7 1. Surface air temperature 7 2. Precipitation 8 3. Snow cover 8 4. Permafrost 8 5. Sea ice in the Arctic basin 9 Chapter II. Projected climate changes 10 1. Climate models 10 2. Surface air temperature 12 3. Snow cover 12 4. Permafrost 12 5. -
Arctic Animals
SeaWorld Teacher’s Guide Pack Your Sled for An Arctic Exploration OBJECTIVE MATERIALS Given limited resources and various ❑ copies of map on page 23, methods of travel, students will chart a enlarged 130% on 11" x 17" paper course across the Arctic. ❑ ruler ❑ pencils ❑ reference books on arctic explor- ers such as Frederick A. Cook, Sir Hubert Wilkins, Robert E. Peary, Matthew Henson, or Will Steger BACKGROUND Early arctic explorers needed to plan carefully in order to survive harsh environmental conditions. Even with modern communication and travel technologies, arctic explorers today must also plan carefully. Food shortages, broken gear, and worn shelter can all bring disaster to an expedition. Modern-day arctic explorers include Will Steger and the International Arctic Project. The research team traveled from the Russian arctic island of Severnaya Zemlya in March, 1995, to Resolute, Canada, in July, 1995. A daily journal of the trip is available on the Internet. Find http://ics.soe.umich.edu/ed712/IAPProfile.html ACTION 1. Discuss as a class the expeditions of tion from the list below. (Speeds esti- early explorers. What were the hard- mated for best travel conditions.) ships? In what ways is exploration • canoe-sled holds 454 kg (1,000 lb.) and easier today? travels 48 km (30 mi.) a day. 2. Discuss specific items people would • Twin Otter plane holds 3,178 kg need to survive. List items on the (7,000 lb.) and cruises at 370 km/hr. board. Weight is very important (230 mi./hr.) when traveling by sled, boat, or plane. Can students approximate the • dog sled holds 545 kg (1,200 lb.) and weights of the items listed? travels 40.2 km (25 mi.) per day 3. -
National Report of the Russian Federation
DEPARTMENT OF NAVIGATION AND OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NATIONAL REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 7TH CONFERENCE OF ARCTIC REGIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC COMMISSION Greenland (Denmark), Ilulissat, 22-24 august, 2017 1. Hydrographic office In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation matters of nautical and hydrographic services for the purpose of aiding navigation in the water areas of the national jurisdiction except the water area of the Northern Sea Route and in the high sea are carried to competence of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Planning, management and administration in nautical and hydrographic services for the purpose of aiding navigation in the water areas of the national jurisdiction except the water area of the Northern Sea Route and in the high sea are carried to competence of the Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (further in the text - DNO). The DNO is authorized by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to represent the State in civil law relations arising in the field of nautical and hydrographic services for the purpose of aiding navigation. It is in charge of the Hydrographic office of the Navy – the National Hydrographic office of the Russian Federation. The main activities of the Hydrographic office of the Navy are the following: to carry out the hydrographic surveys adequate to the requirements of safe navigation in the water areas of the national jurisdiction and in the high -
Maintaining Arctic Cooperation with Russia Planning for Regional Change in the Far North
Maintaining Arctic Cooperation with Russia Planning for Regional Change in the Far North Stephanie Pezard, Abbie Tingstad, Kristin Van Abel, Scott Stephenson C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1731 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9745-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: NASA/Operation Ice Bridge. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Despite a period of generally heightened tensions between Russia and the West, cooperation on Arctic affairs—particularly through the Arctic Council—has remained largely intact, with the exception of direct mil- itary-to-military cooperation in the region. -
An Emerging Blue Economy in Russia's Coastal Arctic?
sustainability Article Planning for Sustainability: An Emerging Blue Economy in Russia’s Coastal Arctic? Gao Tianming 1, Nikolai Bobylev 2 , Sebastien Gadal 3,4 , Maria Lagutina 5, Alexander Sergunin 6,7 and Vasilii Erokhin 1,* 1 School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Ecological Safety & Sustainable Development of Regions, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Aix Marseille Univ, Université Côte d’Azur, Avignon Université, CNRS, ESPACE, UMR 7300, Avignon, CEDEX 04, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Ecology and Geography, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 670007 Yakutsk, Russia 5 Department of World Politics, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 6 Department of International Relations Theory and History, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 7 Department of World Politics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, 119454 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-156-3670-9072 Abstract: The main research objective of this study is to examine how coastal urban communities in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) organize the sustainable development (and emerging blue economy) strategy planning process. Along with this general objective, this study focuses on four more specific questions: First, to examine whether the sustainable development and Citation: Tianming, G.; Bobylev, N.; blue economy concepts are integrated into the urban development strategies and whether they are a Gadal, S.; Lagutina, M.; Sergunin, A.; real priority for the northern coastal communities? Second, to figure out which local government and Erokhin, V. -
Personal, Societal, and Ecological Values Of
Study of Plant Species Diversity in the West Siberian Arctic Olga Khitun Olga Rebristaya Abstract—The West Siberian Arctic, due to its history and physi- anywhere; the territory is covered by a thick (up to 300 ography, is characterized by a simple biotope (habitat) structure meters) layer of Quaternary deposits, formed by alternat- and low species richness. By analyzing full vegetative species ing clay, clayey, and sandy layers (Sisko 1977). The study inventories in specific localities, comparisons of floras of different area lies within the zone of continuous permafrost, where biotopes (such as partial floras), and identification of the roles of seasonal freeze-thaw processes and cryogenic natural dis- individual species across the landscape, our research revealed turbances (thermokarst, solifluction, streambank erosion, subzonal changes in the structure of plant species diversity. landslides) occur. Though general taxonomic diversity decreases from the southern The climate is continental and rather severe. The absence hypoarctic tundra to the arctic tundra subzone, the number of of weather stations in the study area forced us to use the species in partial floras does not decrease significantly. There was nearest data to characterize climatic conditions (table 1). an increase in ecological amplitudes (mainly of arctic and arctic/ Average July temperatures range from 11 degrees centi- grade in the south to 4 degrees centigrade in the north. alpine species) in the majority of habitats. The ratio of geographi- Average January temperatures range from minus 25 de- cal groups differs greatly between subzones: hypoarctic and boreal grees centigrade in the south to minus 27 degrees centigrade species prevail in the southern subzone; arctic and arctic/alpine in the north; the average low temperature is minus 29 to species replace them in arctic tundra. -
The Norwegian Fjords, Bear Island & Svalbard
SVALBARDTHE NORWEGIAN FJORDS, BEAR ISLAND & SVALBARD - SPRINGTIME IN SVALBARD - SVALBARD 2 ADVENTURE021 - EXPEDITION SVALBARD POLAR ADVENTURES SINCE 1999 For more than 20 years, we have taken adventurous travellers to the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. From May to September, our three small expedition ships explore this magnificent wilderness that are home to animals such as the charming walrus, the cute Arctic fox, the endemic Svalbard reindeer and last, but certainly not least, the king of the Arctic – the polar bear. Every expedition with us is unique and our aim is that each passenger will have the trip of a lifetime. When you call our office you will speak to members of staff, whom all have been to Svalbard themselves and can answer all your questions about the big adventure. Sustainability is at the heart of PolarQuest and all trips are climate compensated. Welcome on board! SMALL EXPEDITION SHIPS – GREAT MOMENTS Our expedition ships are comfortable, carry only 12 or 53 passengers and when you travel through Svalbard’s untamed wilderness as the exact route offer a completely different experience compared to a larger ship. We can depends on weather, ice conditions and wildlife encounters. Sometimes you reach some of the most inaccessible areas, all passengers can go ashore might be woken up in the middle of the bright night if a polar bear has been at the same time and we can maximise the time to ensure that you get the spotted on the ice or a whale in front of the ship. Below, please find our most out of your trip.