The Norwegian Fjords, Bear Island & Svalbard
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Spitsbergen in Depth
SPITSBERGEN IN DEPTH Big Island, Big Adventure Contents 1 Overview 2 Itinerary 4 Arrival and Departure Details 6 Your Ship 8 Included Activities 9 Adventure Options 10 Dates & Rates 11 Inclusions & Exclusions 13 Your Expedition Team 13 Extend Your Trip 14 Meals on Board 15 Possible Excursions 18 Packing Checklist Overview Spitsbergen in Depth: Big Island, Big Adventure This 14-day journey offers the most extensive exploration of Spitsbergen in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, including the opportunity to witness iconic Arctic wildlife like walrus, reindeer and polar bears, a glimpse into 16th-century EXPEDITION IN BRIEF maritime culture at secluded landing sites, and the rare chance to appreciate breathtaking views at the birdwatching utopias 14th of July Glacier and Alkefjellet. Encounter iconic Arctic wildlife, such as polar bears, walrus and reindeer If conditions allow, we will also attempt a full circumnavigation of the Arctic during this memorable voyage, including a visit to the remote, uninhabited Arctic desert View numerous Arctic bird species, like puffins, Arctic terns and purple of Nordaustlandet. sandpipers The wildlife-viewing opportunities on this trip will leave you with plenty of Take advantage of continuous daylight memories—and photos: the walrus with its long tusks and distinctive whiskers; Explore glaciers, fjords, icebergs and Arctic birds in the thousands—in all their varied majesty; small herds of reindeer more with included Zodiac cruising loping across the tundra; and that most iconic of Arctic creatures, the polar bear, Immerse yourself in the icy realm especially as it prowls the edges of the pack ice on the perpetual hunt for food. -
Our Arctic Nation a U.S
Connecting the United States to the Arctic OUR ARCTIC NATION A U.S. Arctic Council Chairmanship Initiative Cover Photo: Cover Photo: Hosting Arctic Council meetings during the U.S. Chairmanship gave the United States an opportunity to share the beauty of America’s Arctic state, Alaska—including this glacier ice cave near Juneau—with thousands of international visitors. Photo: David Lienemann, www. davidlienemann.com OUR ARCTIC NATION Connecting the United States to the Arctic A U.S. Arctic Council Chairmanship Initiative TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Alabama . .2 14 Illinois . 32 02 Alaska . .4 15 Indiana . 34 03 Arizona. 10 16 Iowa . 36 04 Arkansas . 12 17 Kansas . 38 05 California. 14 18 Kentucky . 40 06 Colorado . 16 19 Louisiana. 42 07 Connecticut. 18 20 Maine . 44 08 Delaware . 20 21 Maryland. 46 09 District of Columbia . 22 22 Massachusetts . 48 10 Florida . 24 23 Michigan . 50 11 Georgia. 26 24 Minnesota . 52 12 Hawai‘i. 28 25 Mississippi . 54 Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Photo: iStock.com 13 Idaho . 30 26 Missouri . 56 27 Montana . 58 40 Rhode Island . 84 28 Nebraska . 60 41 South Carolina . 86 29 Nevada. 62 42 South Dakota . 88 30 New Hampshire . 64 43 Tennessee . 90 31 New Jersey . 66 44 Texas. 92 32 New Mexico . 68 45 Utah . 94 33 New York . 70 46 Vermont . 96 34 North Carolina . 72 47 Virginia . 98 35 North Dakota . 74 48 Washington. .100 36 Ohio . 76 49 West Virginia . .102 37 Oklahoma . 78 50 Wisconsin . .104 38 Oregon. 80 51 Wyoming. .106 39 Pennsylvania . 82 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE AN ARCTIC NATION? oday, the Arctic region commands the world’s attention as never before. -
Surface Magnetic Anomaly Study on the Eastern Part of the Forlandsundet Graben
Surface magnetic anomaly study on the eastern part of the Forlandsundet Graben A. A. KRASIL'ScIKOV*, A. P. KUBANSKIJ'* and Y. OHTA Krasil'Stikov, A. A,, Kubanskij, A. P. & Ohta, Y. 1995: Surface magnetic anomaly study on the eastern part of the Forlandsundet Graben. Polar Research 14(1), 55-68. A surface magnetic survey was carried out by use of a proton magnetometer over wide strandflats along the eastern coast of Forlandsundet, western Spitsbergen, to decipher subsurface structures and lithologies. Distinctive linear high-anomaly segments and zones were recognised on the magnetic anomaly maps. These zones coincide well with the eastern marginal fault of the Tertiary Forlandsundet Graben and associated faults north of St. Jonsfjorden, while they reflect bedrock lithologies in the south. The high-anomaly segments, which constitute the zones, are locally aligned in a left-stepping. en echelon arrangement within the zones, indicating a dextral transpressional stress regime on the eastern marginal fault of the graben during a certain time. Sudden termination and bends of the segments define a later transverse fault system. A. A. Kradftikou and A. P. Kubanskij, Polar Marine Geological Expedition, ul. Pobeda, 24, 189510 Lomonosou. Russia; Y. Ohta, Norwegian Polar Institute, P.O. Box 5072 Majorstua. N-0301 Oslo, Norway. Introduction Kleinspehn & Teyssier (1992), Gabrielsen et al. (1992) and Lepvrier (1992), and various esti- Pronounced coastal plains have developed on the mations of the subsurface geology have been pro- eastern coast of Forlandsundet, 1.5-6 km in posed. width, extending N-S for approximately 75 km The areas have complex structures resulting from Engelskbukta to the northern side of Isfjor- from Caledonian thrusting which was overprinted den (Fig. -
Handbok07.Pdf
- . - - - . -. � ..;/, AGE MILL.YEAR$ ;YE basalt �- OUATERNARY votcanoes CENOZOIC \....t TERTIARY ·· basalt/// 65 CRETACEOUS -� 145 MESOZOIC JURASSIC " 210 � TRIAS SIC 245 " PERMIAN 290 CARBONIFEROUS /I/ Å 360 \....t DEVONIAN � PALEOZOIC � 410 SILURIAN 440 /I/ ranite � ORDOVICIAN T 510 z CAM BRIAN � w :::;: 570 w UPPER (J) PROTEROZOIC � c( " 1000 Ill /// PRECAMBRIAN MIDDLE AND LOWER PROTEROZOIC I /// 2500 ARCHEAN /(/folding \....tfaulting x metamorphism '- subduction POLARHÅNDBOK NO. 7 AUDUN HJELLE GEOLOGY.OF SVALBARD OSLO 1993 Photographs contributed by the following: Dallmann, Winfried: Figs. 12, 21, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35, 48 Heintz, Natascha: Figs. 15, 59 Hisdal, Vidar: Figs. 40, 42, 47, 49 Hjelle, Audun: Figs. 3, 10, 11, 18 , 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75 Larsen, Geir B.: Fig. 70 Lytskjold, Bjørn: Fig. 38 Nøttvedt, Arvid: Fig. 34 Paleontologisk Museum, Oslo: Figs. 5, 9 Salvigsen, Otto: Figs. 13, 59 Skogen, Erik: Fig. 39 Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK): Fig. 26 © Norsk Polarinstitutt, Middelthuns gate 29, 0301 Oslo English translation: Richard Binns Editor of text and illustrations: Annemor Brekke Graphic design: Vidar Grimshei Omslagsfoto: Erik Skogen Graphic production: Grimshei Grafiske, Lørenskog ISBN 82-7666-057-6 Printed September 1993 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................6 The Kongsfjorden area ....... ..........97 Smeerenburgfjorden - Magdalene- INTRODUCTION ..... .. .... ....... ........ ....6 fjorden - Liefdefjorden................ 109 Woodfjorden - Bockfjorden........ 116 THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF SVALBARD .... ........... ....... .......... ..9 NORTHEASTERN SPITSBERGEN AND NORDAUSTLANDET ........... 123 SVALBARD, PART OF THE Ny Friesland and Olav V Land .. .123 NORTHERN POLAR REGION ...... ... 11 Nordaustlandet and the neigh- bouring islands........................... 126 WHA T TOOK PLACE IN SVALBARD - WHEN? .... -
Climate in Svalbard 2100
M-1242 | 2018 Climate in Svalbard 2100 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation NCCS report no. 1/2019 Photo: Ketil Isaksen, MET Norway Editors I.Hanssen-Bauer, E.J.Førland, H.Hisdal, S.Mayer, A.B.Sandø, A.Sorteberg CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 Commissioned by Title: Date Climate in Svalbard 2100 January 2019 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation ISSN nr. Rapport nr. 2387-3027 1/2019 Authors Classification Editors: I.Hanssen-Bauer1,12, E.J.Førland1,12, H.Hisdal2,12, Free S.Mayer3,12,13, A.B.Sandø5,13, A.Sorteberg4,13 Clients Authors: M.Adakudlu3,13, J.Andresen2, J.Bakke4,13, S.Beldring2,12, R.Benestad1, W. Bilt4,13, J.Bogen2, C.Borstad6, Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) K.Breili9, Ø.Breivik1,4, K.Y.Børsheim5,13, H.H.Christiansen6, A.Dobler1, R.Engeset2, R.Frauenfelder7, S.Gerland10, H.M.Gjelten1, J.Gundersen2, K.Isaksen1,12, C.Jaedicke7, H.Kierulf9, J.Kohler10, H.Li2,12, J.Lutz1,12, K.Melvold2,12, Client’s reference 1,12 4,6 2,12 5,8,13 A.Mezghani , F.Nilsen , I.B.Nilsen , J.E.Ø.Nilsen , http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/M1242 O. Pavlova10, O.Ravndal9, B.Risebrobakken3,13, T.Saloranta2, S.Sandven6,8,13, T.V.Schuler6,11, M.J.R.Simpson9, M.Skogen5,13, L.H.Smedsrud4,6,13, M.Sund2, D. Vikhamar-Schuler1,2,12, S.Westermann11, W.K.Wong2,12 Affiliations: See Acknowledgements! Abstract The Norwegian Centre for Climate Services (NCCS) is collaboration between the Norwegian Meteorological In- This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency in order to provide basic information for use stitute, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Norwegian Research Centre and the Bjerknes in climate change adaptation in Svalbard. -
Foraminifera1 Stratigraphy of Raised Marine Deposits, Representing Isotope Stage 5, Prins Karls Forland, Western Sval Bard
Foraminifera1 stratigraphy of raised marine deposits, representing isotope stage 5, Prins Karls Forland, western SVal bard HELENE BERGSTEN. TORBJORN ANDERSON and OLAFUR INGOLFSSON Bergsten, H., Andersson. T. & Ingolfsson, 0. 1998: Foraminiferd stratigraphy of raised marine deposits, representing isotope stage 5. Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard. Polar Research 17(1). 81-91. Two raised marine sequences from Prim Karls Forland, western Svalbard, interpreted to have been deposited during part of isotope substage Se (Eemian) and substage 5a, were studied for foraminifera content. Time constraints are given by I4C ages, infrared stimulated luminescence age estimates and amino acid ratios in suhfossil marine molluscs. A diamicton (unit B) separates the two marine sequences and reflects an advancement of local glaciers sometime late in isotope stage 5. The two marine sequences contain diverse benthic foraminifera1 faunas, indicating periods of a relatively warm and seasonally ice-free marine shelf environment. Compared to the lowermost sequence (unit A), the upper marine sequence (unit C) seems to reflect a more shallow environment that could have resulted from the global lowering of the sea level towards the end of isotope stage 5. Our results further emphasise the problem of biostratigraphic distinction between interglacial and interstadial deposits at high latitudes, with temperature conditions for substage Sa close to those of substage 5e and present conditions. Helene Bergsten, Torbjorn Andersson and Olufur Ingdlfsson, Earth Sciences Centre, Goteborg University, Box 460, S-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden. Introduction Chronology and glacial history The Poolepynten site is situated on Prins Karls Sediments in the Poolepynten sections are ex- Forland, western Svalbard at N78'27'El l"40' posed in up to 10 metre high coastal cliffs over a (Fig. -
ESG Perspectives June 2019 Svalbard Sojourn an Arctic
June 2019 ESG Perspectives ™ SVALBARD SOJOURN: AN ARCTIC EXPERIENCE by Bob Smith, President & CIO islands are 60% glaciated with some of the world’s fastest-moving glaciers. The balance of the region is 30% barren ground, and 10% is covered with very low ground vegetation. In contrast to other Arctic regions, the Svalbard has no indigenous population and there is no historical evidence that the Vikings settled in the area during their time. In fact, it was the 1596 Dutch expedition of Willem Barents who discovered and drew maps of the region before his ship was crushed by freezing sea ice leading to his untimely death. However, the work of this expedition survived, and it led to the exploration of the region by other European countries over the Photo of Bob Smith in Kungsfjord, Svalbard centuries. This eventually gave rise to the exploitation It is said that what happens in the Arctic doesn’t stay of the natural resources of the region as a destination in the Arctic. That is because this region provides for whalers, fur trappers, and seal hunters, as well as essential global climate regulation and substantial other animal-based products. With the industrialization ecosystem benefits to humanity outside and beyond of Europe and the arrival of steel-hulled ships in the its boundaries. Indeed, the Arctic environment, and early 1900s, this region also eventually became a source human society and its economic activities are deeply for industrial minerals and, in particular, coal. connected to each other, representing a pivotal link in a complex adaptive global ecosystem. -
Spitsbergen & the Svalbard Archipelago 2019
Field Guides Tour Report The Norwegian Arctic: Spitsbergen & the Svalbard Archipelago 2019 Jun 26, 2019 to Jul 6, 2019 John Coons & Doug Gochfeld For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. Polar Bear. What more is there to say? Actually there is much more to be said for this most-wanted iconic Arctic mammal. This female, who could have been pregnant by the looks of her, was as at home on the pack ice as one could imagine her being anywhere. After a nap, she curiously approached the ship, before eventually sauntering off across the windswept, seemingly desolate sea ice which stretched to the horizon, and indeed beyond the limits of our sight. This was certainly the most anticipated moment by many of the participants on the ship, and with good reason. What a majestic creature! Photo by guide Doug Gochfeld. The Arctic. That word is one of the most evocative of any which describes a region on this planet. There aren’t many places where you can easily access it, and none of those are as far north as Svalbard. Our journey not only got us up to some of the farthest north tundra, but it also brought us into the Arctic sea ice itself. It all started with a flight from Oslo, the culturally rich capital of the northern kingdom of Norway, across the ocean where the Norwegian and Barents Seas meet, to Longyearbyen, the only substantial settlement on the Svalbard Archipelago. The windswept “city,” along the southern shores of Isfjorden, was established as a coal mining settlement many moons ago, but nowadays there is only one very insignificant mine still active, and it has transformed into a tourism & research-centric town. -
Chapter 1 Svalbard, 3 Chapter 2 Outline History of Geological Research, 16 Chapter 3 Svalbard's Geological Frame, 23
Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 PART 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Svalbard, 3 Chapter 2 Outline history of geological research, 16 Chapter 3 Svalbard's geological frame, 23 Mid-season view of the glaciers Comfortlessbreen (on the left) and Aavartsmarkbreen (beyond). The rocks are Early Vendian with Varanger tillites. Stratigraphic sections are generally worked along the glacier margins either by porterage from the shore (in this case Egelskbukta) or by sledge from the interior. Photo M. J. Hambrey (SP. 455). Late season view from the east over the terminal crevassed glacier Monacobreen. In this case access up the glacier is almost impossible because the lower reaches are deeply crevassed and the glacier terminates in ice-cliffs in inner Liefdefjorden. The glacier beyond offers an easy route westward. Photo P. W. Webb, CSE 1989. Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 View from Ossian Sarsfjellet at the eastern end of Kongsfjorden towards the mountains of Broggerhalvoya which are reflected in the fjord. The intervening fjord carries a scatter of small bergs which have calved from the glacier cliffs of Kronebreen and Kongsbreen respectively to north and south of the photographer. The concentration of ice depends on wind and tide and is navigable with care in a slow moving boat. The small bergs melt rapidly in the summer. Photo M. J. Hambrey (SP96.122) 1996. The CSE motorboat Salterella in mid-Kongsfjorden seen when looking out to sea with the landmark Kapp Mitra to the right where the rocks are Caledonian metamorphosed basement of pre-Vendian rocks. -
Spitsbergen-Bear Island
SPITSBERGEN-BEAR ISLAND A voyage to Bear Island and returning to Longyeabyen, in search of seals and bears. The land of the midnight sun, of snow and ice, offers some of the finest scenery and wildlife experiences in the world. Bear Island, or Bjørnøya in Norwegian, is the southernmost island of the Spitsbergen archipelago. ITINERARY Day 1: Departure from Longyearbyen Arrive in Longyearbyen, the administrative capital of the Spitsbergen archipelago of which West Spitsbergen is the largest island. Before embarking there is an opportunity to stroll around this former mining town, whose parish church and Polar Museum are well worth visiting. In the early evening the ship will sail out of Isfjorden. Day 2: Cruising the fjords of Hornshund 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com We start the day quietly cruising the side fjords of the amphitheatre of glacier fronts. spectacular Hornsund area of southern Spitsbergen, enjoying the scenery of towering mountain peaks. Hornsundtind rises to Day 7: Stormbukta 1,431m, while Bautaen shows why early Dutch explorers gave If ice conditions allow we will land at Stormbukta with an easily the name ‘Spitsbergen’ - pointed mountains - to the island. accessible Kittiwake colony in a canyon and warm springs, There are also 14 magnificent glaciers in the area and very which do not freeze during winter. Alternatively we land at good chances of encounters with seals and Polar Bear. Palfylodden a Walrus haul out place with the remains of thousands of walruses slaughtered in previous centuries. We Day 3: Hvalrossbukta sail northward along the Spitsbergen banks, looking for Finn At the south side of Bear Island we sail by the largest bird cliffs Whales. -
Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic Download
Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic Searching for Ways for Adaptation Сompillation of basic recommendations prepared by WWF-Russia Moscow • 2009 Climate Change Impacts in the Russian Arctic, Searching for Ways for Adaptation. Сompillation of basic recommendations prepared by WWF-Russia. WWF-Russia, Moscow, 2009. - 64 pp. The study addresses climate change impacts on Russian Arctic. It formulates recommendations on ecosystem resilience, including: 1) enhanced system of protected areas; 2) conservation of unique biodiversity; and 3) monitoring and early warning systems, timely update of prognoses and planned measures. The study could be used for planning and subsequent implementation of resilience building and adaptation strategies and plans in Russian Arctic, including activities of wide range of stakeholders: officials, business, ecological organizations and public at national and local levels. Compiled by Dr. Olga Krever Editors: Dr. Victoria Elias, Dr. Alexey Kokorin Translated by: Vadim Vinichenko Design and Production: Alexander Filippov Photo on the cover: © Wim van Passel / WWF-Canon Circulation: 200 November 2009, WWF-Russia, Moscow, Russia Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention WWF. Use of photographs from this publication is prohibited without written permission of WWF-Russia. © text 2009 WWF-Russia. All rights reserved. For free distribution Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I. Observed climate changes 7 1. Surface air temperature 7 2. Precipitation 8 3. Snow cover 8 4. Permafrost 8 5. Sea ice in the Arctic basin 9 Chapter II. Projected climate changes 10 1. Climate models 10 2. Surface air temperature 12 3. Snow cover 12 4. Permafrost 12 5. -
Protected Areas in Svalbard – Securing Internationally Valuable Cultural and Natural Heritage Contents Preface
Protected areas in Svalbard – securing internationally valuable cultural and natural heritage Contents Preface ........................................................................ 1 – Moffen Nature Reserve ......................................... 13 From no-man’s-land to a treaty and the Svalbard – Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ...................... 14 Environmental Protection Act .................................. 4 – Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ......................... 16 The history of nature and cultural heritage – Forlandet National Park .........................................18 protection in Svalbard ................................................ 5 – Indre Wijdefjorden National Park ......................... 20 The purpose of the protected areas .......................... 6 – Nordenskiöld Land National Park ........................ 22 Protection values ........................................................ 7 – Nordre Isfjorden National Park ............................ 24 Nature protection areas in Svalbard ........................10 – Nordvest-Spitsbergen National Park ................... 26 – Bird sanctuaries ..................................................... 11 – Sassen-Bünsow Land National Park .................... 28 – Bjørnøya Nature Reserve ...................................... 12 – Sør-Spitsbergen National Park ..............................30 – Ossian Sars Nature Reserve ................................. 12 Svalbard in a global context ..................................... 32 – Hopen Nature Reserve