See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256748573 Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada Article · June 2010 CITATIONS READS 22 447 14 authors, including: Jan Klimaszewski David Langor Natural Resources Canada Natural Resources Canada 669 PUBLICATIONS 2,164 CITATIONS 292 PUBLICATIONS 3,789 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher George Majka Patrice Bouchard Nova Scotia Museum Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 150 PUBLICATIONS 1,294 CITATIONS 231 PUBLICATIONS 1,554 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Integrative taxonomy, systematics and evolution of darkling beetles View project Aleocharine beetles of British Columbia, Canada View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jan Klimaszewski on 06 October 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada by Jan Klimaszewski, David Langor, Christopher G. Majka, Patrice Bouchard, Yves Bousquet, Laurent LeSage, Aleš Smetana, Patricia Sylvestre, Georges Pelletier, Anthony Davies, Pierre DesRochers, Henri Goulet, Reginald Webster & Jon Sweeney Sofia–Moscow 2010 Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada by Jan Klimaszewski 1, David Langor 2, Christopher G. Majka 4, Patrice Bouchard 5, Yves Bousquet 5, Laurent LeSage 5, Aleš Smetana 5, Patricia Sylvestre 1, Georges Pelletier 1, Anthony Davies 5, Pierre DesRochers 1, Henri Goulet 5, Reginald Webster 3 & Jon Sweeney 3 1) Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 2) Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 3) Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7 4) Natural History Resources, 6252 Jubilee Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H 2G5 5) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 First published 2010 ISBN 978-954-642-552-2 (hardback) Pensoft Publishers Geo Milev Str. 13a, Sofi a 1111, Bulgaria Fax: +359-2-870-42-82 [email protected] www.pensoft.net Printed in Bulgaria, April 2010 This book is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of research conducted at the Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Contents Introduction 9 Material and methods 15 Results 17 Checklist of taxa with adventive species in eastern Canada (in taxonomic order) 21 Key to families of Coleoptera with adventive species recorded from eastern Canada 25 Review of families, adventive species and literature 37 Acknowledgements 192 References 193 Index of families, genera and species listed in the text 229 Plates 241 Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada 9 Introduction For as long as entomologists have turned their attention to Coleoptera in eastern Can- ada, the subject of adventive species has been a topic of considerable interest. In the fi rst paper about Coleoptera from eastern Canada, Kirby (1837) listed eleven adven- tive species including Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), Philonthus politus (Linnaeus), Philonthus ventralis (Gravenhorst), Attagenus pellio Linnaeus, Dermestes lardarius Lin- naeus, Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus), Omosita discoidea (Fabricius), Nitidula rufi pes (Linnaeus), Microbregma emarginatum (Duftschmid), Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus), and Necrobia violacea (Linnaeus). Th is was an indication that a signifi cant number of ad- ventive species had already established themselves in the region. Early reports of adven- tive beetles in Nova Scotia include nine Palaearctic species (Jones 1870), four weevil species (Harrington 1891), and eight additional species (Evans 1899). Recent archaeo-entomological work now makes it clear that a substantial number of adventive species were established on the continent much earlier that we had previ- ously known. In Newfoundland and Labrador, Prévost and Bain (2007) found remains of adventive species such as Quedius mesomelinus (Marsham), Cercyon analis (Paykull), Ptinus fur (Linnaeus), Tipnus unicolor (Piller and Mitterpacher), Oryzaephilus surina- mensis (Linnaeus), Mycetaea subterranea (Fabricius), Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus), La- tridius minutus (Linnaeus), and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus) in archeological excava- tions of latrines that dated from ca. 1620. In Québec, Bain (1999) found 61 species of adventive beetles in excavations of la- trines dating from ca. 1850, a strong indication of the scale of the synanthropic beetle fauna that had already established itself in this region over 150 years ago. In similar excavations in Boston, Massachusetts dating from the 17th century, Bain (1998) found 25 adventive species of Coleoptera, all of which are also established in eastern Canada. Although insect collections from the 17th century that could document importa- tions are lacking, Majka and LeSage (2007) pointed out that sites such as Annapolis Royal in Nova Scotia have been more or less continuously inhabited by European set- tlers since 1605, and were the hub of a considerable trans-Atlantic commercial trade. Th ey further pointed out that in contemporary collections of Coleoptera from An- napolis Royal, the proportion of adventive species collected there is exactly double that of the provincial average, an indirect indication that the area may have had a long history of importation and establishment of adventive species. 10 Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada Many writers have contributed to our understanding of adventive species in North America; however, two deserve particular mention. In a series of papers, the Cana- dian entomologist, William J. Brown (1940a, 1950, 1967), documented the presence, distribution, and early timelines of over 110 species of Coleoptera in Canada, most of them from eastern provinces. Th is substantial undertaking helped to delineate the composition and the scale of this adventive fauna. Brown (1940a, 1950) also helped to develop the theory that the transport of dry ballast (bulky rock, sand, and soil) in trans-Atlantic shipping was responsible for many such introductions. Brown (1950) noted that large quantities of dry ballast were unloaded at ports in the Maritime Prov- inces by British vessels in search of lumber, commencing with the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). Such practices persisted in varying degrees until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Th e great Swedish zoogeographer and coleopterist, Carl Lindroth (1954, 1955, 1957, 1963), continued to develop these ideas, in part as a result of the extensive fi eld- work that he conducted in Atlantic Canada on the region’s carabid fauna. Lindroth (1957) conducted vegetational and faunal surveys at sites in Great Britain known to have been sources of dry ballast in the trans-Atlantic shipping trade, and found many species that had been introduced into North America. Th e ideas developed by these two pioneering coleopterists, with their strong interests in trans-Atlantic zoogeogra- phy, remain a pillar on which subsequent research has been based. In Atlantic Canada, investigators such as Hoebeke and Wheeler (1996a, 1996b, 2000, 2003), Wheeler and Hoebeke (1994), Johnson (1990b), Bousquet (1992), many papers by C.G. Majka and J. Klimaszewski and their colleagues cited in the references, and a considerable number of other studies, have reported many additional adventive species in many families of Coleoptera. Recent fi eldwork and examination of hitherto unidentifi ed specimens in collections have focused attention on several unreported adventive species in the region and have suggested that many species have a wider distribution than previously documented. In the research that has been conducted to date, it is clear that there are a number of mechanisms that are responsible for the introduction of adventive species: 1. Dry ballast. As documented by the studies of Lindroth and Brown, dry ballast consisted of rocks, soil, rubble, and associated material from a number of quarries in southwestern England, which was placed in the holds of ships to give them stability as they crossed the Atlantic from east to west in pursuit of the lumber and fi sh trade. The quantities of ballast were so sizeable that British naval authorities forbade the captains of vessels from simply dumping this material overboard in harbours, and so it was unloaded on land. Since no quarantine measures existed in those times, all associated plants and animals living in this material were simultaneously unloaded. It is clear that this mechanism was a pathway for the introduction of many adventive species of fl ora and fauna, including substantial numbers of Coleoptera, especially ground and rove beetles. Review of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from eastern Canada 11 2. Agricultural and horticultural importations. Th ere is a long history of im- portation of agricultural and horticultural plants into North America. Majka and Kli- maszewski (2004) suggested that species such as Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus) and Meligethes