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Water for Our Island Community

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Water for Our Island Community WWaatteerr ffoorr oouurr iissllaanndd ccoommmmuunniittyy MountMount Gardner Tunstall Gardner (727 metres) Bay Josephine Lake Grafton Lake Honeymoon Killarney Lake Lake Seymour Bay Eagle Cliff Snug reservoir Cove Aerial map image of Bowen Island, viewed looking to southwest, created by draping a mosaic of aerial photographs over a digital elevation model. Image created by Ryan Grant. Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 88, 2005 By: Bob Turner, Richard Franklin, Murray Journeay, David Hocking, Anne Franc de Ferriere, Andre Chollat, Julian Dunster, Alan Whitehead, and D. G. Blair-Whitehead. Advisory Committee: Stacey Beamer, D. G. Blair-Whitehead, Ross Carter, Andre Chollat, Julian Dunster, Anne Franc de Ferriere, Bill Hamilton, Ian Henley, Dave Hocking, Will Husby, Murray Journeay, Denison Mears, John Reid, Mallory Smith, Ian Thomson, Bob Turner, Dick Underhill, Alan Whitehead, Dave Wrinch, Dave Yeager. Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada BOWEN ISLAND c Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2005 Hi, I'm Raindrop. Come with me and explore the story of water on Bowen Island. BOWEN ISLAND We are a small island surrounded by salty ocean water, and so there are limits to our freshwater supply. Yet all life - people, other animals and plants - rely utterly on a continued supply. So we need to answer important questions: Do we have enough water? Are we using it wisely? Are we protecting our drinking water supplies? Are we leaving Bowen enough for nature? Island Vancouver Pacific Victoria Ocean MountMount Gardner Tunstall Gardner (727 metres) Bay Seattle Josephine Lake Grafton Lake Honeymoon Killarney Lake Lake Seymour Bay Eagle Cliff Snug reservoir Cove 1 Watershed c by Pauline Le Bel 2002 Water Restless Water shed singing the shore pebbles since the beginning; dancing the moon silver beads of life how we long to contain you. falling from the sky. In our carelessness we alter your flow Living water we squander shed we poison for the love of your gift. greening things. Living Water Clutching our hands cleansing we watch you slip away nourishing drop by drop. healing. We forget to bow our heads. Sacred Water Mother of all life forms when will we gaze upon yet formless the still mirror of your face yielding and remember to serpentine river bed; our watery beginnings blessing fingers the amniotic cradle dipped in still ponds; of our Mothers? accepting the scoop When will we feel of a child’s rubber pail. the oceans flowing through our veins, taste our salty tears? Powerful Water When will every water-loving changing everything cell in our body in your path cry out: wearing smooth what we do to you the hardest stone we do to ourselves? in your urgency to return to the sea Oh, Troubled Water in this neverending prayer one shining morning of renewal. we will gather we will stand Island Waters ready and willing precious to protect you vulnerable to honour you. children of the salty womb we call you Grafton Honeymoon Josephine home of the red swimmer. 2 Water in our lives: how we use it drinking and cooking 4% Water - essential to life laundry garden and dishes watering Imagine life without water. Impossible! 16% People, animals, plants - we all need Where does all that 20% water to survive. water go? We flush a third of the bathing and water we use down the cleaning toilet. In the summer, 28% watering our gardens can cause household use to jump 30%. toilet flushing 32% r e n r u T . B Hidden water use Water is used to produce the food we eat and the products we use. ? For example, leaking manufacturing a toilet car uses hundreds of thousands of ? litres of water. leaks dripping tap water supply leaks to septic field 3 Necessity - the mother of conservation. By international standards, 600 Canadians waste a lot of water. ) s e Cheap and seemingly unlimited r t i l includes school supplies discourage conservation. ( 500 How we n and commercial use But water districts on Bowen that o s suffer summer water shortages have r measure e p become very efficient water users. r 400 e up! How did they do it? p e s u 300 r e t a w y 200 l i a d Bowen IIslland e g 100 a 2001 r e v A 0 r l f r y y y e t a A n e a f e v c K c e i a a a i d S e y l t u r U a a B B B t a d n r n C o U l c s n e a s e w l n e i a r I e e n D w F K l a e v a C g u V S l s w o a a r nt o C nl E B e o u t i B a g T e r e R G Raindrop says: Use water wisely. User pay! Summer water use in Eagle Cliff dropped 70% when household meters were installed. When we have to pay for what we use, we tend to use less. Meters also identify leaks in the pipe system. reservoir many full service Crisis! built houses built summer '95 600 water My! How our reservoir runs dry twice metres water use installed in all has changed. homes 400 more 4 3 67 8 P ROG RAM MES gardens well serves leaks Average daily some cottages detected water use ts Bluff Creek en per person id increased "water war" increased es (litres) r conservation appliances d 200 first n u permanent ro outhouses r- residents ea y g n si ea cr Eagle Cliff water in 60 from creek Water Use first summer cottages only ? cottages 40 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Eagle Cliff water use through the years 4 Where does our water come from? The Myth of Mainland Water Supply North Shore Mountains Sunshine Bowen Island Coast g r o u n d w a te r gro flow undwater flow My water comes from Mt. Baker! Though some islanders guess that their springs or wells flow from Mt. Baker or the North Shore, there is no scientific evidence for such claims. All indications point to island rainfall as the source of Bowen's fresh water supply. Bowen Island wat er ta ble Howe Sound zone of fresh ground water fractured rock salty ground water Island groundwater systems Ocean islands such as Bowen Island are surrounded by salt water. This is also true underground. A limited zone of fresh groundwater underlies the island. This freshwater zone is fed by rainfall to the island, and is surrounded by salty groundwater that underlies the ocean. 5 Raindrop says: All our water comes from rain that falls on the island. It all falls from the sky Rainfall feeds Bowen's entire fresh water supply. Moisture from the Pacific is blown evaporation eastwards and falls as rain. Rainwater flows storms into streams to be carried quickly to the sea (perhaps with a pause in wetlands or Pacific Ocean lakes) or sinks into the ground to join Vancouver the slow moving groundwater system. Island Shallow groundwater returns to the surface as springs, adding flow to streams. The island's fresh Strait of groundwater is entirely Georgia surrounded by salty s m groundwater that a Bowen Island e underlies the str seafloor. s t r evapo- s e stream a m transpiration lake s s fresh p r i groundwaterr n Howe g Howe s system s Sound g Sound in r p s salty groundwater ? Mystery stream supply Some streams on Bowen flow year round, even through the summer dry season. When it hasn't rained for weeks, where can the water be coming from? 6 Water shortages? But this is a rainforest! Are more droughts coming ? Scientists predict that in the future southwestern British Columbia will receive more winter rainfall, The problem: but longer and hotter summer dry seasons. How our summer dry season will this effect the supply of water on Bowen Island? er How can we have water d m e shortages when we get so much m m u a rain?. Because so much of our s n 300 k d 1.5 to 1.8 metres of annual a e rainfall comes during the winter p and runs quickly to the sea. The summer 300 land can't store enough of our 200 dry winter rains, so water shortages season occur during the summer dry 200 100 season. Hood Po Av int erage Weathe m r onthly Station rainfall 10 (1992 (mi 0 -1998) llimeters) Jan. F eb. Ma r. Apr. May Ju Cow n. Jul. an Point Aug. S Weat ep. Oc her Stati t. Nov. (199 on Dec. 2-1998) to atmosphere rain and snow on evaporation island to atmosphere reservoir wetlands Howe surface evapotranspiration Sound storage by island vegetation deep surface infiltration water garden withdrawal watering ocean outfall disposal wells Doing the math: septic not much storage field disposal underground Most rainwater returns to the storage in deep groundwater atmosphere through plants and system evaporation. Much of the rest is carried quickly to the sea by streams. Some stream water is stored for days Limited re-supply! to months in wetlands, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs. A small amount infiltrates the ground, Based on research in the San evades capture by plant roots, and can be stored Juan Islands, it is estimated that for months to centuries in the slow-moving only a small percent of our groundwater system.
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