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Special Libraries, 1939 Special Libraries, 1930s

2-1-1939

Special Libraries, February 1939

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Professional Workers and Unionism ...... Ordway Tead The Unionization of the Professions As One Librarian Sees It Clarence E. Sherman Unionization for Special Librarians ...William P. Tucker The Need for a "United Front" . Florence Fuller Important Books of theyear (To Be Continued) ...... Cynlhiu Grifin; Sarah Bradley Prdn; Katharine D. Frankensta'n; Peter Morgan. Institutional Members ...... Baltimore Conference ...... Maria C. Brace Making Up the Magazine ...... Marian C. Manley 11. The Technical Process Letters to the Editor ...... A New Tool - Alan Dudley; S.L.A. Proceedings Stimulating to Readers - Edwin T. Cornan, Jr.; A Word to the Wise - Florence Fuller; An Interesting Project - Elizabeth C. Madden; What Is a Better Solution? - Chloe Morse; Prison Libraries - John Kidman; An Opportunity - Ellen Commons. News Notes ...... Publications of Special Interest ......

Indexed in Industrial Atis Index and Public Affairs Information Service FEBRUARY 1939

VOLUME 30 NUMBER 9 SPECIAL LIBRARIES MARIANC. MANLEY,Editor Vol. 30, No. 2 February, 1939

Professional Workers and Unionism By Ordway Tead Editor of Econoniic Books, I-larper & Brothcrs

ROFESSIONAL pride in creative sense that collective group dealing is a Ptasks, in the esteem of colleagues and rightful part of every individual's civil in congenial conditions and associations rights in his industrial employment, of the daily job, - these have histori- problems as to what unit of organization cally tended to blind professional work- and of how it should function in joint ers to their modest salary status and their relations, come to the front with new general economic insecurity. As far as Force. hourly rates of pay are concerned, many The reality of the need for such organ- a plumber's pay envelope may by com- ization has no longer to be extensively parison dwarf that of a trained librarian, proved. The arguments for the benefits of who is a college graduate with a diploma group as against individual dealings with from a post-graduate library school. employers by workers with common in- Computed in terms of annual salary and terests have already been demonstrated in relation to security of position, this as valid from the employers' no less than comparison may or may not be more from the workers' point of view. Claims favorable to the professional worker. of self-respect, of effective and sustained But that on the whole there has been voicing of genuine concern for fair terms, relative underpayment and insecurity of treatment which does not discriminate here, would hardly be denied by a dis- in favor of highly organized manual passionate observer. workers, of the profess~onalintegrity of In this respect, trained librarians fall callings which usually require an expen- into a twilight category where conditions sive prior training - these all arise to as to status, compensation and joint establish in the library worker's mind conference have all been less than satis- the value of having and using some for- factory to the salaried worker. Statisti- mal and recognized agency of conference cians, research workers, those with some with the corporate employer. special personnel skill or other specialized From the employer's point of view, it talent utilized by the staff departments is valuable to have the assurance that of a corporation, - all fall into this class there are no forgotten groups in the which faces the predicament of profes- organization where ill-will may be se- sional ranking, yet without explicit cretly festering, no groups without ready organized affiliations when matters of cl~annelsof communication, no groups terms and conditions of work are up for feeling that their problems are being ig- determination. nored. The more it becomes a matter of With the new legal guarantee (Na- course that employees can and do organ- tional Labor Relations Act) and popular ize, the more important to the employer SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 does it become that the professional That there is need for such a union, with workers do not etand outside the organ- a wide and flexible charter as to the ized methods provided for the orderly skills to be recognized as qualifying for handling of adjustments. membership, seems to me clear. As If some organization is necessary here, reswcts matters of standards of com- the next question is: what organization? petence, prior training, titles and the like, If it were already a matter of accepted such a union could and should draw policy that existing professional associ- heavily on existing professional associa- ations should function as bargaining tion findings. But such a body should - 'agencies, they might serve this purpose. because it will have to - be animated But if, for example, the one or two li- by a more aggressive temper and be brarians in a corporation were to try to manned by officials trained in negotia- interest their present librarians' associa- tive skill, while at the same time they tion in representing their interests before are conservers of professional status. the employer, you would have and would That this is not an impossible ambition, be extending the difficulty which arises the experience of unions among school with corporate dealings with restricted teachers, social workers and public craft unions. The same difficulty pre- servants indicates. It is no longer injra sents itself to a company nurse or dig, to acknowledge that white-collared dietitian. workers need unions and that they lose It means for the employer one more no professional caste when they join small craft union to come to terms with. them. It means for the library or nurses' asso- A problem which will seem to many to ciation a host of separate dealings to be looi large as an issue, is as to the had with scores of employers. And it affiliation which such a union should or would mean policy and administrative should not have with one or another of changes in the association which would the major labor federations, notably the no doubt be slow in arriving. A. F. of L. or the C. I. 0.Here we face My own view is that there is a distinct what is, hopefully, a transitional prob- and vital place - at least for the imme- lem - namely, the phenomenon of two diate future - for the professional asso- national groups fighting for supremacy ciation as solely a body concerned with and in many msfor jurisdiction over technical professional problems. Let it the affairs of the same occupation. The fulfill its present r8le of enhancing pro- outsider's opinion on this issue is sub- fessional pride, standards and skills. ordinate to the fact as to which union There is a real job to do here; and the gets on the ground first. whole temper and method of these bodies There are certain underlying differ- would require drastic alteration to en- ences of policy and outlook as between able them to add a negotiative function the leaders of the A. F. of L. and the to their present educational one. C. I. 0.But that these have a direct or I am not familiar enough with the new important bearing upon any decision union groupings among white-collared which professional workers may be occupations to know if there is now avail- called upon to make between the two, I able a worker group which cuts across am not convinced. On what have come the lines of these special skills and invites to be called "ideological" grounds, I into membership a variety of profes- doubt if the practical difference will be sional and semi-professional workers from great, whichever choice is made. I would different companies on a national scale. rather be sure that the personal leader- February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 37 shi~of the union which makes overtures whether one likes it or not, it is true that to the librarians is responsible, sensible the Labor Relations Act by its statement and forward-looking. I would rather be of fair labor practices does tend to reduce sure that the union policy is one which corporate resistance and hasten the time appreciates and cherishes the worth of when the reconciling of divergent inter- the profession and its effective function- ests can be worked out more quickly and ing, no less than being insistent in its with an outcome that is not a prolonga- claims, for example, for another five dol- tion of bickering but is an agreement to lars a week in salarv. agree. Again, a question may arise as to the Employment relations - let the ern- extent to which the professional worker ployer be large or small, public or pri- groups, though organized separately vate -are now widely acknowledged to from manual worker groups as they no be matters of concern on a basis and doubt should be, ought to collaborate or with procedures broader than Solely in- federate in action with other more in- dividual dealing or bargaining. If there clusive unions, like office workers' unions is to be any dignity, personal freedom or an industrial union covering in vir- and group responsibility in this area, the tually all manual employees of a com- growing idea of a cotrstitutionul frame of pany. reference has to be and is being accepted. It may go against the conventional And such a constitutional frame properly attitudes of the professional workers, but comprehends in industry, as in govern- I see no escape from the logic and the ment, considerations which are legisla- tactical wisdom of going along with such tive - the operative agreement; execu- federated action - either in going into tive - the ways of working it; and one comprehensive agreement, or in judicial - the ways of interpreting4t. dating agreements to expire simultane- This is what collective bargaining at ously with other agreements for other bottom is. It is the shaping of a constitu- classes of employees. a tional basis for dealings and consent as The fact is, of course, that once all between those who manage and those concerned have agreed that collective who are managed. It is sheer accident dealing is basic to efficient operation, that it has thus far tended to be confined that it is taken for granted as the con- in its use to those possessed of the man- tinuing mode of common communication ual skills. The time is coming rapidly and negotiation on all relations between when the validity of this orderly ap- company and workers, the simpler the proach will be accepted without question machinery and the resulting memoran- by professional workers. Librarians need dum of agreement can be, the better. wait no longer. They need not worry And to have the discussion and emo- about their professional amour propre. tional strain of negotiation take place at They need not, on the other hand, get two or even three-year intervals all at rhetorical about employer iniquities or once, is a desirable gain. exploitation. The quicker the whole fight psychol- They need rather to see the construc- ogy and the actual attitudes which have tive, affirmative r6le to be played by the historically created it, can be minimized agency which clarifies the basis for their and subordinated on both sides to atti- contractual relation to corporate or com- tudes of cooperative collaboration under munity service. That agency today is the terms mutually agreed to be fair, the union. Its function is integral. Its r61e is better will be the results for all. And, dignified. Its contribution to improved 38 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 status, fair conditions and democratic workers making their claims for them. relationships can be substantial. It is their own job to do themselves. But all this does involve the assump- Here is, in the last analysis, the oppor- tion of responsibility. The professional tunity for librarians to be citizens of their workers cannot delegate their spokes- world as practicing democrats no less than manship to plumbers or have garment as practical custodians of books! The Unionization of the Professions As One Librarian Sees It By Clarence E. Sherman, Librarian Providence Public Library

T SEEMS ages ago that we were de- Moreover, Administrator Harry L. I bating in our schools and colleges, as Hopkins notified the sponsors of WPA an academic unsettled economic question, projects last summer that there must be the right of workers to organize for collec- no interference with the rights of WPA tive bargaining. And now, 'way up on workers to organize for collective bar- memory's top shelf this discarded prob- gaining. It thus appears from this official lem rests alongside cobwebby equal order that even workers engaged in suffrage. The opposition to both issue's artificial make-work tasks, proposed and was finally swept aside by what we call financed only in order that unemployed social progress. men and women might be employed, that Today, ditch digger or shovel maker, even these workers should have the right scene shifter or dramatic critic, broad- to define their working conditions and to casting studio janitor or radio comedian, bargain collectively for their own inter- labor crude or craft skilled, it matters ests. That the portion of the citizenry not, - all are organized or may organize still gainfully employed and still trying if they choose to do so. No longer is this to pay the taxes necessary to meet WPA generally regarded as a radical move- pay rolls might be seriously concerned ment, dangerous to the security of an did not seem to matter especially to othenvise orderly society. The right to Mr. Hopkins. leave one's job and still possess it through Verily, unionism as a way of life is the instrument known as the strike, the thoroughly established and intrenched right to prevent others from working in today. the plant during the strike period, the Now then, if these rights are necessary right to influence other workers in other to and deserved by laborers,' the trades industries to join in a strike of sympathy, and the crafts, and they seem to be, why -all this today is not only within the are not included public service personnel, law but the law penalizes those who may -the police, firemen, city hall clerks, attempt to interferewith it. Without these garbage collectors, and the rest? As a weapons, workers have been considered matter of fact, in some places they are. helpless, at the mercy of the employers. It must be added, however, that Mr. Even the right to take possession of a John Q. Public seems not to be quitesure ' plant or a store by a sit-down strike has that his public servants are within their not been declared illegal so far as the law rights in organizing for collective bar- of our land is concerned. gaining, more particularly with the right February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 39 to strike, if necessary. Whether or not said to exist here and there. We know Calvin Coolidge broke the famous Boston that teachers' organizations protest as a police strike in 1919 (or is it merely folk- group against salary cuts and other mat- lore?), the policemen of America have ters. But strikes by school teachers are a well-developed respect for the moral not yet one of America's social problems. taught by that historic event. The right Likewise physicians and nurses in our to force demands upon the citizenry by hospitals and public health service may its own servants whom the people them- have organized for collective bargaining, selves have established and maintained but if so, we hear little about aggressive to serve the community is not yet ac- tactics in their own behalf. cepted by many who are otherwise in- Why not? Partly becauseof their ideals clined to sympathize with workers in any of service which motivate them as a productive industry. profession. But also because sober think- Several months ago, the garbage collec- ing serves to remind them all that they tors and incinerator operators of a large have a reasonable security of employ- eastern municipality organized a union ment, relatively good working conditions, and opened negotiations for shorter salary rates that are better than average hours and higher pay rates, which were and in many cases pension provisions. denied. A strike followed. When the Furthermore, public opinion would rise conditions under which the men had to defeat them if a strike closed a hospital been working were revealed, although or a public school, and if this happened, deploring the strike, the general public as professions, they would drop back a and even the conservative local newspa- half dozen decades in the esteem and the pers supported the workers in their de- level of reward that they have been mands. A few days later, the dispute was developing by dependable service through settled, hours and rates were adjusted the years. and the incident was evidently closed. Librarians, as a profession and particu- But not for long. Presently, under larly those engaged in public library unwise leadership, success-intoxicated, service, must be included in this consider- another garbage embargo was declared, ation. As vocations and professions go, - the "G Men" went out on a sympa- the financial rewards to librarians are not thetic strike. high. But in general they possess several Public opinion promptly asserted itself compensations that industrial labor has but in a different direction. People and to strike to get, - satisfactory working press demanded no surrender at City environment, annual vacations and rea- Hall, the garbage workers were quickly sonable hours, sick leave, regular pay, defeated and crawled back to their jobs, opportunity for promotion, and a de- glad to get them. The citizens insisted veloping degree of security of position. that their rights for public service by Moreover, the movement toward retire- public servants be respected and they ment pensions is growing. Compared with were. most of our fellow citizens, librarians are We occasionally read in the papers to be congratulated. Indeed, in today's news stories, often highly colored, about job-scarce age, they are often envied. public school students striking in revolt To consider this matter more directly, against conditions to which they object. the professions are not justified in draw- Sometimes we hear that the school ing a parallel between their rights and teachers of some town or city are con- aspirations and those of industrial and sidering organizing a union. They are commercial labor, or with trades and SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 crafts. Many of these workers are is now attempting to organize public fastened to a single, specialized industry librarians, only two or three consider the in which they perform a single specialized reading public, - the ultimate consumer operation. After a dozen years, they are for whom the public library exists. The vocationally tied to the industry and the emphasis is, as should be expected in all task. To be sure, theoretically, they may unionism, in favor of the worker. be free to sell their labor in the best The rights of the consumer in our market, but actually they are not able civilization have been severely disre- to do so. Such workers very naturally garded, but there are indications of a ,seek protection from the control of the turn in the tide. Anyone who has lived employer through recourse to unioniza- through the years of this century, wit- tion. It is their only source of help. nessing an era of selfish industrial man- Not so the teacher, the lawyer, the agement followed by a decade of equally physician, the social worker, the libra- self-centered unionization, realizes that rian, or the members of any profession. the ultimate consumer is the forgotten They may migrate foot-loose and fancy- man of our time, stretched out between free, seeking calls in other pastures, two continually revolving mill wheels, accepting or rejecting them. Their in- grinding incessantly and with no more struments are not the machines and the conscience than mill wheels possess. But tools of factory or shop. Theirs are the consumer is beginning to understand trained intellects, developed skills, ex- that to be saved he must save himself. perienced judgments, - portable, and And it will be well for librarians and transcending space and boundaries. other public servants in quest of better Have these professional workers a conditions as to salary rates, hours and legitimate claim for the protection that kindred matters to use moderate rather unionism brings to the laborer or me- than rough measures lest they arouse too chanic? Does the teacher or the librarian sharply a slowly awakening, tax weary, deserve the fairly balanced set of working slightly irritable and powerful consuming conditions which they now have plus the public. reinforcement of their rights to better As to public librarians in particular, in these levels through the power of collec- the more enlightened libraries, they are tive bargaining, backed up by the veiled neither helplessly at the mercy of the but always possible recourse to the trustees and the chief librarian nor are strike? If I were answering those ques- they inarticulate. With regular meetings tions, I would let go a robust "No"! of the staff and department head con- A labor union is selfish. It cannot be ferences for policy-forming and condi- otherwise because it is established for the tions-considering in a temperate con- sole purpose of promoting the interests of structive way, any matters associated the workers. They are not concerned with with the welfare of the library and its the problems of the employer or the per- librarians may receive the attention they son who buys the product. A union deserve. Staff associations professionally- applied to a library, especially a public minded are free (or should be) to'discuss library, just doesn't make sense. Public with the chief librarian through their libraries were established and are main- representatives any matters that are tained not primarily to provide work for troubling them. A union of librarians librarians, but to render service to a under these conditions, a union for col- community of readers. And yet among lective bargaining, supplemented by the the ten points upon which one labor union possibility of force through strike, is out February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 41

of order in a public serving institution. tags in the marketplace. In considering Any board of trustees or any chief the possible application of unionization librarian should provide without hesita- to librarianship, are there better words tion the machinery described above to than these taken from the preamble of smooth out the snarls in personal rela- the Code of Ethics for Librarians recently tions. Surely, the librarians, acting with approved by the Council of the American a constructive professional spirit, should Library Association : receive some of the privileges that "The library as an institution eristc for the laborers and mechanics have had to take be& of a given conrliluency, whether it be the citizens a community, members of an eduw- , by force from their employers. of A cynic once remarked that the pro- tional institution or some larger or more special- fessions are the white man's burden. If ized group." librarians as a class should decide that, It is difficult to square with that in order to be supported in the manner to admirable statement of obiectives a which they would like to become accus- proposal to inject an influence which by tomed, they require the privileges and its very conception, its infancy and its the prerogatives, the compensations and maturity has been and will continue to the mmforts of wage earners in competi- be essentially self-centered, seeking as its tive industry as well as those of a salary chief objective the preservation and the earning profession, then that sharp- progress of the individual worker, leaving tongued critic will have unwittingly to their own fates the interests of the evolved from a cynic to the place of a industry itself or the consumer it hopes wise philosopher. to serve. A union in the public library, a In the application of unionization to social force established not for ~rofitbut industry, the effects of collective bargain- solely for free public service, is ill-con- ing are always the same. Sometimes the sidered and illogical, and if introduced in employer takes a reduced profit but in an institution still struggling for ade- the final analysis, the consumer generally quate recognition and standing, might absorbs any Increased costs, which will result in a very unpleasant adventure in be found under the surface of the price hara-kiri.

Unionization for Special Librarians

Unionization in General By William P. Tucker, State Librarian State of Washington

NIONS are organizations of work- sickness, unemployment, strikes, and u men formed primarily for the pro- death; under certain circumstances de- tection and promotion of their mutual claring strikes and boycotts to enforce interests. Union functions include: regu- their demands; securing legislation in the lation of wages, hours, and working con- interests of workmen; providing for ap- ditions by means of collective bargaining; prenticeship; and setting standards for setting standards of output; provision of entrance into and remaining in a trade. such benev~lentfeatures as insurance for Too often this last, and very real, func- 5 42 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 tion of trade unions is overlooked by leadership at both the local and national commentators. levels." The movement for unionization in its early days in all countries met with or- ganized and systematic opposition, that often included violent illegal and extra- Until recently the prevalent concep- legal repressive measures: similarly, Soc- tion was that union organization was rates, Copernicus, Galileo, Darwin, Pas- something entirely foreign to the inter- teur, Freud - nearly all great pioneers ests, needs, and desires of professional of progress - were widely reviled and and white-collar workers. Reasons ad- abused during their lifetime. Violent duced against it were: opposition to unionism by employers has It is ungenteel and beneath the dignity been the rule in the United States, the of professionals - and especially li- only remaining democratic country in brarians - to ally themselves with which such pressure is still extensively any particular group for any purpose used to dissuade workmen from organiz- whatsoever; ing for the advancement of their interests It is unfair and untrue to the traditions and the interests of their occupation. of impartial public service for pro- Only since 1933 has the law recognized fessionals (public servants) to make and protected the rights of workmen to such alignments; organize and bargain collectively. This It is contrary to the specialized inter- protection, coupled with the effect of ests and ethics of the various pro- the depression years on the living stand- fessional groups to align themselves ards of the majority of the people, has in unions with workers in other caused a recrudescence of unionization lines of endeavor; that has exceeded all past marks for Public servants have no right to coerce numbers of workers enrolled and con- their employers -the public - in crete achievements. any way; Today, leaders of vision in all fields It would be ridiculous for professionals are becoming convinced of the necessity and public servants to strike and for adequate economic organization of picket. all groups of workmen in order to main- tain properly functioning, occupational Rapidly increasing numbers of pro- standards. An example of this newer fessionals and white-collar workers - conception is the stand of Ordway Tead, inside and outside the field of public em- distinguished leader in the field of per- ployment - are refuting these theoreti- sonnel administration. In a recent article cal objections with the knowledge that in The Annals, Tead dwells upon the springs from practical experience: "necessity for unionization." Significantly, The depression years have taught peo- he remarks: "The fact that there are ple that dignified efforts to improve still so many honorable callings without their standards of living are not to benefit of such explicit vocational spokes- be condemned. manship only proves our economic Public servants are coming to realize backwardness: which is one reason why that they are not untrue to the the process of unionization must go on public weal, when they align them- as rapidly as is consonant with building selves with the rest of the labor on solid foundations with a responsible movement to improve their own con- and responsive membership and an able ditions and promote the welfare of February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 43

their occupation. The American making use of the strike ;and second, labor movement is the true repre- the improvement of professioilal sentative of the hopes, aspirations, services and the public service by and interests of the great majority means of promoting the welfare of of our propulation, for it is the lever employees cannot justifiably be con- that has raised the American stand- ceived as being contrary to the pub- ard of living - the pride of the lic interest. Public servants have American people. Professionals are applied considerable, political pres- coming to realize that, far from hold- sure to procure civil service status ing aloof, it is their duty, in the for themselves, but this has seldom progressive tradition, to ally them- been considered undesirable. selves, through cooperation with Contrary to a more or less wide-spread the labor movement, with the public impression, professionals and other pub- whose servants they are. Only by lic servants do not organize against their such cooperative effort can there be employers, the public. They desire to co- the proper advancement of public operate with their supervisors to promote services. the common weal. Professionals that have unionized have One of the strongest reasons for union- found no ethical conflicts or detri- ization of professional groups is the ment to their specialized profes- necessity of protecting and extending sional interests in aligning themselves democracy on all sides. The German with the organized workers in other professional workers, to their sorrow, lines of endeavor. Examples of such now quite generally agree that their re- professional unions are: the Ameri- fusal to leave their ivory towers of " pro- can Federation of Teachers, Ameri- fessional" isolation and affiliate with can Newspaper Guild, Federation of other workers was one element that made Architects, Engineers, Chemists, and possible the advent of Hitler and the Technicians, United Federal Work- destruction of German culture, which ers of America, American Federation the professionals so revered. Their lower of Musicians, Screen Writers Guild, middle class aloofness was their downfall. Actors Guild, League of American This should be an object lesson for Ameri- Writers, and State, County, and can, professional workers, who really wish . Municipal Workers of America. The to preserve and extend democracy. last includes considerable numbers of professional workers from many UNIONIZATIONFOR LIBRARIANS IN different fields. Not only have many of the leading people in the profes- The movement for the unionization of sions joined such unions, but the public and college librarians has made revolt of many leading figures in steady progress within the last two years such fields as the medical profession - with college librarians usually affiliat- indicates that ivory towers may ing with their campus locals of the soon exist only in memory. American Federation of Teachers and Supposed coercion of the public by with public librarians variously organ- unionized professionals and public ized under the A. F. of T., A. F. of L. servants becomes evidently unreal federal unions, and the State, County, when we realize: first, that nearly all and Municipal Workers of America, unions of professionals and public C.I.O. The last named organization servants prohibit their members seems to be making the most satisfactory SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 progress in the public library field, hav- action (wherever possible with the coop- ing chalked up more than one victary eration of the employer) for the improve- for improved salaries and working con- ment of their work and the status of their ditions. Libraries in which unions are profession. now functioning include: University of In one respect, special librarians are at Washington, Washington State Library, an even greater disadvantage in coopera- Butte, Chicago, Milwaukee, Cleveland, tive endeavor than public librarians: and the Library of Congress. their numbers are relatively few and Even the friends of unionization are scattered. In another respect, special often too little aware of the r6le that librarians have the advantage: they have unions have played in educational prog- the valuable opportunity of working ress in the United States. They often with many office workers of diverse, forget that it was the representative of specialized and professional training, in- the great majority of our people - or- terests, and status. This tends to give ganized labor - that was largely instru- them a well-rounded view of the com- mental in establishing our national sys- merical, financial, and industrial organi- tem of free and compulsory education, zations, which are the key factors in in establishing the first system of federal modern life. A more intimate, adequate, aid for education (the Smith-Hughes and well-rounded knowledge of the r81e system), and in the appointment of the of these key factors in modern society President's Advisory Committee on Edu- tends to give the better informed among cation, the report of which embodies the such persons the realization that unioni- first promise of real federal aid for public zation is the form of coiiperative, organ- libraries. ized action, most necessary and desirable for the improvement of their own status and the status of their profession. The advantages of unionization for Less than three years ago there was no librarians as a group also apply to special nationally organized group of profes- librarians. Daily contact with the busi- sional workers in offices, but events in ness and commercial world seems, on the New York and other large cities soon led whole, to have given special librarians to the establishment of such an organiza- the more realistic and progressive out- tion, the United Office and Professional look of the two groups. This is in spite Workers of America - well-organized, of the fact that special librarians are capably led, and possessed of a good pro- fewer in number, which might cause the gram attracting a rapidly increasing uninformed person to conclude that they membership. Its national headquarters have a lesser feeling of group solidarity is located at 112 E. 19th Street, New -a necessary prerequisite for unioniza- York City. (We speak categorically of tion. Working for firms in which increas- the United Office and Professional Work- ing numbers of other workers are union- ers of America because it is the only izing with gratifying results, special national union of its kind, whose program librarians have an excellent opportunity and membership would hold a special to assess the trend at its true worth. In appeal for special librarians.) It is or- this way, they come to see that unioniza- ganzied along the lines of an "industrial" tion is not primarily a negative process of union; that is: the organization embraces organizing againsl the interests of their all office and professional workers in a employers, but rather that it is primarily given area, who wish to join. a process of organizing for cooperative The United Office and Professional February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 45 Workers of America, being an industrial members of their own profession. In this type of union, ordinarily organizes all way the advantages of both types of office and professional workers of a given organization are retained. area into one union. But if librarians so Does this mean that librarians who desire, they probably would be free to join unions for the advancement of their organize a special librarians local, which own interests and those of their profes- would include all special librarians in the sion should cease being active members area. Each method has its merits and in their present professional organiza- demerits. Special librarians would gain tions? Far from it. These organizations , certain benefits from membership in a are doing, and long have done, very effec- local, comprising the people from all tive and necessary work along many departments of the firms for which they lines. Union members should also con- work. On the other hand, they lose a tinue active membership in those asso- certain opportunity for consideration of ciations. I believe that a decade from now their highly specialized problems, which our profession will be highly unionized a group devoted exclusively to speciaI and that, as a result, all aspects of library library problems would afford. service will have a much more secure A third form of organization, which is place among the social services than they a combination of the two, has been pro- have today. There will probably be a posed by some as a desirable alternative. fusing within the next few years of what A similar set-up has worked well for pub- some now regard as separate and distinct lic librarians who are members of the union and professional association phi- State, County, and Municipal Workers losophies, practices, and organizations. of America. Under this plan, all members Only a full consideration of our of the "industrial" union, located in a problems can lead to intelligent ac- given city or metropolitan area, are or- tion. But action must follow considera- ganized in one local, which holds regular tion, if we are not to duplicate much of meetings of its membership and carries the "muddling through" which has on the regular functions of a union. Each characterized the past. Intelligent action specialized craft or occupational group is the crying need of the times. within this local, in turn, has a chapter of Let us not forget that Hitler was able its own. Thus, special librarians in local to purge the libraries and burn the books, X of Blank City could be organized in only after he had smashed the powerful, chapter Y, which is composed entirely of free, democratic trade unions of Germany.

The Need for a " United Front" Notes on Professional Standardr and Salaries By Florence Fuller, Vice Chairman, S.L.A. Committee on Profe~sional Standards

T IS with deep regret that some of us indi- Committees, part of one session at some of our I vidual members of Special Libraries Asso- conventions has been devoted to professional ciation review what to us seem the meager ac- pmbIems, a preliminary salary survey has tivities of our Association for our profession. been made and on a few occasions officialrec- Our journal has carried articles on the subject, ognition has been given to the existence of a our Association has Employment and Training salary problem. It is a just criticism of our 46 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 group to say that we are by and large con- No such chart could be developed in final cerned with our technology, with the problems and perfect form in the first year, but a chart of our jobs, not with our profession. that would serve the purpose can and should be This writer proposes that S.L.A. prepare, drawn up within that period. Within the same and officially recognize a formal chart of pro- period, there should be developed a permanent fessional standards, correlated with minitnum plan for revising the chart, to cover changing salaries, and that by executive order of the library and economic conditions. Association, this chart be printed on the inside To make this idea practical, clear, concrete, front cover of every issue of SPECIALLIBRARIES definite, the writer has drawn up the following and in all other suitable publications. sample chart:

Sample of possible chart to be developed after study

Pontion Huutlon. Personal Quallficatlons Duties In the Library Job I 1 &Iary Hcads of apecial l~brarie; ;.A. from an accredlted college Full reeponmbility for the admlnia- Minimum aalary $5,000 with more thnn five traln l.S, from an accredlted llbrary tratlon of the llbrary, reporting per year ed llbrary asastanta ant school only to the president or head of necessary clcrlcal staff laaters Degreefrom anaccredlted the organization or firm college, and In the field to whlch In charge of the Ubrary budget the library Is devoted, en . In charge of all Ubrary personnel Chemlatry fora chemicallibrary, problems Commerce for a bunlneea Ilbraru. Retponslble for apeual reference Art for an art llbrary omd research work pecial experience in llbrary ad- Reaponnibleforlong time planning mlnlatratlon for the growth of the Ubrary pedal experience In the field to whlch the library is devoted

Heada of apeual llbrarlei 1.A from an accrcdlted college Same dut~caan above, but in a Minimum dary $3.500 with from one to fiva IS. from an accred~tedlibran smaller Ubrary there would be per year tralned library nsslstant~ achool problems of somewhat Icwr and necesary clerlca peual uperlence in hbrary ad magn~tudeIn some parts of the staff nuniatratlon work and plannlng peunl uperience In the field tc which the llbrary Is devoted

Heads of apedal llbrarie I.A. from an accredited college Same dutlea aa above, wlth only Mlnlmum aalary S2.500 with only clerical adst IS. from an accredlted Ubrary derlcal help there would be in- per year antn school or the equlvalent in li- creased reaponslb~lltyfor all re- brary expencnce scarch and reference work and pedal tralnlng or apedal upcrl- very mucb le~need for handllng enee in the field to whlch the per~nnelproblema llbrary is devoted

Tralned llbrary aaslntantr I.A. from an accredited college Dutlca to Include ouch thlnga as Mlnlmum salary $2,000 locluding library achoo IS. from an accredlted library indexing, cataloging, rdference Der year graduatea without expe achool or the equlvalent In 11- ~ucatlona,apeclal searches, clas- rience In library work hrary experience aifiatlon, filing that cannot be peclnl train~ngIn languages, If done by tralned clerical help, abrtractlng and/or tranalatlon contmuationa, and other speclal work la part of the requlrementa work dcpendlng on the nature of of the job the library For library abatractora, persona Mlnlmum ~lary$2,500 wlth apcclal knowledge of lan- wr year wages. trannlatora, etc. Wr library school graduates wlth- $1,800 minlmum out experience

L~braryclerical help Ilgh school graduate Typing $25.03 ~erweek or ~bovethe average typlst Orderlng $1,300 per year hove the average in neatneea and Flung accuracy of clerical work Answering telephones ;peclal aptltude for detail work Record keeplng Mesvn~erservice February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

This chart is an exurnfile of what must be not lower nurses' salaries. From the beginning, developed as soon as a thorough scientific this new S.L.A. program should plan to co- study can be made. MEMBERSor S.L.A. - operate with other trades and professions. We this is your profession - it could be your need a united front to keep wages and salaries chart - If you are interested, send your con- up, and to establish our profession on a basis structive suggestions to Mary P. McLean, that will enable it to keep abreast of whatever Librarian, American Bankers Association, 22 developments the future may hold. East 40th Street, New York, N. Y., the Chair- This would be the conventional place to man of the new S.L.A. Committee on Profes- close this article, but I want to try to explain sional Standards. The work of that committee why the time has come for librarianship to be and the success of the studies it must under- established as a profession. In the first place, take will depend entirely upon the cotiperation articles in our journal show that some of our of individual members of the Association. Miss members are not satisfied with our preoccupa- McLean's committee can furnish the leader- tion with our technology -for example, SPE- ship, direct specific research study, tabulate CIAL LIBRARIES,July-August, 1938, page 198: and publicize the findings, but there will be no ". . . But any such hope was lost in the further results of the work unless the entire clamor of acclaim for the physical scientist. The membership takes an interest in it. speakers themselves, very much like l~brarians,so Let us suppose that the committee has car- busy with their admiration of technical perfec- ried on the necessary studies, that a prelimi- tion, forgot the social responsibilities inhercnt in nary chart has been presented to the Associa- this professional advance. . . . If the collective tion, and perhaps adopted by it. The job will professional mind would only see a little, feel a then be only well started. It will be important little, and Ihd a little beyond mere technical perfection." to win the full codperation of library schools and to do a great deal of educational work with Further, our philosophy about our profes- candidates for our profession. We will want to sion does not seem to grow normally. There is make a new start on a thoroughly cowerative still in evidence among librarians, thc idea program with the American Library Associa- that it is not ladylike to discuss salaries, that tion. It will take unlimited determination to librarians are devoted to their jobs, that arouse our profession to these new aims and to service is the only important aim, and that edu- go one step further and put the new program cational qualifications are the problem of the into practice. The job will not be finished until employer, not of the profession. This philos- our own profession is thoroughly conscious of ophy has no place in a country in economic up- its accomplished task in the library field, and heaval such as ours today. It is a serious handi- will join with other professions and trades to cap indeed, and one of which we must make improve their status in their respective fields. evcry effort to rid ourselves as soon as pos- This is not too ambitious a program for li- sible. It may well be this philosophy that, un- brarians - the leaders in their communities der the stress of the current econon~icsitua- and in their jobs. tion, makes some of us afraid to face our pro- It would have been an easier task to make fessional problems. How else could one explain librarianship a profession fifteen years ago. the statement in a May, 1937 issue of the New Today we are handicapped by some very diffi- York Chapler News to the effect that - " It is cult economic conditions. However, we will well and good for library schools, and possibly now have the benefits of work done In this ourselves, to set minimums, but I doubt field by other professional groups. For ex- whether they will get the minimum which in ample, did you read the letter from Miss most instances is $1,800." Instead of this nega- Towner, on page 260 of the October, 1938 issue tive note, would it not be more in keeping with of SPECIALLIBRARIES, where a comparison is our times to try to devise ways and means to made between the educational qualifications give publicity to the value of librarianship, to for civil service positions for a librarian and show employers that a librarian is just as a public health nurse, and the two salaries of- much a trained specialist as a chemist, an ac- fered? The answer is to raise library salaries, countant, or an engineer. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2

Economic conditions in this country today our fellow organizations solve theirs. Soil should show us the importance of professiopal erosion, unemployment, malnutrition, disease, standards. To limit the scope of the contro- political corruption, curtailment of educa- versy, let's take an honest look around us here tional freedom, are all of interest to us because (of course there is plenty going on in Europe we are part pf it all, and we cannot raise our too) and see what has happened to people side profession very far above the general level. by side with great technical achievements. The When we are faced with this statement, we famous American standard of living applies realize how very important it is to raise the only to the upper 10 per cent of us, the na- general level. tional income in wages and salaries is from 25 If any readers are still with me, they are per cent to 40 per cent below the 1925 level, probably ready to dismiss these ideas as er- and more than eight million registered as ratic. I wish to close this discussion of reasons totally unemployed in the President's census. for professional standards with a challenge - Dust storms and erosion are taking our conti- a chaHenge to you to look honestly at economic nent away from us at a much too rapid rate, problems through our friends, our books. Here both phenomena aided by technical progress are just a few recent books that make an hon- rather than slowed up by it. The editors of est effort to show us conditions as they exist Fortune say that "less than half the homes in today: America meet a minimum standard of health Rich Land, Poor Land, by Stuart Chase and decency." One-quarter of the population Deserts on the March, by Paul B. Sears of New York City is housed in old law tene- Why Keep Them Alive, by Paul De Kruif ments and only the bitterest of political bat- False Security, by Bernard Reis tles has enabled a small start to be made to I Like America, by Granville Hicks change this condition. The library profession America's 60 Families, by Ferdinand Lundberg needs to be interested in economic conditions An easy search will find many more books - first because we need a country in which to about our times - the book lists are yours - work out our professional problems, and help who knows better how to use them? Important Books of the Year A Symposium by Correspondence (Continued)

The librarian of an art museum entries. Outstanding items are (Kuhn, Walt): library writes The Story of Ihe Armory Shm. This small pam- These few notes are written in the hope that phlet is the story of the great 1913 Armory they may prove useful to some fellow librarian. show. Not only does Kuhn give the events I have listed only those which we have in our which led up to the show but a list of the ex- library and, since our budget is limited, you hibitors. It is impossible to estimate the im- will notice many omissions. portance of this show to American art, and In Bibliography two stand out especially Mr. Kuhn's admirable pamphlet should prove (Bolton, Theodore) :AmericanBook nlustrators most useful. Slightly farther afield but equally is indeed a great help to the reference worker. interesting is The Seven Soviet Arts, by Kurt Books On Art, a Foundation List, by E. Louise London, published by the Yale University Lucas, though the closing date for most items Press. Not only are the traditional arts dis- is 1935, has appeared in a new 1938 edition. I cussed, music, literature, theatre, opera, ballet, often wonder how the fine arts librarian man- the beaux arts, applied arts and fashion and aged before this was issued, and certainly the architecture, but also what the author calls the cost ($2.00) will prevent no library from own- contemporary arts: films, radio and gramo- ing a copy. phone. The book is well illustrated and indexed. The field we call Art - General, as its name The history of crafts in New York City just suggests, will by its very nature have many prior to the Revolution has been admirably February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES described in a New York Historical Society Wheeler. After a short biographical sketch, the publication, The Arts and Crafk in New York, balance of the book is given over to a catalog 17261776. Here are included such things as raisonnh, foflowed by illustrations. It is an ex- silver and jewelry, glass, clocks and watches tremely useful work for the student of Ameri- and coach makers. It is excellently indexed, can painting. Often the exhibition catalogs, and the articles and notices are short and to usually secured free, are valuable additions to the point. Maskrs of Popular Painting is a one's library. I am thinking particularly of one catalog issued by the Museum of Modern devoted to John Sloan - Retrospective Exhibi- Art, New York, for an exhibition of modern lion, issued by the Addison Gallery of Ameri- primitives of Europe and America held last can Art, Andover, Mass. For the Solomon R. summer. Excellent biographical sketches of the Guggenheim Collection of Non-Objective Paint- artists form the major part of this book, and ings, exhibited at the Gibbes Memorial Art for these an art librarian is ever grateful. His- Gallery, Charleston, S. C., in April 1938, a third loire & /'Art Conbmporain, by Christian enlarged catalog was issued. Well illustrated Zervos, is largely the story of contemporary and with short biographical sketches of the painting in western Europe. It has excellent artists, it has proved most useful. cuts, and the student who is interested in In the field of late nineteenth-century paint- tracing the development of Fauvism, Cubism, ing is the biography of Toulouse-Lautrec, by Futurism, Dadaism, etc., will find this book Gerstle Mack, the first to be issued in English very useful. of this gifted and often misjudged artist. It is Composers in America . . . 1912-1937, by well illustrated and indexed and is delightful Claire Reis, is a reference work. Here are to be reading. Eliot O'Hara, versatile American found biographies and compositions of the water colorist, has a new book, Wakrcolor composers and where these compositions may Fares Forlk, that has already proved a boon to be secured. the student. In the field of Prints are two items of out- In the field of architecture (in which we pur- standing importance: first is Carl Zigrosser's chase few books) I have selected one caialog, Six Centuries of Fine Prink (it appeared the A New House on Bear Run, Pennsylvania, by very end of 1937). To the print lover it should Frank Lloyd Wright, issued by the Museum of have a great welcome, and it is likewise very Modern Art, New York. Really apicture book, useful to the librarian. Though his illustrations it is an excellent example of the ingenuity of a are small and not as sharp as one would like, great American architect. nevertheless they are clear enough to help in Our museum has an outstanding collection cases of identification and to supplement the of American Indian Arts. In this connection we reading. Second is a really monumental publi- buy, from time to time, Looks dealing with cation, Arthur M. Hind's Early I&lian Bn- this subject. I have selected for this list only gramng, a Critical Cablogut? with Complek Re- two: The American Indian; An Itrlroduction production of All Prints. . . . So far four parts lo the Anthropology of fhe New World, 3d edi- have appeared. Part 1 deals with Florentine tion, by Clark Wissler, a most comprehensive engravings and anonymous prints of other and useful publication. Less comprellensive schools. Parts 2,3 and 4 are plates. Not only is but in no way less interesting is the very recent each print illustrated, but the size is also given. book, Firs! Penthouse Dwellers of America, by To the library or museum which has a print Ruth M. Underhill, with photographs of great collection, these will be of prime importance. merit by L. J. Reichard. It will be very helpful In the field of Painting it is very difficult to to teachers who are working on a Pueblo Indian make a selection, for we have an abundance of project. riches. An extremely scholarly and well-docu- In the division of art history I have limited rnented work is Francisco Ribah and His myself to three books: Roman Baroque Art, School, by Delphine F. Darby. It fills a gap in the History of a Style, by Timon H. Fokker, is a the treatment of Spanish painting. Another work in two volumes, one text and one plates, work that falls into the scholarly group deals and is a most exhaustive treatise. Fokker dis- with John Singlehn Copley - American Por- cusses architecture, town planning and foun- traits, by Barbara N. Parker and Anne B. tains, painting and sculpture. The plates are 50 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 excellent. It covers a period which up to now in November, 1937, Piclures on Exhibit is a has lacked proper treatment. For The Cloisters, review of the art shows, principally in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, East, and appears nine times a year for a cost which opened in its striking location last spring, of $1.00. Its chief features are its illustrations, a handbook has been issued. This is available news of the shows, book reviews and qhibition for 50 cents. It acts as a guide to the collections calendar. - Cynthia Grifin, Cincinnati Arl and also forms an excellent introduction to Museum. Komanesque and Gothic art in western Europe. Historical Color Guide, by Elizabeth Burris- A librarian in the field of biochem- Meyer, is a "book of representative traditional istry writes color schemes derived from examples of the MONG the notable contributions of the decorative arts, from all fields." Thirty plates A past year to the literature of bio-chem- in color are each accompanied by a page of istry and nutrition are: The Annual Review oj text, and such headings are used as Italian Bio-chemistry, Vol. 7, 1938, edited by Luck, primitive, French Louis XV, Mexican, and for its chapters: "The Terpenes, Saponins Persian miniature, etc. and Closely Related Compounds," " Biologi- For the decorative arts I have selected two cal Oxidations and Reductions," and "The publications: Creative Handicrafts, by Mabel Hormones." The extensive bibliographies at R. Hutchins. This little pamphlet issued by at the ends of chapters give a quick survey of the Leisure League of America, tells most the field. Recent progress in vitamins and simply how-to-do-it, in pottery, weaving, hormones is recorded in the Ergebnisse der basketry, metal craft, leathercraft, bookbind- Vilomin und Hormonforscbirng, Vol. 1, 1938, ing, blockprinting and dyeing. A bibliography edited by L. Ruzicka and W. Stepp. A very is included. It is especially useful for high brief clinical review of the vitamins and their school club work. A~zliqueFakes and Reproduc- importance in human nutrition is contributed tions, by Ruth Webb Lee, is an eye-opener to in Vitamins and Their Clinical Applications, the antique lover. She discusses faked sand- by Stepp, Kuhnau and Schroeder. The chem- wich glass, lamps, silver and ceramics. Her istry, determination, human requirement, book is well illustrated, and should prove most its occurrence and some commercial prepara- helpful to the intelligent buyer of these ever- tions of vitamin H are interesting develop- fascinating objects. ments reported by the authors. One must Sculpture in this country is coming into its not neglect that superb concentration of vita- own once more. Last April, in New York City, min assay data, Biological Shndardtzotion of the newly organized Sculptors Guild held its the V$tamins, Coward, 1938, nor Biological first membership exhibition, for which they and Clinical Chemistry, by Steel, 1938, with issued an excellent catalog with over forty il- its sections on theoretical biological chemistry lustrations. For those interested in just who and quantitative clinical chemistry. Two out- makes up the membership, this catalog will be standing papers from the Carnegie Institution valuable. The purpose of the Guild is also in- of Washington: 1. Leaf Xonlhophylls, by cluded. The Sculplure of William Zorach, by Strain, a study of the properties of caroti- Paul S. Wingert, was issued in July. Since noids, carotenes and xanthophylls, xanthophyll Zorach is a member of the Sculptors Guild, it is esters and carotinoid acids, in which experi- especially fitting that this monograph came out mental methods used in isolation and deter- this year. A short account of the sculptor's life mination of xanthophylls are described. 2. and a very full analysis of his work is followed Nutritional Physiology of the Adult Ruminanl, by a catalogue raisonnb, which to the reference Ritzmann, E. J., 1938. For those who insist worker is most valuable. The book has fifty upon delving into the mysteries of the bile cuts. It is not a scintillating book but rather acids, Sobotka's The Chemistry of the Sferids the careful, scholarly analysis of the work of fills a special place, and, if you wish to go one of our outstanding American sculptors. deep down into the complexities of amino I think that one new magazine should be acids and proteins, there is that comprehen- included in this list. Starting with its first issue sive work The Chemisfry of the Amino Acids February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 51 and Proteins, by Schmidt. The physical and Milestones of Marketing, by George Burton physiologic properties of the sterids (sterols Hotchkiss, is, as its title indicates, a history of and steroids) and analytical methods used in the evolution of marketing distribution. Over physiological experimentation are related. a thousand years are covered, with the greater The monumental work of R. R. Williams and part of the work devoted to the period before co-workers, Vifumin B1 (Thiamin) and Its Use 1914. The book provides a background for the in Medicine, 1938, brings togethcr a compact understanding of modern methods of distribu- account of the available data on the relation tion, and is a valuable addition to the litera- of vitamin BI to medical therapeutics and ture of marketing. presents a large quantity of experimental and Coming to discussions of specific phases of historical evidence on vitamin BI deficiencies advertising or selling, we find that the year has and therapeutics. produced some very useful books on a variety To keep abreast of the latest developn~ents of subjects. There are at least three on radio as in the science of nutrition, The Newer Knowl- related to advertising or selling. Practical Radio edge of Nutrition, by E. V. McCollum, et al., Aduertising, by Herman S. Hettinger and always a significant reference book, has been Walter J. Neff, is a comprehensive discussion brought up to date. The Chemical Analysis of of radio and advertising campaigns with much Foods and Food Pradmcts, by M. 13. Jacobs, illustrative material and some useful statistical of the Health Department of the City of New data. How to Build the Radio Audience, by York, N. Y., 1938, adds interesting data to the Douglas D. Connah, discusses public relations subject of food standards and food values at factors in commercial broadcasting and the a time when food manufacturers and health "tools" necessary to build up audiences for experts are keenly interesred in protecting advertising and merchandising programs. the public against inferior foods and over- Another good book on radio advertising is statement of values. Practical Radio Writing, by Katherine Sey- To the limited collection of books on statis- mour and John T. W. Martin, which explains tical interpretation of research the Stalislical the technique of writing for broadcasting. Mefhods Applied lo Experiments in Agricul- A practical guide to methods that make ad- ture and Bzology, by G. W.Snedecor, 1938, is vertisements work is the descriptive sub-title a welcome addition. - Sarah Bradley Pruden, of John Caple's Advertising Ideas. In his third National Oil Prodzuts Compan~,Inc. book on the testing of advertising, the author uses the case method, - reproducing 100 An advertising librarian writes advertisements and analyzing them to see why Some useful and valuable books on advertis- they were successful. ing and merchandising have appeared since H. E. Agnew, in Oicldoor Advertising, has the beginning of 1938. The list has included written an up-to-date, authoritative text book, some good general treatments, -and more which also gives the outdoor industry itself a than the usual number of books devoted to clear picture of its place in the general market- some special phase of advertising or selling. ing plan. Among the general works, the first to come Trade papers as an advertising medium are to mind is "The Handbook of Advertising," discussed by Mabel P. Hanford in Adverlisiiig by Weiss, Kendall and Larrabee. The authors and Selling through Bzisktess Publications, - of the individual chapters are authorities in the first book to be devoted entirely to this special fields of advertising who discuss its subject and valuable both to those who are most important functions and methods and using or considering thc use of business publi- produce an excellent piece of work. Another cations for advertising and selling promotion handbook, intended chiefly for national ad- and to the publishers of such periodicals. vertisers, is Mark Wiseman's "Before you Still another medium is considered in How to Sign the Advertising Check," which analyzes Use Talking Pictwes in Business, by L. S. advertising and presents methods for testing Metcalfe and H. C. Christensen, - a guide to and assuring its effectiveness. the intelligent production and promotion of On the general subject of merchandising, motion pictures for commercial purposes. 52 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2

Legal Phnses of Advertising, by Francis However, despite this sour note, there have Finkelhor of the New York Bar, is a compre- been some books published that rate men- hensive work which takes up not only legal tioning. One of the more interesting is J. G. questions in connection with advertising it- Anderson's Birthplace and Genesis of Life As- self, but also problems arising from the rela- surance. This little book is the result of an tionship of the advertiser to his competitor investigation into the earliest records of the and to the consumer. Equitable Life Assurance Society, and the A market and the media by which to reach it author adds some interesting fads to the early are considered in Remhing Juvenile Markets, history of life insurance. by E. Evalyn Grumbine, long connected with Here's How, by A. E. Wall, is designed to 'Child Life. This is a practical and thorough guide the new underwriter through the essen- study of the juvenile field, with chapters on the tial steps in building a successful career in the various media, and appeals suitable for reach- life insurance business. This book is now in- ing the child market by advertising and cluded on the required reading for the emmi- merchandising. One of the author's main pur- nations leading to a degree from the Institute poses is to give the manufacturer and adver- of Chartered Life Underwriters of Canada. tiser a better understanding of child psychol- The annual edition of Baldwin's New York ogy and to facilitate his reaching the juvenile Insurance Law appears this year for the first market without exploiting it. time in an annotated form and is, therefore, Another of the "how to" books, definitely that much more useful. in the field of merchandising, is Hmu to Sell The Brandeis Way, by Dr. A. T. Mason, is Through Woksakrs, by Weiss and Larrabee, the latest publication describing the method -an analysis of the relation between manu- devised, evolved and put into operation in facturers, and jobbers. Constructive sugges- Massachusetts and more recently New York tions are given for the improvement of selling State for savings bank life insurance by the plans, and forms for consignment agreements late Louis D. Brandeis. are included in an appendix. In July, 1938, the Leader's Digest was intro- Although the foregoing is by no means a duced to the market. Although a periodical, complete summary of the year's output and it deserves mention here. This magazine is a fails to mention other useful books, at least monthly digest styled particularly for agents. brief mention should be made of the Govern- It chooses about twenty of the best articles ment publication, Consumer Incomes in the on life insurance salesmanship that have ap- United Slates, by the National Resources peared in 209 independent and company maga- Committee, which contains much valuable zines. This magazine has set a high standard data. - Katkurine D. Frankenstein, Bath, of quality and seems to be very popular. Barfon, Durstine and Osborn. Some note should be made of the "racket" books attacking the present form of life insur- A life insurance librarian writes ance, since there have been a number placed I thought it would be simple to check through on the market during the year. A recent survey the various books, dealing with life insurance, has shown that despite all the dust these so- that have been published during the current called critics have raised, they are not of any year, and to discuss one or two of the more serious consequence to the business. of life important. But on sitting down, I find it insurance. One concludes that they may be neither so easy nor pleasant as I had imagined. dismissed as nothing more than flies around Between thirty and forty books, exclusive the honey pot. Life Insurance Spcnksfor Itself, of serials, have been published during the year. by M. Albert Linton, published in 1937, is an If any were really important contributions to excellent refutation. The book drives right into the field of life insurance literature the task the heart of the subject and exposes and cor- would be simple. You could talk about that rects the fallacies and fancies of the would-be book. But when you find that the year's crop critics. This book is both factual and easy to ranges from just good to just terrible, the job read. - Peter Morgan, Confedcraiion Lifc becomes more difficult, AswMlb. February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS

Aceountanta (1928) Amerlcan Inatitute of Banklne New York Chapter (193k). Amerlcan Iron and Steel 1n;tltute 29351- Arncrlcun M'wum of Natural Hlatory 1928) mer &an Telepllone and Telemaph Company dcnerai Llbrarv (19271: Amerlcan Telenhonc nnd ~~lrmhnhCorn- 1936). Lob Angeles Public Llbrar (1939). Los Angelci kaildy Corwratlon 1937) pack? ~as'andElcctrlc Company (1930). San brandeco Public Library (1936) Schdck International Plctura. Inc. 11938): Standard 011 Company of California 1929); UniSersitL' of Califorma (1933); Univerdty of Cahornla at Loa Angelee (1937). ComEEnclrr- Brldp~ortPubllc Llbrary (1938) Con- necticut State Llbrary (1936). The Hartfwd Courad (1937). Hartford Public Llbrary, ~ualnesaBranch (1939; The ~ed Haven Clock Compan 1937). New Haven ree Publlc Library 1935); ~hoenghutuh Life Inaurance Compnny G92.3); kedeyan Unlvermty (1935); Yale Unlverdty brary (1931). DELAWARE- E. I. du Pont de Nemoura & Company. Inc.. Erperimental Statlon (1928). ILLINOIS- The Chicago Public Library (1938); The Chicato Tribune (1928) Commonwealth Edlmn Company 1928 F E Com ton k company (1935). Crane Company 119381 ~ikbethkc~orrmck Memorlal bund (1929). ~ousehold Finance Corporation 1939); 111inois Chamber df Commerce 1928). llhnola Stateilbrary (1931) ewe1 Tea Company fnc. (i935); Museum of Sclence and' jndustry (1928); ~h; Pmolea Gaa Light and Coke Comoanv 11930): Seara. Roc- buck and Company (1939); Th; UN&~&' if-chlcago Libraries (1932). Goldman Sacha aodCompany (1931). W -T. Grani Comi pnny (19i7); The Grolier Sodety (19365; ~ioavenorLlbrary INDI~A- Llncoln National Llfe Inaurance Com~any 1928). Gunranty Truat Company of New York Rderence (1928). Ilbra& (1927). Hesrar Magazines Ioc Ma;ketiog DI- IOWA Meredlth Publishing Company (1931). wsion (1938) kopf Institute of ~knng&ent (1938); in- - duatrld ~elahonsCounselors Inc (1927). The Inrerchernl- KSHNCYY- Louhvilh Free Publlc Llbrary (1931). cal Corporntton The ~esearhiaborat& (1936) Tile International ~i'ckelCompany. Inc. (1936); The ~ohn'price Manwm- Baltlmore Department of Le81alatlve Refer- Jones Comratlon 119281: Arthur Kudner. locoroorated 1936) Wllllam H Bodey Jr (1936 . The Enoch %t bree ilbrary (193;); The ha&land d;sualty Com- pany (1929). M-cmsm - The Baker Llbrary. Harvard Graduate School of Bue~nesaAdmimatrahon (1927): F. 7. Barnard nnd

Boot& (1927): Jrickmn' and Moreland i1928):~lberty

MINNESOTA- Weyerbneu~crSales Company (1938). M~ssovnr- Institute of Conaumer Eeonomica Ste hens College (1938); Mercantile-Commerce Bank kd Rust Company (1937).

OHIO- The Drackett Com any (1938)' Federal Reservf Bank of Cleveland (1932); #be Ohlo ~ii~ompany(1928) The Procter and Gamble Company (1926); ~eubci McMillan Free Llbrary (1934). OREWN- Oregon State Agricultural Collepe (1936). P~NSYLVAMA- Blochemiul Research Foundation of The John Cotton Dana Lltirary(1939); Wdght Aeronaut~cal Franklln Inatltute (1938) Carnegle-lllinola Steel Corparn- Corporation (1939). tion 11936): The Elstrlc Storage Batterv Comoanv (1935): Hall 'I&%atoriea, ~IW.(19387: The iiorrlncbtt Library; NEWYour -Allied Stores Corporation (193.5). The Amerl- Unlveraity of PennayIda (1933) Mdlon Inalltute of can Bankers Adatlon (1927); American 'lnstltute of Industrial Research (1929)- ~ednaylvnnia Levdative ( ) Dab oj afl~alian. Reference Bureau (1932); ~&naylvanla Museum of Art 54 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2

(1931). Pcoples-Pittsburgh Trust Company (1935). The TEXAS-Humble Oil and Refinlng Company, Baytown ~hilad;lpbia College df Pharmacy and Science (1928j. The Refinery (1935); Southwestern Life Insurance Company Phlladelnhia Company (1930). Phlladel hla Rapid ~ianslt (1938) Company (1928). Provident kutual LEE Insurance Com- g~~1~~~~a~2v$B~~~$~$$;2~;~;3$~?3~~$~4~f~~%~~~D~ak~%~~ll%f%r:te E%%Y[~~~~)~ (1931)' vereity l3;slnesa ~ibrar~(1935). ~eatln~ho&e~leclricand hianufhcturing Company, ~estkghouscResearch Labara- AusmA~r*- The Sydney County Council ElectrlclLy tones (1928). Undertakmg (1938). (1928). CANADA- The Bell Telephone Company of Canada 1937). RHoDE ISLAND- Rhode Island State Library Canadlan Induatriea Limited ,932) Dominion Itextilk TENNESBBG-Bu.incss L~brary.Naahwlle Public Library Company Llmlted (1936): The danuiacturers Llfc Insur- (1932); Library School, George Peabody Collene for Teach- ance Company (1938) The Royal Bank of Canada (1927); era (1937). Sun Llfe Aesurance ~dmpanyof Canada (1930).

Baltimore Conference

By Maria C. Brace, Chairman, Program Committee

HILE plans for the conference After the luncheon, the first general W are still in that more or less tenta- session will be held. We hope to have for tive state, so like the period of growing the first thing on the program a feature pains in youth, yet there are some fairly which none can afford to miss. This will well-defined sections of the program be an address on the part played by which can be indicated at this time. Per- personality and personal relations in haps it is logical that the first day should successful librarianship. We are not an- receive attention first. The Executive nouncing the name of the speaker at Board and Advisory Council will meet this time, as final arrangements have on Tuesday morning before the confer- not quite been completed. ence proper gets under way. But make no " Professional Training for Special mistake! The conference proper will Librarians" is the subject for the re- start at 12 noon that same day! Better mainder of this session. We have asked tag along early with your executive and various people to speak hoping to have advisory friends, get settled in and be as many points of view presented as pos- ready to greet your peers at 12 o'clock. sible. We are extremely fortunate to be The " Get-Acquainted Luncheon " is able to report that the following mem- intended to give each of us a chance to bers of S.L.A. will speak - subject to see others of our group, to meet local the usual reservation, "Weather per- group representatives and to have a mitting" - Mr. Herman Henkle, Direc- solid hour or so for visiting. Groups will tor of the Library School, Simmons be segregated to allow this and if you are College; Miss Ethel M. Fair, Director, a member of several equally interesting Library School, New Jersey College for groups, that's just too bad! Women and Member of the Curriculum It is planned to have a special table for Committee of the American Association charter members of the Association, at of Library Schools and Linda H. Morley this luncheon. The committee does not and Eleanor S. Cavanaugh, who as wish to overlook any of these pioneers teachers of special subjects at Columbia, and will welcome information about will have practical comments to make. them or from them. Up to this time no Other librarians, equally qualified, will one list includes all known charter mem- help discuss the subject from the floor, bers. Headquarters list shows apparent- but for reasons inscrutable, choose to ly those present at the organization meet- remain anonymous for the present. ing only. There will be time for discussion from the February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 55 floor and each and every member ought rather late, no evening meeting is plan- to have ideas in respect to training. ned. It was thought that a leisurely There will be reports from committees dinner with time to visit with new and whose work is of value in considering old associates might be welcome. And an training, whose findings may give light ekening on the banks of the Severn in dark places, or whose vision may give sounds rather nice, doesn't it? encouragement to the individual " spe- For the rest of the week the picture cial " starting on his career. isn't so clear. Clinics, Washington Day, And then to bus, to bus! To reach the Banquet, committee reports, reports Annapolis in time to see formation for of officers, and wishful thinking towards dinner at the Naval Academy. There- the post-conference cruise tumble about after a bit of poking about the town and in our minds - with perhaps the cruise finally dinner at Rugby Hall overlook- on top of the pile most of the time. But ing the Severn. Since the dinner is to be more anon. Making Up the Magazine 11. The Technical Process

HE steps involved in collecting items caught by the Editor or her staff. Tmaterial for SPECIALLIBRARIES were Articles for Future Issues, a folder of com- sketched briefly in the January issue. In paratively recent development, holds this note the physical processes that go articles sent in for publication and await- into its production are recorded. The ing free space or an appropriate time. 20th of each month the next month's Holdover contains material already in issue begins to "go to press" and the type, but crowded out of preceding issues period from that date to the 10th of the by emergency items, expansive advertis- next month is, for the Editor, one of al- ing or Board business. ternating activity in getting material The magazine has to be made up in ready for the printer and of waiting for four-page units. Sixteen pages comprise the mail, with its returned proof in vari- one printing form. It is efficient to print ous stages. the magazine in multiples of sixteen. If In the editorial files are folders that occasion demands, this can be increased come into intensive use as the 20th of from two 16's (32 pages) to 36 or 40 pages each month approaches. They are labelled with the addition of a four or eight page for the specific months, i.e., February; form. Obviously no unit can be less than News, Articles for Future Issues, and four pages. With the present budget of Holdover. In the folder marked February the Association, the usual issue of SPE- is the material already received and CIAL LIBRARIES is thirty-two pages, scheduled to appear in that issue, cor- though this is expanded to thirty-six, respondence on outstanding articles, Let- forty or more, as occasion and adver- ters to the Editor, etc. The folder also tising warrant. The first step to be con- contains notes on the amount of adver- sidered then is, " Is there an unusual de- tising secured for this issue, notes on mand for space in this issue, and does it Board activities that should go in the appear to warrant an additional signa- magazine, and any other data. ture?" The Editor, in estimating the de- News contains Chapter bulletins, clip- mands for space, must consider the funds pings and notes sent in by members and available, the needs of the Association, 56 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 and possible future developments, weigh ford Press - Make UP Notes, and this all these factors and decide whether the folder is in constant use as copy is assem- normal standard of thirty-two pages bled for mailing to the Press. should be exceeded. With the articles before her and the Normally, leading articles and asso- particular situation existing at the mo- ciation features are printed in 10-point ment in mind, the Editor must give type, special notes on library techniques serious thought to the requirements of in 9-point, Letters to the Editor in 8- space. This necessitates another reading point, and Publications of Special In- of each article, so as to omit extraneous 'terest in 6-point. The size of type to be material or reduce articles to a usable used for each piece of copy is, therefore, length by cutting out the less essential one of the first decisions to be made. sentences or paragraphs. Take, for example, the January issue. The first batch of copy to be mailed to The leading article by Mr. Childs, the Concord to the printer, the Rumford President's Page, and other special arti- Press, takes as many of the general arti- cles were printed in 10-point, while the cles as are available. It is sent with a Symposium, because it was the first sec- letter to Freeman Tilden, Jr., who acts as tion of a number of issues treating on a publisher's representative and handles all special'phase of library technique, was details at the plant. This first mailing is set up in 9-point. In the February issue followed by another consignment con- the leading articles are set in 10-point, taining Publications of Special Interest, and the section of the symposium printed News Notes, the President's Page, and in 9-point. The article by Mrs. Fuller on the other copy that the Editor has suc- special library standards is set in 9-point ceeded in assembling from the various because it is a rather long inter-associa- points of Association activities. From the tion consideration of a problem particu- 20th to the 25th she continues to try to larly relating to our members. draw in by telephone, correspondence, When the Editor has decided on the and occasional telegrams, delayed articles size type to use, she marks the general or Association information needed for copy accordingly - 710-21-12 ,T,%!I-11 etc., - that issue. In this way most of the mate- in other words, 10 for the size, 21 for rial is assembled and sent off to the the font or style of type, and 12 in- printer by the 25th. dicating that two point leads shall be For each piece of copy the printer re- used between lines, 15 shows that the turns three galleys - one on white copy is to be printed in single columns paper stamped Original Proof and marked fifteen picas wide. The heading must also by the proofreader with blue pencil for be marked for type size, - a certain corrections and questions arising at the standard size for the title. another size Press; another on white paper stamped and type for the author, and still an- dufllicate without printers' marks, for other size and type for the author's the Editor to retain; and a third on yel- identification. For instance, in Mr. low paper, to be cut and pasted up for Tucker's article the title was set in 18- the dummy of the issue in process.. At the point Roman upper and lower case, his same time a set of proof is sent to Head- name in 12-point italic, upper and lower quarters, where errors in spelling of case, and his location in 9-point Roman members' names, etc., are caught. upper and lower case. A treasured collec- As each batch of galley proof is re- tion of former pieces of copy using these turned to the Editor, articles are meas- symbols is kept in a folder marked Rum- ured and the number of running inches, February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 5 7 with the approximate number of pages make-up, it is advisable to have articles needed for each, is noted at the head of end at the bottom of a page or near the the second galley. At the same time a list middle, but not less than a quarter page ie made of the material and the number from the top, nor a third of a page from of pages reserved for each item. As gal- the bottom. leys are received, as definite advertising With these complications in mind, the requirements are noted, as estimates are first article is trimmed and pasted in the made for delayed material that must be dummy. It runs to two and a half pages, included, the questions of what will ac- but the half page has 45 lines instead of tually go into this issue, what must be 44 or 46. That means that one line must held over for another issue, or whether be cut so that the half page will end the issue must definitely be enlarged, all flush. The cut must be at the end of a come more and more to the fore. paragraph to avoid the extra cost in re- If the correct time schedule has been setting. This may mean a slight adjust- achieved, galley proofs are available on ment in the wording near the end of the the first of the month for which the issue paragraph. Such cuts always require a is dated. The next step is "making up the certain amount of thought, to combine dummy." The morning of the 1st the fairness to the writer with appropriate Editor plans to concentrate on this work care of printing costs. Similar problems with as clear a field + possible. The as- arise on other pages. The necessity of sembled data now indicates the compli- conserving space may mean cutting out cations to be met. For example, one arti- paragraphs or half paragraphs - when- cle in type will have to be held over for ever possible - from the end or the rnid- another issue. This proves necessary for dle rather than the beginning. Such part of Newa Notes also. At least a half- deletions must all be marked on the page of space, or a total of 8 inches, will original printers' proof. have to be. cut here and there from dif- These are typical problems met in cut- ferent articles and departments in order ting and tailoring the magazine. There is to get the essential material into 32 another large one. So far the various au- pages. With her list of mast copy before thors and collaborators have yet to at- her, the Editor arranges the galleys in tain such perfect timing as to make it appropriate order for publication, and possible to have all copy in galley proof then with paste pot, brush, and shears, before the dummy is made up. One or starts on the tailoring pracess, with an more fresh pieces of copy have been issue of SPECIALLIBRAIUES containing mailed with the dummy of every issue, a the appropriate number of pages as the step that requires estimating space to be foundation for the dummy. allowed in the dummy for the printed In making up the magazine, the Editor text. Since estimak is an accurate dexrip- feels that the wealth of material avail- tion, such a step is bound to cause some able, plus the need for emnomy, makes complications in page proof, but fortu- it essential that there be little space at nately they can usually be kept to a mini- the end of an article. With an unlimited mum. In spite of good intentions of con- budget, a desire for white space might ex- tributors, such a problem is a part of ercise more power, but with $.L.A.'s every issue. needs what they are, the necessity of Before sending corrected printers' gal- filling each page to capacity is an ever- leys and the dummy to the printer for present thought. For that reason, from page proof, the dummy is pasted UP, the the point of view of good taste in page numbers are marked on the dummy, 6 58 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 a table of contents is written according to corrected page proof to the printer with these page numbers, and the table of con- final instructions on the type to be held tents is checked to see that all copy is at for reprints. In other cases it has been hand to be mailed -galleys, fresh copy possible to OK the page proof by teletype and all. Printers' galleys are scanned to through the careful and systematic help see that all questions have been an- given by the New York Rumford repre- swered, that changes found necessary in sentative assigned to SPECIALLIBRARIES, pasting up the dummy have been marked, Robert E. Johnson. and that important errors caught by At the time that page proof is ap- Headquarters are corrected on the print- proved, instructions are given as to the ers' proof. number of copies to be printed if more In making corrections, care has been than the usual quantity are required. A taken to see that necessary changes in note of which type pages are to be held, the middle of paragraphs are kept down should possible reprints be sought, is to the number of letters to fit into one or made at the same time. Reprints are two lines of type, and that whenever pos- sometimes ordered by authors or needed sible corrections have been made at the by the Association for different Com- end of a paragraph rather than the mid- mittees, Groups, or Chapters for special dle so as to avoid re-setting type and work. This question must always be consequent extra printing costs. Every settled before the type is distributed and printers' bill carries an item, "authors the opportunity for reprints is lost. alterations." This covers changes made After the page proof is OK, the Editor in the galleys themselves and also changes has nothing to do but wait patiently for in advertisements. It is an item that from the advance copies that will show that every angle must be kept to a minimum. the magazine has gone safely through Before finally mailing the dummy, the the press. Between the 1st and the Sth, envelope must be checked to see that it Headquarters must run through the Ad- includes printers' proofs, all new copy, dressograph the envelopes for active and the table of contents, the dummy itself, institutional members and subscribers, and a letter to the printer containing so that they will be ready in Concord to special instructions in connection with receive the issue when the magazine any particular problems. If it has been comes off the press. possible to get 90 per cent of the maga- Keeping to the time schedule on maga- zine into type before thedummy is pasted zine make-up is a perpetual problem. up, the probabilities are that resulting The general plan is that the 20th of the page proof will require little change. If a preceding month copy goes to the printer, large proportion of the copy has had to go on the lst, the dummy should be ready, directly into page proof, changes are al- on the 4th, page proof should be OK'd, so most always necessary in order to fit the that on the 8th, advance copies should copy into the proper page length. arrive at Headquarters and at the Edi- For the January issue all but two of the tor's desk, and by the loth or Ilth, pages were correct in page proof without copies should have reached subscribers. further change. Those two pages, made Between holidays, the routine of other up from copy of which no galley proof work, and congestion at the Press, this had been available, needed considerable time schedule appears to be a dream cutting, since the copy was from 3 to 15 rather than a reality, but on the whole it lines more than the available space. As a provides a standard toward which to result, it was necessary to mail back the work. M. C. M. February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Letters to the Editor A New Tool be given by the librarian. When the students have chosen their majors, I would have the de- EADERS of SPECIALLIDRARIES may be partmental librarian or some other competent interested to know that the Library of the R member of the department give them an intensive Science Museum, London, which is especially course of perhaps two weeks in the library mate- renowned for its collections of scientific and rials and bibliographical aids and techniques in technical periodicals - domestic and foreign - their particular field. have rccently published a list of all current peri- We have a required, one-unit course in sources odicals in the Library. The titles of some 9,000 of business information for all first-year students separate periodicals-are recorded in alphabetical in the Graduate School of Business. This course order. This publication will be on sale at the is given four days a week for the first three weeks British Library of Information, price $2.50. of the fall quarter. It is a joint project of Dr. The publication is an invaluable instrument to Mears, Professor of Geography and Interna- librarians, abstractors and scientific workers tional Trade, and myself, and consists of lectures, generally. problems and a final examination. I have found ALANDUDLEY, that the more closely we can tie up this course British Library of Injormation. with the actual work which the students are doing or will do in actual courses, the more S.L.A. Proceedings Stimulating effective we are in getting across. to Readers I have found the Proceedings most stimulating reading and I hope that the Association will HAVE been lending my copy of the Procced- continue to make them available to the members. ings around so much that up until the present I They are particularly valuable to those of us on I have not had any opportunity to read it very the West Coast who find it difficult to attend the carefully. annual conventions. Of the articles in general I found "Business EDWINT. COUAN,JR., Librarian, Profits from Skilled Use of Published Informa- Graduate School of Business, Stanford Univcrsily. tion" most useful and valuable. The article on the treatment of pamphlets and other ephemeral A Word to the Wise material contained several good suggestio~~sas to the handling of this most troublesome material. IBRARIANS interested in professional stand- I did not think much of the section on training L ards should read the editorial in the New college students in the use of libraries in that it York Times, entitled 'I Justice for Librarians," seemed to be pretty much a threshing over of January 24, 1939. old straw. In my opinion, it is useless to attempt FLORENCEFULLER, Lsbrarhn, to instruct freshman students in the use of the American Standards AssocMl10n. library by means of a few lectures during the first An Interesting Project few weeks' sojourn at college. It has been my observation that they are so confused at this N 1939 and 1940, the New Jersey Library As- period that they remember very little of such I sociation will celebrate its Fiftieth Anniver- instruction. sary. In connection with this anniversary, a Also, the type of work required of the average committee of Junior members, in coaperation freshman keeps him pretty close to assigned texts with the Fiftieth Anniversary Committee, has or material in the reserve book room. The tie-up outlined a series of ten tours or pilgrimages to between the student's need for and facility in historic libraries throughout the state. An at- handling of library sources is much closer, it tractive and instructive folder describing the seems to me, in the social science and pure tours has been printed, and may be secured by science departments rather than in English, and writing to Elizabeth C. Madden, Chairman of the I believe that instruction in the use of the library Pilgrimage Committee, Montclair Public Library, in these departments perhaps takes better. Montclair, New Jersey. A good way to handle this problem, it seems to Six of the ten tours include visits to certain me, would be to have the freshmen take a course libraries of unusual interest, and have been of perhaps three or four weeks' duration in the scheduled for definite dates in May. The remain- second half of the first semester, combining lec- ing four, designated as optional tours, cover tures and problems. This course should properly counties in which no old libraries were found but SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2

which contain many historic and picturesque for libraries and information service in addition sites. No dates are specified for these four pil- to other duties." grimages. They are merely suggested as poss~blc The instructor in this course is Eleanor S. Cav- motor excursions. anaugh. Does any one feel that "we should be Prefacing each tour in the folder is a small prepared to protest" the chance that some of the map, outlining the routes. Not only the libraries registrants in this admirably conducted course mentioned above, but also many little known may prematurely be considered "real Special spots of historic or literary interest are pointed Librarians "I out along the course of each pilgrimage. The In my service I offer a mlution to the problem Committee has also included a suggested list of of the business organization which wants Borne- eating places in various sections of the state. thing done about its information files, its fact. Widespread publicity is planned for this proj- finding facilities, but is not "at this time" pre- ect, as we hope to interest not librarians alone, pared to invest more than a few hundred a year but many clubs and individuals as well, and a on such improvement. Do other speck1 librarians special effort will be made to attract out of state feel that the organization must spend thousands visitors to the World's Fair in New York, thus or nothing? Do they not perceive in the readiness helping to advertise the little known attractions to spend a little a beginning rewgnition of a vital of our state. need? Would they discourage the beginning? If May I ask you to inform the Special Libraries not, how would they encourage it? groups of our plans and to enlist their interest and In our program we believe in following the coapcration which will mean so much to our strategy of selling the employer by easy degrees: Committee? 1. Giving him inexpensively a consciousnessof ELIZABETHC. MADDEN,Chuirmun, some of the values to his organization of a cen- Pilgrimage Commil&c, Monklair Pubic Library. tralized information department, and 2. Then encouraging this consciousness to What Is a Better Solution ? develop into a demand for a full-time, speciatly HARLOTTE N. TAYLOR, commenting in trained and experienced librarian. C the January SPECIALLIBRARIES on my To an uninoculated employer, a library is i article in the November 1938 issue, summarized non-producing department. Before the addition sotne of the phdosophy of Special Librarianship. of such a large recurring expense will seem to him Her outline of requirements will supplement my anything but a predepression grand gesture, he effortsto communicate S.L.A. ideals to the staffs may have to see a sample work and discover I may supervise. We agree that, to become a real through that performance that a library can both Special Librarian, a novice must have a deep make and save him money. and active interest in her organization and must Our first potential client was, we found, al- merit her employer's confidence. She must be ready sold on a library and the need for a trained foresighted and resourceful in the search for facts librarian. This organization we promptly referred and nust sincerely desire to serve. to Miss Houghton. But can we attribute thcse qualities exclusively I see our activities as sales promotion for spe- to Special Librarians? I have encountered and cial libraries. recognizcd them also in exceptional secretaries, CHLOEMORSE, in numerous social service workers, newspaper CMoc Morse, Iw. men and women, chemists, statisticians, sales- men, engineers and even in Public Librarians. Prison Libraries The object of my service is not to transmute HETHER the prison library should come completety untrained personnel into Special w under the A.L.A. or the S.L.A. is a quee- Librarians. What I do anticipate is that some- tion for consideration, but the writer is inclined times I may communicate essential library to think S.L.A. should have some interest in the techniques to judiciously selected workers, subject, as there are many special features at- trained in othcr fields and possessed of a pro- tending the administration and the type of read- fessional point of view. ing offered, as well as need for judicious advice The current Announcement of Columbia Uni- by the librarian to the inmates. versity's School of Library Service, contains this Probably members of the Special Libraries note: Association have less information on and knowl- "Business Library Service . . . a new course edge of prison libraries than any other type in offered . . . to meet the needs of untrained as- their long category; hence it was of intereet to sistants in the larger business libraries and of this Canadian delegate to the American Prison those in smaller organizations who are responsible Congress held in October in the city of Saint February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 61

Paul, Minnesota, to accept an invitation to a our Canadian penitentiaries are located in dinner, held under the joint auspicesof the Ameri- cramped or inconvenient quarters. Catalogues ran Library Association and the Women's City are not complete or readily available. No surveys Club of Saint Paul, given in the latter's capacious have been made to discover reading tastes or premises overlooking the Mississippi. habits; no records have been kept to find out An illuminating address was given by Miss which books are most often in demand, and as a Mildred L. Methven, Supervisor of Institution result, books are ordered in a haphazard manner Libraries and Librarian for the Board of Control, without any attempt to apply the library appro- State of Minnesota. In this Miss Methven told priation to its most advantageous use, or to shape how she had undertaken, at the request of the library to any definite end. Warden L. F. Utecht, of the Minnesota State It is further suggested "that much of this dis- , Prison (which we visited, some twenty miles order and inefficiency is due to the fact that no away from Saint Paul), to report on the wndition trained librarians are employed in the peniten- of that institution's library, with the result that tiary service. The teacher (usually in charge) is the collection had undergone complete renovation not necessarily a librarian, and a poor teacher will thin last summer. The recommendations were genually be a poor librarian." based on the assumption that rows of unread JOHNKIDMAN, Nnus Librarian, books, which may impress hurried visitora, and The Gaxelte, Montred large numbers of volumes which may serve by reason of their number to make a good showing An Opportunity in printed reports, do not constitute a prison LIMITED number of the issues comprising library. With the exception of certain reference A Volume'l of the Social Security Bulletin, and 50-called standard books, the more empty the March-December, 1938, are available for distri- library shelves, the better if this means that a bution to public libraries, or other repositorics, smaller and well-selected library is being used to where they would be available for reference pur- capacity. poses. Requests for copies should be addressed to It is of interest to note nome observations of the the Social Security Bulletin, Bureau of Research Royal Commiasion to Investigate the Penal Sys- and Statistics, Social Security Board, Washing- tem of Canada, the report of which was issued in ton, D. C. June of this year, on prison libraries. ELLENCOMMONS, Librarian, It is stated in the report that the libraries in all Socid Security Board. News Notes The S.L.A. Student Loan Fund. . . . year would wish to go on for advanced The Illinois Chapter has established a work this year? . . . The Southern Cali- record in that it is the first chapter to fornia Chapter is making an intensive actually make a contribution to the Spe- study of problems in connection with an cial Libraries Association Student Loan in-service training program, and a ques- Fund. While the New Jersey Chapter has tionnaire has been prepared for members pledged $100 to be paid in June 1939, of the chapter asking for an indication the Illinois Chapter has already paid of which of five suggested courses would into the Student Loan Fund $50 as a best fit Chapter needs: " (1) A course for gift. solving problems involved in cataloging Training Again to !he Fore. . . . The non-book materials such as pamphlets, New York Chapter plans to continue the reports, periodicals, correspondence, pic- training program started last year and tures, maps, government documents, the President is seeking the answers to mimeographed material, charts, etc.; (2) two questions: (1) How many members course covering techniques of research would attend a course in cataloging given and bibliography making; (3) course on under Chapter auspices? (2) How many public documents; (4) course given by of those who took the course in catalog- the heads of the special departments of ing given under Chapter auspices last the Los Angeles Public Library - such a 62 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 course to thoroughly survey the re- Hartford Business Branch. . . . The sources of each department, the special Boston Globe for Monday, January 2, tools for getting at the collection and carried a feature story by William AI- how to use them, problems for testing cott, librarian of that newspaper, sum- their use, etc. ; (5) a course offering more marizing the outstanding year's events. variety - such a course to survey briefly . . . BBC Empire Broadcasting in its methods of ordering, cataloging, classify- issue of November 6, 1938, ran an arti- ing, research and bibliography making, cle called, "Among the Libraries," by publicity and report writing, personnel J. C. MacLennan, giving an impressive problems, equipment." picture of the wide scope and usefulness Simmons College, School of Library of the work of these departments in Science, announces that the course in the broadcasting company. . . . Do- organization and administration of spe- mescic Commerce for January 20, 1939 cial libraries, offered in the second semes- quoted from Functioning of a Business ter under Ruth Leonard, will be open to Library," by Florence A. Grant, first a limited number of special librarians appearing in Execu,!ives Service Bulletin. who can meet the normal requirements American Library Association Pro- for admission to the college. . . . Co- ceedings for 1938 contains the article on lumbia University is giving a course in training by Ruth Savord which appeared publicity for libraries under Margery in the September issue of SPECIALLI- Quigley, librarian of the Montclair Pub- BRARIES. . . . The newly published lic Library. This course has been put on " Public Documents 1938" carries articles an evening schedule in order that spe- on "Organization and Preservation of cial librarians might have an oppor- Near-Print Material," by Linda H. tunity to enroll. . . . The New Jersey Morley and Claribel Ruth Barnett; on Chapter, in cooperation with the Univer- "Principles for the Selection of Mate- sity of Newark, will off~ra course on rials for Preservation," by Arthur H. sources of business information in ten Cole and Dorsey W. Hyde, Jr.; and 2:hour lectures, starting early in March. "Official Publications of the British Here and There in Print. . . . Modern Colonies," by Angus S. Fletcher. . . . Plaslics for January 1939 carried a pic- The recently compiled Bibliography for ture of the Bakelite Corporation Li- Colonnade Food Supervisors speaks of brary, Bloomfield, N. J., Helen Baierle, the Technical Book R&ew Index as fol- librarian, with the heading: "Well- lows: "It records and usually quotes equipped libraries such as this are indis- from reviews in a large number of pensable adjuncts to the laboratory in scientific and technical magazines. It is modern research." . . . The Montreal the best existing guide to the evaluation Chapter put on such effective publicity of new technical and business books." that an interesting account of its work This bibliography on material in print, appeared as a feature articlein The Mont- in the hotel and restaurant industry, is an real Daily Star for Saturday, December excellent compilation, with a well an- 3. The interest of the article was en- notated list of books of fundamental hanced by pictures of Beatrice Howell, value, supplemented by lists of other Cornelia Osborne, Nan Gregg and Mar- books, magazines, government publica- garet Ireland, the officers of the chapter. tions and publications from commercial . . . Connecticut Industry for January firms, and including an evaluated list of 1939 had two columns of book reviews indexes. by Mildred B. Potter, librarian of the The American Foundation for the February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 63

Blind has published a "Directory of Ac- committee will try to determine whether tivities for the Blind in the United States a project is feasible for that community, and Canada," compiled by Ruth Eliza- and may act in an advisory capacity to beth Wilcox and Helga Lende. . . . A the W.P.A. should the project be under- helpful bibliography published under taken. The members from the Special the direction of John H. Moriarity, li- Libraries Association are: Ruth Savord, brarian of Cooper Union Library and Council OP Foreign Relations, Inc.; Linda compiled by Byron C. Hopkins, reference H. Morley, Industrial Relations Coun- librarian, is on "The Non-Technical selors, Inc.; Alma Jacobus, Time, Inc.; Aspects of Engineering Education.'' Gertrude D. Peterkin, Legal Depart- . . . Beaumont Newhall, librarian of the ment, American Telephone and Tele- Museum of Modern Art, New York, graph Company; and from the New has compiled a revised and amended York Library Club, Nelson W. A4c- edition of "Photography, A Short Criti- Combs, Washington Square Library, cal History," originally published in 1937. New York University; L. Q. Mumford, Ford M. Pettit had an article in the New York Public Library; William October Michigau Librarian on " Micro- Shirley, Pratt Institute; Lewis Bailey, filming in hlichigan." The service of the Queensborough Public Library. Downtown Library's business division The Carnegie Corporation of New was described for businessmen by Isaac York has granted the sum of $2,000 to A. Yabroff in the October 17th issue of the American Foundation for the Blind, The Detroiter. In the recently published 15 W. 16th Street, New York, for the "Legislative History of Federal Income compilation of an annotated bibliogra- Tax Laws," by J. S. Seidman, the preface phy of publications covering the various carries a pleasing reference: "The initial aspects of blindness - medical, voca- 'spade' work in research was done with tional, psychological, educational and effectiveness by Virginia Hinners Mere- recreational. The bibliography will be dith, now librarian for the New York compiled by Helga Lende, librarian of Stock Exchange." the American Foundation for the Blind, Publications Under Way. . . . The and, in addition to recent research, will Southern California Chapter is com- be based on the selective reading lists pleting work on the Union List of Serials which from time to time have been is- in 75 libraries in Southern California, sued by the Foundation library. compiled by the Coordinating Committee Groufis. . . . National Groups and those of the Southern District, California in local chapters have been busy. The Library Association, with its help. This Commerce Group has been taking a will be an impressive publication cover- census of its members. . . . The In- ing approximately 12,000 titles of serials. surance Group has ~racticedthe art of At least half of the material is not other- sending out short and interesting circu- wise listed. It will be sold for $5.00. lar letters to members. . . . The Bio- Coofierating Activities. . . . A union logical Sciences Group has been working catalog for the metropolitan New York constructively on the membership cam- region is under discussion and at the paign. . . . In New York the Hospital November meeting of the New York and Nursing School Section of the Bio- Chapter it was voted that the President, logical Sciences Group has published an Rose Boots, appoint a committee to work interesting four-page bulletin, with a jointly with the committee appointed by particularly neat section on "Useful the New York Library Club. The joint Things to Know." . . . 64 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2 Meetings. . . . The December meet- Detroit Edison Company addressed the ing of the Illinois Chapter was held.in chapter - J. H. Walker on the building, connection with the mid-winter meeting and S. Roth and Robert Cleary on the of the A.L.A. and many guests from microfilm of the company. . . . The other cities, including Mary Louise January meeting of the Southern Cali- Alexander, Maria Brace, Irene Strieby, fornia Chapter was held at the Clark James Ballard and others, were present. Memorial Library. Rare old books and The speaker of the evening was Harry C. manuscripts of Shakespeare and Dryden, Baucr, technical librarian of the Ten- and other masters of English literature, nessee Valley Authority, who spoke on were on display and beautifully illus- "The Technical Library of the T.V.A." trated a talk by Mr. Robert 0. Shad, . . . The January meeting was held the curator of rare books at the Henry E. 24th, at the library of the Household Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Finance Corporation. Burr Blackburn, . . . The New Jersey Chapter had for director of the Research Department, the theme of its February meeting, spoke on "Consumer and Visual Edu- held on the first of the month, an infor- cation Program of Household Finance," mal discussion by business executives, and Elizabeth Beach, the librarian, dis- editors, publishers, research workers, cussed "Consumer Material in House- librarians and others, on "The Deluge hold's Library." This was followed by a of Business and Technical Information sound slide film, "Wardrobe, Ltd." - How to Use It Effectively." Talks . . . The Boston Chapter held its Jan- included the problems of selection, use uary meeting on the 23rd, at the Insti- and discarding of magazines, services, tute of Geographical Exploration. The government publications and books. chapter was welcomed by Dr. Alexander S.L.A. was featured as one of the biggest Hamilton Rice, director of the Institute. agencies in finding solutions to these Talks were given by the librarian, Doro- problems. thy Mayhew, and by Dr. Erwin Raisz, The Cleuebnd S.L.A. Times made its instructor in geographical exploration debut January 3rd in effective news- and curator of maps. . . . Pittsburgh paper format and enlivening text: for had for the subject of its January meet- example: ing " Recent Developments in the Edu- "Bindery Investigation Announced cation of Special Librarians." Esther E. Special Librarians Meet Fawcett was the leader of the discus- January 13, 1939 sion and the assistants were Jessie Callan J. C. Eschmann, Speaker Kenedy of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Harriet C. McCarty of the Cleveland, Ohio, January 3 - Today, Pennsylvania College for Women Li- Miss Marjorie L. Eckert, President of brary, Julia L. Staniland of the Univer- the Cleveland Chapter of the Special sity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Libraries Association and first assistant Library, and Helen E. Yoder of the Uni- in the Business Information Bureau of versity of Pittsburgh Library. the Cleveland Public Library, and Miss Detroit had the pleasure of holding its Alta B. Claflin of the Federal Reserve January meeting at the Detroit Edison Bank and chairman of the program corn- Company, where two interesting modern mittee of the Cleveland chapter of developments were considered - a win- S.L.A., disclosed complete plans for a dowless building and the use of micro- thorough investigation of activities at film. Three of the engineers of the the National Library Bindery, 1766 E. February, 1939 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 65 133rd St., Cleveland, Ohio, on January efforts of those taking part in the in- 13, 1939. vestigation so that they might con- Upon further questioning, Miss Claf- duct their observation in an efficient lin revealed that the program committee, manner. including Miss Helen Hefling of the The program committee went on rec- National Library Bindery and Miss Nell ord as favoring additional assistants on Sill of the Library of the Cleveland Mu- this project and therefore announce seum of Art, long have had the bindery publicly that guests will be welcome." under strict scrutiny, and desiring to News of Friends. . . . Katharine Etz make this investigation a thorough one, sailed in September to take up her new had decided to bring the investigators work as librarian of the American Col- into the field rather than have witnesses lege for girls in Istanbul, Turkey. . . . appear before the committee. Julia Pettee, head cataloger at Union The chairman admitted, too, that the Theological Seminary in New York, committee had provided all the tools will complete her work of reorganizing necessary for the investigators. "The that library this spring. She is retiring opening wedge," continued Miss Claflin, in June to take a position in the Catalog "is to be a dinner - served at 6 :30 - Department in Yale University Library, costing $1.00 including tax and tip." where she will supervise classification Miss Claflin gave the Times a greater and subject headings of the large collec- scoop when, after a conference with Miss tion of theology, the recataloging of Eckert and the committee, it was di- which will be started in the fall. . . . vulged that the dinner would be followed Ralph Leo Chamberlin, Jr., was born on by an illustrated talk on fine binding, January 9th. His mother, Mildred Clapp to be delivered by the special investiga- Chamberlin, formerly on the staff of the tor in the field, Mr. J. C. Eschmann. The Newark Business Branch, was chairman talk, according to reports, is to point the of the Duplicate Exchange Committee.

Publications of Special Interest

Austin, Kay. What do you want for $1.987 Carrick puppeta and numemua delalled half tonea of puppet playa & Evans, N. Y. 1938.240 p. $1.98. and the tcchnlquc In pmdudng them. An acute, eeectlve dincusllon of ahopping prlndples and Carter,Boake. Made in U. S. A. Dodge Pub. Co., practlcea for many clanta, from coarnetlcs to floor mverlng. N. Y. 1938.244 p. 51.75. Sound. pnctlml nolea enlivened by cnustic wlt. A good deseriptivc llst of 8peclal senrlcta dven in appendix. Pontifical remnrka, malnly on current, economic and pollt- lcal conditiona. by one of the popular radio commentaton. Bed, G. B. Through the backdoor of the circus. McLoughlin, Springfield 1938. 308 p. 52.00. Cooke, Beach. Book detektive. Morrow, H. Y. 1938. $1.50. For everyone who han srrn a drcua, a direct, engrorulng account of Ita mcchanicn, its people, and their procedures A mod cntertalnlng set up for recordlng borrowed booke. All of the many fcatarea that go into the moving and prc- wth witty easy by Christopher Morley and some deliahlful duang of "the greatest ahow on earth" ure mentioned in models for follow-up for rnming books. their important relstion one to anotller. A truly interesting and u&ected Lwok. Covle.. , D. C. Roads to a new America. Little, Brown, Boston. 1938. 390 p. 12.75. Beaumont, C. W. Puppets and the puppet stage. Studio, N. Y. 1938. 144 p. $4.50. An enlightening and stlml~latingconsldentlon of con- temporary economic and sociolop~cal pmbleme, conen- Tliehiatoryof puppela, the presenlaLageof their develop trating on the underatandlng of bamc factors of national ment, the chief figures in the field hen and abroad are wealth and of the actual rclationallip of money to th-. effrctively trested. Many line drawings ol early forma of Clear, refreshing and provoattive. 66 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 30, No. 2

Dana, Margaret. Behind the label. Little, Brown, Goldwater, R J. Primitivism in modern bainting. Boston. 1938. 255 p. 82.00. Harper, N. Y. 1938. 210 p. $5.00. Another "guide to lntelhgent buymg," with much Inter- Fme reproductions of works by Gauguln. Rouascau, and catlng, apec~ficinformation on important books for conaid- Piasso lliustrate thls scholarly analya~s D~attnaulnhedfor cmtlon In connection mth textiles, furs, slzea, styles and the general survey of the llteiatum of the field, the comprc- other polnts. henswe footnotes and the fine blbilogmphy. Includes data on development of ethnological muauma. Edman, Irwin. Philosopher's holiday. Viking, N. Y. 1938. 270 p. 52.75. Horton, Marion. A.L.A. catalog, 1932-1936. Charming emys on people, places and modea of living, American Library Assoc., Chicago. 1938.357 p. ahowlng a serene understandins of shades of enjoyment combined w~thfine Intellectual quallty and a braclng apprc- 55.00. ciatlon of fundamental values, In teachlng. In Ilving, and In An annotated llsi with necessary blbliographlcml Informa- enjoyment of the arts tlon of appronmately 4,000 Llllea coverlng all aubjeeta. Each dlvlslon necessarily limited In tltles and only falr In Edminster, A. W. Gardening as a hobby. Harper, selection. but the wide coverage makea It generally uscful. N. Y. 1938. I84 p. 52.50. A clear, piactlcal trcat~nentof flower gardenlng in New James, F. C. Growth oj Chicago banks. Harper, England. New York, and New Jersey, mvlng notes on color N. Y. 1938. 2 v. 1.00. and height arrangement, the properties of the mll, data on anlmala, bicnnlals and percnnlals, bulba, all In a simple. The Ananclal history of the country Is epltommd In the 8pccific style. atoryof the Chicago banks Theauthor'a skill mtheselccllon and emective handllng of hla materlal makes the ordlnary Ellwood, C. A. Story of social philosophy. Pren- dry toptc one of great Interest. The smoothness of hia style lice-Hall, N. Y. 1938. 581 p. 53.50. is bnglitened by understandlng humor and appreclatlon of A aelectlve vlew of the development of saclnl ph~iosophy the human factors. The arrangement of footnotes and the as aliown In the lives and works of ~tsuponent from Socratea h~stoncdata In the ap~endicesarc valuable for the student. to Lester Ward. Eno118l1blographlal data given to indlcate The fine bibliography enhances Its ilacfulnesa and the ~nflucnces.Condensed exp~slLlonsofthe contnbutlons glvcn. material on the financial literature auch am Coln Flrunc~d A almply expressed matter-of-fact record - uwful as a School ra enl~ghteningand enloyable. general plcture and well-illustrated. Johnson, C. G., Dean, R. S., and Gregg, J. L. Farrington, E. I. Gardner's omnibus. Hale, Metallurgy. American Tech. Soc., Chicago. Cushman & Flint, Boston. 1938. 885 p. $3.75. 1938. 149 p. $1.50. The bmk Is uactly dexribed by the t~tle.Information on every type of psrden la ~ncluded,but Itla not alwayseasy A condensed textbook givlng brlef, clear dcfin~t~onsof to find. Between the uccllent ~lluatratlonsand tbe mm- vanous metals and proceeaes for dealing wlth them. Many prehenalvc text, however, it 18 a dlstlnctly worthwh~le tables of propertlea mcluded, as well as plcturcs of inntm- production ments, charts of procesaea and a brief l~stof Htenture of metallurgy. Federal Writers Project. Stories of New Jersey. Barrows, N. Y. 1938. 422 p. 52.00. Jones, L. L. Valid or forged? Funk & Wagnalls, Concise, clear and slm~leaccounts of places, people, N. Y. 1938. 168 p. $2.00. lnduatnea and methods of llvlnn and worlung. Flne pholo- gnpha Illustmte the accounts of such vaned features as A clear, aystematlc account of Droecdure In inveatigatlng ~lasamaklng, the North American Phalanx, the Morris valldlty of documents dvlng terminology, procedure and Canal, the eg# auctlona, the old Oxford Furnace and other notes on instrumenta used In analyzing wntlng. Clear testimony. lnterestlng features Flne for supplementary reading and treatment of method of preaentlng court Bib- engrosalng to anyone who wantr to know a faxlnatmg atate. homaphy ~ncluded.A good book in a hlghly apeclal~zedfield.

Forester, Norman. Future of the liberal college. Appleton, N. Y. 1938. 103 p. 51.25.

A aeries of aomewliat caustic papers on what the author HOPPING, LOUIS M. conaldera our weakened collegiate tralnlng. As leadera, READY RE PER EN^ TABLIIOF PDNAL Ellot and Dewey do not find fnvor In h~seyes, while a phi- ~TATUTE.~,1838. 103 pp. $1 (Order from loaophy of i~vlnp,that eeeks freedom for all from paln, ap Louis M. Hopping, 12725 Indiana Ave., peara to hlm to atreaa matcrlal~stlcdesires, on the whole ~t Detroit, Mich.) shown an unusual polnt-of-vlew. Descriptive titles of federal penalty stat- Fowler, J. F., Jr. Reuenue bonds. Harper, N. Y. utcs, allowing scope of punitive laws, graden of ofienses, ns to felonies nnd midemcanors, 1938. 249 p. 53.00. and the extent of punishment provided. A The nature, uses and dlstribullon of fully *If-liquidating pockct-aim handy manual of ueeful informa- publlc loans d~scunsedIn delad w~tbspeclal attention to tlon, used in the enforcement of federal crim- thelr use9 for ~qst~tutlonalinvestments. Includes appendix. inal laws. Should be of mterost to judges, lawyms, prosecutors and officials of prison. glving l19t of revenue bond prolecta, ~nstltutlonalholdings of probation and social aervice organirat~ons. such bonds, and brlef blbliogmphy. A comprehenalve, well- prepared book on a recent financial development.

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