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Overcoming the Industry Driven Barriers to the Creation of Black Independent Film

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Overcoming the Industry Driven Barriers to the Creation of Black Independent Film Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2013 Overcoming the industry driven barriers to the creation of black independent film Tara R. Jiles Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Jiles, Tara R., "Overcoming the industry driven barriers to the creation of black independent film" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 406. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/406 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology OVERCOMING THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN BARRIERS TO THE CREATION OF BLACK INDEPENDENT FILM A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership by Tara R. Jiles October, 2013 James R. Dellaneve, Ed.D.—Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Jane Doe Student under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: James R. Dellaneve, Ed.D., Chairperson June Schmieder-Ramirez, Ph.D. Daryl Rowe, Ph.D. © Copyright by Tara R. Jiles (2013) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix DEDICATION .....................................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... xi VITA ................................................................................................................................. xii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 What is Independent Film? ......................................................................................3 Stereotypical Depictions of African Americans in Film..........................................5 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................11 Statement of the Purpose .......................................................................................13 Research Questions ................................................................................................15 Summary ................................................................................................................16 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................17 What is Independent “Indie” Film? .......................................................................17 Distribution ............................................................................................................18 Movie Maker Motivation .......................................................................................20 Black Impact on the Box Office ............................................................................38 Dissatisfaction with Stereotypical Black Images ...................................................41 How Negative Media Images Affect the Black Culture ........................................47 The Importance of Developing Our Own Black Characters ..................................61 Racist Values in Film .............................................................................................63 Summary ................................................................................................................66 Chapter 3: Methodology ....................................................................................................67 Research Design.....................................................................................................68 Process for the Collection of Data .........................................................................73 Definition of Analysis Unit ....................................................................................75 Data Collection Procedures ....................................................................................76 Data Gathering Instrument .....................................................................................78 Data Management ..................................................................................................79 Data Analysis .........................................................................................................80 Validity of Data Gathering Instrument ..................................................................82 Reliability of Data Gathering Instrument and Data Gathering Procedures ...........84 Summary ................................................................................................................87 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings .............................................................................88 Demographic Data .................................................................................................88 viii The Core Category: Strategies, Conditions, Consequences and Intervening Conditions ..............................................................................................................89 Open Coding of the Interviews and Finding Core Phenomenon ...........................90 ................................................................................................................................92 Research Question 1: Does the Filmmaker Use Their Films To Educate or Just Entertain? ...............................................................................................................92 Research question 2: What barriers impede on the creation of an independent Black film? and Research question 3: Will independent film ever be as widely received as large box office releases? ..................................................................117 Research Question 4: Does the Filmmaker Feel a Sense of Social Responsibility with Regard to the Content of Their Films? ........................................................138 Research question 5: Are there any negative stereotypes in film that have done damage to the Black culture? ...............................................................................138 Summary ..............................................................................................................145 Chapter 5: Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations .......................................147 Study Findings .....................................................................................................147 Demographics ......................................................................................................148 Core Phenomenon: Industry Driven Barriers ......................................................148 Stage 1: Marketing ...............................................................................................152 Stage 2: Distribution ............................................................................................166 Stage 3: Financing................................................................................................174 Stage 4: Artistic Expression .................................................................................180 Recommendations and Conclusions ....................................................................185 Summary ..............................................................................................................192 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................193 APPENDIX A: Interview Questions ...............................................................................207 APPENDIX B: Consent for Research Study ...................................................................210 APPENDIX C: Email Template to Solicit Participation in the Study .............................213 APPENDIX D: Completion of IRB Training Certificate ................................................215 APPENDIX E: IRB Approval Letter ...............................................................................216 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Research to interview question matrix ...........................................................82 Figure 2. Core Categories: Industry Driven Barriers .....................................................95 Figure 3. Illustration of Open Coding Themes ..............................................................98 x DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my dad, J.D. Jiles, who taught me the value of hard work, tenacity and dedication, and to my Brother, Jovan D. Jiles who always shows me the importance of happiness and an appreciation for life, and to my mom, Daria C. Jiles who has taught me to always persevere through adversity with courage and faith. xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God who has been my help and strength though
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