THE NATIONAL GAZETTEER. OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SOUTH DAKOTA 1989 THE NATIONAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SOUTH DAKOTA 1989 "The Pulpit," Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Apparently for farming, that is often spectacularly carved by water and wind into named for its resemblance to a ministerial pulpit, "The Pulpit" is an unusual landforms. On older maps of the area, badlands are indi- example of the complex features characteristic of South Dakota cated by the French name "Mauvaises Terres," which had the Badlands. In South Dakota, the term "badlands" is generally used to implied meaning of "bad-for-traveling lands." (Photograph by H.H. describe rough, broken country, devoid of vegetation and unsuited Darton, 1898, U.S. Geological Survey.) THE NATIONAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA- SOUTH DAKOTA 1989 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1200-SD Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director U.S. BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES Rupert B. Southard, Chairman Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The National gazetteer of the United States of America. South Dakota 1989 / prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. p. cm. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1200-SD) Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1200-SD 1. South Dakota Gazetteers. I. Geological Survey (U.S.) II. United States Board on Geographic Names. III. Series: Geological Survey professional paper : 1200-SD F624.N38 1989 917.83'003-dc20 89-600221 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 FOREWORD "The National Gazetteer of the United States of America" is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The two organiza­ tions have a long history of cooperation in establishing uniform usage of geographic names on Federal maps, charts, and other publications. This cooperation, which has been a blending of technical talent and field-gathered information, has been beneficial to the missions and programs of both organizations. The Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is responsible for establishing official names for use throughout the Federal Government. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for the preparation and maintenance of the series of base maps of the Nation's lands and waters and for the publication of reports detailing the results of investigations of the Nation's mineral, energy, land, and water resources. In addition to being a principal user of the official names determined by the BGN, the USGS, because of extensive field operations, has collected much of the information necessary for making the decisions establishing those names. The basis for the cooperation between the USGS and the BGN is the recognition that the use of standard geographic names is necessary for communication of geographic information. Geographic names are an essential part of our language and form a primary reference system that affects people every day of their lives. Geographic names have strong psychological significance because the names are associated with the processes of thought that give people the ability to understand the world around them. The names are used to identify cultural and administrative areas, to define political boundaries, and to determine property, mineral, and water rights. "The National Gazetteer of the United States of America" is the result of a long-term effort to provide a standard reference to the Nation's named places, features, and areas. As early as 1892, with the support of the newly organized Board on Geographic Names and as part of the National Mapping Program, the USGS began cataloging geographic names and producing a series of State gazetteers to assist in finding geographic features on atlas sheets produced by the USGS. Compilation was initially done by Henry Gannett, Chief Geogra­ pher, under the direction of John Wesley Powell, second Director of the Survey. Gannett was chairman of the BGN from 1894 until his death in 1914. Gazetteers for 12 States, Puerto Rico, the Territory of Alaska, and the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) were published between 1894 and 1906. However, large-scale topographic mapping, from which the name informa­ tion for the gazetteers was derived, was a slow process, and inadequate map coverage led to the suspension of the program. The USGS again began the systematic collection of geographic name information in 1976 when published, large-scale topographic maps were available for more than 70 percent of the country. This information is a major part of the computerized National Geographic Names Data Base. This volume of the USGS Professional Paper series "The National Gazetteer of the United States of America" is derived from that data base. Dallas L. Peck Rupert B. Southard Director, Chairman, U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Board on Geographic Names Department of the Interior U.S. BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES Rupert B. Southard, Chairman MEMBERS AS OF MARCH 1989 Department of State.......................................................Sandra Shaw, member William B. Wood, deputy Postal Service .........................................................Robert G. Krause, member Jack Thompson, deputy Phillip Pensabene, deputy Department of the Interior....................................... .Rupert B. Southard, member Joel L. Morrison, deputy Tracy A. Fortmann, deputy David E. Meier, deputy Department of Agriculture ..........................................Sterling J. Wilcox, member Anne M. Griesemer, deputy Donald D. Loff, deputy Department of Commerce .....................................Charles E. Harrington, member Richard L. Forstall, deputy Henry Tom, deputy Edward L. Gates, Jr., deputy Government Printing Office .......................................Robert C. McArtor, member S. Jean McCormick, deputy Library of Congress ............................................... .Ralph E. Ehrenberg, member Robert M. Hiatt, deputy Department of Defense ...........................................Thomas K. Coghlan, member Carl Nelius, deputy Lois A. Winneberger, deputy Central Intelligence Agency............................................... .David Wert, member Elaine Neal, deputy Wayne Kiyosaki, deputy Staff assistance for domestic geographic names provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Communications about domestic names should be addressed to the: Executive Secretary Domestic Geographic Names U.S. Board on Geographic Names 523 National Center Reston, VA 22092. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The geographic names information in the South Dakota volume of the National Gazetteer was compiled by the geographic names staff at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Va., and by students at South Dakota State University. The National Gazetteer program is directed by Donald J. Orth and Roger L. Payne. Robin Worcester provided necessary coordination for the final production of this volume of the gazetteer. Recognition is also given to Judy J. Stella and Louis A. Yost IV, who developed the specific procedures and software necessary to format the final copy, and to Jon C. Campbell, who provided the historical background research. CONTENTS Page Foreword................................................................................................................. V Members of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names ....................................................... VI Acknowledgments..................................................................................................... VI Introduction, by Donald J. Orth.................................................................................. IX U.S. Board on Geographic Names ......................................................................... IX U.S. Geological Survey ........................................................................................ X National Geographic Names Data Base .................................................................. X Guide to the Use of the Gazetteer ........................................................................ X U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-Minute Topographic Maps of South Dakota ..................... XIII South Dakota, by Jon C. Campbell.............................................................................. XX Glossary, by Roger L. Payne .......................................................................................XXVII The Gazetteer of South Dakota.................................................................................... SD1 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Frontispiece "The Pulpit," Badlands National Park, South Dakota .............................. II Figures 1-5. Maps of: 1. South Dakota counties........................................................................ XII 2. Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi, 1718 ............................. XXIII 3. Report of military reconnaissances in the Dacota country, 1855 ............... XXIV 4. Dakota, 1876.................................................................................... XXV 5. Dakota (southern half), 1883 ............................................................... XXVI THE