DOCSLIB.ORG

Provincial Response Plan Anbar Governorate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Provincial Response Plan Anbar Governorate Local Area Development Programme in Iraq Financed by the Implemented European Union by UNDP PROVINCIAL RESPONSE PLAN ANBAR GOVERNORATE December 2017 LADP in Iraq – Anbar PRP 2 LADP in Iraq – Anbar PRP FOREWORD BY THE GOVERNOR … 3 LADP in Iraq – Anbar PRP 4 LADP in Iraq – Anbar PRP CONTENT PRP Anbar Governorate Foreword by the Governor ............................................................................................................................... 3 Content ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Organisation of the PRP ............................................................................................................................... 11 2. Purpose of the PRP ...................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 11 4. PRP development process ........................................................................................................................... 12 I. Context .................................................................................................................................................. 15 1. Location and administrative division .......................................................................................................... 15 2. Geography and natural resources .............................................................................................................. 15 3. History and conflict ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1. Historical significance..................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2. Iraq war (2003–2011) and Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) ........................................................................... 19 3.3. Occupation by ISIL (2013–2017) ................................................................................................................... 20 II. Social profile .......................................................................................................................................... 22 1. Population .................................................................................................................................................... 22 2. Living conditions .......................................................................................................................................... 24 3. IDPs and returnees ...................................................................................................................................... 26 3.1. Profile .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 3.2. Challenges facing IDPs ................................................................................................................................... 27 3.3. Situation of IDPs in camps ............................................................................................................................. 28 3.4. Return process ............................................................................................................................................... 29 4. Disadvantaged host community groups ..................................................................................................... 30 4.1. Profile .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2. Social support services ................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3. Best practices ................................................................................................................................................. 31 III. Economic profile .................................................................................................................................... 33 1. Economy ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 2. Industry ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 3. Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................... 37 4. Commerce .................................................................................................................................................... 40 5. Tourism ......................................................................................................................................................... 41 6. Private sector ............................................................................................................................................... 43 7. Investment ................................................................................................................................................... 44 IV. Public service delivery ............................................................................................................................ 46 1. Transport network ....................................................................................................................................... 46 2. Electricity service ......................................................................................................................................... 53 3. Water supply service ................................................................................................................................... 54 4. Wastewater management ........................................................................................................................... 59 5. Waste management .................................................................................................................................... 62 6. Healthcare .................................................................................................................................................... 64 7. Education ..................................................................................................................................................... 69 5 LADP in Iraq – Anbar PRP V. Governorate Administration .................................................................................................................. 72 1. Governor and Governorate Council ............................................................................................................ 72 2. Governorate budget .................................................................................................................................... 72 3. Departments ................................................................................................................................................ 72 VI. SWOT analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 74 VII. Strategic objectives ................................................................................................................................ 75 VIII. Programmes (priority areas for development) ....................................................................................... 76 1. Programme 1: Activate peace building at the tribal and community level ................................................ 76 2. Programme 2: Ensure the return of IDPs ................................................................................................... 77 3. Programme 3: Create supporting environment for strengthening of societal links ................................ 79 4. Programme 4: Restore and improve the electricity service ...................................................................... 81 5. Programme 5: Restore and develop the water supply and wastewater service ..................................... 82 6. Programme 6: Expand and develop waste management.......................................................................... 83 7. Programme 7: Improve health services quality and access ...................................................................... 84 8. Programme 8: Improve
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IRAQ, YEAR 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
    IRAQ, YEAR 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018b; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018a; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 IRAQ, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Protests 1795 13 36 Conflict incidents by category 2 Explosions / Remote 1761 308 824 Development of conflict incidents from 2016 to 2020 2 violence Battles 869 502 1461 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 580 7 11 Conflict incidents per province 4 Riots 441 40 68 Violence against civilians 408 239 315 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 5854 1109 2715 Disclaimer 7 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from 2016 to 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 IRAQ, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology on what level of detail is reported. Thus, towns may represent the wider region in which an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province The data used in this report was collected by the Armed Conflict Location & Event is known.
    [Show full text]
  • Written Testimony for HB 437 – Marine Sergeant David R Christoff Memorial Highway David Volunteered for Duty the Day After
    Written Testimony for HB 437 – Marine Sergeant David R Christoff Memorial Highway David volunteered for duty the day after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attack on the World Trade Centers in New York City; he was motivated by the desire to protect the freedom and safety of those he loved. On February 22, 2002 he graduated from the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island as a Private First Class. He attended the School of Infantry at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and was then assigned with the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines, Bravo Company at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. David was promoted to Sergeant on October 1, 2004 and on his first deployment he served as Squad Leader in the second Battle of Fallujah code name “Operation Phantom Fury” which is considered to be the bloodiest battle of the Iraq war. After David returned from this deployment in March of 2005, he volunteered to transfer to the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines, Kilo Company because he felt there was still much work to be done in Iraq and he wanted to teach the younger Marines the hard lessons he had learned during his previous deployment. He served as Platoon Sergeant starting September 12, 2005 and was deployed to Haqlaniyah, Iraq on March 11, 2006. Upon returning from a foot patrol on May 22, 2006 David was killed by an improvised explosive device. He was laid to rest along with many other fallen heroes at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. During his 5 years he had the opportunity to serve, he made a lifetime of impressions on those he served with, many of whom have relayed stories of his courage, compassion and leadership, attributes he displayed on a daily basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Nighthawks Over Iraq: a Chronology of the F-117A Stealth Fighter in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
    NIGHTHAWKS OVER IRAQ: A CHRONOLOGY OF THE F-117A STEALTH FIGHTER IN OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM SPECIAL STUDY: 37FW/H0-91-1 SAUDI ARABIA OFFICE OF HISTORY HEADQUARTERS 37TH FIGHTER WING TWELFTH AIR FORCE TACTICAL AIR COMMAND ..,..... - . WlAI . t&WCfW¥ . 0 '~ j Nighthawks Over Iraq: A Chronology of the F-117A Stealth Fighter : ... in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm Special Study: 37FW/H0-91-l Compiled by: HAROLD P. MYERS, SMSgt (Ret) Historian Revised & Edited by: Reviewed by: ~~~-· VINCENT ~~R~~ ALTON C. WHITLEY SMSgt, USAF Colonel, USAF I Historian Commander Office of History Headquarters 37th Fighter Wing Twelfth Air Force Tactical Air Command Preface This unclassified account of the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing's accomplishments during Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM was prepared to permit members of the "Team Stealth" community to reflect with pride on their contribu­ tion to sustained world peace. They proved their mettle in battle and have earned the title of American warrior. It is a testament to their love for country and their willingness to sacrifice for the ideals they defend every day of their lives. The peoples of the United States and the entire Free World are forever in their debt. Nighthawks Over Iraq is based entirely on the contingency historical reports developed by SMSgt Phil Myers during his visit to Saudi Arabia as historian of the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing and the mission tally sheets developed by the wing's operations network. 2 On 5 October 1989, the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) relocated to Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, to take up the role as the Air Force's only Stealth Fighter unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 1 Msc Transportation Engineering Railroad Engineering College of Engineering University of Babylon
    Lecture 1 MSc Transportation Engineering Railroad Engineering College of Engineering University of Babylon Introduction to Railway Engineering • Railway Mode Of Transport • Early Beginnings • Railways in Iraq Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Hussein A. Ewadh 2017-2018 • Classification Schemes for Transportation Engineering Railways: Introduction • In this mode of transport, all vehicles use rail tracks to move from one point to another. • Vehicles consist of a long train of coaches attached to a locomotive. • The coaches and the locomotive have steel wheels which run on steel rail tracks. • The locomotive either uses diesel or use electricity as fuel (locomotives which run on coal are hardly used these days). • Since the rail tracks provide a dedicated right-of-way for the train services, these are good for high speed transit facilities. • Trains stop at pre-specified locations called stations. Important aspects related to the railway mode of transport • Safe and efficient operation and control of rail traffic. • Layout of rail tracks. • Structural design of the subgrade on which rail tracks run. • Planning of stations or terminals for railway vehicles. Early Beginnings • By the time steam locomotives came on the scene, in the early nineteenth century, wrought iron rails and later steel rails were developed which were strong enough to support these heavy axle loads without assistance from longitudinal timbers. • In essence the track itself, together with its supports, had and still has the basic function of safely transmitting the loads and forces imposed by passing trains to the ground beneath. • Various other civil engineering skills were also involved in the construction of early railways. These included the building of bridges, tunnels and gravity walls as well as extensive earthworks and drainage.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia Iraq
    40°0’0"E 42°30’0"E 45°0’0"E 47°30’0"E Yalnizbag Gasankend Sovetlyar Chakhar Gëkharli Te rc a n Anitli Balik Golu Suveren DZHERMUK Martuni Moranly Cayirli Hacibekir Eleskirt Eleskirtcilikân Karaköse Igdir Ararat Ararat Kyarki Vayots Dzor Gndevaz Pichanis Nagorno-karabakh Bejladjan Imamverdili Vtoroye Erzincan ERZINCAN Tepsicik Ahura Ger-Ger Saatly Sädäräk Malishka Armenia Zhdanovsk AkhmedliChakhirly Areni Ghai-kend Borisovka Minkend Armenia Bozoglak Alpkoy Pencirikkomu Te km a n Karayazi Tasliçay Golyuzu Golu Soylan Shusha Farsabad Frunze Tanyeri Günesgören Girberan AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Latchin Imichli Öztürkân Azatek Azizbekov Kargin Magara Haciomer Ilich Dyg Kemah Erzincan Caglayan Gokoglan Tutak Almalu Angekhakot Sisian AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Ordzhonikidze Bilesuvar Agri Diyadin Charchibogan Bartsruni Karacan Dogubayazit Zarkatun Kirovka Pulumur Erzurum Cherur Goris Aslanduz Novograzhdanovka Eskigedik Kasikli Karaseyidali Kagnili Khandek Fizuli Chalmeh Sürbahan Bazargan Pus’yan Karabaglar Chakhbuz Tazagyukh Syunik Goradiz Eleskirt Babash Kandi Pushkino Agalykend Ovacik Balpayam Aktuzla Pirzeynel Sust Dzhagry Kargapazar Qendeal Shakhtakhty Shakhbuz Dastakert Tatev Kubatly Bilesevar Hinis Binpinar Maku Kubatly Moradlu Tazakend Sowf’ali Arafsa Djebrail Larijan Balkiri Karaoglan Holik Bileci Baglarpinari Çatma Bebek ArmeniaArmenia Caylar Patnos Vodokhranilishche Gidrouzla Araks Khanlyk Soltanly Djalilabad Novogolovka Nazimiye Karliova Bayro Tujipazar Alikeykhaly Var to Malazgirt Bayazitaga Dash Feshel Nakhichevan’ Djulfa Shabadin Kafan Tunceli
    [Show full text]
  • Security and Internally Displaced People in Anbar Province, March 2015
    Topical Note Iraq: Security and internally displaced people in Anbar province, March 2015 Topical Note Iraq: Security and internally displaced people in Anbar province 3 MARCH 2015 1 This document is a translation of the thematic paper from LandInfo [The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre] with as original title “Irak: Sikkerhet og internt fordrevne i Anbar provins” published on 3 March 2015. This is an unofficial translation from Norvegian into English and was accomplished by Belgium’s Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons. The author of the report is not responsible for the translated report. For information on the report published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33A P.O. Box 8108 Dep NO-0032 Oslo Norway Tel: +47 23 30 94 70 E-mail: [email protected] www.landinfo.no Topical Note Iraq: Security and internally displaced people in Anbar province 3 MARCH 2015 2 SUMMARY The conflict that is currently unfolding in Anbar is very severe but has attracted less attention than the conflicts elsewhere in the country. During 2014 government forces and ISIL have fought over the control of the entire province. The civilian population has come under severe pressure. The hostilities and the belligerents’ direct targeting of civilians has led to thousands of civilians getting killed. About half a million individuals – one third of the province’s population – fled their homes in the period from January to September 2014. Daily life is strongly affected by the prevailing security situation. Drawn-out hostilities take place in areas of large population concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report Anbar Humanitarian Crisis Report #: 19 10 April 2014
    Situation Report Anbar Humanitarian Crisis Report #: 19 10 April 2014 The information presented in the Situation Report is based on data received from UN agencies and JAU up to the time of publishing Highlights Number of displaced stands at 71,184 families as per Government figures of 9th April 2014. The second round of the nationwide polio national days of immunization (NDIs) is currently under way. Various impediments to education of IDP children have been identified through the course of protection monitoring visits. Situation overview The conflict in Al-Anbar Province continues, while instability creeps into the north-central region of Iraq, with Diyala and Salah-Al-Din among the most affected provinces. The nature of the conflict evolves, with increasing cases of Armed Opposition Group (AOG) maintaining territorial control on ground. The situation in the North Central Region is critical with AOG attacks witnessed in major cities of Salah Al Din Province, while regular clashes and intense ISF operations focused in the Ramadi-Abu Ghraib corridor. Humanitarian actors’ focus is no longer Al-Anbar-centric, however is becoming broader in terms of necessary immediate response to the humanitarian situation. The Minister of Water Resources announced during a press conference that ISIS who is in control of the Fallujah Dam has released the dam’s gates to allow for water to flow downstream. Reports indicate this move could be attributed to the dam’s rising water levels possibly flooding their escape routes if the advancing ISF were to drive them from the area. The releasing of the gates was reported by the Chairperson of the Water Resources Committee in Babylon who confirmed the water crisis has ended and water has now reached the entire region.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq After the Surge I: the New Sunni Landscape
    IRAQ AFTER THE SURGE I: THE NEW SUNNI LANDSCAPE Middle East Report N°74 – 30 April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 2 II. AL-QAEDA IN IRAQ’S SELF-DEFEATING MUTATION..................................... 2 A. THE U.S. OFFENSIVE AND AL-QAEDA IN IRAQ’S OVERREACH ..............................................2 B. THE AL-QAEDA IN IRAQ/INSURGENCY SPLIT ........................................................................5 III. THE TRIBES’ RETURN TO PROMINENCE ......................................................... 10 A. FROM SADDAM TO THE OCCUPATION..................................................................................10 B. THE TRIBAL AWAKENINGS (SAHWAT)..................................................................................11 C. UNDERSTANDING THE SAHWAT PHENOMENON.....................................................................12 IV. THE STATE OF THE SUNNI INSURGENCY ........................................................ 16 A. A REVERSAL OF FORTUNES.................................................................................................16 B. INSURGENCY DOWN BUT NOT OUT .....................................................................................19 C. CAN THE U.S. AND INSURGENT GROUPS NEGOTIATE? ........................................................23 V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq's Evolving Insurgency and the Risk of Civil
    Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775-3270 • Fax: 1 (202) 457-8746 Web: http://www.csis.org/burke Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency and the Risk of Civil War Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy [email protected] With the Assistance of Eric M. Brewer & Sara Bjerg Moller Rough Working Draft for Outside Comment Revised: June 22, 2006 Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. All further dissemination and reproduction must be done with the written permission of the CSIS Cordesman: Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency 6/22/06 Page ii Executive Summary Later Coalition reporting has shown that the insurgency managed to increase the average number of weekly attacks during the period from around 470 in mid-2005 to 620 in May 2006, and succeeded in triggering a steady increase in civil violence and sectarian and ethnic conflict. While Coalition casualties averaged under 20 per day from the spring of 2005 to the spring of 2006, even a partial count of Iraqi casualties rose from less than 60 per day during February 2005 to February 2006 to 78 per day during February though May 2006.1 The quarterly reports that the Department of Defense issued to Congress do not seem to count many low-level incidents and types of civil violence.2 They omit coverage of major problem areas like Arab-Kurdish ethnic violence in the Kirkuk area, and Shi'ite violence in the Basra area. They still, however, report serious increases in civil conflict and the fact that most Iraqis came to see Shi'ite and Kurdish militias as a growing threat to security by the spring of 2006.3 Even the Coalition's partial count of Iraqi civilian casualties showed an increase from 10% of its national total in January 2006 to 13% in March 2006, and from 10% to 18% in Baghdad.
    [Show full text]
  • UNCLA$$IFIED FOUO €'Eerelf#|€Tferli
    UNCLA$$IFIEDffi trtltJo rABLEoF coNrENrs PAGE #l DA FORM 1574 #; APPOINTMENT MEMO C. INTRODUCTION ut Backgroundand Organization ln Constraintsand Limitations iv Process vi D. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I Reporting I Training and CommandClimate t9 SECTIONI Reporting Facts and Observations 24 Reporting Requirements 24 Actual Reporting 27 Analvsis 45 Timely, Accurate, and Complete Reporting 45 Appropriatenessof Follow-on Action 47 Obstaclesto Reporting and Appropriate Follow-on Action 3t Findines 6l Recommendations 65 I €rii€iit#I#al{)l€RlL UNCLA$$!IIID l5rune2006(Final)000001 FOUO Bargewell Discovery 00004 UNCLAS$iFIED-s€cRF:tN'CtFbFN- SECTIONII FffiUO Training and Command Climate PAGE Analysis 68 Question#1 68 Question#2 73 Question#3 76 Question#4 80 Finllines 86 Recorunendations 88 E. ENCLOSURES A.J II UNCLA$$IFIED@ 15rune2oo6(Final) [| (}[}[}oa FOUO Bargewell Discovery 00005 UNCLA$$IFIEDS€€R##'?qOFORti- FOUO INTRODUCTION (U) Backsroundand Orgnization l. (U) On 19March 2006, I wasappointed by LieutenantGeneral Peter W. Chiarellito conduct an informalArmy Regulation(AR) 15-6investigation into two areasrelated to the circumstances surroundingthe patrol from CompanyK, 3d Battalion,lst Marinesthat was subject to an ImprovisedExplosive Device (IED) andsmallarms fire (SAF)attack in Haditha,Iraq on l9 November2005. First,I wasto examinethe official reporting of the eventsof 19November 2005at all levelsof commandup to MNC-I andresulting follow-on actions. Second, I wasto reviewthe training the Marinesreceived in the rulesof engagement(ROE), the law of armed conflict(LOAC), andexamine whether the commandclimate encouraged the disciplined applicationof ROEand LOAC. Zltfuutnrury of InvestigationsUndertaken: \') a. (U) On 14February 2006,Lieutenant General Chiarelli directed ColonelG.A. Watt, USA, to conductan AR l5-6 investigation[Watt investigation]into the underlyingevents sunoundingthe killing of noncombatantsin Haditha,Iraq on l9 November 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Clearing Improvised Landmines in Iraq
    Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 21 Issue 1 The Journal of Conventional Weapons Article 4 Destruction Issue 21.1 April 2017 MAG: Clearing Improvised Landmines in Iraq Chris Loughran MAG (MAG (Mines Advisory Group)) Sean Sutton MAG (Mines Advisory Group) Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Loughran, Chris and Sutton, Sean (2017) "MAG: Clearing Improvised Landmines in Iraq," Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction: Vol. 21 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol21/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 42° Hakkâri 44° 46° 48° Daryacheh-ye- -- - Mianeh-- Orumiyeh Orumiyeh Q e (Umia) (Lake Urmia) ze -- l O Zakhu wz - an DAHUK -- Al Qamishli-- Dahuk- Miandowab 'Aqrah Rayat-- - ab Zanjan Al Mawsil Z t - a A (Mosul) e A Sinjar (Mosul) r G S S Tall 'Afar - - S S 36 Ar Raqqah Arbil UU ° NINAWÁ 36 - LL ° r Kuysanjaq - A u Al Qayyarah - - b Makhmur Y a b a h Z M K e l Al Hadr tl a it L As r N -- h a Sulaymaniyah - Y Sanandaj Dayr
    [Show full text]
  • Karstification and Related Problems, Examples from Iraq ﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ
    Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining Vol.3, No.2, 2007 p 1 −−− 12 KARSTIFICATION AND RELATED PROBLEMS, EXAMPLES FROM IRAQ Varoujan K. Sissakian * and Hala A. Al-Mousawi ** ABSTRACT Karstification is a common phenomenon in different parts of Iraq, where large areas are involved, causing severe damages to infrastructures and occasionally life losses. The main Karstified rocks are limestone and gypsum. The latter is restricted to the Fat`ha Formation, which covers considerable parts of Iraq, especially in the Al-Jazira vicinity. Whereas, the former is exposed in different formations that are exposed almost every where. Among the involved formations are Euphrates, Anah, Dammam, Ratgah, Pilaspi, Aqra – Bekhme, Qamchuqa… etc. Among Quaternary deposits, the gypcrete is another potential deposits that are highly karstified after being in contact, shortly, by water. The gypcrete also covers considerable parts in Iraq. Beside the economic lost caused due to karstification, some death causalities are also recorded. Moreover, in the Western Desert, karstification plays big role in miss leading the stratigraphic position of different horizons within different Jurassic and Cretaceous formations, making them in very complex situation, although they are in horizontal (not folded) position. ﺍﻝﺘﺨﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ، ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﺠﺎﻥ ﺨﺎﺠﻴﻙ ﺴﻴﺴﺎﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻁﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺇ ﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﻭﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻭﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ . ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺨﺴﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺒﺴﻴﺔ . ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘ ﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻐﻁﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ . ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﺕ، ﻋﻨﺔ، ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺎﻡ ، ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻜﺔ، ﺒﻴﻼﺴﺒﻲ، ﻋﻘﺭﺓ – ﺒﺨﻤﺔ ، ﻗﻤﺠﻭﻗﺔ ..
    [Show full text]