Using Conceptual Maps in Introductory

•Identify 10-15 key concepts or topics in the course –Classical vs. operant conditioning –Genetics and environmental interactions –Types of forgetting –Theoretical Perspectives –Cognitive, Social and Moral development –Descriptive, Correlational and Experimental Methods –Neuronal vs. synaptic transmission –Processes in human –Altered states of consciousness –Theories of dreaming –Schedules of reinforcement – structures and functions

Pick 5 to review  Write the concept or topic at the top of a piece of blank paper  In your own words, write an explanation or definition for each concept  Do not use your text or notes  Draw a web, or use a chart where possible  Include names where important  Compare your response to your text or notes and edit  Sequence and number each page from 1=most important to 5=least important in terms of your study time

Do the whole process again for the next group of concepts Integrate the numbering to guide you in scheduling what to work on first

Example of a Conceptual Map

Development

Prenatal Infancy and Childhood

Genetics Environment Attachment XX=girl teratogen sets limits XY=boy FAS enviro influences from sperm bio & env interact

Cognitive Moral Psychosocial

Piaget Vygotsky Kohlberg Erikson

Piaget Vygotsky

Stages: Continual, gradual process 1. Sensorimotor •Birth to 2 yrs Zone of proximal development •Object perm. -Experience can change 2. Preoper’tl development within limits of •2-7 years biological maturation •Centration 3. Concrete Theory of Mind Operational -understanding other people’s •7-12 years thinking •Conservation -similar to egocentrism 4. Formal operational •>12 years  abstract thought

Erikson Kohlberg Stages: Stages: 1.Trust/mistrust <1 year Preconventional •1.punishment/obey 2. Autonomy vs. •2. rewards shame/doubt (1-2 yrs) Conventional •3. Good child 3. Intitiative vs. guilt (3-5 yrs) •4. Law & order 4. Industry vs. inferiority (6-12yrs) Post-conventional *5. Social contract 5. Identity vs. role *6. Abstract ethics confusion (12-20yrs)

Criticisms: 6. Intimacy vs. isolation (20-40yrs) -Western cultural bias 7. Generativity vs. -gender bias stagnation (40-65yrs) 8. Integrity/despair (65+ years)

Perspectives in Psychology 1

Behavioral Cognitive Biological

John B. Watson Jean Piaget Charles Darwin B.F. Skinner H. Ebbinghaus Karl Lashley

Thorndike's functionalism role of genetics, law of effect sociobiology

operant vs. structuralism brain-behavior classical conditioning Wundt & Titchener relations

behavior Gestalt psychology hormones, modification neurotransmitters

observation and memory evolutionary empiricism psychology

Perspectives in Psychology 2

Sociocultural Humanistic Psychodynamic attitudes and Sigmund Freud attributions cross-cultural self-actualization importance of differences early childhood individualism, internal personality drives collectivism processes

conformity, conscious motives, unconscious attraction free will aggression, self-concept defense mechanisms norms