SP 20 (1991): Handbook on Masonry Design and Construction [CED 13: Building Construction Practices Including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing]

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SP 20 (1991): Handbook on Masonry Design and Construction [CED 13: Building Construction Practices Including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing] इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान का अधकार, जी का अधकार” “परा को छोड न 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” SP 20 (1991): Handbook on Masonry Design and Construction [CED 13: Building Construction Practices including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing] “ान $ एक न भारत का नमण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी चराया नह जा सकताह ै”ै Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” HANDBOOK ON MASONRY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (First Revision) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 SP 20(S&T) : 1991 FIRST PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 1981 FIRST REVISION MARCH 1991 0 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS 1991 UDC 693 ISBN 81-7061-029-X PRICE Rs 200.00 PRINTED IN INDlA AT KAPOOR ART PRESS, A3813 MAYAPURI, NEW DELHI AND PUBLISHED BY BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS, NEW DELHI 110002 . COMPOSITION dF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS (SCIP) Chairman DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA Vice-Chancellar University of Roorkee Roorkee Members Representing Dr M. Ramaiah Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Madras Dr R. K. Bhandari Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri V. Rao Aiyagari Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi Shri Harish Chandra Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri M. L. Mehta Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants (India) Ltd, Ranchi Shri S. K. Datta (Alfernare) Shri J. D. Chaturvedi Planning Commission, New Delhi Shri J. Venkataraman Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (Member Secretary~ As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank FOREWORD Users of various civil en ineering codes have been feeling the need for explanatory handbooks and ot i er compilations based on Indian Standards. The need has been further emphasized in view of the first publication of the National Building Code of India in 1970 (which has since been revised in 1983) and its implementation. The Expert Group set up in 1972 by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India carried out in-depth studies in various areas of civil engineering and construction practices. During the preparation of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in 1975, the Group was assigned the task of producing a Science and Technology Plan for research, development and extension work in the sector of housing and construction technology. One of the items of this plan was the formulation of design handbooks,‘explanatory handbooks and design aids based on the National Building Code and various lndian Standards and other activities in the promotion of the National Building Code. The Expert Group gave high priority to this item and on the recommendation of the Department of Science and Technology, the Planning Commission approved the following two projects which were assigned to the Bureau of Indian Standards (erstwhile Indian Standards Institution): a) Development programme on code implementation for building and civil engineering construction, and b) Typification for industrial buildings. A special committee for Implementation of Science and Technology Projects (SClP) consisting of experts connected with different aspects was set up in 1974 to ‘advise the BIS Directorate General in identifying and for guiding the development of the work. Under the first project, the Committee has identified several subjects for preparing explanatory hadbooks/compilations covering appropriate .Indian Standards/codes specifications which include the following: *Handbooks Published: I. Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456 : 1978 (SP 16 : 1980) 2. Explanatory Handbook on Codes of Earthquake Engineering (1s 1893 : 1975 and IS 4326 : 1976) (SP 22 : 1982) 3. Handbook on Concrete Mixes (SP 23 : 1982) 4. Explanatory Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete (IS 456 : 1978) (SP 24 : 1983) Handbook on Causes and Prevention of Cracks in Buildings (SP 25 : 1984) Summaries of Indian Standards for Building Materials (SP 21 : 1983) Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing (SP 34 : 1987) Handbook on Functional Requirements of lndustrial Buildings (Lighting and Ventilation) (SP 32 : 1986) 9. Handbook on Timber Engineering (SP 33 : 1986) 10. Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage with Special Emphasis on Plumbing (SP 35 : 1987) I I. Handbook on Functional Requirements of Buildings (other than Industrial Buildings) (SP 41 : 1987) S&iects Under Programme: --Foundation of Buildings --Construction Safety Practices Building Construction Practices *Handbooks published are available for sale from BIS Headquarters, and from all Branches and Regianal Offices of BE. -Formwork -Fire Safety -Tall Buildings -Loading Code The Explanatory Handbook on Masonry Code SP 20 (S&T) was first published in 1981 to provide commentary on various clauses of Part Vl, Section 4 of National Building Code of India 1970 (which was based on IS 1905 : 1969 version) with the object of promoting and facilitating the use of the masonry code. The handbook has been found to be very helpful to professional engineers. This handbook while providing commentary on various clauses highlighted certain improvements modifications that were needed in the basic code (IS 1905 : 1969). Subsequent to publication of the handbook, the code (IS 1905) was revised in 1980 (IS 1905 : 1980) taking into consideration the recommendations contained in the handbook (see also Introduction). The code was further revised in 1987 as a result of the experience gained with the use of 1980 version of the code and also other developments in other parts of the world in the design and construction refinements of masonry structures. The revision of the handbook was also taken up simultaneously along with the revision of the code to make it up-to-date. At the same time it was felt that it would be helpful and handy to professionals if information relating to construction practices based on various Indian Standards on masonry was also included along with the commentary. Therefore masonry construction practices have now been included in the revised handbook and the title of the handbook has been changed accordingly. The revised handbook is in two parts. Part I gives commentary on ‘IS 1905 : 1987 Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced masonry (second revision)’ along with design examples (IS 1905 : 1987 has also been included in the National Building Code Part VI, Section 4 Masonry through amendment No. 2) and Part 2 gives all construction aspects relating to masonry construction based on relevant Indian Standards and other literature available on the subject. The following points are to be kept in view while using the handbook: 4 Wherever the expression ‘The Code’ has been used in the handbook, it refers to IS 1905 : 1987. b) Part 1 of the handbook is to be read along with IS 1905 : 1987. c) The clause numbers in Part I of handbook refer to the corresponding clause numbers in IS 1905 : 1987. The clauses are explained in the same sequence as / they occur in IS 1905 : 1987. When there are no comments to a particular clause, the same has been omitted. 1 4 For convenience figures and tables appearing in Part of the handbook are identified with Prefix ‘E’ to distinguish them from those used in the code. For example, Figure E-3 refers to the figure in the handbook whereas Figure 3 refers to that given in the Code. Where a clause is pre-fixed by letter ‘E’, it refers to comments on that clause in the handbook. e) Notations as per IS 1905 : 1987 are maintained with additional notations wherever necessary. f) The handbook does not form part of any Indian Standard on the subject and does not have the status of an Indian Standard. Wherever there is any dispute about the interpretation or opinion expressed in this handbook, the provisions of the Code(s) only shall apply; the provisions of this handbook should be considered as only supplementary and informative. g) References cited have been listed at the end of each part of the handbook. The handbook, it is hoped would be useful to practising engineers and field engineers in the design and construction of masonry work. It would also be helpful to students of civil engineering to acquaint themselves with the various provistons of the basic Code on masonry and construction practices. The handbook is based on first draft revision prepared by Shri M. S. Bhatia, retired Engineer-in-Chief, Central Public Works Department (Government of (vi) India). The draft handbook was circulated for review to Central Public Works Department, New Delhi; Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi; Sr. Civil Engineer (Design), Northern Railway, New Delhi; National Buildings Organization, New Delhi; Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee;
Recommended publications
  • Brick Masonry Brick
    Brick Masonry Brick • Brick is a basic building unit which is in the form of rectangular block in which length to breadth ratio is 2 but height can be different. • Normal size (nominal size) • 9''×4½" ×3" • Architectural size (Working size) • 81⅟16" x 4⁵⁄₁₆" x 21⅟16" • Brick Masonary The art of laying bricks in mortor in a proper systematic manner gives homogeneous mass which can withstand forces without disintigration, called brick masonary. Terminology: The surfaces of a brick have names: Top and bottom surfaces are beds. Ends are headers and header faces. Sides are stretchers or stretcher faces. Bricks are the subject of British Standard BS 3921. Brick Sizes A standard metric brick has coordinating dimensions of 225 x 112.5 x 75 mm (9''×4½" ×3“) called nominal size and working dimensions (actual dimensions) of 215 x 102.5 x 65 mm (8.5“ * 4 *2.5) called architectural size Brick Sizes Brick Sizes The coordinating dimensions are a measure of the physical space taken up by a brick together with the mortar required on one bed , one header face and one stretcher face. The working dimensions are the sizes to which manufacturers will try to make the bricks. Methods of manufacture for many units and components are such that the final piece is not quite the size expected but it can fall within the defined limits. This can be due to the things like shrinkage, distortion when drying out, firing etc. The difference between the working and coordinating dimensions of a brick is 10mm (0.5“)and this difference is taken up with the layer of mortar into which the bricks are pressed when laying.
    [Show full text]
  • Wall Tiling Installation Guide
    Wall Tiling Installation Guide February 2017 1 Important Notes 3 Internal Wall Substrates 4-5 Planning 6 General Information 7-8 Installing: Glass tiles. 9-11 Glass tiles with Painted backs & Protective Layers. Installing: Installing Glass Mosaics. 12-15 Installing Glass & Slate Mosaics. Installing Crackle Glaze tiles. 16-17 Installing Glazed Ceramic & Porcelain tiles. 18-19 Installing Mother of Pearl. 20-21 Installing Floor tiles on a wall. 21 Product Notes. 22 Glossary. 22 Substrate Preparation Guide. 23 Tile Essentials Product Selector – Glazed Wall Tiles. 24-26 Tile Essentials Product Selector – Stone / Slate / Mother of Pearl. 27-28 Tile Essential Product Selector – Glass Wall Tiles. 29-30 Tile Essential Product Selector – Floor Tiles. 30 Sealants and Finishes. 31 2 Important Notes The purpose of this booklet is to outline the basic principles of installing Fired Earth wall tiles. This is intended as a guide, we would always recommend you refer to British Standard BS 5385 Wall and Floor Tiling for more detailed technical information. Prior to installation please ensure the tiles purchased are suitable for the application and thoroughly inspected. Ensure your tiler is aware of the expected finish of the tiles and there are sufficient tiles for the area. The tiles must be well shuffled by drawing tiles from all the boxes. Dry lay an area in suitable light as a final check before installation. For further information or if any doubt exists, please telephone our Technical Department for advice prior to commencing any tiling. Fired Earth have tested our range of adhesives, grout and sealants to ensure compatibility with all of our tiles (see our Product Selector on pages 25 to 31).
    [Show full text]
  • Brickwork and Modern Methods of Construction
    January 2020 BRICKWORK AND MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION Brick Development Association www.brick.org.uk BRICKWORK & MMC 2 Contents Page INTRODUCTION 03 MMC DEFINITIONS 04 HISTORY OF BRICKWORK MMC 05 SLIP PANEL SYSTEMS - INDIVIDUAL SLIPS 06 - PANEL SYSTEMS 07 - RAIL AND TILE 08 PRECAST CONCRETE 09 PRE FABRICATED COMPONENTS 10 ROBOTICS 11 DESIGN & SPECIFICATION 12 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 15 SEVERELYBRICKWORK EXPOSED & MMC BRICKWORK 3 INTRODUCTION In construction there is a continuous desire to build projects to a higher quality, on a shorter timescale and at a reduced cost. The government's Construction Sector Deal challenges the industry to reduce construction cost by 1/3 and construction time by 1/2, whilst improving quality. One of the key drivers identified to achieve these targets is the development and expansion of Modern Methods of Construction. Brick manufacturers have been at the forefront of developing MMC systems for several years. Clay brick has undergone a dramatic transformation during the 20th century. From solid wall construction to the modern cavity wall, with improved levels of insulation and reduced water penetration. CAUTION REQUIRED The sector needs to be mindful that during the push for quicker and cheaper we don't compromise the quality of what is built, as has happened with previous attempts to develop MMC. One of the principal benefits of hand laid clay brick is that it has a very long history of quality performance with a large and proven supply chain. Assessing when it is appropriate to use a MMC system, to gain maximum Traditional solid wall construction benefits, has historically been a complex issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Superfixall My
    SUPERFIXALL MY HIGH STRENGTH CEMENT-BASED ADHESIVE KEY Features Performance Properties Typical properties conducted at 22oC and 50% RH – High bond strength Cementitious grey or white Appearance – No odour powder – Economical Wet Density approx. 1.55 g/cm3 – Easy to clean Mixing Ratio 6.5 to 7 litres of water – Non-toxic 25 kg powder – Easy to spread Pot Life 2 hours – Thick and thin bed applications Open Time 30 minutes Tensile Strength ≥ 0.5 MPa DESCRIPTION After Immersion ≥ 0.5 MPa Superfixall MY is normal cementitious adhesive with Heat Ageing ≥ 0.5 MPa extended open time. It is an exceptionally high strength Open time at 30 cement based adhesive developed to bond all types of ≥ 0.5 MPa minutes ceramic tiles. Ideal for bonding monocottura and fully vitrified tiles, as well as natural stone, marble, granite and mosaic tiles onto brickwork, cement render and MIXING concrete walls and floors. 25 kg of Superfixall MY powder requires approximately 6.5 to 7.0 litres of clean water. CLASSIFICATION / STANDARDS BS EN12004 CLASSIFICATION Add the measured amount of clean water into a clean C1 Normal Cementitious Adhesive container and gradually pour Superfixall MY into the E Adhesive with extended open time water while continuously mix using electric paddle mixer. Eliminate lumps. Mixed thoroughly until homogeneous, SUITABLE SUBSTRATES thick tooth paste consistency is obtained. Let it stand • Concrete for 2 minutes and mix again. The adhesive is now ready • Cement render to use. • Brickwork • Blockwork Superfixall MY can be used as two (2) part system especially for installation of difficult bonding tiles such as SUBstrate preparation mosaic, porcelain and vitrified tiles.
    [Show full text]
  • MASON (Building Constructor)
    CURRICULUM FOR THE TRADE OF MASON (Building Constructor) UNDER APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING SCHEME (ATS) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENURESHIP DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TRAINING 1 CONTENTS Sl. No. Topics Page No. 1. Acknowledgement 03 2. Background 04 – 05 2.1 Apprenticeship Training under Apprentice Act 1961 2.2 Changes in Industrial Scenario 2.3 Reformation 3. Rationale 06 4. Job roles: reference NCO 07 5. General Information 08 6. Course structure 09 – 10 7. Syllabus 11 – 27 7.1 Basic Training 7.1.1 Detail syllabus of Core Skill A. Block-I (Engg. drawing & W/ Cal. & Sc.) B. Block-II (Engg. drawing & W/ Cal. & Sc.) 7.1.2 Detail syllabus of Professional Skill & Professional Knowledge A. Block – I B. Block – II 7.1.3 Employability Skill 7.1.3.1 Syllabus of Employability skill A. Block – I B. Block – II 7.2 Practical Training (On-Job Training) 7.2.1 Broad Skill Component to be covered during on-job training. A. Block – I B. Block – II Assessment Standard 28 – 30 8.1 Assessment Guideline 8. 8.2 Final assessment-All India trade Test (Summative assessment) 9. Further Learning Pathways 31 2 10. Annexure-I – Tools & Equipment for Basic Training 32 – 35 11. Annexure-II – Infrastructure for On-Job Training 36 12. Annexure-III - Guidelines for Instructors & Paper setter 37 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The DGT sincerely express appreciation for the contribution of the Industry, State Directorate, Trade Experts and all others who contributed in revising the curriculum. Special acknowledgement to the following industries/organizations who have contributed valuable inputs in revising the curricula through their expert members: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Deliverable D 4.1 Specification for Laboratory Specimens and Testing
    NEW INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE BASED NIKER APPROACHES TO THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL Grant Agreement n° HERITAGE FROM EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED RISK 244123 Deliverable D 4.1 Specification for laboratory specimens and testing strategies on walls Due date: September 2010 Submission date: 15/09/2010 Issued by: BAM/ZRS WORKPACKAGE 4: Optimization of design for vertical elements Partners: UNIPD, ITAM, NTUA, POLIMI, UMINHO, UPC, CDCU, S&B, ZRS, MONU Leader: BAM PROJECT N°: 244123 ACRONYM: NIKER TITLE: New integrated knowledge based approaches to the protection of cultural heritage from earthquake-induced risk COORDINATOR: Università di Padova (Italy) START DATE: 01 January 2010 DURATION: 36 months INSTRUMENT: Collaborative Project Small or medium scale focused research project THEME: Environment (including Climate Change) Dissemination level: PU Rev: FIN NEW INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE BASED NIKER APPROACHES TO THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL Grant Agreement n° HERITAGE FROM EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED RISK 244123 INDEX 1 INTRODUCTION AND GOALS OF THE WORK PACKAGE ................................................... 1 2 VERTICAL ELEMENTS UNDER EARTHQUAKE LOAD ......................................................... 2 2.1 Material properties .............................................................................................................. 2 2.1.1 Masonry materials and masonry ..................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Composite characteristics of masonry ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Brickwork Highway Structures
    Modern Brickwork Highway Structures S. W. Garrity, University of Bradford, England Clay brickwork is set to reemerge as a major structural way structures such as earth retaining walls, short-span material with the growing emphasis on designing aesthet• arch bridges and bridge abutments, piers, parapets, and ically pleasing highway structures with low maintenance wingwalls. The following aspects of brickwork con• costs. This paper addresses the use of clay brickwork con• struction are considered: struction for new highway structures such as earth retain• 1. Critical review of existing brickwork highway ing walls, short-span arch bridges and bridge abutments, structures, piers, parapets, and wingwalls. The performance of exist• 2. Design requirements for new brickwork highway ing masonry structures is appraised, the principal design structures, requirements for new brickwork structures are identified, 3. Plain or unreinforced brickwork, and recent research and development is summarized. Two 4. Reinforced brickwork, recently completed bridges with major elements of struc• 5. Prestressed brickwork, and tural clay brickwork construction are described in brief. 6. Case studies of Foxcovert Road Bridge and Kim- bolton Butts Bridge. any of the canal and railway structures built EXISTING BRICKWORK HIGHWAY STRUCTURES in Britain during the eighteenth and nine• M teenth centuries, such as earth retaining walls, If highway and bridge engineers are to consider clay viaducts, arch bridges, and tunnel linings, were of un- brickwork for use as a structural material, they must reinforced clay brickwork construction. Although most develop modern designs that retain the benefits of old of these structures have been under very severe exposure forms of brickwork construction but overcome the lim• conditions for long periods, many are still in service.
    [Show full text]
  • Unglazed Mosaics COLORBODY™ PORCELAIN TILE Unglazed Mosaics
    unglazed mosaics COLORBODY™ PORCELAIN TILE unglazed mosaics Always a classic, American Olean’s Unglazed ColorBody Porcelain Mosaics provide unlimited options for virtually any space. From sophisticated neutrals to saturated deep tones to crisp, contemporary brights, the palette delivers on today’s color trends. The size and shape options complete the design story, while standard and custom pattern options offer true freedom of expression. Photo features Leopard Blend 1 x 1 mosaics on the wall. FIELD TILE Biscuit Salt & Pepper Willow Willow Speckled Buff Granite Cocoa Vanilla Cream Cappuccino A13 (1) v:ul A12 (1) ul A91 (1) vul A94 (1) vul A52 (1) A89 (1) v A95 (1) q: A78 (1) Artichoke Glacier Light Smoke Light Smoke Ice White Almond Mushroom Mushroom A63 (1) q A62 (1) q A43 (1) :ul Speckled A25 (2) :ul A24 (2) :vul A38 (2) Speckled A41 (2) A04 (1) ul Nutmeg Nutmeg Speckled Marshmallow Lemon Chiffon Spearmint Dill Pickle Ocean Tide Storm Gray A37 (2) q A39 (2) q A65 (2) q A44 (2) q A71 (2) q A83 (2) q A60 (2) vq A22 (2) vul Storm Gray French Roast French Roast Cinnabar Bimini Blue Summer Rain Charcoal Black Speckled A15 (3) q Speckled A42 (3) vq A85 (3) vq A81 (3) q A33 (3) A34 (3) :vl A06 (2) ul A26 (3) q Sapphire Sky Sapphire Sky Key Lime Lemon Drop Peacock Blue Red Orange Fizz R08 (4) Speckled R97 (4) R98 (4) A08 (4) q R26 (S) q R99 (S) q A09 (4) q : Available in 1 x 1 hexagon v Available with abrasive content made to order u Available in 2 x 1 and 2 x 4 stocked l Available in 2" hexagon made to order q Made-to-order (1) (2) (3) (4) (S) indicate price group, (1) being the least expensive.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortars for Brickwork – Selection and Quality Assurance
    TECHNICAL NOTES on Brick Construction 8B 12007 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 430, Reston, Virginia 20191 | www.gobrick.com | 703-620-0010 March 2020 Mortars for Brickwork – Selection and Quality Assurance Abstract: This Technical Note discusses the selection and specification of mortar Type. Key Words: bond strength, extent of bond, lime, masonry cement, mortar, mortar cement, portland cement, quality assurance, sand, testing, workability. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS: • Select a mortar Type with the lowest compressive strength • Create a quality assurance program, where appropriate, to meeting project requirements obtain consistent mortar • Select mortar appropriate for application, project conditions • Follow recommended procedure and sequence for mixing and workability mortar • Type N mortar is recommended for normal use, including • Measure mortar materials by volume most veneer applications INTRODUCTION Selection of an appropriate mortar helps to ensure durable brickwork that meets performance expectations. Mortar Type and mortar material selection should consider multiple aspects of a project, including design, brick or masonry materials, exposure, and required level of workmanship. Improper mortar selection may lead to lower performance of the finished project. This Technical Note provides guidance for selecting the appropriate mortar Type. It also describes a quality assurance program to ensure the desired results. Technical Note 8 addresses specific properties of mortar, mortar materials and their selection, as well as the specification of mortar. Technical Note 7B discusses placing of mortar and tooling of mortar joints. SELECTION OF MORTAR Mortar bonds individual brick units together to function as a single element. In its hardened state, mortar must be durable and must help resist moisture penetration. Mortar also must have certain properties in its plastic state so it is both economical and easy to place.
    [Show full text]
  • APSR 2018 (Building)
    PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT ARUNACHAL PRADESH 2018 SCHEDULE OF RATES FOR BUILDING WORKS AND SERVICES ZERO LEAD BASED (EXCLUDING CARRIAGE COST) PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER (CSQ) P.W.D, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ITANAGAR FOREWORD The Arunachal Pradesh Schedule of Rates and Analysis of Rates covering the items of building works and services was last published in the year 2014. The Schedule of Rates provides a basic frame work to evaluate cost estimate of the projects. Over the period of last few years, the prices of labour and materials have increased appreciably necessitating revision of the existing Schedule of Rates. The Arunachal Pradesh Schedule of Rates (APSR 2018) and Analysis of Rates (APAR 2018) for Building Works and Services is brought out after updating the basic rates of materials to present market rates. The important establishments in the state where major construction activities take place are scattered in different locations with varying distance from the foothills. Hence, in order to evolve common rates for the major construction activities for the purpose of the publication of the Schedule of Rates 2018 (Building Works and Services), the rates of major construction materials like Cement, Steel and Bitumen are updated based on the rates in nearest authorized dealers located in foothill in Assam and in Arunachal Pradesh. In the process of project costing based on this Schedule of Rates, the additional cost involved in carriage of materials from approved sources to site of work shall be added to arrive at the actual execution cost. Further the schedule of Rates shall not be directly adopted for payment to contractor for the work done by them at any site.
    [Show full text]
  • Techlam® Technical Guide Techlam® Technical Guide
    TECHLAM® TECHNICAL GUIDE TECHLAM® TECHNICAL GUIDE TECHLAM® tiles are made of ceramic stoneware, and are manufactured using an innovative technology, compacting the material and then firing it in an oven at a temperature of 1200°C, specifically designed to guarantee the uniformity of the product. Cutting after firing guarantees the accuracy of the different formats. TECHLAM® Ceramics 01 THICKNESS TECHLAM® is available in different thicknesses, each one intended for a different use. TECHLAM® Ceramics 02 Thickness CHARACTERISTICS A ceramic tile. Thickness: 3 mm Weight: 7,1 kg/m² INTENDED USE Construction sector: !!"#$%&'()!'(*%&'#&!+(,!%-*%&'#&!.+//0! +(,!1%'/'()0!+(,!&##20!30'()!+,4%0'$%5 6(*%&'#&!,%0')(!+(,!,%1#&+*'()!0%1*#&5 TECHLAM® 3 mm TECHLAM® Ceramics 03 Thickness CHARACTERISTICS A ceramic tile reinforced with glass fibre netting on the back. Thickness: 3,5 mm Weight: 7,8 kg/m² INTENDED USE Construction sector: ! Covering exterior paving and interior flooring by laying on existing materials with adhesive in areas where traffic is not so heavy. ! Covering walls, both interior and exterior, roofs and ceilings, using adhesive. TECHLAM® 3+ ! Ventilated façades. Interior design and decorating sector. TECHLAM® Ceramics 04 Thickness CHARACTERISTICS A ceramic tile. Thickness: 5 mm Weight: 11,87 kg/m² INTENDED USE Construction sector: ~2 overing walls, both interior and exterior, roofs and ceilings, using adhesive. Interior design and decorating sector. TECHLAM® 5 mm TECHLAM® Ceramics 05 Thickness CHARACTERISTICS A ceramic tile reinforced with glass fibre netting on the back. Thickness: 5,5 mm Weight: 12,57 kg/m² INTENDED USE Construction sector: !"#$%&'()!*+,,-!+(.!&##/-0!1#23!'(2%&'#&! +(.!%42%&'#&!5-'()!+.3%-'$%0!'(!+&%+-!*'23! medium-high traffic.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleaning Masonry
    WALLS CLEANING MASONRY INTRODUCTION Building exteriors of face brick, stone WALLS or unpainted render need to be cleaned occasionally to preserve the aesthetic and physical integrity of the masonry. This may involve: • removing corrosive deposits • improving the appearance of the building • exposing dangerous masonry cracks prior to repair. These guidelines cover: • selecting the right cleaning method • types of surface deposits • removal techniques • advantages and disadvantages of each method. SELECTING THE RIGHT METHOD The aim of any cleaning method is to remove the surface deposit with as little effect as possible on the fabric of the building. In some situations, however, it may be impossible to avoid removing some of the masonry, particularly where: • paints have penetrated the surface • industrial grime has reacted with brick or sandstone. Cost and potential damage are the main factors in deciding on the system to use. Cost is not just that of the cleaning system alone: for example, a cheap alkali clean may lead to serious salt-damp fretting which does not show up for some time, but causes long-term damage. Carelessness or the wrong choice of a cleaning method can lead to irreversible damage to the building.This is one good reason to leave cleaning operations to the experts.Another is the need to be aware of the safety and environmental issues involved. The appropriate method for cleaning a building will depend on the types of masonry substrate and surface deposits to be cleaned. Cleaning Masonry SURFACE DEPOSITS Heavy industrial grime A 15 per cent solution of sodium citrate is useful for rust stains on marble.
    [Show full text]