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Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-Γ Production Via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

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Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-Γ Production Via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-γ Production via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dn9r8j2 Journal Cell Reports, 12(7) ISSN 0022-1767 Authors Huang, X Li, J Dorta-Estremera, S et al. Publication Date 2015-08-18 DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.021 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Article Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-g Production via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Graphical Abstract Authors Xinfang Huang, Jingjing Li, Stephanie Dorta-Estremera, ..., Kimberly S. Schluns, Lewis L. Lanier, Wei Cao Correspondence [email protected] In Brief Huang et al. find that IFN-a/b produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) stimulates NK cells to secrete IFN-g, which is essential for the development of autoantibodies. ROS-producing neutrophils negatively regulate this NK- IFN-g pathway and control autoimmune progression in lupus-prone mice. Highlights d Mice pre-depleted of neutrophils develop more autoantibodies after pDC activation d The pDC-IFN-a/b pathway stimulates NK cells to produce IFN-g by inducing IL-15 d ROS released by neutrophils decreases IL-15 and thus inhibits IFN-g production d Neutrophils in male NZB/W F1 mice suppress NK cell and autoimmune B cell activation Huang et al., 2015, Cell Reports 12, 1120–1132 August 18, 2015 ª2015 The Authors http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.021 Cell Reports Article Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-g Production via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Xinfang Huang,1,2,7 Jingjing Li,1,7 Stephanie Dorta-Estremera,1,3 Jeremy Di Domizio,1,8 Scott M. Anthony,1,3 Stephanie S. Watowich,1,3 Daniel Popkin,4 Zheng Liu,5 Philip Brohawn,5 Yihong Yao,5 Kimberly S. Schluns,1,3 Lewis L. Lanier,6 and Wei Cao1,3,* 1Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China 3The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA 4Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 5MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA 7Co-first author 8Present address: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.021 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). SUMMARY molecular signature is found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a heterogeneous systemic disease with Here, we examine the mechanism by which plasma- autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA) and double-stranded cytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and type I interferons DNA (dsDNA) (Ro¨ nnblom and Pascual, 2008; Kono et al., 2013; promote humoral autoimmunity. In an amyloid- Lipsky, 2001). An IFN-I-stimulated gene (ISG) profile is signifi- induced experimental autoimmune model, neutrophil cantly correlated with the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody and depletion enhanced anti-nuclear antibody develop- disease severity. IFN-a/b triggered by cells sensing nucleic acids ment, which correlated with heightened IFN-g pro- is increasingly implicated as a key factor in antibody-mediated autoimmunity. duction by natural killer (NK) cells. IFN-a/b produced Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique dendritic cell by pDCs activated NK cells via IL-15 induction. Neu- (DC) subset that specializes in rapid production of high amounts trophils released reactive oxygen species (ROS), of IFN-I upon sensing RNA or DNA by endosomal Toll-like recep- which negatively modulated the levels of IL-15, tor (TLRs), thereby functioning as an immediate early IFN-I pro- thereby inhibiting IFN-g production. Mice deficient ducer during viral infections (Gilliet et al., 2008). In SLE, pDCs in NADPH oxidase 2 produced increased amounts serve as a major source of aberrant IFN-I in response to immune of IFN-g and developed augmented titers of autoanti- complexes (ICs). These complexes are composed either of auto- bodies. Both the pDC-IFN-a/b pathway and IFN-g antibodies to chromatin and ribonucleoprotein complexes or were indispensable in stimulating humoral autoim- of DNA-containing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced munity. Male NZB/W F1 mice expressed higher levels by autoantibodies (Gilliet et al., 2008; Caielli et al., 2012). In of superoxide than their female lupus-prone siblings, recent years, using various genetic and cell-type-specific abla- tion strategies, several groups have demonstrated that pDCs and depletion of neutrophils resulted in spontaneous play a pivotal role in autoantibody development and disease pro- NK cell and autoimmune B cell activation. Our find- gression in vivo (Di Domizio et al., 2012a; Baccala et al., 2013; ings suggest a regulatory role for neutrophils in vivo Rowland et al., 2014; Sisirak et al., 2014). However, how pDCs and highlight the importance of an NK-IFN-g axis and IFN-I instruct autoimmune responses is not clear. downstream of the pDC-IFN-a/b pathway in systemic Neutrophils are abundant innate immune cells that rapidly infil- autoimmunity. trate sites of infection or injury to provide host protection against microbes (Mayadas et al., 2014; Nauseef and Borregaard, 2014). SLE patients display defects in clearing apoptotic neutrophils INTRODUCTION and have aberrant neutrophils in the periphery, which constitute signature lupus erythematosus cells (Pisetsky, 2012; Caielli Aberrant innate immune responses play a critical role in promot- et al., 2012). NETs formed by IFN-I- and autoantibody-activated ing the autoimmune adaptive immune response and exacerbate neutrophils stimulate pDCs to secrete IFN-I, which further pro- disease pathogenesis. A type I interferon (IFN-a, b, u, t, IFN-I) motes the generation of mature antigen-presenting cells and 1120 Cell Reports 12, 1120–1132, August 18, 2015 ª2015 The Authors activates autoreactive B cells to enhanced autoantibody produc- cavity after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation (Di Domizio et al., tion in vitro (Caielli et al., 2012). In the kidney of lupus patients, 2012a). We injected BALB/c mice with HSA amyloid containing netting neutrophils can induce tissue damage; SLE patients DNA (precipitate formed by mixing amyloid precursor of HSA with impaired DNase I function or failure to dismantle NETs protein and genomic DNA of E. coli; we will refer it simply as have an increased incidence of lupus nephritis (Hakkim et al., amyloid hereafter) or a mixture of a comparable amount of native 2010). In lupus-prone mice, inhibition of peptidylarginine deimi- HSA and DNA (referred as control). High amounts of IL-1b nase, a key enzyme required for NET formation, protected transcript were detected in peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) har- against vascular, kidney, and skin damage (Knight et al., 2013). vested 18 hr after inoculation of amyloid (Figure 1B). Neutrophilia Separately, patients from a subgroup of vasculitides, a systemic represents a hallmark of IL-1b-mediated inflammation. Accord- disease with inflammation of blood vessels, develop anti-neutro- ingly, significant numbers of neutrophils infiltrated the peritoneal phil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), which are also present in cavity of mice that received amyloid, which peaked at 6 hr some SLE patients. It was shown that ANCA induction can be after injection (Figure 1C). Apparently, IL-1b stimulates the neu- initiated by NETs through transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil trophilia, as Il1rÀ/À mice had drastically reduced infiltrating antigens to DCs (Sangaletti et al., 2012). neutrophils after amyloid inoculation (Figure 1D). However, several recent studies have revealed that neutro- Residing in the peritoneal cavity of naive mice are two subsets phils can inhibit systemic autoimmunity in vivo. Defective ROS of macrophage: large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) and small production, and presumably NETosis, as a result of phagocyte peritoneal macrophages (SPMs) (Ghosn et al., 2010; Cain et al., NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) deficiency paradoxically exacerbates 2013; Okabe and Medzhitov, 2014; Gautier et al., 2014). Amyloid lupus development in MRL-Faslpr mice, an observation consis- inoculation resulted in the disappearance of LPMs and slight tent with the increased incidence of lupus in patients with increase of SPMs in PECs (Figure S1A). Injection of clodronate X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (Campbell et al., encapsulated in liposomes prior to amyloid inoculation depleted 2012). Moreover, Trigunaite et al. recently reported that Gr-1+ LPMs, but not SPMs (Figures S1A and S1B). Although LPM cells protect male New Zealand black 3 New Zealand white depletion reduced recruitment of neutrophils and dendritic cells, (NZB/W) F1 mice from developing autoantibodies and lupus- it did not diminish the expression of IL-1b induced by amyloid like disease (Trigunaite et al., 2013). Therefore, how neutrophils (Figures S1B–S1D). Among PEC populations, both SPMs and participate in autoimmune pathogenesis versus protection re- neutrophils transcribed IL-1b (Figure S1E), suggesting that
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