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From the Eastern Brazilian Coast (13°00'–22°30'S)

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From the Eastern Brazilian Coast (13°00'–22°30'S) BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 67(1): 449–463, 2000 NEW TAXA PAPER EUNICE AND PALOLA (EUNICIDAE: POLYCHAETA) FROM THE EASTERN BRAZILIAN COAST (13°00'–22°30'S) Joana Zanol, Paulo Cesar Paiva and Fabiano da Silva Attolini ABSTRACT Seventeen species of Eunicidae belonging to the genera Eunice and Palola were found on the eastern Brazilian Coast. Among them are two new species: Eunice marcusi and Palola brasiliensis. The coast line is dominated by calcareous bottoms and its fauna is one of the poorest known in the western Atlantic. The eastern Brazilian coast polychaete fauna is among the least known in the western Atlantic. The coast (ca 13°00'–22°30'S) is dominated by biogenic calcareous bottoms of living and dead algae, coral reefs and other biodetritic fragments (Lana, 1996). This sub- strate is suitable for reef-boring organisms, such as Eunicidae which is the dominant polychaete family in the area. Despite their large body size and the large number of char- acters, eunicid taxonomy is quite problematic. Several original descriptions were rather brief, leading to a great number of indeterminable species. Fauchald (1992a,b) reviewed the genera Eunice and Palola and redescribed them in a more realistic framework that allowed for the identification of many rare species previously reported as synonyms of ‘well known’ species. Hence, in this study, of the total of 17 species recorded, two are new: Eunice marcusi and Palola brasiliensis, and many are known only from original description or very few samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material used for this study was collected by oceanographic surveys using the vessels: HV AN- TARES (Diretoria de Hidrografía e Navegação—Brazilian Navy) and SV ASTRO-GAROUPA (PETROBRÁS). Location and depth of sampling stations are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Sam- pling gear included Van Veen grabs, dredges and beam trawls. Shallow water samples (intertidal to 10 m) were collected by SCUBA. All samples were sieved (0.5 mm mesh-size) on board ship and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. All material, including holotypes and paratypes, were deposited at the Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IBUFRJ). SYSTEMATICS Eunice cariboea Grube, 1856 Eunice cariboea Grube, 1856: 57; Fauchald, 1992a: 98–102, figs. 29g–q. Eunice (Nicidion) cariboea Hartman, 1944: 123–124, pl. 7: figs. 157–163, pl. 8: fig. 178; Nonato and Luna, 1970: 83, fig. 59. Nicidion incerta Hansen, 1882: 8, pl. 2: figs. 19–21. Material Examined.—sta. 25BT, 1 spec.; sta. 35VV, 1 spec.; sta. 10C, 3 spec.; sta. 11C, 2 spec.; sta. 15C, 2 spec.; sta. 16C, 1 spec.; sta. 21C, 3 spec.; sta. 29 C, 3 spec.; sta. 32C, 449 450 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 67, NO. 1, 2000 T.able 1. Station list of the Bacia de Campos Program S)tations Deepth (m Leongitud Ltatitud Sedimen S0t. 3W 2S2W1° 20'42" 4s0° 35'42" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 10W 4S2W1° 41'48" 4d0° 20'42" medium san S0t. 12W 7S2W1° 42'50" 4s0° 11'06" biodetritic calcareou S5t. 15W 2S2W2° 10'40" 4d1° 39'15" fine san S5t. 23W 1S2W2° 22'03" 4d1° 40'48" coarse san S0t. 25W 3S2W2° 23'20" 4s1° 18'50" fine sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 28W 6S2W2° 24'32" 4s0° 43'47" biodetritic calcareou S8t. 30W 1S2W2° 35'36" 4s1° 55'06" coarse sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 31W 1S5 2W2° 54'53" 4s0° 47'58" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 32W 4S2W2° 40'47" 4d1° 43'57'' very fine san S5t. 50W 1S3 2W3° 37'42" 4s1° 23'58" biodetritic calcareou S7t. 2S 2S2W1° 21'02" 4d0° 42'45" medium san S9t. 3S 2S2W1° 21'08" 4s0° 35'01" biodetritic calcareou S3t. 9S 2S2W1° 40'02" 4d0° 32'46" coarse san S4t. 10S 4S2W1° 41'25" 4d0° 20'46" medium san S0t. 15S 3S2W2° 10'34" 4d0° 58'55" coarse san S8t. 21S 9S2W2° 06'52" 4s0° 05'01" biodetritic calcareou S8t. 25S 3S2W2° 23'43" 4s1° 19'08" fine sand with biodetritic calcareou S8t. 27S 4S2W2° 24'05" 4s1° 05'08" biodetritic calcareou S9t. 28S 6S2W2° 25'55" 4s0° 42'44" biodetritic calcareou S6t. 29S 1S0 2W2° 25'50" 4s0° 35'27" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 30S 2S2W2° 35'47" 4s1° 35'01" coarse sand with biodetritic calcareou S7t. 32S 4S2W2° 40'35" 4s1° 43'21" medium sand with biodetritic calcareou S1t. 35S 7S2W2° 55'22" 4s1° 13'15" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 37S 1S1 2W3° 03'44" 4s0° 55'47'' biodetritic calcareou S8t. 43S 9S2W3° 16'15" 4s1° 15'15" biodetritic calcareou 1 spec.; sta. 15 W, 1 spec.; sta. 30W, 1 spec.; sta. 32W, 3 spec.; sta. 2S, 1 spec.; Abrolhos- 10 m, 3 spec.; Abrolhos/Siriba-3 m, 10 spec.; Abrolhos/Redonda-intertidal, 6 spec. Remarks.—The start of the subacicular hooks in part of this material differs from that reported previuosly. They begin from setiger 25 to up to setiger 48, showing a greater variation (26 to 32) than observed by Fauchald (1992a). The only abranchiate species whose subacicular hooks appear this far posteriorly is E. imogena, also described from the eastern Brazilian coast by Monro (1924), which has hooks beginning after setiger 50. All other characters are very similar in all specimens analyzed, including the inflated body of the anterior region (setigers 9–10), the color pattern and antennal size and width. Distribution on the Brazilian Coast.—Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe and Alagoas States, from intertidal to 105 m, associated with calcareous algae and sand bottoms. Eunice donathi Carrera-Parra and Salazar-Vallejo, 1998 Eunice donathi Carrera-Parra and Salazar-Vallejo, 1998: 150, figs. 1f–k. Material Examined.—sta. 8C, 1 spec.; sta. 18C, 3 spec.; sta. 24C, 2 spec.; sta. 29C, 4 spec.; sta. 33C, 1 spec.; sta. 35C, 1 spec.; sta. 3S, 1 spec. ZANOL ET AL.: EUNICIDAE FROM THE EASTERN BRAZILIAN COAST 451 Table 2. Station list of the REVIZEE Program and locations. S)tations Deepth (m Leongitud Ltatitud Sedimen S2t. 3BT 8S2W2° 52'42" 4s1° 09'15" sand with biodetritic calcareou S6t. 21BT 5S2W0° 38'00" 4s0° 01'00" silt with biodetritic calcareou S5t. 25BT 4S1W9° 59'54" 3s9° 54'09" biodetritic calcareou S2t. 2D 8S2W2° 53'16" 4d1° 09'15" mu S2t. 3D 8S2W2° 52'40" 4s1° 09'15" sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 6D 6S2W2° 18'01" 4s0° 48'50" sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 7D 6S2W2° 19'58" 4s0° 50'54" sand with biodetritic calcareou S7t. 23D 3S2W0° 21'17" 4e0° 05'49" calcareous alga S2t. 32D 2S1W8° 52'28" 3s9° 35'25" sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 39D 9S1W9° 28'33" 3d8° 22'28" calcareous mu S7t. 21VV 2S2W8° 38'14'' 4d0° 01'18'' calcareous mu S8t. 33VV 2S1W8° 53'16'' 3s9° 13'52'' biodedritic calcareou S5t. 35VV 2S1W8° 52'00" 3s8° 58'00" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 2C 5S1W3° 38'26'' 3s8° 45'40'' biodedritic calcareou S0t. 5C 5S1W5° 34'11" 3s8° 51'36" biodetritic calcareou S8t. 7C 5S1W6° 19'55" 3s8° 14'39" sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 8C 5S1W7° 34'21" 3s8° 25'21" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 10C 5S1W7° 05'54" 3s6° 45'08" biodetritic calcareou S0t. 11C 5S1W7° 03'59" 3e6° 48'28" calcareous alga S0t. 12C 5S1W7° 02'24" 3e7° 36'26" calcareous alga S0t. 13C 4S1W6° 47'14" 3e8° 41'33" calcareous alga S6t. 14C 6S1W7° 47'49" 3e5° 52'50" calcareous alga S0t. 15C 6S1W8° 01'22" 3e5° 53'28" calcareous alga S3t. 16C 5S1W8° 01'24" 3e7° 21'55" calcareous alga S5t. 17C 5S1W8° 34'00" 3s8° 04'00" biodetritic calcareou S5t. 18C 6S1W8° 35'37" 3s7° 54'45" biodetritic calcareou S7t. 20C 6S1W9° 16'08" 3s8° 00'54" biodetritic calcareou S5t. 21C 5S2W0° 42'21" 3e5° 27'25" calcareous alga S0t. 22C 1S1 2W0° 36'13" 3e5° 51'25" calcareous alga S2t. 24C 6S2W0° 21'03" 3e6° 38'14" calcareous alga S5t. 25C 6S1W9° 31'11'' 3e8° 46'06'' calcareous alga S0t. 27C 6S1W9° 45'36" 3e9° 31'36" calcareous alga S4t. 28C 5S1W9° 48'47" 3e7° 56'33" calcareous alga S8t. 29C 5S1W9° 48'01" 3e7° 46'22" calcareous alga S0t. 30C 5S2W8° 08'46" 3s7° 29'06" biodetritic calcareou S4t. 32C 5S2W0° 40'24" 3e7° 42'37" calcareous alga S5t. 33C 5S2W0° 35'03" 3e8° 04'55" calcareous alga S5t. 34C 5S2W6° 46'02" 4e0° 05'59" calcareous alga S5t. 35C 5S2W0° 52'00" 4e0° 10'00" calcareous alga S2t. 36C 5S2W1° 31'00" 4e0° 18'00" calcareous alga S0t. 37C 6S2W2° 22'10" 3e7° 35'31" calcareous alga S5t. 44C 6S2W0° 51'24" 3e3° 38'34" calcareous alga S5t. 45C 1S2 2W0° 57'05" 3e4° 00'20" calcareous alga S8t. 46C 1S0 2W0° 40'34" 3s4° 35'22" sand with biodetritic calcareou S0t. 47C 6S2W0° 36'51" 3e4° 53'39" calcareous alga 452 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 67, NO. 1, 2000 Table 3. Direct samplings locations in Abrolhos Archipelago. Location Deepth (m) Leongitud Ltatitud Sedimen Siriba Island 3S1W7° 58'07" 3s8° 42' 46" coral reef debri Redonda Island 0−3 1W7° 57'57"S 3s8° 42'46" under stone Coral reef 1S0 1W7° 58' 3f8° 40' coral ree Description.—Only anterior fragments 2.5–4 mm wide including setae, 21 to 73 mm long and up to 166 setigers were available. Prostomium as long as peristomium. Body reddish with several white spots. Peristomial ring less colored. Setigers 4 and 5 (in one specimen also setiger 6) with a white crossbar. Antennae smooth, outer lateral antennae (AI) to the middle of first peristomial ring, inner lateral antennae (AII) to setigers 1-4 and unpaired median antenna (AIII) to setigers 4–7. Eyes posterior to AI and lateral to AII.
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