Henryk Sienkiewicz Il Diluvio

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Henryk Sienkiewicz Il Diluvio Henryk Sienkiewicz Il diluvio www.liberliber.it Questo e-book è stato realizzato anche grazie al sostegno di: E-text Editoria, Web design, Multimedia http://www.e-text.it/ QUESTO E-BOOK: TITOLO: Il diluvio AUTORE: Sienkiewicz, Henryk TRADUTTORE: Rios, Irma CURATORE: NOTE: DIRITTI D'AUTORE: no LICENZA: questo testo è distribuito con la licenza specificata al seguente indirizzo Internet: http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/licenze/ TRATTO DA: Il diluvio / Enrico Sienkiewicz; traduzione di Irma Rios. - Nuova edizione. - Milano: Baldini, Castoldi & C., 1905. - 570 p.; 19 cm. CODICE ISBN: non disponibile 1a EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA DEL: 19 marzo 2010 INDICE DI AFFIDABILITA': 1 0: affidabilità bassa 1: affidabilità media 2: affidabilità buona 3: affidabilità ottima 2 ALLA EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA HANNO CONTRIBUITO: Catia Righi, [email protected] REVISIONE: Paolo Oliva, [email protected] PUBBLICAZIONE: Catia Righi, [email protected] Informazioni sul "progetto Manuzio" Il "progetto Manuzio" è una iniziativa dell'associazione culturale Liber Liber. Aperto a chiunque voglia collaborare, si pone come scopo la pubblicazione e la diffusione gratuita di opere letterarie in formato elettronico. Ulteriori informazioni sono disponibili sul sito Internet: http://www.liberliber.it/ Aiuta anche tu il "progetto Manuzio" Se questo "libro elettronico" è stato di tuo gradimento, o se condividi le finalità del "progetto Manuzio", invia una donazione a Liber Liber. Il tuo sostegno ci aiuterà a far crescere ulteriormente la nostra biblioteca. Qui le istruzioni: http://www.liberliber.it/sostieni/ 3 ENRICO SIENKIEWICZ (Autore del Quo Vadis?) IL DILUVIO Traduzione di IRMA RIOS NUOVA EDIZIONE. MILANO CASA EDITRICE BALDINI, CASTOLDI & C Galleria Viltorio Emanuele, 17 e 80 ---- 1905 4 PARTE PRIMA 5 CAPITOLO I. Vi era in Jmud una potente famiglia chiamata Billevi- ch, discendente da Mendog, imparentata con molti e ri- spettata più di ogni altra del distretto di Rossyeni. I Bil- levich non erano mai saliti a grandi cariche e le più alte che avevano occupato erano quelle della loro provincia. Ciò nondimeno durante le guerre avevano reso al Paese incalcolabili servigi, pei quali furono più volte ricom- pensati. La terra che aveva loro dato culla (e che ancor oggi esiste) era chiamata Billeviche; ma essi possedeva- no molte altre tenute, sia nelle adiacenze di Rossyeni, sia più lungi, verso Krakin, presso Lauda, Shoi, Nye- vyaja, e di là da Ponyevyej. Col volgere del tempo i Bil- levich si divisero in tanti rami, i cui membri finivano col perdersi di vista gli uni dagli altri. Si radunavano però ogni volta che a Rossyeni aveva luogo la rivista della milizia di Jmud. Avveniva pure talvolta, che alcuni di essi s'incontrassero sotto il vessillo della cavalleria della Lituania ed alle Diete provinciali; e siccome erano dovi- ziosi ed influenti, così persino i Radzivill, ritenuti per onnipotenti in Lituania ed Jmud, dovevano fare i conti con loro. Durante il regno di Giovanni Casimiro, il capo della famiglia Billevich era Eraclito, colonnello dei cavalleg- geri e ciambellano di Upita. Non dimorava nella terra nativa, perchè era stata in quei tempi affittata a Tomash, porta-spada di Rossyeni. Eraclito Billevich era pure pro- 6 prietario delle tenute di Vodokly, Lyubich, e Mitruny si- tuate nelle vicinanze di Lauda, circondate, come un'isola dal mare, da agricoltori appartenenti alla piccola nobiltà. Oltre i Billevich vi erano nei dintorni poche altre fa- miglie considerevoli, per esempio i Sollohub, i Mont- vill, i Schylling, i Koryzni ed i Sitsinski; ma l'intera re- gione di Lauda, attraversata dal fiume dello stesso nome, era popolata dai cosidetti Zastsianki, ossia villag- gi abitati dalla nobiltà di Lauda, celebre e rinomata nella storia di Jmud. In altre regioni di questa contrada, le famiglie prende- vano il nome delle rispettive terre, o le terre si denomi- navano dalle famiglie, come si usava a Podlyasye; ma nelle regioni di Lauda, situate presso il fiume, la cosa era ben diversa. A Morezi dimoravano gli Stakyan, ivi insediati da Batory in compenso del valore da essi di- mostrato nei fatti di Pskoff. A Volmontovichi, su fertile suolo, formicolavano, per così dire, le famiglie dei Bu- trym, gli uomini più robusti e corpulenti in tutta Lauda, gente di poche parole e molti fatti, che ai tempi delle Diete provinciali percorrevano il paese in gran treno, e in tempo di guerra marciavano in file serrate ed in silen- zio. Le terre di Drojeykani e Mozgi erano coltivate dalla numerosa popolazione dei Domashevich, famosi caccia- tori, i quali attraversavano il deserto di Zyelonka sino a Wilkomir in traccia di orsi. I Gashovt risiedevano a Pa- tsuneli; le loro donne erano così rinomate per la loro bellezza, che persino tutte le belle fanciulle intorno a 7 Krakin, Ponyevyei e Upita erano considerate come se fossero di Patsuneli. I Sollohub Mali erano ricchi di ca- valli e di bestiame allevati sui pascoli delle foreste. I Gostsyevich in Goshchuni, facevano catrame nei boschi, e per tal cagione venivano soprannominati i Gostsyevi- ch neri e i Gostsyevich affumicati. Eranvi pure altri villaggi ed altre famiglie, i cui nomi esistono ancora in parte, ma in generale i villaggi oggidì sono situati diversamente e molte famiglie portano un altro nome. Molti paesi furono distrutti dalle guerre, dagli incendi e da altre calamità, e non vennero riedificati, sicchè or- mai l'aspetto di quella regione è assai cambiato. Ma in quell'epoca, l'antica Lauda era ancora nel suo stato fio- rente e primaverile, ed i nobili avevano acquistata la più alta riputazione molti anni prima, quando, combattendo contro gli insorti Cosacchi, si erano coperti di gloria sot- to il comando di Giovanni Radzivill. Tutti gli uomini di Lauda servivano nel reggimento del vecchio Eraclito Billevich, i più ricchi con due ca- valli, i meno ricchi con uno, ed i poveri in qualità di scudieri. Quei nobili erano in generale uomini bellicosi e particolarmente amanti della carriera militare, ma nel- le questioni che formavano comunemente il soggetto delle discussioni nelle Diete provinciali, erano meno esperti. Sapevano che vi era un re a Varsavia, che Rad- zivill e Pan Hlebovic' erano gli Starosti(1) di Jmud, e Pan 1 Governatori. 8 Billevich lo era egualmente a Vodokty nella regione di Lauda. Questo per essi bastava; e votavano come Pan Billevich loro suggeriva, nella convinzione di unifor- marsi in tal modo anche al volere di Pan Hlebovic', il quale era in pieno accordo con Radzivill. Radzivill era il braccio destro del Re in Lituania e a Jmud; e il Re alla sua volta era il capo della Repubblica e il padre della le- gione dei nobili. Ed infatti, Pan Billevich era un amico più che un cliente dei potenti oligarchi di Birji, ed in tale qualità, uno degli uomini più altamente stimati. Ad una sua chiamata rispondeva un migliaio di voci degli uomini di Lauda, e s'impugnavano altrettante sciabole. Queste, nel pugno degli Stakyan, dei Butrym, dei Domaschevich e dei Gashtovt non erano a quei tempi disprezzate da nes- suno al mondo. Soltanto tutto questo stato di cose si tro- vò mutato più tardi, appunto quando Pan Eraclito non era più. Questo padre e benefattore della nobiltà morì nel 1654. In quell'anno erasi accesa una terribile guerra lun- go il confine orientale della Repubblica. Pan Billevich non vi si recò essendone impedito dalla sua tarda età e dalla sordità che lo affliggeva, ma vi andarono gli uomi- ni di Lauda. Quando giunse la notizia che Radzivill era stato vinto a Shklov e che il reggimento di Lauda, in uno scontro con la mercenaria fanteria francese, era sta- to fatto pressochè tutto a pezzi, il vecchio colonnello, assalito da un attacco apopletico, spirò. 9 Queste notizie furono recate da un certo Pan Michele Volodyovski, giovane ma famoso guerriero, il quale in luogo d'Eraclito, aveva comandato per ordine di Radzi- vill, il reggimento di Lauda. I superstiti ritornarono con lui nelle loro terre, laceri, oppressi, affamati, e, come tutto il resto dell'armata, si dolevano che il Capitano ge- nerale, il quale fidava tanto nel terrore del proprio nome e nel fascino della vittoria, avesse sfidato con deboli for- ze un potere dieci volte più grande del suo, così che ave- va cagionato la rovina dell'esercito ed il lutto dell'intera contrada. In mezzo a tale universale cordoglio, non sorse però una voce contro Volodyovski. Anzi, tutti coloro che avevano potuto uscire salvi dalla catastrofe, lo celebra- vano quasi come un dio, narrando meraviglie della sua sagacia e delle sue gesta. E solo conforto rimasto a quei superstiti, fu appunto il ricordare i diversi episodi avve- nuti in quella malaugurata campagna, sotto il comando e la guida del giovane colonnello; rammentavano che nel- l'assalto erano passati attraverso la prima linea delle ri- serve come se fosse stata una colonna di fumo, e che scontratisi poi con i mercenari francesi, ne avevano fatto scempio della prima schiera, nella quale occasione Pan Volodyovski aveva ucciso di propria mano il loro colon- nello. Circondati dal nemico, sottoposti al fuoco da ogni lato, avevano potuto finalmente uscire da quel terribile caos con una disperata difesa, cadendo in massa ma de- cimando le file nemiche. 10 Gli uomini di Lauda, che non servendo nel contingen- te della Lituania erano obbligati a formar parte della mi- lizia territoriale, ascoltavano con rammarico ed in pari tempo con orgoglio la narrazione di queste prodezze. Tutti speravano, che la milizia territoriale sarebbe stata presto chiamata per l'estrema difesa della patria. Era inoltre convenuto, che Volodyovski verrebbe in tal caso eletto capitano degli uomini di Lauda. Benchè non ap- partenesse ai nobili residenti in paese, non eravi d'altra parte fra questi alcun uomo più celebre di lui. I supersti- ti affermavano ch'egli aveva salvato dalla morte lo stes- so Capitano generale.
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