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4.2.3 Lumbricidae (Regenwürmer) (Mit Beiträgen Von Anneke Beylich, Hamburg)

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4.2.3 Lumbricidae (Regenwürmer) (Mit Beiträgen Von Anneke Beylich, Hamburg) | TEXTE | 33/2012 Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie | TEXTE | 33/2012 UMWELTFORSCHUNGSPLAN DES BUNDESMINISTERIUMS FÜR UMWELT, NATURSCHUTZ UND REAKTORSICHERHEIT Forschungskennzahl 3708 72 201 UBA-FB 001606 Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie von Jörg Römbke (Gesamtkoordination), Stephan Jänsch ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim am Main Martina Roß-Nickoll Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Universität Aachen (RWTH), Institut für Umweltforschung, Aachen Andreas Toschki gaiac Forschungsinstitut für Ökosystemanalyse und –bewertung, Aachen Hubert Höfer, Franz Horak Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (SMNK), Karlsruhe David Russell, Ulrich Burkhardt Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (SMNG), Görlitz Heike Schmitt Universität Utrecht (IRAS), Utrecht Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes UMWELTBUNDESAMT Diese Publikation ist ausschließlich als Download unter http://www.uba.de/uba-info-medien/4312.html verfügbar. Hier finden Sie auch einen Anlagenband. Die in der Studie geäußerten Ansichten und Meinungen müssen nicht mit denen des Herausgebers übereinstimmen. ISSN 1862-4804 Durchführung ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH der Studie: Böttgerstr. 2-14 65439 Flörsheim am Main Abschlussdatum: Januar 2012 Herausgeber: Umweltbundesamt Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Tel.: 0340/2103-0 Telefax: 0340/2103 2285 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ Redaktion: Fachgebiet II 2.7 Bodenzustand, Bodenmonitoring Dr. Frank Glante Dessau-Roßlau, Juli 2012 Seite: 2 von 386 Berichts – Kennblatt Berichtsnummer 1. UBA-FB 001606 2. 3. 4. Titel des Berichts Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Usetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie 5. Autor(en), Name(n), Vorname(n) 8. Abschlussdatum 31.1.2012 Römbke, Jörg, Jänsch, Stephan, Roß-Nickoll, Martina, 9. Veröffentlichungsdatum Toschki, Andreas, Höfer, Hubert, Horak, Franz, Russell, David, Burkhardt, Ulrich & Schmitt, Heike 6. Durchführende Institution (Name, Anschrift) 10. UFOPLAN 3708 72 201 ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH; Böttgerstr. 2-14; 65439 11. Seitenzahl: 395 + Anhang Flörsheim am Main (Koordination) (CD) 7. Fördernde Institution (Name, Anschrift) 12. Literaturangaben: 590 Umweltbundesamt, Postfach 1406, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau 13. Tabellen / Diagramme: 53 14. Abbildungen: 132 15. Zusätzliche Angaben 16. Kurzfassung: Aufgabe des Vorhabens war es, die Voraussetzungen für den Schutz der in § 2 des BBodSchG (1998) beschriebenen Funktion des Bodens als Lebensraum für Boden- organismen in zweierlei Hinsicht zu verbessern: Zum einen waren für die Beurteilung der Bodenqualität geeignete biologische Indikatoren (d. h. Organismengruppen) zu iden- tifizieren. Zum anderen sollten anhand entsprechender Parameter für ausgewählte Biotop- typen Zielvorgaben ermittelt werden, anhand derer geprüft werden kann, ob ein Boden die Lebensraumfunktion erfüllt. Letztlich soll damit die Nationale Strategie zur Biologischen Vielfalt umgesetzt werden, z. B. durch eine Ausweitung des bodenbiologischen Monitoring auf Bodendauerbeobachtungsflächen (BDF). Dazu wurden zuerst die bisher vorgeschlagenen Methoden und Konzepte (inklusive der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen) zur Nutzung der Bodenbiodiversität für die Bodenqualitätsbeurteilung zusammengestellt. Parallel dazu wurde eine Datenbank aufgebaut, in der die aus einzelnen Bundesländern (BDF) als auch aus der Literatur (speziell den Partnern) stammenden bodenbiologischen Daten zu Collembolen, Oribatiden, Lumbriciden und Enchytraeen zusammengetragen und kritisch beurteilt wurden. Die biogeographische Verbreitung ausgewählter Arten der vier Invertebratengruppen sowie ihr Vorkommen in Abhängigkeit von den wichtigsten Standortfaktoren (Landnutzung, pH, Textur, organischer Gehalt) wurden in Karten und Tabellen dargestellt (Informationen zu weiteren Arten sind dem Anhang zu entnehmen). Basierend auf der statistischen (= multi- variaten) Auswertung der Abhängigkeit des Vorkommens dieser Arten von Standort- und Bodeneigenschaften wurden Vorschläge für Referenzwerte, differenziert nach Biotoptyp bzw. Landnutzung, erarbeitet. Für Mikroorganismen war eine analoge Auswertung nicht möglich, so dass hier der Fokus auf der kritischen Diskussion vorhandener Methoden zur Erfassung ihrer Diversität lag. Abschließend wurde eine Defizitanalyse zum Stand der Bodenbiodiversitätserfassung in Deutschland durchgeführt sowie konkrete Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung des bodenbiologischen Monitorings, speziell auf BDF, gemacht. Dabei wurden auch die ökosystemaren Leistungen der Bodenorganismen berücksichtigt. 17. Schlagwörter Biodiversität, Bodenorganismen, Beurtaeilungskonzept, Bodendauerbeobachtungsflächen, Bo- Info-Datenbank, Oribatida, Collembola, Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae, Mikroorganismen 18. Preis 19. 20. UBA-F+E-Berichtsmerkblatt (6.80) ARGE Bodenbiodiversität Seite: 3 von 386 Report - Data Sheet 1. Report No.: 2. 3. UBA-FB 001606 4. Report Title Determination and analysis of the soil quality in the context of the implementation and further development of the National Strategy on Biodiversity 5. Author(s), Family Name(s), First Name(s) 8. Report Date 31.01.2012 Römbke, Jörg, Jänsch, Stephan, Roß-Nickoll, Martina, 9. Publication Date Toschki, Andreas, Höfer, Hubert, Horak, Franz, Russell, David, Burkhardt, Ulrich & Schmitt, Heike 6. Performing Organization (Name, Address) 10. UFOPLAN 3708 72 201 ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH; Böttgerstr. 2-14; 65439 11. No. of Pages: 395 + Flörsheim am Main (Coordination) Annex (CD) 7. Sponsoring Agency (Name, Address) 12. No. of References: 590 Umweltbundesamt, Postfach 1406, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau 13. Tables / Diagrams: 53 14. Figures: 32 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The aim of this project was the improvement of the preconditions for the protection of the habitat function of soil as described in § 2 of the German Federal Soil Protection Act (1998), in particular in two ways: first, suitable biological indicators (i.e. organism groups) for the assessment of soil quality had to be identified. Second, reference values useful for selected biotope types had to be established in order to decide whether a soil did fulfil the habitat function or not. Finally this work was intended to improve the German “National Strategy for Biological Diversity”, e. g. by broadening soil biological monitoring at existing permanent soil monitoring sites (BDF). In order to reach this aim, existing methods and concepts (including the legal background) for the usage of soil biodiversity for soil quality assessment were compiled. In parallel, a database was set up, in which soil biological data coming from BDF of several German states as well as from literature (especially from the partner institutions) on Collembola, Oribatida, Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae was compiled and critically discussed. The biogeographical distribution of selected species from the four invertebrate groups and their distribution in relation to the most important site factors (land use, pH, texture, organic matter) were presented in maps and tables (similar information for additional species was put into an Annex). Based on the statistical (= multivariate) evaluation of the relationship between the distribution of these species and site and soil properties, proposals for reference values were made (differentiated according to biotope types and land use). Since it was not possible to perform a similar evaluation for microorganisms, the work with this group focused on a critical discussion of available methods used for the recording of their diversity. Finally, a deficit analysis concerning the state-of-the-art of soil biodiversity assessment in Germany was performed. A detailed proposal how to improve soil biological monitoring was made, focusing in particular on BDF. In this context, the ecosystem services provided by soil organisms were also considered. 17. Key Words: Biodiversity, Soil organisms, Assessment concept, Permanent soil monitoring sites, Bo-Info- Data-Base, Oribatida, Collembola, Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae, Microorganisms 18. Charge 19. 20. UBA- F+ E-Berichtsmerkblatt (6.80) ARGE Bodenbiodiversität Seite: 4 von 386 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ......................................................................................................................... 33 1.1 Einführung in die Thematik ......................................................................................... 33 1.2 Das Bodendauerbeobachtungsprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ............... 35 1.3 Anwendung eines bodenbiologischen Bewertungskonzepts aus der Sicht potentieller Anwender ..................................................................................................................... 38 1.4 Ziele des F+E-Vorhabens ............................................................................................. 40 2 Hintergrundinformationen zur Boden-Biodiversität ........................................................ 42 2.1 Rechtliche Empfehlungen zum Schutz der Bodenorganismen .................................... 42 2.1.1 Deutschland.............................................................................................................. 42 2.1.2 Andere Staaten der Europäischen Union ................................................................. 46 2.1.3 Europäische Union ..................................................................................................
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