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Effects of Earthworms on Stabilisation and Mobilisation of Soil Organic Matter

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Effects of Earthworms on Stabilisation and Mobilisation of Soil Organic Matter Effects of earthworms on stabilisation and mobilisation of soil organic matter Von dem Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Sven Marhan aus Groß-Gerau Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Schwabe-Kratochwil Tag der Einreichung: 19. April 2004 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25. Mai 2004 Darmstadt 2004 D 17 It may be doubted whether there are many other animals which have played so important a part in the history of the world, as have these lowly organised creature. Charles. R. Darwin (1881) Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu am Institut für Zoologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt durchgeführt und von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms SPP 1090: „Böden als Quelle und Senke für CO2“ gefördert. Lebenslauf Persönliche Daten Sven Marhan Geboren 05. Juni 1972 in Groß-Gerau ledig Post Doc seit 01.04. 2004 Forschungsprojekt an der Universität Hohenheim, "Böden von Baden-Württemberg als Senke für klimarelevante Gase" Studium 1993 – 1996 Grundstudium der Biologie an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt (TUD) 1996 – 2000 Hauptstudium der Biologie an der TUD; Fächerkombination: Zoologie, Ökologie und Tierphysio- logie (Gesamtnote: sehr gut) Thema der Diplomarbeit: "Räumliche Verteilung und Aktivität von drei koexistierenden Arten der Gattung Astropecten (Asteroida) in der Bucht von Fetovaia (Elba)" 2000 – 2004 Promotion im Fachbereich Biologie der (TUD), Institut für Zoologie; Thema der Promotion: Stabilisation und Mobilisation organischer Substanz durch Regenwürmer. Tätigkeiten 2000 Anstellung als Diplom-Biologe bei der Firma IBACON GmbH, Entwicklung und Betreuung eines Testsystems mit Nutzarthropoden Betreuung folgender Hochschulpraktika 1997/1998 Zoologische Bestimmungsübungen des Grundstudiums 2000 Zoologische Bestimmungsübungen des Hauptstudiums 2001 Marine-biologische Exkursion (Elba, Italien) 2002 Terrestrisch-ökologisches Praktikum 2002 – 2003 Betreuung eines Forschungspraktikums und einer Diplomarbeit mit dem Titel: "Einfluss von Regenwürmern auf Stoffumsätze und Pflanzenwachstum: Veränderung durch die Verfügbarkeit von Sand" Lebenslauf Zivildienst 1991 – 1993 Altenbetreuung beim Sozialen Friedensdienst Darmstadt Schulausbildung 1978 – 1982 Grundschule Worfelden 1982 – 1984 Carl von Ossietzky-Gesamtschule, Groß-Gerau 1984 – 1991 Prälat-Diehl-Gymnasium, Groß-Gerau 1991 Erwerb der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation selbständig und nur mit den angegebenen Hilfsmitteln angefertigt habe. Ich habe noch keinen weiteren Promotionsversuch unternommen. Darmstadt, den (Sven Marhan) Teile der vorliegenden Arbeit sowie anderer Projekte während der Promotionszeit wurden bisher wie folgt publiziert, bzw. auf Tagungen präsentiert. MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2001): Stabilisation und Mobilisation organischer Substanz durch Regenwürmer, Poster, Jahrestagung der DBG, Wien. MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2002): Sand fördert Kohlenstoff-Mineralisation im Kot von Lumbricus terrestris L.; Vortrag, Tagung der DBG, AG Bodenbiologie, München - Neuherberg. MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2002): Sand increases carbon mineralisation in Lumbricus terrestris L. casts; Poster, 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology, Cardiff, Wales. BUTENSCHÖN, O., MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2003): Effect of the availability of sand on carbon and nitrogen mobilization by earthworms; Poster, Int. Konferenz: Mechanisms and Regulation of Organic Matter Stabilisation in Soils, Hohenkammer. EGERT, M., MARHAN, S., WAGNER, B., SCHEU, S., FRIEDRICH, M.W. (2003): T-RFLP analysis of microbial community structure in food, soil, gut and fresh casts of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) under two different feeding conditions; Poster, Int. Konferenz: Mechanisms and Regulation of Organic Matter Stabilisation in Soils, Hohenkammer. MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2003): Soil carbon and nitrogen content as limiting factors for the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tyrtaeum; Poster, Int. Konferenz: Mechanisms and Regulation of Organic Matter Stabilisation in Soils Hohenkammer. EGERT, M., MARHAN, S., WAGNER, B., SCHEU, S., FRIEDRICH, M.W. (2004): Molecular profiling of 16S rRNA genes reveals diet-related differences of microbial communities in soil, gut, and casts of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae); FEMS Microbiology Ecology 48:187-197. MARHAN, S., SCHEU, S. (2004): Effects of sand and litter availability on organic matter decomposition in soil and in casts of Lumbricus terrestris L.; Geoderma, (in press). Contents Contents Summary................................................................................................................... I-II Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................. III-V Chapter One – Introduction 1.1 Earthworms.............................................................................................................1 1.2 Soil organic matter..................................................................................................4 1.3 Effects of earthworms on soil organic matter.........................................................5 1.4 Objectives ...............................................................................................................8 1.5 Characterisation of earthworm species.................................................................10 Chapter Two – Microorganisms in earthworm casts 2. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and xylanase activity in particle size fractions of forest soil and casts of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Abstract.......................................................................................................................12 2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................13 2.2 Material and Methods ...........................................................................................14 2.3 Results...................................................................................................................20 2.4 Discussion.............................................................................................................30 Chapter Three – Effects of sand 3. Effects of sand and litter availability on organic matter decomposition in soil and in casts of Lumbricus terrestris L. Abstract.......................................................................................................................34 3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................35 3.2 Material and Methods ...........................................................................................36 3.3 Results...................................................................................................................40 3.4 Discussion.............................................................................................................48 Chapter Four – Quality of the litter 4. Effects of endogeic earthworms (Octolasion tyrtaeum, Lumbricidae) on decomposition of plant residues differing in litter quality in an arable and forest soil Abstract.......................................................................................................................53 4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................54 4.2 Material and Methods ...........................................................................................55 4.3 Results...................................................................................................................59 4.4 Discussion.............................................................................................................70 Contents Chapter Five – Lower mineral soil 5. Mixing of mineral soil layers of different organic matter content by endogeic earthworms (Octolasion tyrtaeum, Lumbricidae): effects on carbon and nitrogen mineralisation Abstract.......................................................................................................................76 5.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................77 5.2 Material and Methods ...........................................................................................78 5.3 Results...................................................................................................................81 5.4 Discussion.............................................................................................................92 Chapter Six – Stable soil organic matter 13 6. Use of CO2 signatures for studying the mobilisation of stable soil organic carbon by the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tyrtaeum (Lumbricidae) Abstract.......................................................................................................................96 6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................97 6.2 Material and Methods ...........................................................................................98 6.3 Results.................................................................................................................102
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