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Thalassiosirales (Diatomeae) Da Baía De Guaratuba, Estado Do Paraná, Brasil

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Thalassiosirales (Diatomeae) Da Baía De Guaratuba, Estado Do Paraná, Brasil Biota Neotrop., vol. 10, no. 2 Thalassiosirales (Diatomeae) da baía de Guaratuba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil Elton Augusto Lehmkuhl1,4, Priscila Izabel Tremarin2, Hermes Moreira-Filho3 & Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig3 1Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, http://www.ufpr.br/ 2Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, prédio 43433, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, http://www.ufrgs.br 3Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, http://www.ufpr.br/ 4Autor para correspondência: Elton Augusto Lehmkuhl, e-mail: [email protected] LEHMKUHL, E.A., TREMARIN, P.I., MOREIRA-FILHO, H. & LUDWIG, T.A.V. Thalassiosirales (Diatomeae) from Guaratuba bay, Paraná state, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 10(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n2/en/ abstract?inventory+bn03310022010. Abstract: A survey of the Thalassiosirales from three different regions of Guaratuba bay resulted in the identification of 28 infrageneric taxa. The samples were collected every three months from April 2007 to January 2008. The taxa were described and illustrated by optical. Some of them were illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. Taxonomic comments were added when relevant. Thalassiosira cedarkeyensis was first recorded to Brazil and two Thalassiosira ferelineata and T. minuscula were new citations to Parana state. Comparing the occurrence of Thalassiosirales representatives from 1961’s previous work 23 species were added to the flora. Based on literature informations, only four species were considered from freshwater habitat, Discostella stelligera, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclostephanos invisitatus and Thalassiosira rudis, the others were marine or estuarine. Keywords: diatoms, taxonomy, estuary, Southern Brazil. LEHMKUHL, E.A., TREMARIN, P.I., MOREIRA-FILHO, H. & LUDWIG, T.A.V. Thalassiosirales (Diatomeae) da baía de Guaratuba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 10(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/ v10n2/pt/abstract?inventory+bn03310022010. Resumo: O estudo taxonômico das Thalassiosirales de três diferentes regiões da baía de Guaratuba resultou na determinação de 28 táxons infragenéricos. As amostras foram coletadas trimestralmente, de abril de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. Os táxons foram descritos e ilustrados em microscopia óptica. Alguns foram ilustrados por fotografias em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Comentários taxonômicos foram adicionados quando relevantes. Comparando-se a flora diatomológica pretérita, em trabalho desenvolvido em 1961, contribuiu-se com 23 novos registros para a baía de Guaratuba. Uma nova citação para o Brasil, Thalassiosira cedarkeyensis, e dois novos registros para o litoral do Estado do Paraná, Thalassiosira ferelineata e T. minuscula foram encontrados. Baseando-se em dados de literatura, apenas quatro espécies estudadas são consideradas de habitat dulcícola, Discostella stelligera, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclostephanos invisitatus e Thalassiosira rudis, as demais são citadas para ambientes estuarinos ou marinhos. Palavras-chave: diatomáceas, taxonomia, estuário, Sul do Brasil. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n2/pt/abstract?inventory+bn03310022010 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br 314 Biota Neotrop., vol. 10, no. 2 Lehmkuhl, E.A. et al. Introdução O único trabalho sobre diatomáceas da baía de Guaratuba foi feito por Moreira-Filho (1961), sendo que este encontrou 102 espécies, Estuários apresentam livre conexão com o mar e sofrem constantes cinco delas pertencentes à ordem Thalassiosirales. diluições pelas águas continentais. São regiões de transição entre Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o levantamento das diferentes biomas e apresentam maior número de nichos ecológicos, espécies de diatomáceas da ordem Thalassiosirales ocorrentes nas o que facilita o desenvolvimento de uma elevada produtividade estações de coleta da baía de Guaratuba, trazendo descrições e dados biológica, mantida principalmente por nutrientes trazidos tanto pelos morfométricos. rios, como pelo fluxo marinho (Odum 1983, Ricklefs 2003). A baía de Guaratuba é o segundo maior sistema estuarino localizado na região sul do litoral paranaense. Apesar de estar inserida Material e Métodos em uma área de proteção ambiental, vem sofrendo diversas influências A baía de Guaratuba é um estuário com deságüe de rios e contato antrópicas dos municípios em seu entorno. Também, a região vem livre ao mar aberto. Localizada no litoral sul do Estado do Paraná, sendo explorada pela pesca extrativista, obtenção de moluscos de entre as coordenadas 25o 51.80’ S e 48o 38.20’ W, possui uma área de bancos naturais e linhas de cultivo de bivalves. (Guaratuba 2008) 48,57 km2, com cerca de 700 m de largura, 14 km de comprimento Ambientes estuarinos paranaenses foram muito pouco e 15 m de profundidade máxima. Está inserida no município de estudados do ponto de vista ficológico. Um dos principais grupos Guaratuba e em uma área de proteção ambiental de aproximadamente de algas que compõem o fitoplâncton é o das diatomáceas. A ordem 200 mil hectares que abrange os municípios de Guaratuba, Matinhos, Thalassiosirales destaca-se entre estas algas silíceas, em riqueza Tijucas do Sul, São José dos Pinhais e Morretes (Moreira-Filho 1961, e densidade, em ambientes com maior salinidade. A ordem é Guaratuba 2008). representada por mais de uma centena de espécies marinhas, poucas são dulcícolas. Caracterizam-se por células de simetria radial com Três estações de coleta foram estabelecidas na baía (Figura 1): fultopórtulas e rimopórtula. (Round et al. 1990). estação 1, entrada da baía, local de contato com o mar aberto e Cunha & Fonseca (1918) deram início aos estudos florísticos de próximo da orla urbana (25º 51’ 31.42” S e 48º 34’ 25.91” W); diatomáceas marinhas e estuarinas no Estado do Paraná. Entretanto, estação, 2 local onde é praticada a maricultura de moluscos somente em 1959, estes estudos foram retomados por Moreira- (25º 49’ 22.30” S e 48º 35’ 21.25” W) e estação 3, a leste da ilha do Filho quando realizou trabalho sobre a diatomoflúrula perifítica em Capim (25º 51’ 13. 76” S e 48º 38’ 32.48” W). Sargassum da praia de Caiobá. Desde então, outros autores deram A amostragem foi realizada em abril, julho e outubro de 2007 e continuidade a estudos envolvendo diatomáceas paranaenses, sendo janeiro de 2008, por meio de arrasto vertical com rede cônica (25 μm que atualmente já foram registradas 38 espécies de Thalassiosirales de abertura de malha). As amostras foram preservadas com formol para o Estado (Procopiak et al. 2006). A ordem Thalassiosirales 4% v/v e depositadas no herbário da Universidade Federal do Paraná do rio Guaraguaçu, um ambiente estuarino da região litorânea do (UPCB) (Tabela 1). Paraná foi estudada por Tremarin et al. (2008), tendo encontrado Medidas de salinidade e de temperatura do ar e água foram obtidas 28 espécies, sendo 23 delas consideradas marinhas e/ou estuarinas. através de um perfilador Consort C535, estimando-se também, dados Tabela 1. Dados sobre as estações de amostragem na baía de Guaratuba. Table 1. Data on the sampling stations in the Bay of Guaratuba. UPCB Estação de coleta Município Data de amostragem Coletor 61717 1 Guaratuba 27.IV.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61813 2 Guaratuba 27.IV.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61814 3 Guaratuba 27.IV.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61815 1 Guaratuba 29.VII.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61816 2 Guaratuba 29.VII.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61817 3 Guaratuba 29.VII.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61818 1 Guaratuba 18.X.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61819 2 Guaratuba 18.X.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61820 3 Guaratuba 18.X.2007 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61821 1 Guaratuba 24.I.2008 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61822 2 Guaratuba 24.I.2008 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. 61823 3 Guaratuba 24.I.2008 Lehmkuhl, E.A. s.n. Tabela 2. Dados fisico-químicos obtidos nas estações de coleta durante a amostragem. Table 2. Physico-chemical data obtained in the sampling stations during the expedition. Variáveis 27/04/2007 29/07/2007 18/10/2007 24/01/2008 ambientais E1 E2 E3 E1 E2 E3 E1 E2 E3 E1 E2 E3 Temperatura do ar (°C) 28 29 26 21 14 12,5 20 20 - 25 27,5 34 Temperatura da água (°C) 23 25 25 18 13 18 20 20 - 23 25 24,5 Salinidade 36 31 34 30 28 24 15 18 - 1 0,2 1 Sechii (m) 0,7 0,6 0,9 2,5 2,0 2,5 1,0 1,5 - 1,0 0,5 0,8 Profundidade (m) 15,0 2,5 5,0 16,0 2,5 5,0 14,0 2,5 - 7,0 3,5 4,5 Nota: - não foi possível coletar os dados. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n2/pt/abstract?inventory+bn03310022010 Biota Neotrop., vol. 10, no. 2 315 Thalassiosirales da baía de Guaratuba Figura 1. Localização das estações de coleta na baía de Guaratuba, litoral do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Estação 1, região de conexão com mar aberto; estação 2, região de prática de maricultura; estação 3, região central da baía. Figure 1. Location of sampling stations in the Bay of Guaratuba, littoral of Paraná State, Brazil. Station 1 - in connection with the open sea; Station 2 - region of mariculture; Station 3 - the central region of the bay. de profundidade local e transparência da água (disco de Secchi) no 1. Família Thalassiosiraceae momento da coleta (Tabela 2). A oxidação do material seguiu a técnica de Simonsen (1974) Thalassiosira cedarkeyensis Prasad in Prasad, Fryxel & modificada por Moreira-Filho & Valente-Moreira (1981), com Livingston, Phyc. 32(3): 204, pl. 1-4, fig. 3-22, 1993. Figuras 2 e 3 utilização de KMnO4 e HCl para completar a oxidação. Lâminas permanentes foram montadas contendo material oxidado e não oxidado, Valvas circulares; face valvar ondulada tangencialmente; utilizando-se o meio de inclusão Naphrax® (I.R.: 1,74).
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