JULY-AUGUST 2017

NURTURING Kirby Godsey honored, interviewed FAITH nurturingfaith.net Journal & Bible Studies

LIVING NEIGHBORLY Some firsts at First on Fifth Whose baptism is right?

CHRISTIANS ASK SCIENTISTS: IS EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE OUT THERE? Great Bible Study NF IS IN YOUR HANDS!J

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THOUGHTS 9 Why does American Christianity so often reflect so little of Jesus? By John D. Pierce 57 12 Finding, creating hospitality in unexpected places By Devin Harris-Davis DIGGIN’ IT What the donkey dung said 13 Learning to navigate diversity By Tony W. Cartledge By Barry Howard 6 14 Religion and our nation’s unrest JUDSON-RICE AWARD FEATURES By G. Todd Wilson Educator, author Kirby Godsey honored, 4 LIVING NEIGHBORLY: Some firsts interviewed at annual event for First on Fifth 18 One faith, many voices By John D. Pierce By John R. Franke INFORMATION 41 WHO ARE THE COPTS? And why 19 The surprise in answering a call are they persecuted? By Allison Kennedy Owen 10 More education means less religious commitment — By Monique El-Faizy 50 In search of a Jesus worldview unless you’re Christian 42 RELIGION AND THE AMERICAN By Bruce Gourley 11 Philosopher who argued for PRESIDENTS: Chester A. Arthur By Bruce Gourley 56 REBLOG: Gullibility leads to God wins Templeton Prize false witness 44 WHEELS OF FORTUNE: Huntsville By John D. Pierce 11 The Bible – helpful, but not read much volunteers put persons worldwide on the move 15 Worldwide restrictions on religion By Joseph M. Jones Introducing the increased, study shows 46 CHRISTIAN BAPTISM: The Shack makes a good Who got it right? case for a good God. By E. B. Self A review by John D. Pierce 50 53 62 FAITH & SCIENCE: The question of extraterrestrial life and its Cover photo by John D. Pierce. Emily Hull McGee (left) and Amy McClure of First Baptist Church on Fifth in Winston-Salem, N.C., are among a growing number of younger women providing pastoral leadership theological significance of historic Baptist churches. Story on page 4. By Paul Wallace

Worth Repeating ...... 8 Lighter Side ...... 20 Classifieds ...... 40 Editorial ...... 9 Recognition & Remembrance ...... 40 Reblog ...... 56 Livin! Neighborl" FACING SOME FIRSTS AT FIRST ON FIFTH STORY AND PHOTO BY JOHN D. PIERCE

INSTON-SALEM, N.C. — Stately churches with rich W histories find themselves in a whole new world from decades, even centu- ries ago. The prestige of membership and civic influence of the golden days has passed. And, often, large configurations of aging buildings require high maintenance costs and offer more space than a congre- gation and its partners need. Such sobering realities may bring churches to fresh consid- erations — including looking to young women ministers for pastoral leadership. Such is the case with First Baptist

Church of Winston-Salem, N.C., known FOR THE CHILDREN — Cynthia Je"ries (center) directs the Children’s Center of Winston-Salem’s locally as “First on Fifth.” That downtown First Baptist Church, a weekday childcare and early education program drawing 150 children. The location symbolically defines the congrega- church’s ministers, including pastor Emily Hull McGee (left) and associate pastor Amy McClure, pro- tion’s ministry said pastoral leaders Emily vide a weekly chapel service for the city’s first racially integrated childcare program. Hull McGee and Amy McClure. generation Baptist minister and graduate Emily said she is careful to use consis- of nearby Wake Forest University School of tent and purposeful language so both the TWO DOORS Divinity, of the neighborly emphasis. congregation and those who might tune in The front door opens onto the downtown She assumed the Winston-Salem from around the community can grasp the business community from which many of pastorate in 2015, coming from Highland church’s mission to love broadly and deeply, its members have long come. The back door Baptist Church in Louisville, Ky., where she and to create a “flourishing church life.” of the massive church complex faces some of was minister to young adults. She is just the Some of that is defined by common th the city’s low-income housing. 12 pastor of the historic church founded in language, she said, such as “beloved commu- “The church sits in the middle,” 1871, long before Winston merged with the nity” (used in her first sermon series) and said Amy, a Campbell University Divin- neighboring town of Salem. “living neighborly.” ity School graduate who joined the staff in Coming from good Baptist ministry 2015 and works with children and senior MATTERS stock, Emily knows that the pace of change adults and also provides pastoral care. “We Through the search process and into is important. But she senses the congrega- kind of like that visual because we have all her early years as pastor, Emily said she tion being ready to carve out some new kinds of people in our church.” has heard one concern above all others: ways of being church in a changing society. The church is seeking to engage with “A hunger for their church life to matter.” During the interim period prior to various communities around the church To that end, said Emily, the church her coming, Mike Queen, retired pastor of facilities through an emphasis on “living continues to discern and work toward a First Baptist Church of Wilmington, N.C., neighborly.” For example, during Lent, future that respects but doesn’t fully resem- warned the church that this is “not a time to members were encouraged to meet 40 ble the past, while seeking new ways to be safe, but bold.” Calling a 30-something neighbors in 40 days. fulfill its historic mission in the city. woman as pastor, said Emily, was evidence “It’s catching on,” said Emily, a third- Because Sunday services are televised, that the message was received and embraced.

4 Feature ASSETS Sometimes historic congregations that PAST AND PRESENT recall fuller pews and expansive building programs underestimate the less visible but “We’re not trying to recapture the past,” said longtime member and important resources within. First Baptist on historian Paul McCraw of First Fifth has much to leverage in effective and Baptist Church on Fifth in Winston- faithful ministry. Examples are plentiful. Salem. Rather, he said, the church In her pastoral care role, Amy guides is recovering the sensibility that a ministry program created by a gener- strong ministerial and lay leader- ous gift left to the church by one family. ship work together to meet the It provides mental health counseling for needs of today. more than 100 persons annually. The historic congregation, “Arts are a huge piece of the city’s he noted, was long known for its CHANGE identity,” said Amy, noting that the art worship — with excellent music The church is marked by long-tenured district is just two blocks from the church. and preaching — as well as a pastorates, a sign of church health. Before commitment to missions. Connections are made through the congre- the interim period and Emily’s calling, Missions, however, was largely gation’s Open Doors Arts Ministry. David Hughes led the church through defined by support for overseas Among the church’s collaborative missionaries until a shift occurred in changing times for 22 years before his retire- ministries is the Winston-Salem Street the 1950s, influenced by American ment in 2013. School, a private high school alterna- Baptist minister and theologian Other long-tenured pastors included tive based on Christian principles that Harvey Cox who paid a visit. H.A. Brown, beginning in 1877 and guides students toward completion of their “We became very strong in serving for 40 years; John Jester, who served education. local, urban ministry,” said McCraw, from 1922–1935; and Ralph Herring, Some ministries are directly connected “and we are recovering this now.” 1936–1961. to the church while others are independent, Randall Lolley was pastor from 1962 with church members deeply involved. until resigning in 1974 to become presi- A signature ministry — seen and SPACE dent of Southeastern Baptist Theological heard throughout the week — is the Large, sprawling buildings give the church Seminary. “Randall casts a large shadow — Children’s Center that serves 150 children high visibility but don’t necessarily meet the in a good way,” said Emily. from 8-weeks-old to preschool, with after- congregation’s current ministry needs. For Some of today’s current members were school programs for those up to age 12. example, said Emily, the five large gathering married by Lolley in the church’s chapel, Emily’s three children are in the faith- spaces are more than needed, while green Emily noted, and have fond memories of based, childcare program, causing her to space is limited. those years in church life. Yet they desire slip around when in that portion of the So the church is taking bold steps to for their church life to matter today in fresh building to avoid being spotted. better align their facilities with needs and to new ways. Founded 50 years ago, the Children’s be better stewards of resources. Not only does pastoral leadership look Center was the first such program in the “We want to show how old space can different now, she said. “Another shift has county to be racially integrated and contin- be reimagined and used to serve a purpose been in the behind-the-scenes way things ues to serve a diverse community. today,” said Emily. function,” such as the work of committees One ministry, tied to a separate One recent example was taking a former and deacons. non-profit organization in which several parlor that had become an underused library Efforts are being made, said Emily, to First Baptist members are involved, builds and renovating it into a gathering space prior “bridge the gap between older members and ramps for persons needing easier access to to worship. new families coming into the church.” their homes. Started in 2001, the volun- Even bigger changes are in the works. Healthy, historic congregations face teers completed their 1,000th ramp earlier A “special committee on buildings and rather than fear change — although risk is this year. mission” was created to explore and propose a natural companion of bold faith. These Through these varied ministries, said bold moves “to align the mission of the young pastoral leaders sense a congrega- Amy, “we want people in the community church with its physical assets.” tion willing to embrace such uncertainty to know they are loved.” Change is continually taking place at balanced by purposefulness. The church’s four missional priorities, old First Baptist on Fifth, a name that distin- “We’re learning to be OK with the under which these and other ministries guishes the congregation from the historic unknown,” said Amy. “To lean into the fall, are education, arts, poverty/hunger African-American First Baptist Church on unknown and follow the Spirit, rather than and hospitality. Highland Avenue in Winston-Salem. trying to find a formula.” NFJ

Feature 5 PHOTOS BY BRUCE GOURLEY

PRAISE FOR CRITICS — Author and educator Kirby Godsey, during a “conversation” with editor John Pierce, recalled his retirement after 27 years as president of Mercer University when he thanked his critics for making him a better leader. “You have to realize that the people who are being critical aren’t bad people; they may be wrong, but we have to remember they are just as much people of God as we are.” Educator, author Kirby Godsey honored, interviewed at annual Judson-Rice event

LPHARETTA, Ga. — While Kirby Godsey is widely known for his 27 years as president of Mercer Univer- A sity, he is also “a poet in the stunning way he uses words, a professor in the provocative way he teaches, a preacher in the charismatic way he speaks, and a prophet in the forthright way he challenges,” said church historian Walter B. Shurden. Shurden, retired from Mercer University, presented his tribute on behalf of the Board of Directors of Nurturing Faith/ Baptists Today, Inc., at the 17th annual Judson-Rice Award Dinner, April 27, hosted by Johns Creek Baptist Church north of Atlanta.

TRIBUTE “Kirby Godsey is an intellectual who thinks both critically and fairly,” Shurden added, and “a collegial, visionary and imaginative SWEET MUSIC — The Atlanta jazz ensemble, Jody Mayfield and Friends, leader.” provided beautiful and inspiring music courtesy of Johns Creek Baptist Church in Alpharetta, Ga., hosts of the 17th annual Judson-Rice Award Dinner. Young would-be leaders, said Shurden, would do well to “save their leadership books for a rainy day and simply sit in a commit- tee meeting [Godsey] chairs and watch carefully, listen attentively and make meticulous notes.”

6 Feature Above these many gifts, Shurden not arrogant in our criticism — because helped raise them in rural Hackleburg, Ala. added, Godsey is “a man of abundant grace sometimes we can be wrong in our criticism A borrowed cow provided the milk and and enormous generosity” and “is as good or late.” butter they needed. and stimulating company as one can find.” He pointed to issues such as slavery, “My grandmother Janie taught me A denominational leadership award is segregation and gay rights as times the about grace,” he said. “She didn’t just talk somewhat ill fitting, said Shurden, in that church has been late in standing up for about it; she lived it.” Godsey was often at odds with denomi- injustice and inequality. “She believed that life should be national leaders, and “I happen to know When asked about the cure for what defined by our hopes rather than our fears, that the fewer denominational meetings he Godsey has called “the plague of certainty,” by our dreams rather than our troubles” he attended, the happier he was.” the Mercer University chancellor responded: said. “And my mother taught me fortitude Yet, Shurden gave “four of many reasons” “Faith is the cure for certainty.” and determination.” the award named for Baptist pioneers Adoni- However, he acknowledged, “fear often He credited his wife’s influence, ram Judson, Ann Hasseltine Judson, and prevents us from having faith” although “we insights and support as being most influen- Luther Rice is appropriately given. are, first, people of faith.” tial in his life: “Joan Stockstill Godsey is the First, he pointed to Godsey’s advocacy Godsey was asked how he handled greatest human being I have ever known.” of Baptist ideas such as religious liberty and harsh criticism — such as being branded Philosophically and theologically, freedom of conscience, saying, “He is a best a heretic by Georgia Baptist Convention Godsey credited Paul Tillich (for teaching friend to Baptist convictions.” representatives in 1997 and called “an him to “always look for larger language to Second, Shurden commended Godsey unmitigated theological disaster” by one describe God”); Alfred North Whitehead for pulling and stretching the Baptist Southern Baptist leader — with remarkable (for teaching him “that God is present in community to be its best self. He quoted grace. He shared a personal experience that every creative event”); Martin Buber (for from Godsey’s 2005 book, Centering Our puts such matters in perspective for him. teaching him “that we know God best in our Souls: “Baptists were not called to become Walking out of the Baptist meeting in relationship to one another — I-Thou”); one more corporate giant in neon lights; Perry, Ga., at which state convention repre- and Nels Ferré (for insights about “ultimate Baptists were called to be simple priests, sentatives affirmed the heresy charge against universal redemption”). bearers of light, a family of faith living out him, Godsey said he received a call from his the reality of God’s presence in the world.” daughter telling him her husband had died LEADING Third, he affirmed, “we honor Dr. from a brain tumor. Regarding leadership and strategic think- Godsey because of the way he urged us as “I realized that you have to keep life ing, Godsey offered three words of advice Baptists to join our faith with critical and in perspective and not to take criticism too — beginning with good listening: “Listen- careful thought; … he taught us that faith personally,” he said. “You have to realize ing is perhaps the most underrated habit of and learning are dear friends, not cruel that the people who are being critical aren’t a good leader.” enemies.” bad people; they may be wrong, but we have Second, he said, a leader has to genuinely Fourth, Shurden noted, Godsey has to remember they are just as much people of respect those he or she is called to lead. “quietly, sometimes clandestinely, held God as we are.” And, third, a leader must be willing to up the various arms of denominational Godsey recalled a celebration of his take a stand and make a decision. life.” He particularly thanked Godsey for retirement from Mercer at which he thanked “There’s a time to consider; there’s his support of Nurturing Faith (formerly his critics. “My critics made me a better a time to think; and then there’s a time to Baptists Today) as an independent source of president,” he said. “They made me a better decide,” he said. “Some leaders wait, hoping news and practical resources. Baptist, and critics help you realize what you for the perfect decision to be made.” Director Cynthia Holmes of St. Louis, believe and why you believe something.” “What is needed, however, is not Mo., presented the Judson-Rice Award a perfect decision,” he added. “What is to Godsey, on behalf of the Nurturing INFLUENCES needed is a good decision.” Faith/Baptists Today Board of Directors. Concerning the influencers in his life — Godsey commended Nurturing Faith Following the tribute and award presenta- personally, spiritually and professionally for providing needed information and tion, Nurturing Faith editor John Pierce — Godsey pointed first to three women: his resources, saying Baptists have never needed conducted a “conversation” with Godsey on grandmother Janie, his mother Chloe and this “voice” more so than today. He affirmed a range of subjects. his wife of 58 years, Joan. the expanding publishing ministry’s respect “My mother was two months pregnant for religious diversity, and encouraged CRITICS with me when my father was killed in efforts to continuingly “struggle to maintain Concerning his role as “a loyal critic of an accident,” he recalled. This created a religious and intellectual freedom.” the Christian church in America,” Godsey challenge for his mother, who already had “There is no other voice like Nurturing said “We should be faithful critics, but two sons, and for his grandmother who Faith,” he added. NFJ

Feature 7 “Everybody is kind of related in some way, ’cause they came from God.” Worth —Child’s response when asked by video company Cut to describe God (Hu!Po) Repeating

“… [T]he way we treat marginalized “Racism and racial bigotry is a “Representing Christ means and vulnerable people, those Jesus gospel issue, and overcoming our respecting the God-bestowed described as least among us, is the human divisions in a new multi- dignity of all human beings, and way we treat God.” cultural community was at the a#rming the rights which are theirs

—Judge Wendell Gri!en, pastor of New center of the vocation of the by virtue of their humanity.” Millennium Baptist Church in Little Rock, Ark. early church.” —Kerry Walters, professor emeritus of (Justice is a Verb! blog) —Jim Wallis, president of Sojourners philosophy at Gettysburg College (Hu!Po)

“If Jesus could welcome the “My ‘sincerely held religious “Partisan politics have no place in Samaritan woman; love the rich belief’ should not allow me to our pulpits. In fact, it’s the absence young ruler; heal the beloved servant discriminate against others on of that very thing — partisan politics of a Roman centurion; and help the the basis of things they cannot — that gives us the power to speak Syrophoenician mother and her change. No workaround to the with moral authority on issues of troubled little girl, then God’s way is First Amendment and existing law the day.” unmistakably clear: Loving, accepting is needed to solve this ‘problem,’ —Suzii Paynter, executive coordinator for the communities are of God; isolation because it should not be a problem Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (cb"log.com) and loneliness are not.” if we follow the Golden Rule.” —Pastor Bill Coates of First Baptist Church of —Mark Wingfield, associate pastor of Wilshire “I love the church, but I also know Gainesville, Ga. (Gainesville Times) Baptist Church in Dallas, Texas that we can’t fix what we refuse to (Dallas Morning News) acknowledge.” “It’s a double-edged sword for —Sarah Bessey, who started the trending the [Chinese] government. They “New Christian dietary rules hashtag #ThingsOnlyChristianWomenHear (Hu!Po) think religion can maybe provide introduced by Benedictine monks some stability in a society that is around the year 1,000 forbade racing forward and doesn’t have people from eating any four-legged “The goal is to show and to a center of gravity. … But religion animals during fasting periods. educate people about the many creates values that are above Chickens and their eggs were the ways that the Bible has impacted any government values, ideas of perfect loophole, making chickens America, not just our history but justice, of righteousness, of truth suddenly a far more appealing in terms of civil rights and social and these things can come back to menu item.” justice to fashion.” haunt the party.” —Science writer Alasdair Wilkins on how —Steve Bickley, vice president of marketing —Ian Johnson, author of The Souls of China: Christianity contributed to the advancement for the Museum of the Bible, set to open in The Return of Religion After Mao (USA Today) of chicken dinners (Vocativ) Washington, D.C., in November (Fox News)

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8 Thoughts EDITORIAL Why does American Christianity reflect so little of Jesus? By John D. Pierce

uch of what is presented as Chris- it’s contained. While baffling on the surface, this shift tianity in America seems way off This approach to salvation produced an is understandable underneath. Just listen Mbase from what Jesus revealed as attitude of exclusivity and arrogance: “I’ve to what drives this brand of Americanized truth and life. got it right; everyone else has it wrong.” religion: Fear. Some will argue with the premise, Fear of diversity. Fear of uncertainty. but the evidence is staggering. What gets Two: Christian ethics were Fear that God may be unmanageable. Fear advanced as “Christian” in America is redefined in purely political of any new light. largely defined by alignment with ideolo- terms. Compassion is the casualty of fear, gies unrecognizable in the Gospel accounts although Jesus said it should be the other No more is Christ-like behavior the standard of the one in whose name we were baptized. way around. He repeatedly said, “Fear not!” by which one is deemed Christian. Rather it This devolution of faith and practice and showed compassion at every turn. is one’s unwavering support for particular can be traced to various points of political The whole prophetic tradition built on political positions and theological shifting, and the eroding speaking truth to power and standing up ginned up in recent of basic ethical principles of truthfulness, for the marginalized — often at great cost cultural wars. justice, humility and compassion. — is now lost. Instead, the emphasis is on The consis- Here are three ways many expressions gaining toe holds in the political structure tent biblical calls for of American Christianity veered off track: aimed at benefitting one’s own causes and justice, equality and gaining a prime seat at the table of power. humility — voiced One: Formularizing salvation and demonstrated at Three: Hard, ongoing aspects into an easy, multi-step pro- great cost by proph- of discipleship have been cess allowed for this shift. ets and God’s own traded for an affirmation of Salvation became an end rather than a start- Son — have been squeezed out by a new, narrow doctrinal beliefs. ing point — a “plan” rather than a journey. narrow ethical standard: primarily political A restrictive, inflexible and cocksure For well-intended evangelistic pur- opposition to homosexuality and abortion. approach to biblical doctrine has created an poses, a stop sign, rather than a yield sign, As convenient, other political positions aura of exclusivity that portrays the kingdom was erected at the end of the Roman Road. get tossed in with these two and branded as of God as a clubhouse to be guarded rather This formularized faith allowed for signing “Christian.” Just listen to what gets cast as than a life-giving, sacrificial way of living. onto Bill Bright’s “Four Spiritual Laws,” “the Christian” perspective in America today. This approach equates narrow inter- often at the cost of Jesus’ two. There is a left-sided political approach pretations of biblical doctrine as the only An emphasis was placed on following to Christianity, as well, but not nearly as authoritative embrace of the scriptures the precise steps that lead to verifiable faith, definitive and powerful as the religious right — while ignoring such hard questions as: rather than the lifelong journey of disciple- that has turned evangelicals into a voting “Lord, when did we see you hungry or ship to which Jesus called all who dared to bloc and the so-called Christian faith into a thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or follow. Doubt was sold as the enemy of faith. political agenda. sick or in prison, and did not help you?” Encapsulating the salvation experi- Placing such political allegiance above American Christianity is in need of ence into a neatly packaged one-and-done Christ-like behavior allows for mean- salvation. If, indeed, conviction comes process produced a welcomed certainty that spiritedness and dishonesty, excused as first: let us check the attributes associated eliminates mystery and struggles and risks. means on the way to a greater end. There- with such religious/political perspectives as In doing so, the gospel was turned on fore, “Christian” for many today means to compared to the life and teachings of Jesus. its head by the very people claiming the ostracize and condemn the very people on It is hard to call people to Jesus if he is strongest allegiance to scriptures in which the margins of life that Jesus embraced. unrecognizable. NFJ

Thoughts 9 The big however More education means less religious commitment — unless you’re Christian

BY EMILY MCFARLAN MILLER Religion News Service

t’s a popular belief: The more educated a person is, the less religious he or she I likely will be. And it’s mostly right, according to an analysis of Pew Research Center surveys released in April. “It’s certainly our sense that, if anything, that might be the conventional wisdom that higher levels of educational attainment are linked with religiosity. That said, I am aware there are scholars, sociolo- gists, who in recent years have begun to call adults — don’t seem to fit the pattern at all. 46 percent with at least some high school, that into question,” said Gregory Smith, Christians with higher levels of educa- according to Pew. associate director for research at the Pew tion (70 percent, combining all measures) Fully three-quarters of college gradu- Research Center. appear to be just as religious as those with ates still are affiliated with some religion, “This is our attempt to weigh in with less schooling (73 percent of those with not much different from those with some data from the Religious Landscape Study.” some college and 71 percent with some high college (76 percent) or high school (78 American adults with higher levels of school), according to the analysis. They are percent), for example, according to Pew. education do report lower levels of religious almost equally likely at all education levels College graduates also report attending commitment by most measures, according to pray daily, attend worship services weekly weekly religious services at similar rates as to Pew’s analysis. and say they believe in God with absolute Americans with less education. “I think the answer is, ‘Well, it’s certainty. But more college graduates identify as complicated.’ On the one hand, if you In fact, highly educated Christians atheist or agnostic: 11 percent, compared just look at the public as a whole, there’s are most likely (52 percent) to say they with 8 percent with some college and no question people with the highest levels are weekly churchgoers, compared with 4 percent of those with no more than a high of educational attainment tend to be less 45 percent of those with some college and school education, according to the analy- religious than those with lower levels of sis. Those aren’t large numbers, but Smith educational attainment,” Smith said. pointed out that still makes college gradu- Fewer than half of college graduates, or ates almost three times as likely to identify 46 percent, say religion is “very important” as atheist or agnostic than those who have in their lives, compared with 53 percent no more than a high school education. of those who have completed some college While the numbers are not huge, they and 58 percent of those with no more than are statistically significant, he said. Most a high school education, according to Pew. of the data analyzed comes from Pew’s College grads also are less likely to say they 2014 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey of believe in God “with absolute certainty” more than 35,000 Americans reached on and pray daily. randomly dialed cellphones and landlines. But there are exceptions. The “big The margin of error for results based on the Students walk through campus at Gordon however,” Smith said, is that Christians College during the spring of 2016. Photo by full sample in that survey is plus or minus — the majority (71 percent) of American Mark Spooner, courtesy of Gordon College 0.6 percentage points. NFJ

10 Information Philosopher who argued for God wins Templeton Prize

BY CHRIS HERLINGER Foundation’s statement said. in transforming the field of philosophy, he Religion News Service Until Plantinga, many philosophers “would be very pleased.” viewed theistic belief as logically incompat- “I hope the news of the prize will merican scholar Alvin Plantinga, ible with the reality of evil. Countering that, encourage young philosophers, especially a pioneering advocate for theism, Plantinga, whose own those who bring Christian and theistic A or belief in God, as a serious philo- religious tradition perspectives to bear on their work, towards sophical position within academic circles, is Dutch Christian greater creativity, integrity, and boldness,” was named the winner of the 2017 Temple- Reformed, argued Plantinga said. ton Prize. that, “in a world with The Templeton Prize, worth about Plantinga, 84, a retired professor at the free creatures, God $1.4 million, was established in 1972 by University of Notre Dame, won the award cannot determine the late investor and philanthropist Sir for revolutionizing “the way we think,” said their behavior, so John Templeton. It is one of the world’s Heather Templeton Dill, president of the even an omnipotent largest awarded to a single individual and John Templeton Foundation, which awards God might not be “honors a living person who has made the annual prize. able to create a world an exceptional contribution to affirming “Alvin Plantinga recognized that not where all creatures will always freely choose life’s spiritual dimension, whether through only did religious belief not conflict with to do good,” the announcement said. insight, discovery, or practical works,” serious philosophical work, but that it could Plantinga’s landmark 1974 God, according to the foundation, which is based make crucial contributions to addressing Freedom, and Evil is now “almost univer- in West Conshohocken, Pa. perennial problems in philosophy,” said sally recognized as having laid to rest the Previous Templeton winners have Dill, announcing the award. logical problem of evil against theism,” the included Mother Teresa, Aleksander Because of Plantinga’s influence, it is foundation noted. Solzhenitsyn and Archbishop Desmond no longer unusual for philosophy profes- In a statement, Plantinga, who taught Tutu. The 2016 Templeton laureate was sors to bring their religious commitments at the University of Notre Dame for 18 Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks, the former to bear on their work, whether they be years until retiring in 2010, struck a modest chief rabbi of the United Hebrew Congre- Buddhist, Jewish or Muslim, the Templeton note, saying that if his work played a role gations of the British Commonwealth. NFJ

The Bible – helpful, but not read much morals. More than a third say it is helpful today (37 percent), true (36 percent) or BY ADELLE M. BANKS disparate approaches to the Christian life-changing (35 percent). And far fewer Religion News Service Scriptures. For instance, Northeastern- say it is outdated (14 percent), bigoted (8 ers are less likely to give it a look than percent) or harmful (7 percent). he Bible may be a source of wisdom people in other regions. And men are less So why don’t people read the Bible? for many Americans, but most don’t inclined than women to pick it up. They: T read it for themselves, a new survey One in 5 Americans have read the shows. More than half have read little or entire Bible at least once — includ- none of it, reports LifeWay Research. ing 9 percent who have read it through “Even among worship attendees, multiple times. Just over half (53 percent) less than half read the Bible daily,” said have read relatively little of it, and 1 in 10 Scott McConnell, executive director of haven’t read it at all. the evangelical research firm based in Researchers found that Americans Nashville, Tenn. tend to view the Bible positively, with half (9 percent). The survey of 1,000 people found (52 percent) saying it is a good source for NFJ

Information 11 Hospitality in unexpected places

BY DEVIN HARRIS!DAVIS catching up. I keep their younger daugh- inspiring words spoken by other volun- ter while her mother works on freelance teers, residents and staff. My husband ine months before my wedding projects. shared those same sentiments after helping day, I found myself in a housing Those nine months had a great impact her move some belongings to her new N dilemma. The lease on my apart- on my life and my way of understand- apartment. ment was ending, my roommates were ing community. Even more important, My role in this organization is unique. dispersing, and I worked at a nonprofit with those months were an incredible depiction In the non-profit sector, resources are limited a salary too modest to afford housing on my of hospitality as exemplified through the and staff members often wear thinly veiled own. compassion of Christ Jesus. looks of exhaustion. Ministry, whether in Fortunately, I knew that a professor Years later I find myself experiencing a congregation or a nonprofit, is far more from my alma mater, Georgetown College, hospitality in a new context. In 2015 I was sustainable if the staff receives care, too. had housed several recent graduates in his asked to serve on the board of Scott County I work alongside the three women on family home during periods of transition. I Hospitality House (SCHH) in Georgetown, staff who take care of the daily responsibili- nervously approached him and his wife to Ky. SCHH provides a transitional home ties, from grant writing to case management ask for a temporary room in their house- for women and children working toward to candle making. I serve as a sounding hold. We met for dinner to discuss the financial stability. board when days are tough. I roll up my details, and they invited me into their home The home contains laughter, tears, sleeves when candle orders are overwhelm- for those nine months. hopes and dreams. Friendships have begun ing. And I celebrate when we receive word The day I arrived, with boxes and and flourished as of additional grant funding. furniture in tow, they told me that they families find a new, Transformation in the house is not were expecting a baby to be born toward the sustainable normal. without pain and struggle. Ministry end of my stay. Even though their lives were Our social enter- certainly has its shadow side burdened by about to change with the birth of a second prise, Makin’ It, loss, grief and failure. In places of hospitality daughter, they assured me that space was in which we make there are also broken dishes and hardened plentiful. and sell candles words. It became quickly evident that this act for our mission, While many residents emerge from of hospitality extended beyond space amd leads to time spent the program having found stability, there into their lives. We shared a living room, pouring wax over are some whose life patterns are difficult to dining room and kitchen, but more. We life conversations. After months of hard escape. When a resident leaves the program shared meals and conversations. I shared work and intensive community, residents prior to graduation, everyone involved in wedding plans and details of our move are celebrated through a graduation service the community feels the loss. following the wedding. They shared stories attended by staff, volunteers and friends. Vulnerability in sharing a home with of doctor appointments and encounters with Hospitality is poured out through others allows you to experience some of neighbors. Their lifestyle encouraged me to the support of our community, but also life’s greatest joys, but it also opens you live sacramentally, finding the beauty in life’s found in the daily running of the house. up to experiencing the pain of unfulfilled little moments shared in community. Women and children are doing life together, expectations. Our community is journeying Life under the same roof has its alongside our dedicated staff and generous together through both the excitement and occasional challenges. We exercised patience volunteers. The gospel story is lived out the disappointment. as we maneuvered around each other in through care and love for the other who has I find hospitality in practice here, in their small kitchen. We rearranged cabinet become neighbor. the grain of a wax-laden table, in the dirty storage to make room for everyone’s grocer- One resident blossomed from an dishes that fill the sink, in the flowers in ies, and we spent many nights tip-toeing already impressive, creative person into one the yard planted by our biggest supporters. around the house to avoid waking a sleep- who knew her own potential. Her face lit up There is hospitality here, just as I found it ing child. The pouring out and receiving of as she volunteered at the church next door, when a home was first extended to me in grace are necessary in order to live alongside where she helped community members find my time of need. NFJ others, especially in close quarters. warm clothing in the middle of the cold, To this day, the five of us, including my Kentucky winter. —Devin Harris-Davis is a student husband, share a friendship. We go to their Though I was unable to attend at the Baptist Seminary of Kentucky house for potluck meals and spend time her graduation ceremony, I heard of the in Georgetown, Ky.

12 Thoughts BEING CHURCH IN CHANGING TIMES A column provided in collaboration with the Center for Healthy Churches (chchurches.org) Learning to navigate diversity Barry Howard

ne of the most enriching and gants may be affiliated with political But from a positive perspective, a high level fatiguing things about church parties, subsidiary groups within each of diversity provides many kingdom oppor- O life these days is the vast diversity party, PACS and lobbying groups. tunities and benefits: within most local congregations. Theological diversity: Multiple strands of Here are 10 areas of church ministry theological influence, from both academic that illustrate this proliferation of diversity: and folk theology, are represented in the respect varying points of view. DNA of most local congregations. Generational diversity: There are now spiritual backgrounds tend to provide four to six generations present on any Unfortunately, there was no course offered multiple perspectives that enrich the overall given Sunday in many multi-generational in seminary on “Navigating diversity.” ministry of the church. churches. Churches basically are going to do one of Translation diversity: Members of our two things in regards preserve the unity of the Spirit in the congregation read a variety of Bible trans- to diversity. bonds of peace” (Eph. 4:3), that congre- lations, and I am sure there are a dozen They will either gation can be a powerful witness to the or more different translations present each limit diversity, by transformative power of the gospel. time I preach. becoming a highly Racial and ethnic diversity: There are specialized and of diverse spiritual gifts, talents and skill multiple races, ethnicities and cultural homogenized church. sets. backgrounds present within most congre- For example, they will gations. focus on ministry to picture of the diversity of God’s universal Worship time diversity: Many churches one or two genera- family. have multiple worship services. tions, allow “only” one Bible translation, or Worship style diversity: Our church has promote only one theological perspective. Congregations are more diverse today than two Sunday morning worship services, Or, they will embrace their diversity and at any point in their history. And indications each involving a different style of worship. leverage it for kingdom purposes. are that diversity will increase exponentially. Curriculum diversity: Rather than a Does this expanded diversity have a To effectively navigate diversity, it is imper- standard denominational literature, our positive or negative effect on a congregation? ative for any church, especially a highly church uses multiple curricula in Sunday I think it depends on how ministers and diverse congregation, to share a common school and Bible study groups. ministry leaders circumnavigate the diversity. commitment to following Jesus, to look to Missional partnership diversity: Rather the Bible as their spiritual compass, and to than having a singular missional partner- *** covenant to engage in worship and ministry ship, many of our churches contribute From a potentially negative perspective, to and network with multiple mission there are many ways diversity makes minis- in a sphere of mutual respect. partners. try more challenging: Ministers and church leaders are Denominational background diversity: discovering that negotiating and arbitrat- Unlike years ago when most new members - ing diversity in a “big tent church” is highly came from another Baptist church, today cate across diverse platforms. demanding, a task requiring non-partisan there are persons from various denomi- - pastoral guidance. national traditions represented in our try initiatives or activities for a diverse However, churches that embrace their congregation. congregation can become cumbersome. diversity and learn to navigate it wisely may Political diversity: Whereas in my first discover their diversity to be a wellspring of church the congregation seemed to be ordinary diversity can weary the staff. kingdom potential. NFJ pretty evenly divided between the two —Barry Howard is pastor of the First primary political parties, today congre- potential for conflict. Baptist Church in Pensacola, Fla.

Thoughts 13 Religion and our nation’s unrest By G. Todd Wilson

Much unrest in our country today to lower birth rates among white Ameri- Anxious about the loss of the old order cans there was considerable immigration and the emergence of the new one, they see has to do with religion. When our from Asia, bringing more ethnic, racial and themselves struggling for survival in a post- nation was founded some people religious (Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, etc.) Christian society and fear a loss of identity. wanted to make the U.S. a Chris- minorities. The other critical factor is the In a sense we are testing what it means increasing number of religiously unaffiliated to be an American and how religion fits tian nation (Protestant and white young whites who now comprise one in five into that. We have never faced such diver- in nature), but the founding fathers Americans. sity as we do now, so we are struggling. decided on a secular state with Earlier, southern evangelical churches Candidly, some Christians believe it in particular supported slavery — would betray their faith to be inclusive. guarantees of religious freedom quoting chapter and verse from the Bible. Also, studies show little substance to the and without religious tests. Then many of them supported the Jim faith of many contemporary churchgoers. Crow laws and opposed the Civil Rights Theirs is a blend of American nationalism he nation did not pursue a strict Movement. They also opposed women’s and generic ethics, more of a civil religion. separation, however, and there was rights and now oppose gay rights. Shallow faith is simply not strong a fair amount of intermingling such T Surveys suggest enough to deal with the challenges of such as chaplains and prayers in Congress, oaths the top three attri- a diverse culture. Therefore, many fight in courts, and prayers and Bible readings butes young Ame- for a more restrictive understanding of in schools. From the beginning the U.S. ricans associate with the American family and desperately want has lived in the tension of some seeing the religion are anti-gay, cultural and governmental sanction of nation in a special relationship with God judgmental and hyp- their beliefs. and others focusing on the free exercise of ocritical. Ironically, There is hope that others can lead the religion. every major moral way in tolerance, humility and respect. Most would agree that Christianity advance has been led What is crucial is that we get to know has been an important part of upholding by people of faith, one another and learn there are very good America’s moral and political health. Yet the but the last place of resistance has been in people who hold different perspectives. nation has struggled when the majority has churches. faced other religious traditions. There is also an economic factor to With the Internet and social media When Catholics came to the U.S. in the current unrest. With globalization and cutting down on personal communication, considerable numbers in the 1850s, many technological developments, less-educated we are in danger of becoming a society of U.S. citizens felt that the hierarchical struc- whites in particular are concerned about strangers. Yet when we take the time to ture of the church threatened our American competition for jobs. Still, studies show get to know one another, we learn that the experiment. This did not abate until the the real concern is more cultural than other is not to be feared. election of John Kennedy as president. economic. Theologian Hans Küng was correct By the 1950s, thinking progressed Immigration, terrorism, abortion that peace among religions is essential to the point that Will Herberg suggested and gay rights are seen as threats to our to peace among nations. We can demon- the faith community consisted of country’s way of life. As a result, a rising strate that in our homeland, overcome our Protestant-Catholic-Jew. Still, white Protes- nationalism — that thrives on xenophobia division and be at peace. Then we really tants remained the most visible face of — is challenging globalization. can be a beacon of light and an instrument American religion and would do so for the What used to be a fairly homog- to bring peace to all nations. NFJ first two-thirds of the 20th century. enous society is now quite diverse. This Beginning in the 1970s two factors is disturbing to many who think Ameri- —Todd Wilson is retired from the pastorate marked a significant change. In addition ca’s moral and spiritual core is being lost. of First Baptist Church of Clemson, S.C.

14 Thoughts Worldwide restrictions on religion increased, study shows

BY EMILY MCFARLAN MILLER of acts of religious hostility by individuals, could be linked to the influx of refugees to Religion News Service organizations or groups, a jump from 23 the region, according to Pew. percent in 2014, according to the data. The number of people seeking asylum he number of countries with “high That happened in a year when European in Europe nearly doubled in 2015, reaching levels” of restrictions on religion due countries welcomed an increasing number 1.3 million migrants. Of those, more than T to government policies or actions of refugees, religion-related terror attacks half were from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq, of people increased in 2015, reversing a rocked France and people with albinism where the majority of the populations are downward trend, according to a new study. were targeted for rituals by witch doctors in Muslim, and Kishi noted some European A total of 40 percent of surveyed sub-Saharan Africa, the report said. public officials made the assumption most countries registered “high” or “very high” Kishi said it’s too soon to tell if the refugees also were Muslim. levels of overall restrictions, according to increase is a blip or a trend. The uptick came as Europe experi- Pew Research Center’s annual study on Of the five regions surveyed by Pew, enced several religion-related terror attacks, global restrictions on religion, released in the Middle East-North Africa region had such as the shooting at the offices of Charlie April. That’s up from 34 percent in 2014, the highest percentage of countries register- Hebdo and the shootings and bombings at according to the data. ing government harassment or use of force the Bataclan concert hall and across Paris, The percentage had declined during against religious groups: 95 percent. attacks later claimed by ISIS. the previous two years, tumbling from 43 But Europe saw the largest increase, Overall, Egypt had the highest levels percent in 2012 to 39 percent in 2013, with 53 percent of the countries in the of government restrictions on religion in according to Katayoun Kishi, the primary region experiencing an uptick in govern- 2015, and Nigeria, the most social hostili- researcher on the study. ment harassment or force between 2014 and ties toward it. Of the 198 countries Pew surveyed, 25 2015. It came in second to the Middle East- Pew’s eighth study of global restric- percent reported “high” or “very high” levels North Africa with 89 percent of European tions on religion rates 198 countries using of government restriction, up just slightly countries experiencing harassment or force, two 10-point indexes, the Government from 24 percent in 2014. And 27 percent according to Pew. Restrictions Index and the Social Hostilities reported “high” or “very high” numbers Some of those instances in Europe Index. NFJ.

U.S. commission: Russia a major violator of religious freedom

BY LAUREN MARKOE wielding an anti-extremist law to violate while violence against Christians in those Religion News Service the religious freedom of Muslims and nations remains a horrific problem, the other minorities. Most recently, Russia commission wanted to highlight the he State Department should add banned Jehovah’s Witnesses, labeling concrete steps that both governments Russia to its list of the worst viola- them “extremist” and ordering the state have taken to protect religious minorities. T tors of religious freedom, a U.S. to seize their properties. Still, Egypt and Iraq are on USCIRF’s commission declared in its annual report. “They’re treating these people like list of “Tier 2” countries, which are The U.S. Commission on Inter- they’re terrorists,” said Tom Reese, considered violators of religious freedom, national Religious Freedom, founded a Jesuit priest who chairs USCIRF, but not as problematic as the CPCs. to advise the federal government on referring to Russia’s treatment of the These16 countries are on USCIRF’s the issue, comes out with its own list of Witnesses. Globally, “the commission 2017 list of CPCs: Burma, Central shame each year, citing the most abusive has concluded that the state of affairs African Republic, China, Eritrea, Iran, countries in a lineup consistently longer for international religious freedom is Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, than the State Department’s. worsening in both the depth and breadth Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, This year, the USCIRF report of violations,” Reese said. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam. included a dissenting report from its USCIRF’s list this year differs from The 10 countries on the State vice chair criticizing the commission for its 2016 list with the addition of Russia, Department’s list of prime religious failing to investigate Israel. but also the dropping of Egypt and Iraq, freedom offenders, designated in 2016, In April, USCIRF recommended a move that may surprise some given are: Burma, China, Eritrea, Iran, North that the U.S. designate Russia as a continuing deadly attacks on Christians Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tajikistan, “country of particular concern,” for in those countries. But Reese said that Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. NFJ

Information 15 a great publisher nurturingfaith.net THEOLOGY IN THE PEWS One Faith, Many Voices By John R. Franke

In the letter to the Ephesians, the each other. They cannot fulfill the mission power differential that exists between to which they are called apart from their these traditions and those outside of the church is urged to “make every relation to the whole, for no single voice can dominant streams. e!ort to maintain the unity of comprehend or say all that needs to be said. In order to promote the Spirit-guided the Spirit in the bond of peace” Hence, none of the voices in the church is flourishing of the many voices in the independent of the rest. church, those with power must be willing because there is “one Lord, one The perspectives and theological to make use of it in such a way that enables faith, one baptism, one God and insights of one segment of the church are other voices to be expressed and heard in the Father of all, who is above all and intended for the benefit and edification of life of the church. the whole, but none of these are adequate for While the task of decentering the through all and in all.” all times and places. dominant voices and traditions in the church will be difficult and often painful to t the same time, the story of the This serves as ano- those who have been formed and privileged manifestation of the Spirit at ther caution against by them, such a process is necessary for the Pentecost found in the Acts of the the temptation of a A universal theology. witness of the church to the character of Apostles reminds us that the one faith is God and the gospel of Jesus Christ. expressed in many voices. In learning from For the sake of the gospel and the In relating these many voices to the one the voices of various community called to bear living witness to faith of the church, we turn to the metaphor theological traditions it, we must in humility consider the inter- of the church as a body provided in chapter and perspectives and ests and concerns of others before our own 12 of Paul’s first letter to the church at acknowledging the in keeping with the example of the Lord Corinth. significant contribu- of the church, “who, being in very nature Here we read that the Spirit is at work tions of each, all theologies and traditions of God, did not consider equality with God forming one body, one church out of many reflection are enriched. something to be grasped, but made himself parts in which a diversity of gifts are given The contextual and situated character nothing, taking the very nature of a servant” for the edification of the whole church: of any single perspective points to the need (Phil. 2:6-8). “Now there are varieties of gifts, but for a plurality of voices in the task of bearing That this is a matter of utmost impor- the same Spirit; and there are varieties of witness to the one faith. No single voice will tance for the witness of the gospel stems services, but the same Lord; and there are be adequate to account for the diversity of from the fact that the multiplicity of voices varieties of activities, but it is the same God the biblical witness and the traditions that in the church is not simply a fact but is also who activates all of them in everyone. To have emerged in Christian history. the Spirit-led intention of God. each is given the manifestation of the Spirit In fact, the exclusive reliance on one We cannot bear witness to the one for the common good” (vv. 4-7, NRSV). voice in the articulation of the gospel of faith alone. We were never intended to do The many voices of the Christian faith Jesus Christ will lead to a distortion of the so. We need each other. It cannot be other- represent the work of the Spirit in enabling one faith. Faithful witness requires a diver- wise. We are called to bear the image of the the church to bear witness to the kingdom sity of voices in relationship to each other. triune God. NFJ of God, with each one providing particular All voices must be expressed and heard, if understandings on behalf of the whole for the church is to bear witness to the kingdom the edification of the whole in witness to of God that is good news for all people. —John R. Franke is theologian in residence one common Lord. This poses a particular challenge for at Second Presbyterian Church in In addition, the various voices in the those who represent the dominant streams Indianapolis and general coordinator of the church are interdependent. They need of theological reflection because of the Gospel and Our Culture Network.

18 Thoughts The surprise in answering a call By Allison Kennedy Owen

ome pretty key biblical figures got for the purpose of starting over; but after a many faith communities together. Imagine called to do very specific things at year of worshiping and healing, I realized the joy of having most of your favorite S specific times. Mary was called to I couldn’t go forward with the long and people under one roof. be no less than Jesus’ mother. Moses was rigorous process. The main reason was an My CPE supervisor, Sam Naidoo, flew summoned to lead the Jewish people to the increased workload at my job. in from Texas. Tim Owings, former pastor Promised Land. Samuel became a prophet So I went to talk with Jimmy Elder, of First Baptist Augusta, played a stunning for Israel. pastor of First Baptist Church of Colum- piano piece, during which my tears started. We are all called — maybe not to do bus. After I confided all I’d been through, A former Lutheran pastor in Columbus, such Herculean tasks, but to do certain he said: “You know, now serving in Atlanta, surprised me by things at a specific time and place. we don’t do it that showing up. In 1996 I went to an Episcopal way.” And I said: Many Episcopalians worshiped with seminary. At the time I didn’t feel called “Yes. That’s why I’ve us, including my first priest from Augusta to be anything but a newspaper journal- come to see you.” and his wife; and three friends who are ist. However, I sought to ground my words I had met Catholic nuns — one of whom is my through further scholarship. Jimmy as I was about spiritual director. I was surrounded by people who would to leave Augusta, Ga., In my work in religion reporting I eventually become Episcopal priests. Some to go to seminary. He have written about many persons represent- joked that they wanted a bishop to ordain was serving a church ing many faiths. In my work as a hospice me in the middle of the night, e.g., in secret. in nearby Thomson at the time, and I had chaplain I come in contact with persons of I’d laugh and brush them off. interviewed him for the newspaper. all faiths, and no faith. It runs the gamut. Fast forward to 2011 when I took a We reconnected in the early 2000s, As I said in the ordination service, our “unit” (similar to a semester) of Clinical when I was at the Columbus paper and he denominational loyalties are true and real. I Pastoral Education (CPE) at St. Francis was called to First Baptist. We enjoyed a good don’t take away from any of that, nor from Hospital in Columbus, Ga. By that time I professional relationship, then kept up with my many wonderful years in the Episcopal had been on the religion beat for 13 years at one another during hospital rounds or as he Church. Everything is formational. But the Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. saw parishioners at Columbus Hospice. when you get down to it, denominational I knew from my seminary friends that I admire Jimmy for many reasons, but labels must be carried lightly enough to CPE reveals your psychosocial and spiritual a main one is his dedication to visiting the answer a call of love. NFJ “hot buttons” as you walk alongside suffer- sick and suffering. He takes pastoral care ing people and also provides regular feedback very seriously. —Allison Kennedy Owen is a chaplain at from a trained supervisor and your peers. In 2016 I joined First Baptist of Columbus Hospice in Columbus, Ga. She is From that rich experience I gained Columbus, and was ordained there on Jan. married to Michael Owen. They have two more training in a CPE residency at the 29, 2017. It was a glorious night of bringing spoiled cats, Bisquick and Smokey. same hospital, and left journalism. I became a hospice chaplain in 2012 and, over time, a call to ordination brewed. The place to go between issues of the Nurturing Faith Journal is I thought I might serve as an ordained person, both inside and outside the church NURTURINGFAITH.NET walls. I went through a rigorous “discern- > Blogs, breaking news, and the latest books, resources ment” process in 2014. At the end of it and experiences from Nurturing Faith an Episcopal bishop has the prerogative to > Daily religion news from around world, handpicked accept the people he/she wants, and I was by online editor Bruce Gourley not one of them. > Teaching resources, including video overviews and lesson A few months later my husband and plans, for the Nurturing Faith Bible Studies by Tony Cartledge I joined a church in a neighboring diocese

Thoughts 19 THE LIGHTER SIDE Protestant confession By Brett Younger

heologians who think Protestants following Christ?” do not confess sins are not paying We sat there — we were in his office, T attention. Inattentive historians so I didn’t get a kneeler — while I waited mistakenly believe that Protestants stopped for my heart to bubble. I do not have what doing penitence during the Reformation. many think of as big sins — no murder, They are right that Protestant churches no adultery, and no sorcery. I do have my are more likely to have a photo booth than share of hypocrisy, greed, and jealousy from a confessional booth. Pastors do not declare which to choose. absolution for juicy sins, because church After a minute that seemed longer I members do not tell their minister juicy said, “Bless me, Father, for I have sinned. sins. Protestant children do not memorize I can’t say how long it’s been since my last John 20:23: “Whose sins you shall forgive, confession since this is my first confession. they are forgiven them, and whose sins you Does that sound right?” shall retain, they are retained.” “Close enough.” What casual observers miss is that “Here’s my confession: I believe that Protestants have their own way of confession. God loves all people, but I love the people We confess not to, but for one another. We who love me. I covet applause and get do not need the grille that separates the priest defensive pretty fast. If someone doesn’t from the penitent, because we confess face to think much of me, then I just try to tolerate face and in groups. We confess by proxy. We them. I am polite, but I care less for people confess for those who are not present. who don’t care for me. I know that God’s The priesthood of the believers is grace is for everyone, but I pick who I love.” at work when Protestants act not only as going to lose Robert.” My priest said, “That is a serious sin, priests hearing confessions, but also as One of the few sins we don’t confess but I know exactly what your penance sinners who should be confessing. Protes- is gossip, because we confess others’ sins as should be.” tants offer the confessions that others are a public service. We share in the interest of I thought I was about to be instructed not ready to make. greater understanding. to say 10 “Our Fathers” or have to learn We confess lust: “James would get in I am curious how non-Protestants what comes after “Hail Mary, full of grace.” trouble if he was better looking.” experience confession, so I asked a Roman What he told me to do was much harder: We confess sloth: “Michael knows Catholic priest to hear my confession. We “Your penance is that you have to love everything there is to know about daytime were both surprised by this request. them. Will you do that?” television.” He asked, “Do you want to have a “I will pray to do that. I will ask God’s We confess dishonesty: “Susan finds conversation about confession?” help. I will learn to love them.” the truth uninteresting.” “No, I want to confess my sins. I want He spoke the words of absolution: We confess intemperance: “Why do you to do the priest thing. My knowledge “Through the ministry of the Church may you think bourbon is the main ingredient in is limited to television shows about priests, God give you pardon and peace. I absolve Linda’s pecan pie?” but I think I start with a list of my sins.” you from your sins in the name of the We confess anger: “Barbara and James “Don’t try to list everything you’ve Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy are fighting again. James’ third wife is done wrong. That doesn’t work.” Spirit.” laughing.” This was reassuring, as I had no I am a Protestant who needs to take my Private sins go public in prayer groups. interest in counting how many of the Ten sins and God’s grace more seriously. NFJ If you can’t say something nice, make it Commandments I had broken. sound like a prayer request: “We need to “Open your heart and see what bubbles —Brett Younger is the senior minister of pray for Robert to lose 20 pounds, or we are up to the top. What’s getting in the way of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, New York.

20 Thoughts LESSONS FOR JULY / AUGUST 2017

™ BIBLE STUDIES

The Bible Lessons that anchor the Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are written by Tony Cartledge in a scholarly, yet applicable, style from the wide range of Christian scriptures. A graduate of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary (M.Div) and Duke University (Ph.D.), and with years of experience as a pastor, writer, and professor at Campbell University, he provides deep insight for Christian living without “dumbing down” the richness of the biblical texts for honest learners.

IN THIS ISSUE IN THE NEXT ISSUE ATTENTION TEACHERS: HERE’S YOUR PASSWORD! Forward Progress Forward Progress > The updated Nurturing Faith web site July 2 Sept. 3 Genesis 22:1-14 (nurturingfaith.net) provides a fresh Exodus 3:1-15 The Closest Call look and easy access to the Teaching Meeting Mr. Is Resources to support these Weekly July 9 Sept. 10 Lessons. Subscribers may log into Song of Songs 2:1-17 Exodus 12:1-14 the online resources (video overview, A Time for Love Blood in the Doorway lesson plans, Digging Deeper, Hardest Question) by using the password. July 16 Sept. 17 Psalm 119:105-112 Exodus 14:19-31 > Simply click the “Teachers” button in A Lamp and a Light The Day That Never Died the orange bar at the very top of the July 23 homepage. This will take you to where Sept. 24 Psalm 139:1-24 Exodus 16:2-15 you enter the July password (nurture) A Life Exposed or the August password (Bible) and What Is It? access the Teaching Resources. You July 30 Oct. 1 will find the current password on page Psalm 128 Exodus 17:1-7 A Blessed Man 21 (this page) in each issue of the Unbottled Water journal for use by subscribers only. Aug. 6 Psalm 17:1-15 Oct. 8 A Prayer for Justice Matthew 21:33-46 Adult teaching plans Stony Hearts by David Woody, Aug. 13 Minister of Faith Oct. 15 Genesis 37 Development at Matthew 22:1-14 Selling Joseph Providence Baptist Wait. What? Church in Charleston, Aug. 20 S.C., are available at Oct. 22 Genesis 45:1-15 nurturingfaith.net Matthew 22:15-22 Making Peace A Taxing Question Youth teaching plans by Jeremy Colliver, Aug. 27 Oct. 29 Minister to Families Exodus 1:8–2:10 Leviticus 19:1-2, 15-18 with Youth at Smoke Life Savers Being Holy Rise Baptist Church in Stone Mountain, Ga., Thanks, sponsors! These Bible studies for adults and youth are sponsored through generous gifts are available at from the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (Bo Prosser, Coordinator of Organizational Relationships) nurturingfaith.net. and from the Eula Mae and John Baugh Foundation. Thank you! Bible Study

July 2, 2017 Genesis 22:12 – “He said, ‘Do not lay your hand Genesis 22:1-14 on the boy or do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, The Closest Call since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me.’” Abraham an you imagine being asked to bind your only child, lay him C on an altar, slice his throat, A terrifying test (vv. 1-8) thought is horrifying beyond measure. Is Abraham so trustful that he Yet, the Bible insists that God asked is he soft-peddling misdirection so the times before. the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on the mountain deeply tro - dent faith on the part of Abraham and Isaac: Abraham trusts God, and Isaac trusts Abraham. Yet, such testing seems anyone truly trust God so ardently that himself carried a smoldering pot of implication is that a boy might hurt an icon of trustfulness, so any recrimi- - ous items, but both the danger and the and heart and belly as he got up early donkey, and gathered his son and speaks of fear, or pain, or heartache, trust or careful dissimulation: “God e arrangement Sarah does not appear in this story, though she had a prominent heart, and squeezes. Additional information at nurturingfaith.net

22 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. 22 Feature lay your hand on the boy or do anything a poignant picture that needs no further description. be tested beyond your strength, but A tension-filled climax “Now I know.” (vv. 9-14) need to put Abraham through such - the future home of Jerusalem and the us. It is a masterpiece of literature, As Abraham had “lifted his eyes and Abraham built an altar, no doubt a ram in a thicket of brush, held fast by his entangled horns. Abraham caught the ram and son, praising God by calling the place “Yahweh Yireh them to the god of success or business fail to teach them the importance of - A renewed blessing (vv. 15-19) - animal by slitting its throat. - offspring as numerous as the stars of share in the blessing. of Isaac, the text says Abraham the foot of the mountain, and they all committed to the stroke, or call out No faith, no ethic, no religion is the thought. Finally, mercifully, God speaking of Jesus, reminds us that blanket designed only to meet the NFJ

LESSON FOR JULY 2, 2017 23 Feature 23 Bible Study

July 9, 2017 Song of Songs 2:10 – “My beloved speaks and says to Song of Songs 2:1-17 me: ‘Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away . . .’” beauty, shape, and sexy attributes. A Time for Love speaks suggests the distinct possibility ible studies from the Song of part of the Song of Songs. sermons from its beautiful but B - Love desired mysterious poetry, but the ancients (vv. 1-9) Vulgate. Our text describes an encounter mentions God or Israel, has no religious describes herself as “a rose of Sharon, themes, and is frankly, exotically, eroti- one counts them. Some scholars cally focused on human intimacy and plot and identify speaking parts, but or of sin. she takes in him. She describes her “like an apple tree among the trees of refers to as the Megillot, and it is is unclear. - A fascinating aspect of this book celebration. Some of the rabbis inter- is that, despite the patriarchal charac- preted the Song as an allegory for the protection from the blazing sun and - the Song. Israel. - - share. She recalls asking for raisin role in procreation or patriarchal family cakes and apples for sustenance in her author, though a later editor either systems. Another interesting angle is attributed the poems to him, or thought they should be dedicated to him. under my head and that his right hand Additional information at nurturingfaith.net If there is a hint at stereotypes, the maiden calls on her companions,

24 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. though the cause of her offense is not - be together. Love enjoyed - (vv. 16-17) one should be cautious, and not arouse their mutual commitment: “My the maiden exults in the sound of her characteristic of the pockmarked rocky being like a gazelle or a young stag to come out of hiding so he can see her and gazelles, sure-footed residents of to “be like a gazelle or a young stag on but she appeals for someone to “catch the foxes, the little foxes that ruin the their tryst is a secret one. Earlier, the man had spoken of trying to make sense of the text, or to make it palatable to prudish readers. it is exegetically the least satisfying, Love invited are thus discouraged from meeting, for such an interpretation has to be (vv. 10-15) leading them to meet at night or in clandestine outdoor settings. - other texts from the Song of Songs as and sexual expression as being among reminiscent of an ode to spring, he Song point to possible ethnic or class springtime. relates more to social class than to consider each other to be a rare and race, for she attributes her dark skin something sacred about it, something opportunity for other pursuits. Kings scripture. NFJ

LESSON FOR JULY 9, 2017 25 Bible Study

July 16, 2017 Psalm 119:105 – “Your word is a lamp to my feet and Psalm 119:105-112 a light to my path.” A Lamp and a Light entire psalm. A Light on the path (vv. 105-106) reminder that the home is a training approach can lead to personal or societal chaos. Others recognize the people can recite it from memory: - cus, and Numbers contain many the Bible, had become accepted as the regarding ritual purity, rules about hygiene, rules about making cloth statues, decrees, commands, precepts, mainly to set the Israelites apart as a distinct people: they circumcise kosher food and about the use of our resources, about her ethnic heritage, the rules offered uncertainty and unrest. bound to include considerable repeti- brated the structure and guidelines tion. For this reason, a close look at one - Additional information at should relate to God and to others. - nurturingfaith.net

26 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. “I incline my heart to perform your their lights, too. you rely on to help you through the - teachings as a guide for daily life. outcome. interpret it: many of the legalisms found time and reason to praise God. offering to God: the phrase translated guidelines for both relating to God and - commitment no less. - gifts such as those offered for the Obstacles on the way (vv. 107-110) making room for aliens or strangers temple, built after the return of the other people bear harmful intent - challenge to turn the other cheek and my hand continually, but I do not forget A heart to follow (vv. 111-112) God can trust God to bring something teachings as something to be called upon in an emergency, like candles responsibility to learn about Jesus, including the biblical testimony of his troubles suggests a connection - - lamp to his feet and a light to his path. NFJ

LESSON FOR JULY 16, 2017 27 Bible Study

July 23, 2017 - Psalm 139:7 – “Where can I go from your spirit? Psalm 139:1-24 Or where can I flee from your presence?” A Life Exposed - sanctuary and offering this prayer, you think anyone H from stem to stern, both inside and out, A present God (vv. 7-12) A knowing God (vv. 1-6) thought and action, the psalmist lot of money in therapy, trying to gain - helping us to see things more clearly, cal axis: if he could ascend as high as professional help. - Sheol as a place of blessedness in the stand our position, especially God. It to imagine the psalmist coming before and through. - hymnic and include elements of praise, Scattered throughout are elements of images common to the book of Job. there your hand shall lead me, and If distance is no obstacle to God, - Additional information at ist hide from God unde nurturingfaith.net -

28 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. is as bright as the day, for darkness is against some sort of charges that had - the psalm by saying, in so many distance means nothing and darkness means less: no one can hide from God. - - not think of God as a nosy neighbor From the time “Your eyes beheld my A creating God (vv. 13-18) his enemies. “Search me, O God, and - - fertilized egg should be regarded as a the beginning. A searching God (vv. 19-24) of causing pain or grief to others, - to the King James Version, reads this eternity. people, especially against “blood- - An alternate translation attributes prayer could challenge God to search your heart and life for any harmful you thanks because your deeds are - NFJ

LESSON FOR JULY 23, 2017 29 Bible Study

July 30, 2017 Psalm 128:1 – “Happy is everyone who fears the Psalm 128 LORD, who walks in his ways.” - A Blessed Man - such as that expressed in the book of A Independence declares that all people simple and solid things: meaning- its intended structure is not particularly children. Yet, chances are that the more effort people put into pursuing happi- the text does not intend to suggest that uniformly addressed their instruc- but if you turn your attention to other tions to men, and in Israelite culture or Internet posts by lifestyle gurus or is more likely to emerge as a byproduct an end goal. Researchers consistently and children: unmarried or childless not imply horror or panic, but a deep - Modern readers can appreciate teachers, professional sages employed - A happy walk mony and progeny. (vv. 1-4) - Additional information at nurturingfaith.net road to misery.

30 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. - prosperity of Jerusalem: neither could of blessing and happiness during a time too. A happy wish raise their crops and families, pursue (vv. 5-6) belief that obedience and prosper- and satisfaction in supporting others - the books of Job and Ecclesiastes also for the city to remain prosperous “all - of a guaranteed quid pro quo theology. grandchildren. of the family. For many people, including the a triple blessing. Aside from the inher- psalmist, family is at the heart of happi- ness. Addressing men, he connects children, the presence of both children and grandchildren implied that the look after him or her. Furthermore, ancient Israelite religion did not include the concept of common symbols of fertility, on the one - existence in Sheol for both the righteous May you see the prosperity of Jerusa- lem all the days of your life. May you an all-purpose product that could be used for cooking, cosmetics, medicinal to a belief that both the nation and its purposes, lighting the home, or trade. - Star Trek der yourself to be a - - Furthermore, the prosperity of youNFJ

LESSON FOR JULY 30, 2017 31 Bible Study New password for online teaching resources is: Bible. Aug. 6, 2017 Psalm 17:1 – “Hear a just cause, O LORD; attend situations call for self-examination. Psalm 17:1-15 to my cry; give ear to my prayer - from lips free of deceit.” A Prayer for Justice that cause legitimate pain to others. In careless speech and learn to be more tagline: “I am an innocent O circumspect. On the other hand, - tion. depend on the context of the question. uphold our innocence. They’re after me! (vv. 6-12) harder time claiming innocence. All hear- or thought any number of things that cation, the psalmist goes on to repeat could set off the buzzer and ring the consider himself to be perfect, but bell on a guilt detector. I’m innocent! (vv. 1-5) and responds to the requests of the steadfastly proclaims his innocence desire for testimony, asserting that - seek to do him harm. - tions of innocence. for God to recognize that he is in the - Additional information at - nurturingfaith.net

32 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. - the psalmist has prayed. Others see a their children and their grandchildren. hyperbole, exaggerating the threat for he had asked God to look upon his just - beholding ing Egyptians, also employs the righteousness, and being stole our sense of security and upset Psalms 1–50 Deliver me! asking God to guard him “as the apple (vv. 13-15) - emphasize a belief that the righteous - - - - - ness, guarding them “as the apple of ing glimpse of God through a dream rebellion. you could speak of yourself as the the Bible insists that God does think - redeem us from our sin through the be to try and heal those relationships been righteous. problems. before God, plead our case, and trust against him, but that they also are also sees them as murderers. Some NFJ

LESSON FOR AUGUST 6, 2017 33 Bible Study

Aug. 13, 2017 Genesis 37:3 – been pleased. “Now Israel loved Jospeh more than Genesis 37 any other children, because he was the son of his old age and he had Selling Joseph made him a long robe with sleeves.” Joseph and the background, the lead character in our Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, - I in trouble. Joseph included the gift of a special A favorite son (vv. 1-4) one might expect, but its playful mix of differing genres of music could remind - tradition that go into the Joseph narra- the text is careful to tell us it is the years old, so time enough had passed story of Jacob’s notably more special than the ordinary for the family to be at home in the land. - a sort of apprentice role: a literal cant part in the story. hated him, and could not speak peace- Father Jacob looms in the background throughout the story until he resurfaces near the end, insists on A hated brother (vv. 5-11) - for Joseph to keep an eye on his - they return to Egypt. Additional information at nurturingfaith.net

34 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. A modern lesson he selling of Joseph is a familiar the oldest brother, reportedly demurred, - in telling the story: he him in the pit, though the narrator says Reuben secretly planned to rescue he took no action, and “kept the matter some still had blood on their minds. actions commendable, but illustrates a belief that God can orchestrate human A future slave (vv. 12-28) - As the brothers left Joseph in - and his brothers feared that Joseph to another day and perhaps another Ishmaelite traders happened to pass by though you intended to do harm to me, God intended it for good, in order - sell him to the Ishmaelites. In doing - Joseph to check on his brothers and guilt, but also make some money in treatment to God, as Joseph did, but the process. and through our open hearts to teach us, strengthen us, and ultimately bring a group of Midianite traders came by, something good from the situation. they pulled Joseph from the pit and sold primary intent, the story also reminds story-telling style, it happened that the sometimes used interchangeably for nomadic traders. In the meantime, Reuben returned - crime, the brothers slaughtered a goat ations to come. Jacob apparently learned nothing brothers proposed that they kill the - ite son. Jacob became distraught, as he passed that hurt on to his children into a pit, telling their father that a Joseph NFJ

LESSON FOR AUGUST 13, 2017 35 Bible Study

Aug. 20, 2017 Genesis 45:15 – “And he kissed all his brothers and Genesis 45:1-15 wept upon them; and after that his brothers talked with him.” Making Peace Egyptian style, bearing the Egyptian A story of success - Fortunately, things did go surprisingly doubt speaking in Egyptian. tion in personal relationships H Joseph, on the other hand, had no can be exceedingly painful, especially trouble recognizing his older broth- parent, a brother or sister. - touched, but did not yet trust the sometimes from unhealthy competition. Repairing those relationships begins and progresses through communication he tested the brothers to see if they that honestly confronts the issue and attitude and actions paid off again, as - brother than they had to him. - Making up can be hard to do, intercede for Joseph after he correctly explained a portentous dream, but - - troublesome dreams that none of his Judah pleaded for his younger brother experience. and offered to take any punishment kidnapped you, and sold you to a by a famine of the same length. Joseph suggested a planned system of An emotional reunion taxation to store surplus grain against (vv. 1-3) ended differently. Additional information at nurturingfaith.net plan for food security, but they did face the same famine. In the second

36 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. had suffered enough, Joseph assuaged longer control himself before all those their guilt and told them of his belief - ness, though they remained insecure his Egyptian assistants, Joseph began treachery into something good: he cathartic for him as he released long- - - “I am Joseph,” he said, presum- to say, because the narrator is more “Is my father still interested in promoting his belief in alive?” but in a formal hearing and probably my father still the older brothers did all they could to like this one to insist that God deter- - ences through the years. Joseph, at then can relationships be restored. does not support a belief that God then can once-restrained persons God is the source of goodness, A theological assertion (vv. 4-8) - ued challenge and promise to any of us so they could see him better and not be fooled by his Egyptian-style cloth- ing, hair, and cosmetic enhancements. God for the initial hurt. Others may or may not respond to our A grace-filled moment (vv. 9-15) to reconciliation is open, and the path done. beyond is one of hope. NFJ

LESSON FOR AUGUST 20, 2017 37 Bible Study

Aug. 27, 2017 Exodus 2:3 – ot much of a threat so long as “When she could hide him no - Exodus 1:8–2:10 longer she got a papyrus basket for him, and plastered it with bitumen Life Savers and pitch; she put the child in it and placed it among the reeds on the bank of the river.” W featured colorful animal characters. Israelites, the king and his counsel- Not so much. making life hard for them, forcing them Too many Hebrews (1:8-14) caught and in desperate circumstances, into setting him free, making them look oppression. One could imagine them as foolish in the process. the inspiration for German philosopher - - Indeed, the narrator says “the they multiplied and spread, so that the his brothers, Joseph found himself in brought his entire family to Egypt, ruthless in their demands on the Israel- - brick and in hyperbolic promise to Abraham that his - ous as the sands of the sea and the stars Two heroic women (1:15-21) Additional information at had not been for some time. nurturingfaith.net - ites as a threat, “more numerous and

38 | © Nurturing Faith Bible Studies are copyrighted. DO NOT PHOTOCOPY. the start: his strategy to limit popula- results that again portray the king as certainly put him in a tenuous situa- tion. A delightful aspect of the story is instructing them to identify the gender of danger, turned out so unexpectedly - feed the baby for her. suspected collusion is not stated: she outsmarted him. - One stubborn mother (1:22–2:10) order brings us to the birth story of birth to a healthy baby boy, but did not do as the king of Egypt commanded She could again, the agents of his defeat are Seeing that boy births continued, too robust to remain unnoticed. At this point the resourceful unlike their Egyptian counterparts, of these stories, mentioned only in ridicule of the Egyptian monarch and In a story familiar through many for the chosen people, he intentionally probably to think of God blessing their legacy rather than going into residential remains behind the scenes. construction. So it is that Moses is born: and long - soon traded one genocidal plan for she spied the baby in the basket, and him into the Nile. NFJ

LESSON FOR AUGUST 27, 2017 39 RECOGNITION & REMEMBRANCE

Mary Alice Birdwhistell is pastor of Calvary consultant, he is the founder of the commu- David Hull, former pastor of First Baptist Baptist Church in Waco, Texas, where she nications and consulting firm Faithlab. Church of Huntsville, Ala., is associate has served as associate pastor since 2013. pastor of Second-Ponce de Leon Baptist John M. Finley became executive director Church in Atlanta, while continuing to Linda McKinnish Bridges is president of the of the Baptist History and Heritage Society consult with congregations through the Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond, on July 1. He served as pastor of historic Center for Healthy Churches. where she served earlier as a founding profes- First Baptist Church of Savannah, Ga., for sor. She has also served in various roles at nearly 25 years. Marv Knox, editor of the Texas-based Wake Forest University. Baptist Standard, becomes field coordina- Bruce Gourley of Bozeman, Mont., tor of Fellowship Southwest on Aug. 1. The David Cassady is president of Baptist has resigned as executive director of the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship created this Seminary of Kentucky, housed on the Baptist History and Heritage Society. He is new regional network and position follow- campus of Georgetown College near Lexing- expanding his work with Nurturing Faith ing the removal of prominent congregations ton, Ky. A Christian educator, publisher and Publishing. (See p. 50 for details.) from the Baptist General Convention of Texas.

CLASSIFIEDS Lanny Peters has retired after 28 years as pastor of Oakhurst Baptist Church in Minister to Preschool and Children: First experience in Christian music ministry and Decatur, Ga. Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga., is seeking a seminary degree or graduate study are a qualified, spiritual and energetic candi- preferred. The successful candidate must Charles Qualls is pastor of Franklin Baptist date for the full-time position of minister be a cooperative, enthusiastic and consci- Church in Franklin, Va., coming from to preschool and children. FBCA is a large entious team member, displaying authentic Atlanta’s Second-Ponce de Leon Baptist faith community that values and supports Christian conduct in both private and public Church where he was associate pastor. its current preschool / children’s ministry, life. Compensation will be commensurate and is excited to see it continue to grow with experience. Please submit all inqui- Lee B. Spitzer is general secretary of Ameri- and improve. The minister to preschool ries, recommendations, cover letters and can Baptist Churches USA. He served as and children is responsible for coordinat- résumés to [email protected]. ing, planning, scheduling and leading all executive minister for the American Baptist programs associated with the ministry, Churches in New Jersey. Minister of Music and Senior Adults: including Sunday school, missions educa- tion, Vacation Bible School, and other First Baptist Church of Southern Pines, William L. Turner died April 22 in Lexing- weekday or special activities for age birth- N.C., located in a resort community with a ton, Ky. His pastorates included South 5th grade. He/she will also be involved in, vibrant and diverse population, is seeking Main Baptist Church in Houston, Texas, though not limited to, volunteer recruitment, a full-time minister of music and senior and three Lexington congregations: Central adults. The ideal minister will be a person of training, ministering to children and families Baptist Church, Faith Fellowship and in need, and leading worship. A seminary deep faith in Christ and possess a desire to Liberty Road Faith Fellowship. NFJ or education degree is preferred, along model a Christ-centered devotion in his or with experience in children’s ministry and her personal and professional life. The ideal church growth. Résumés will be accepted, candidate will be a dynamic worship leader beginning immediately, at childrensearch@ to direct a comprehensive music ministry fbcaugusta.org. for all ages. The successful leader will cast a broad vision of music excellence with a Explore God’s love with the new deep appreciation for diverse, eclectic and Associate Pastor of Music / Worship Arts: Shine Sunday school curriculum! The Memorial Baptist Church in Greenville, traditional worship styles. This person will Shine: Living in God’s Light has N.C., is seeking a full-time associate pastor also have responsibilities for guiding the engaging stories and activities that of music and worship arts, called by God senior adult ministry with a team of quali- will help teach children the Bible, to provide leadership for the entire music fied lay leaders. This position requires an understand that they are known program. Responsibilities include planning, advanced music degree from an accredited and loved by God, and learn what it conducting, and evaluating a comprehen- theological or divinity school. Inquiries and means to follow Jesus. Find sample sive ministry of music and worship for all applications may be sent to John Kinney, sessions, Bible outlines and more at music genres and age levels and also provid- 200 E. New York Ave., Southern Pines, NC shinecurriculum.com. ing pastoral care. A minimum of 3 years of 28387 or to music@%csp.org by July 15.

40 Information Who are the Copts — and why are they persecuted?

BY MONIQUE EL!FAIZY 10 percent of the country’s population. The On the one hand, Copts are integrated Religion News Service Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church into Egyptian society. On the other hand, shared a patriarch with the Coptic Church they suffer routine discrimination in gypt’s Copts were sadly in the news in Egypt until 1959, when it was granted ways both insidious and obvious and are headlines again this year, as the its own patriarch, so the rituals of the two frequently the victims of sectarian violence. E victims of violence. On Palm Sunday churches are very similar. Official discrimination against Copts bombs exploded in two churches, including Copts are also the largest Christian is somewhat cyclical, although they have one in Alexandria where the Coptic pope denomination in neighboring Libya and suffered it in one form or another steadily had been delivering the liturgy. Sudan. since the Muslim conquest. While Copts Scores of people were killed, and many The U.S. has the biggest group of have achieved success in many arenas in others were wounded. Along with sympathy, Copts in the diaspora, and, though there are Egypt, discrimination against them has many American Christians asked: “Who are no good figures, it is estimated at hundreds been subtle, and there is a glass ceiling for the Copts, and why are they persecuted?” of thousands. There are also relatively Copts in many military and government large Coptic concentrations in Canada and institutions. HISTORY Australia. Violence against Copts has been a Famous Copts include renowned problem for many decades, although it is The Copts are the largest Christian commu- often sporadic. The community was seen nity in North Africa and the Middle East, heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub, former U.N. as complicit in the overthrow of Muslim and one of the oldest Christian sects in the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali Brotherhood-backed President Moham- world. The church is officially known as the and Dina Powell, deputy national security med Morsi, and in the days after his ouster, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, adviser for strategy for President Trump. scores of churches across the country were and regards the Apostle Mark as founder in set on fire and Christian-owned businesses the year 42. ARE THEY ARABS? and Coptic organizations came under Copts are an Oriental Orthodox church, This is a touchy question that highlights attack. which means they differ doctrinally from political differences as much as anything With the rise of the Islamic State group churches in the Eastern Orthodox family and else. Before the Muslim conquest of Egypt in Egypt, the situation has grown more from the Roman Catholic Church. Other in the seventh century, Egypt was a predom- dire. The terror group claimed the deadly Oriental Orthodox churches are found in inantly Coptic country and the Coptic December bomb attack at St. Peter and Ethiopia, Eritrea, Syria and Armenia. language, which today exists only in the Paul’s Church in Cairo, which sits adjacent The Copts have their own patriarch, church liturgy, was widely spoken. to the seat of the Coptic pope. Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria, who took Because the Coptic language and In February the group put out a office in 2012 after having his name picked religion predate the arrival of Arabs in Egypt, video declaring Copts their “favorite prey.” from a glass chalice by a blindfolded boy. many Copts don’t consider themselves to be Around that time, several Copts living in the Pope Francis of the Roman Catholic Arabs. But the word “Copt” itself is derived Sinai were murdered, prompting hundreds Church has been very vocal in his support of from the Greek word for the indigenous of families to flee their homes. the Copts, and expressed his “deep condo- people of Egypt, so some modern Muslims The Islamic State group took respon- lences” following the April bombings. identify with the word “Copt” as well. sibility for the two Palm Sunday bombings According to CNN, the two church As with many issues of identity, this as well. Copts are reliant upon the Egyptian leaders shared in ecumenical prayers at a one is complicated, and personal. In general government to protect them. In 2013, Cairo church and signed a joint, 12-point terms, though, Copts do not identify as Amnesty International issued a report declaration reiterating the fraternity Arabs. saying that security forces had failed to do between their churches. that. NFJ COPTIC LIFE WHERE ARE THEY? There are two contradictory answers to the —Monique El-Faizy is a freelance journalist Most Copts live in Egypt, where the question of what life is like for Copts in based in Paris who has written community comprises an estimated Egypt, and both are true. extensively on the Copts.

Feature 41 RELIGION AND THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTS Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) By Bruce Gourley

Chosen by Republicans as the party’s 1880 vice-presidential candidate, Chester A. Arthur’s very identity was questioned by Democrats. Had he been born in Franklin County, Vermont, or in nearby Canada? he records of the Vermont town’s North Fairfield Baptist Church T could have settled the matter, but by 1880 the church no longer existed and the congregational records were long lost. Arthur’s Irish-born father, William, had emigrated to Canada, where he married Vermont-born Canadian resident Malvina Stone. A short time later the couple moved to Vermont, where William was pastor of the North Fairfield Baptist Church near the Canadian border. On at least one occasion the couple made a return visit to Canada. Around that time Malvina gave birth to son Chester in 1829 or 1830 in an unknown location. As an adult, Chester claimed he was born in 1830; historians later settled on the year 1829. In the early 1880s some political opponents of Arthur investigated his birth and, based on less- The birther controversy aside, Chester followed. The future president studied a than-conclusive evidence, claimed he was Arthur, most likely born in Vermont, as classical curriculum based on educational Canadian, having been born unexpectedly a young boy in the 1830s moved to New models inherited from Classical Antiq- while his mother was visiting Canada. York with his family. Father William served uity and the Middle Ages. An outstanding Upon Arthur’s ascension to the presi- a series of churches, resulting in frequent student, Arthur became president of the dency on Sept. 20, 1881, following James moves within the state. An outspoken aboli- collegiate debate society. Garfield’s assassination, controversy roiled tionist, William also became a co-founder of During winter breaks he taught school, the political landscape as Democrats insisted the New York Anti-slavery Society. and following graduation in 1848 took that Arthur was not a U.S. citizen, and thus As a school boy, Arthur became a full-time teaching position and began ineligible to hold the presidential office. involved in politics, joining a group of studying education law. Admission to the The controversy dogged Arthur throughout young Whigs and supporting Henry Clay. bar followed in 1854, after which Chester his single term in office. Enrollment in Union College in 1845 Arthur became a partner in the law firm of

This is the 21st in a series of articles by historian Bruce Gourley on the religious faith of U.S. presidents. Gourley is online editor and contributing writer for Nurturing Faith Journal and director of Nurturing Faith’s Truth & Justice Project.

42 Feature Culver, Parker and Arthur, a firm specializ- he yet lived, vice-president Arthur expressed God or religion in public, and even less so in ing in abolitionism litigation. reluctance to assume presidential duties. personal fashion. As a lawyer, Arthur helped lead the Refusing to return to the suspense-filled The nation’s ongoing conflicts with the desegregation of New York City in the 1850s, capital city, Arthur remained at his New Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints the same decade affiliating with the newly- York City home until Garfield passed away. (Mormons), however, elicited action from formed anti-slavery Republican Party. Although long known for exploit- President Arthur and provided the occasion Meanwhile, he married Ellen Lewis ing his own political connections for for his one notable contribution to Ameri- Herndon in 1859. Their first child, William, the benefit of friends and allies, Chester ca’s religious life. For decades in the Western died at the age of three. Two children lived Arthur as president surprised his critics by territories Mormons had defied the U.S. by to adulthood. Ellen died from pneumonia enacting political reforms, including the practicing polygamy, maintaining that their in 1880. establishment of a bipartisan Civil Service religious freedom transcended federal law Political connections led to Arthur’s Commission to monitor the distribution forbidding the practice. appointment to the military staff of New of federal jobs based on merit rather than In December 1881 Arthur addressed York Governor Edwin D. Morgan upon political connections. He also opposed the issue bluntly: “The fact that adherents the outbreak of the American Civil War. fraud in the U.S. Postal Service and sought of the Mormon Church, which rests upon Commissioned a brigadier general, he to modernize the U.S. Navy. polygamy as its cornerstone, have recently served as the state’s quartermaster general, Immigration, however, vexed Presi- been peopling in large numbers Idaho, charged with housing soldiers and oversee- dent Arthur. Amid a period of growing Arizona, and other of our Western Territories ing the distribution of food and supplies for nationalism, many West Coast citizens is well calculated to excite the liveliest interest Union troops. blamed Chinese immigrants for suppressed and apprehension. It imposes upon Congress Pressured to remain in service to New wages and economic ills. Congress in 1882 and the Executive the duty of arraying York, Arthur turned down an opportunity to responded by passing legislation suspend- against this barbarous system all the power serve as an officer of the 9th New York Volun- ing Chinese immigration for 20 years and which under the Constitution and the law teer Infantry Regiment, as well as a request requiring Chinese Americans to register they can wield for its destruction.” to take command of a New York City brigade with the government. Amid continued Mormon intran- consisting of four regiments. Meanwhile, President Arthur promptly vetoed the sigence, the president followed up his his expanding state military responsibilities anti-immigrant legislation, calling it “a verbal warning by signing the Edmunds included the raising of additional troops to breach of our national faith” and criticizing Anti-Polygamy Act of 1882, significantly meet quotas set by the U.S. government. the proposed “system of personal registra- strengthening federal anti-polygamy laws. Deeply embedded within New York tion and passports” as “undemocratic and Nonetheless, a stalemate remained in the politics, in the post-war years Arthur hostile to the spirit of our institutions.” face of Mormon defiance. entered national political service in 1871 by On the other hand, Arthur’s veto Although the law was not enforced appointment of President Ulysses S. Grant invited Congress to revise the legislation during Arthur’s presidency, his efforts led as the Collector of the Port of New York. by reducing the time period regarding to the eventual federal disincorporation His responsibilities included the hiring of immigrant suspension, while securing the of the Latter-Day Saints Church, after hundreds of workers and the collection of legal rights of Chinese Americans short of which Mormon leaders quickly denounced tariffs due at the United States’ busiest port. naturalization. Upon congressional passage plural marriage in the organization’s 1890 During the 1880 presidential campaign of a rewritten bill meeting his terms, Arthur Manifesto. Minus polygamy, six years later season, Republican candidate James Garfield signed the Chinese Exclusion Act. Suspend- Mormon-dominated Utah was granted and his supporters believed the party would ing Chinese immigration for 10 years, the statehood. need a New Yorker on the ticket in order act was the first American law significantly To the faithful, LDS officials explained to win the election. When their first choice restricting immigration into the U.S. the 1890 official capitulation regarding declined, Garfield’s supporters turned to the Quietly, meanwhile, Arthur suffered polygamy as a new religious revelation. The well-connected Chester Arthur. The election from Bright’s disease, a major and often fatal practice of plural marriage remains officially proved to be very close on the popular vote kidney illness. Masking his condition from prohibited today by the LDS Church, count, although the Garfield-Arthur ticket the public while in office, he chose not to run although practiced quietly by numerous won decisively in the Electoral College. for re-election in 1884. Returning to New Mormons in Utah and surrounding states. President Garfield’s prolonged, mortal York following his term of service, Arthur In addition, many evangelical Chris- wounds from an assassin’s bullet in the died from the illness in 1886 at age 57. tians of the 21st century, dominant in summer of 1881 led to a crisis regard- Despite his family’s religious heritage, American culture, invoke late 19th-century ing presidential succession. With Garfield Arthur remained religiously aloof through- Mormon arguments in demanding the right unable to function as president and uncer- out his life. Occasionally he attended to violate federal laws in the name of their tainty as to who should fill the void while Episcopalian services. Rarely did he mention “religious liberty.” NFJ

Feature 43 Wheels fortuneof

STURDY SOLUTIONS — Rodger Keene checks out one of the mobility carts he and other volunteers in Huntsville, Ala., are producing to assist persons around the world with leg disabilities. The North Alabama group, which benefits from the skills of retired aerospace engineers, hopes to produce 100 of these sturdy vehicles this year as well as host a national gathering of volunteers. Huntsville volunteers put persons worldwide on the move BY JOSEPH M. JONES This mobility cart was conceived by labor of faith-based organizations build Larry and Laura Hills, United Methodist these vehicles. Most groups have Baptist UNTSVILLE, Ala. — World- missionaries serving in Zaire in the 1980s. or United Methodist connections, though wide, 70 million people have leg While the early design and development other denominations are involved. H disabilities, with many of them came under the auspices of the United The Huntsville group (“Mobility living in low-income settings with limited Methodist Church, the work has now Worldwide — North Alabama”) resulted health care. The need is especially great in been broadened denominationally and is from a discovery of this ministry opportu- Asian and African countries where immobil- operated by an independent board. nity by church member Dr. Jerry Graham, ity results not only from warfare injuries but With increased awareness and involve- who long led medical missions to Central also from birth defects and diseases. ment, manufacturing has reached a rate of and South America. Founding members Millions of persons worldwide must 6,000 mobility carts annually by 21 affili- visited Penney Farms, a Florida retirement drag themselves through life without the ates, and shipped primarily to Third World community, to learn about the marvelous use of legs. Thinking of them brings greater countries where its need is the greatest. little machine. appreciation for the expanding manufactur- One of the newest of the 21 manufac- While a valued part of the church’s ing ministry of Huntsville’s First Baptist turing affiliates is the Huntsville group, mission, the organization incorporated as Church. organized and incorporated in 2013. Since a separate charitable organization. The Begun four years ago but now with that time the group has accumulated the Huntsville group is funded by its members new vigor and improved capability, a small necessary equipment, learned the process, and friends and from an annual missions group within the fellowship is leading a and built and shipped 140 vehicles overseas. grant from the First Baptist Church. local effort to manufacture sturdy personal With recently expanded and improved Some affiliates of the larger inter- vehicles that can go almost anywhere, quarters, the group is gaining new volun- national charity manufacture and ship an ingenious machine that resembles an teers and new resources, to the point that various parts among themselves. However, oversized tricycle powered by a bicycle-like leaders hope to produce 100 carts this year. the Huntsville group — which includes chain drive operated by the hands. Throughout the world, volunteer retired aerospace engineers — manufactures

44 Feature all of its components, other than those with each vehicle. “It is a wonderful facility, recently brought directly from commercial sources, Early versions of the vehicle were all renovated with new features such as a and completes the assembly. brightly painted, but currently only treated heating and cooling system, updated For the worldwide group, executive wood is used and the wooden portions are plumbing and LED lighting,” said John director Scott Walters of Atlanta and Von unpainted. Over the years design change Noblin, president of the local mobility cart Driggs of Lindale, Texas, provide barebones proposals came from many builders and affiliate. “It is a marvelous place, exactly management from their at-home offices, users worldwide, and now a standardization fitting our purposes.” with responsibilities for developing distri- committee ensures that all units are built to First Baptist organizers have engaged bution partnerships in more than 100 the same design. representatives from other local congrega- countries, along with shipping. The Huntsville cart operation began tions, including First Missionary Baptist Now simply known as a “mobility cart,” with components being built in garages, Church and Jackson Way Baptist Church the vehicle was first called PET (Personal basements and workshops of the members. of Huntsville and First Baptist Church of Energy Transportation). It is a sturdy three- Little by little, the group acquired equip- Madison, Ala. wheeled vehicle that can be operated by a ment through gifts of their own and from Every year Mobility Worldwide, the mobility-impaired adult or child. There are other cart producers that went out of authority that coordinates mobility cart self-propelled units that come in two sizes business. The extensive metalworking tools activities, conducts a symposium for cart and a pull cart model for those lacking suffi- of member Lee Singer are of inestimable affiliates. This year’s meeting, which draws cient upper body strength. More than three value. volunteers widely, will be hosted by the quarters of the units made are of the large From its earlier makeshift quarters, North Alabama group, Sept. 28-30, at adult size, the type made in Huntsville. operations moved to a production site in Huntsville’s First Baptist Church. Designed to operate in the world’s most a former building materials store rented Scott Walters of the larger organiza- remote regions, the cart is built on a heavy by Willowbrook Baptist Church. On-site tion said he attended the open house for wood and steel frame. It is propelled by a tools included three band saws for cutting the Huntsville group’s new facility earlier hand crank and fitted with three puncture- angle iron, rods and sheet metal, three drill this year and was impressed with its proof rubber tires. Volunteer labor, along presses, several welding machines, and “magnificence.” with highly-efficient purchasing practices various grinders and sanders. “That, coupled with the extraordinary for commercial source components, allow Since early 2017 the North Alabama competence and enthusiasm of the volun- each vehicle to be built at a cost of about group has occupied a thoroughly modern teers, many of whom are retired engineers $300. 5,000-square-foot manufacturing building with long, valuable experience, made it an The center section of the cart accom- thanks to the generosity of Bob Broadway, a obvious choice,” he said. modates an adult, with a back compartment businessman who currently serves as deacon Experience as an engineer or crafts- allowing for food, tools, wood or other chairman for Huntsville’s First Baptist person, however, is not required for necessities. The carts are provided to users Church. volunteers. free of cost, and distributed through the “We have a job for every person, for guidance of and arrangement with many every competence,” said Gordon Perry, who Christian charities and humanitarian serves on the North Alabama affiliate board. organizations. Tasks are varied and learned from those Key sites in the evolution of the vehicle with more experience, such as forming design include Columbia, Mo., and Penney and applying upholstery to the cart’s seat Farms, Fla., facilities that also lead in overall bottom and back, as well as painting metal production. components. While described accurately as sturdy, “We can make good use of any and all, the carts are purposefully “overdesigned” (in and our number of volunteers has increased engineering terms) so that repairs are infre- since we moved into the spacious new quent and simple. Each unit comes with building,” said Perry. NFJ basic repair tools, chain repair links, and a maintenance guide that relies on pictures —Joe Jones is a member of First Baptist and drawings rather than words in any Church of Huntsville, Ala., and a retired language. PRODUCTION CYCLE — Volunteer Susan director of public affairs for NASA-Marshall Keene staples upholstery to the seat bottoms Since 1999 all vehicles have been and backs of the mobility carts manufactured Space Flight Center. For additional informa- equipped with heavy-duty ball bearings by the Huntsville, Ala., nonprofit. The carts, tion on supporting, duplicating or engaging intended to operate for a very long time. produced in a new, state-of-the-art facility, are in this project, contact Joe at joefranjones@ But just in case, spare bearings are sent built to withstand extensive use in remote parts gmail.com or (256) 655-6030. of the world.

Feature 45 Chr#tia$ Bapt#% Who got it right?

BY E.B. SELF

hristians have disagreed over baptism for centuries — before, C during and after the Protestant Reformation. Feelings have sometimes been intense. Church historians tell of those who thought that the proper response to their “reforming” opponents was to drown them. Today the frequent ill will of the past on this subject has largely been replaced by comparative calm. The reason is not that all Christians now agree on baptism. They do not. The relative peace may be due to weari- ness with previous disputes, especially when other matters seem much more important. So now may be a good time to review some of the concerns in a friendly way. With all that has developed, we may wonder whose baptism is right. Yet I believe there were, and still are, three major meanings for Christian baptism.

CLEANSING One meaning is cleansing, not physical but spiritual cleansing. Ancient Hebrews had ritual cleansings of various vessels used in worship. At some time, they had prose- lyte baptism for “unclean” heathens who converted to Judaism. John the Baptist asked Jews themselves Callisto Piazza, Baptism of Christ, 1540-1545. to have a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. It is understandable that baptized “and have your sins washed away” As early Christians thought about many Christians have thought of baptism as (Acts 22:16, NRSV). baptism and the spiritual cleansing of the religious cleansing. In an apparent reference to baptism, forgiveness of sins, some had the idea of At one celebration of Pentecost, Peter Paul wrote to the Corinthians that “you postponing baptism until a person was at told a group of Jews to repent and be were washed, you were sanctified, you the point of death. Would it not be best to baptized “so that your sins may be forgiven” were justified in the name of the Lord end life with all of one’s sins forgiven? (Acts 2:38, NRSV). Paul claimed that a Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” But there was another question: What certain Ananias told him to get up and be (1 Cor. 6:11, NRSV). if a person died before he or she could be

46 Feature baptized? Would God accept a desire to be die without baptism, but baptism of infants because of the conviction that only believ- baptized? remains their accepted practice. ers should be baptized. As to the fear that Church officials eventually decided But would baptism be appropriate for unbaptized infants who die may go to that it would be best to be baptized as soon infants, even with sprinkling or pouring, hell, many Baptists (probably most) accept as possible. There could be the sacrament of since they would not be aware of the some version of the doctrine of original last rites or final confession, not baptism, as intended meaning? The rationale could be sin. Yet Baptists have also maintained death was near. ex oper operato. The Latin may be translated belief in the age of accountability, What if someone was seriously ill as “from the work performed.” convinced that God does not hold children before receiving baptism but still desired The idea was that spiritual power accountable until they are old enough it? Immersion would not have been advis- (cleansing from sin in the case of baptism) to have some degree of understanding able. Some thought that “clinic” baptism was available from performing a certain act (see Isa. 7:15). might be the solution, that is, sprinkling regardless of any other factors. What about The exact relationship between or pouring instead of immersion for sick such considerations as the degree of worthi- baptism and spiritual cleansing remains an people. ness of the person performing the act or the area of disagreement for Christians today. Since water is literally a cleansing agent lack of understanding by infants? Those What disturbs some is the belief that God and can symbolize spiritual cleansing, was problems would supposedly not keep the has designated water as a key ingredi- the amount of water all that important? But power from being available. ent in a ceremony that brings forgiveness then might not sprinkling or pouring of There was also the idea that baptism of sins. There seems to be neglect, even if water be both convenient and acceptable for for spiritual cleansing was necessary for unintended, of Christ’s redeeming work. anyone, the healthy as well as the ill? salvation. Had not Jesus said, according to Perhaps more nearly acceptable on And, as far as pouring was concerned, some versions of Mark’s gospel, “The one one side would be the view that the water was there not the pouring of oil (represent- who believes and is baptized will be saved” of baptism represents the blood of Christ ing the Spirit) on prophets, priests and (Mark 16:16, NRSV)? and its saving power. That view might be kings in the Old Testament? Had God not Perhaps there were exceptions. Maybe, very meaningful to some but not appeal promised, “I will pour out my spirit on all for example, the blood of an unbaptized to others. flesh” (Joel 2:28, NRSV)? John the Baptist martyr could be a substitute for the water of Some have a further idea concerning had said of Jesus, “He will baptize you with baptism. Even if there were exceptions, they baptism and spiritual cleansing: that God the Holy Spirit and fire” (Matt. 2:12). would be for God to decide. provides spiritual cleansing through accep- Peter said on the day of Pentecost, The idea of the necessity of baptism tance of God’s grace by faith, even without “Repent, and be baptized every one of you may have been involved in the question of baptism. in the name of Jesus Christ so that your sins what was necessary for baptism. may be forgiven; and you will receive the The final decision of the Catholic INITIATION gift of the Holy Spirit” (Acts 2:38). Could Church had three elements. There must A second meaning of Christian baptism is not the pouring of water represent both be water, whether used for immersion, initiation. Three thousand Jews received cleansing and the gift of the Holy Spirit? pouring or sprinkling. There must be use Christian baptism on a special Day of What about infants? While they might of the Trinitarian formula (Father, Son and Pentecost and “were added” (Acts 2:41, not have any actual sin, were they not Holy Spirit) according to Matt. 28:19-20. NRSV). Paul wrote in 1 Cor. 12:13 that “in affected by the guilt of original sin (passed And the person performing the ceremony the one Spirit we were all baptized into one on from Adam)? What if some infants died must intend to do what the church intends, body” (NRSV). without any provision for forgiveness of whether he or she believes it or not. In a somewhat confusing passage original sin? Would it not be best to have a It has been Baptists who have most in Col. 2:11-12, Paul mentions spiritual spiritual cleansing for infants by baptizing strongly disagreed with Catholics on circumcision, the circumcision of Christ, them? Here also sprinkling or pouring would various interpretations of baptism as spiri- and baptism. The full meaning of his be more appropriate than immersion. tual cleansing. Baptists believe in spiritual thought is not completely clear, but initia- Augustine was sorry to say so, but he cleansing but think that it occurs by God’s tion does seem to be involved. thought that hell was the destination for grace after repentance and faith rather than There is general agreement among infants who died without baptism. Thomas by baptism. Christians on baptism as initiation of some Aquinas agreed that hell was in store for Baptists are convinced that it is kind. There are differences over the extent infants dying without baptism. But Aquinas faith, not baptism, that is necessary for of initiation. thought they would go to limbo, a border salvation. Baptists might say that baptism Baptists, who baptize only believers, or edge of hell without any physical pain. represents spiritual cleansing but does not think that baptism provides initiation into Modern Catholics are not all completely accomplish it. full church membership. That membership sure about what happens to infants who Baptists reject baptism for infants includes participation in the Lord’s Supper

Feature 47 ‘The idea of the necessity of baptism may have been involved in the question of what was necessary for baptism.’ and voting on church business. Baptists between baptism and circumcision. crucial events in Christ’s ministry is symbol- hope that all church members will continue Also, the earliest Christians apparently ized only through immersion, not through to grow spiritually, but a newly baptized did not share Calvin’s belief. According sprinkling or pouring. Also, infants cannot believer of whatever age is considered fully a to Acts 2, on the day of Pentecost 3,000 identify with Christ, but believers can and church member. presumably circumcised Jews were baptized. do. Christians who baptize infants have The earliest Christians evidently thought What if some faith groups immerse a different view. They usually believe that that baptism and circumcision were not the believers while also thinking that baptism baptism alone is not enough to allow admis- same kind of initiation. has a special power? There are those who sion to communion. There also has to be reject such immersions (“alien immer- confirmation, preceded by catechism, for IDENTIFICATION sions”), reasoning that the candidates and those baptized as infants. In these cases, A third meaning of baptism is identifica- authorizing bodies do not have the proper baptism is only a partial initiation. tion. There can be identification with the associated beliefs. Many Christians think of baptism as church, the body of Christ; but the primary The supposedly wrong associated an initiation into Christ himself, a chris- identification is with Christ himself. beliefs appear to overwhelm and overrule the tening. Other Christians like the idea of a Jesus was baptized, so there is some symbolism of identification with Christ. But relationship to Christ. They do wonder how identification with him in that act. However, is the proper remedy to immerse again or to a ceremony involving a few drops of water there is a problem with Jesus’ baptism revise any unapproved associated beliefs? for an infant can be thought to accomplish for those who emphasize the meaning of or even portray such a condition. baptism as spiritual cleansing. CONCLUSIONS There are Christians who do not believe Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, After all of these considerations, what may there is any justification for infant baptism. who proclaimed “a baptism of repentance for we conclude from this survey of meanings? Some of those Christians, however, do think the forgiveness of sins” (Mark 1:4, NRSV). All of the major meanings of Christian it is appropriate to have a special service But Christians regard Jesus as sinless and baptism have some amount of biblical involving infants. The service emphasizes a thus as not needing to repent. Christians support. They are all “right” in that sense. spiritual dedication of parents and congre- cannot identify with Jesus in these ways. Difficulties arise when there are gation to the infants, an initiation into Why then was Jesus baptized? When extended interpretations that are often Christian nurture and admonition. John objected, Jesus replied, “Let it be debatable. We should not allow extended John Calvin had a special understanding so now; for it is proper for us in this way interpretations to overwhelm the major of baptism as initiation. He may have been to fulfill all righteousness” (Matt. 3:15, meanings. seeking a justification for infant baptism NRSV). The complete meaning of Jesus’ But what is the relationship of the that did not involve the Catholic empha- statement is not entirely clear. original meanings? I believe that identifica- sis on forgiveness of sins. And he may have Can Christians somehow identify with tion with Christ, including Christian beliefs considered the references in Col. 2:11-12 to Christ in his fulfilling of all righteousness? about his death and resurrection, is the most baptism and the circumcision of Christ. Perhaps Jesus, without sin, was showing his important meaning for Christian baptism. Calvin claimed that baptism was identification with humans. Also, the initiation involved with a substitute for circumcision. (See John It was Paul who gave a strong and Christian baptism should be understood Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, striking interpretation of baptism as identi- as identification with Christ and with his Book IV, Chapter XVI, Section 4.) He fication with Christ. In Rom. 6:3-5 Paul followers. Further, the spiritual cleansing believed that circumcision and baptism thinks of baptism as symbolizing death, of sins associated with baptism comes not basically had the same meaning: initiation burial and resurrection in relation to Christ. simply through water but through Christ. into God’s covenant of grace. He considered There is mention of Christ’s own death and Baptism that is right for Christians baptism, like circumcision, to be appropri- resurrection. is the baptism that emphasizes Christ. He ate for infants. Paul then associates Christ’s being is the most important consideration for The Bible does not provide strong raised from the dead with Christians’ being Christian baptism. NFJ support for Calvin’s view. There is the raised to walk “in newness of life.” Paul strange reference in Col. 2:11-12 to further associates the death and resurrection —E.B. Self of Hopkinsville, Ky., is author of baptism as the circumcision of Christ, but of Christ with the (future) death and resur- Ways of Thinking About God: The Bible, the full meaning of Paul’s thought is not rection of the baptized. Philosophy, and Science, from clear. There is no other biblical connection Paul’s connection of baptism with Nurturing Faith Publishing.

48 Feature GO WEST New customized opportunities from Nurturing Faith for restoration and exploration Guided by Bruce Gourley, writer, historian and adventurer based in Bozeman, Montana

SABBATICALS Want to spend time in the Rockies being refreshed? Bruce can plan just the experience you want — for as few as one person. Options are endless: Relax at a scenic ranch. Visit with creative Christian leaders in unique settings. Go fly-fishing, horseback riding, rafting or skiing. Explore Yellowstone and/or other national parks with Bruce’s insider knowledge.

CHURCH GROUPS Want to bring a group out West? Whether intergenerational, seniors, families, young adults, church staff — or any other — Bruce can plan and host a unique and memorable experience just for you.

Bruce Gourley is the online editor and contributing writer for Nurtur- ing Faith, an award-winning photographer and owner of the popular web site yellowstone.net. To begin exploring any of these opportunities, contact Bruce at [email protected]. In search of a Jesus worldview

BY BRUCE GOURLEY Simply type the words “christian worldview” in your Google search bar. “How about a Jesus worldview?” Google will provide you with multiple ditor John Pierce raised this question suggested searches beginning with the in the March/April issue of Nurtur- phrase and paired with additional words. E ing Faith Journal. He noted the You will be prompted toward “chris- more-popular “Christian” and “biblical” tian worldview news,” “christian worldview The Truth & Justice Project of worldviews are often no more than mirror videos,” “christian worldview books,” Nurturing Faith, directed by Bruce images of one’s personal prejudices and “christian worldview film,” “christian Gourley, will bring a sharper focus to biases. worldview radio,” and other related options, important contemporary issues within Not surprising, many evangelicals Likewise, type “biblical worldview” the context of a Jesus worldview respond defensively to the charge that in your Google search bar and you will through conversations, resources they alarmingly downplay the significance be prompted with many similar, multiple and programs designed to stimu- of Jesus. Yet within American evangelical suggestions. late congregational engagement, Christianity, often Jesus is praised as the Each of these suggestions, drawn enhance pastoral leadership, and encourage faithful Christian living. pathway to otherworldly salvation, while from Google’s vast database of online user The Truth & Justice Project will his earthly worldview (kingdom of God) searches, represents popular search queries be funded by gifts above and beyond as evidenced in the Gospels is minimized, beginning with “christian worldview” or the current and needed support of redefined or ignored. “biblical worldview.” the overall ministry of Nurturing Faith. It is striking to realize how often Now try typing “jesus worldview” in One-time, monthly or annual gifts may Christians will forsake the “Christ” in the Google search bar. What appears in the be made online at nurturingfaith.net/ “Christianity” to focus on alternatives search bar? give-now (designated for “TJP”) or by that reinforce the status quo of dominant Nothing. That’s right, nothing. check. religious and cultural structures. This simple exercise shows that, statis- To personally discuss this According to some evangelicals, many tically, no one is searching for a “jesus expanded ministry of Nurturing Faith Baptists in particular, Jesus is inadequate worldview” — not news or books or films or focused on a Jesus worldview, please contact Bruce Gourley at as the “criterion” or standard through videos or radio programs or anything else. (406) 599-1754 or bgourley@ which the Bible is to be interpreted. Why? A Jesus worldview is not something nurturingfaith.net. Because Jesus’ openness as depicted in the many people think about very seriously, Gospels results in a more inclusive, welcom- much less live or search for. ing approach than they find comfortable Nurturing Faith, however, is commit- special events, all serve to help fulfill our — threatening their majoritarian, exclu- ted to helping Christians better understand mission. Now a new step is ahead, focused sive theology and political ideology and and embrace a Jesus worldview. Our very squarely on “developing a Jesus worldview.” practices. name reflects the value system of the Jesus We are pleased to introduce this latest As heard from one high-profile Baptist of the Gospels: an inclusive, nurturing faith, expansion of our ministry called “Truth & leader recently, Jesus gets dismissed as too rather than an exclusive, authoritarian faith. Justice Project” — that will debut in the meek to deal with modern realities. Nurturing Faith seeks to provide next edition of Nurturing Faith Journal, yet Such evangelicals, affirming so-called helpful information and resources for not be confined to the publication alone. Christian or biblical worldviews, prefer discerning and living authentic faith as The project will consist of a special section highly authoritarian and aggressive leaders expressed in our mission statement to in the journal, digital resources, congrega- (always male) who promise privilege over provide “relevant and trusted information, tional workshops, special events and more. and protection from “others” who threaten thoughtful analysis and inspiring features, My own work with Nurturing Faith, their power and prestige, including growing rooted in the historic Baptist tradition of guiding the Truth & Justice Project, will minorities, immigrants, refugees and freedom of conscience, for reflective Chris- expand as support for this project grows. non-Christians. tians seeking to live out a mature faith in a The goal is simple: To enlarge the Jesus In our data-saturated world, the fast-changing culture.” worldview among those baptized in his absence of a Jesus worldview can be verified This signature journal and Bible studies, name — and to present a public image of rather than just assumed. Following is one along with an expanding digital presence, the Christian faith that reflects the Christ of way to do so. quality books, engaging experiences and the Gospels. NFJ

50 Thoughts NEW FROM NURTURING FAITH

Join young N.W. (Noble Wimberly) Jones and his family on a bold journey from their home in Lambeth, England to settling into the Georgia colony.

Lynelle Mason loves stories — and loves to tell them — especially if they involve her home state of Georgia. Trailblazer is packed with historical details and will be enjoyed by readers of all ages as they join N.W. in exciting and challenging adventures. "MARY JAYNE ALLEN RETIRED MINISTER OF EDUCATION FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, CHATTANOOGA, TENN.

Lynelle Mason truly is gifted in making historical fiction come alive for her readers. Young readers will be captivated by the stories of hardship and perseverance of someone their age living in a very difficult time in our country’s early history. "LAURA M. COOPER ELEMENTARY LITERACY COACH CHATTANOOGA, TENN.

AVAILABLE IN PRINT OR DIGITAL DOWNLOAD AT NURTURINGFAITH.NET/BOOKSTORE

What makes Nurturing Faith Publishing so unique? Many good attributes Nurturing Faith is a publishing ministry that Authors are valued for their work and — such as excellence provides thoughtful resources for Christian involved throughout the process. First in writing, editing, living in a fast-changing, diverse culture. refusal on future books is never required. We’re interested in more than just throw- We want the good experience to bring design and printing — ing words on a page and moving on to the authors back for more. come together when next project. publishing a book that Built-in marketing allows for wider pleases the author and An experienced team of editors, designers exposure of books equaling hundreds of and marketers — with expertise in theology, dollars worth of advertising in print and readers. Nurturing Faith history, biblical studies, Christian formation online at no cost to authors. provides such excel- and more — is engaged with each book. lence — and more.

Want to know more about publishing with Nurturing Faith? Visit nurturingfaith.net and click “Publish with us” under “Books” in the pull-down menu. The trowel of careful study and exegesis can unearth layers of meaning in the Bible that have long been overlooked. Tony Cartledge provides this type of thorough examination in his book, Five Scrolls for All Times, in which he tackles these tough texts:

The book of Ruth is familiar to many Christians as a story of love and devotion — but not for its deeper significance. Esther is a lesser known heroine whose story is more convo- luted and troubling than it appears. The Song of Songs, with its frank eroticism, has frightened pious clerics into masking its message with allegory. The dark books of Lamentations and Ecclesiastes may send readers fleeing to higher literary ground lest they become too deeply enmeshed in the hard questions of life. Travel with Tony Cartledge as he digs beneath surface pleasantries in these five books to discover the clever, hopeful, skeptical, sorrowful, delightful, and sometimes naked characters beneath.

52 Feature The Shack: A good case for a good God

A REVIEW BY JOHN D. PIERCE It is hard to image a better portrayal of Jesus than the one in the film. He is patient he movie adaptation of The Shack and kind and wholly (and holy) invested in is a wonderful gift for anyone a struggling individual — even in miracu- T who believes in divine goodness lous ways. He opens the door to a hopeful and human redemption. And it’s hard to future by giving a glimpse into eternity. And imagine a greater gift than redemption. anyone who thinks the cross is somehow Especially those of us from a Christian absent didn’t pay enough attention to his tradition — that understands God to be words, works or wrists. revealed and experienced as more than one Picking out some doctrinal deficiency person — should marvel at this good work. shallowly address the problem of evil that seems trite in light of this moving story of a The God-persons in the movie make a more theologians and all thinking persons have lost soul being found and restored through compelling case than scholarly Trinitarian wrestled with for centuries upon centuries amazing grace. Even if compelled to do so, it formulas or a children’s sermon involving an with insights but never full resolution. would have been hard to see through misty egg. The Shack constructs no straw men eyes. You know, with its shell, white and to be whisked away with a quoted Bible The criticism heard most often from yolk, it remains just one egg. Yet a rare verse or the heroics of some social-outcast some Christians is that the movie portrays a two-yolk egg has brought unplanned heresy believer. As in real life, the question of broader understanding of God’s grace than to a few sanctuaries over the years. why bad things happen to good people is one’s narrowly prescribed “plan of salva- To nitpick some narrow doctrinal issue not fully answered; it never will be in this tion.” Which leaves me wondering if such with the movie is to miss the big picture — earthly experience. discomfort comes from the fearful, perhaps the same way fundamentalist Christians However, God is confronted with such even jealous, possibility that redemption tend to view the Bible. troubling questions, and not let off the may reach beyond our well-constructed, Like the Trinity, the movie (which is hook for insufficient answers. Yet God’s love exclusive religious clubhouses. not some creed to be recited in a particular is as persistent as the Apostle Paul poeti- I’m comfortable leaving the extent of denominational setting) is three-in-one: a cally described it to the Corinthians. And, God’s grace up to God. If it reaches to me, case for God’s goodness; a creative Trinitar- ultimately, it can and does bring healing to then it has the power to reach anywhere ian expression (though a fourth and needed the human heart while mysteries remain. God chooses. person arrives just in time and should In the film, the deep pain of loss and In light of God’s great love and grace — satisfy those with a Father-heavy view of sorrow is real and never downplayed or revealed in the Bible, in this film and often God); and, most of all, a remarkable story dismissed. And forgiveness is painfully hard in daily living — it seems quite likely, to me, of human redemption. work. Redemption comes from a gracious that Jesus’ acceptance of us is less bounded It is a well-constructed theodicy (a case God but is not always easy to accept — and than any human concept of accepting Jesus. for the goodness of God in the face of evil) especially not easy to grant to those who’ve The least of my concerns today is grace that far exceeds most “Christian” films that done great harm. that goes too far. NFJ

First Baptist Church of Augusta, Georgia is celebrating 200 years of faith and community with the publication of a bicentennial history volume. A Journey of Faith and Community The Story of the First Baptist Church of Augusta, Georgia BY BRUCE T. GOURLEY

Published by Mercer University Press and Baptist History and Heritage Society

Available August 2017 Pre-orders: (706) 733-2236

Media 53 A NEW CHURCH HISTORY from Faith

or its 60th anniversary, VHBC members wanted a F history that would be accessible and inviting to old and new members alike. They embraced the idea of the church’s story told largely through photographs, and are very pleased with the finished product. Editor Jackie Riley and artistic designer Vickie Frayne are so compe- tent and professional. Getting the job done felt overwhelming at times, but they eased my anxieties and answered every question promptly. They cared about the book as much as we did. —CYNTHIA WISE MITCHELL VESTAVIA HILLS BAPTIST CHURCH

Your partner in publishing an excellent history of your church or organization

The team that managed the editing and designing of our book of history did a remarkable job helping us to format our history with the inclusion of photographs that made us proud of the finished product and grateful to their staff. It was a great experience to be guided by professionals who were so detail-oriented and created a timetable to get our published history in advance of the time we would need it. Their suggestions related both to content and layout resulted in a product that exceeded our expectations. —Dr. William L. Hardee, Pastor First Baptist Church, Griffin, Ga.

Nurturing Faith Publishing provides the level and detail of service needed — whether starting with concept and writing or our receiving a completed manuscript with art. To begin the conversation, contact Managing Editor Jackie Riley at [email protected]. Frances FitzGerald tracks how evangelicals lost their way

A REVIEW BY DAVID GUSHEE on conservative evangelicalism since that FitzGerald knows that evangelicalism is Religion News Service period, and that reporting shows up in these a global community but shows that Ameri- lengthy chapters. can evangelicalism is very deeply American. rances FitzGerald’s massive new Pretty much everything there is to be So even from the 19th-century, American tome, The Evangelicals: The Struggle said about Falwell, Pat Robertson, Ralph evangelicals had a tendency to identify their F to Shape America, is the most impor- Reed, Richard Land, James Dobson and a own community and its concerns with that tant new book on evangelicals in many cast of thousands of earnest (and sometimes of America writ large. years. Everyone who cares about religion in clownish) Christian rightists can be found She especially shows that after the America must read it. here. massive social changes of the 1960s, Reading this book during the Lenten Perhaps newer to most readers will be evangelicalism became very deeply white- season, and completing it during Holy FitzGerald’s discussion of the splintering of male-reactionary American. This evangelical Week, may have contributed to my primary American evangelicalism in the aftermath white-male-reactionary-Americanism came take on the book: that evangelicals very of what she calls the “unfortunate George to override the Christian gospel or even to badly lost their way. And they did so because W. Bush.” As a participant define it. The gospel was not their gospel stopped being about the love of in much of the history she about Jesus, but about nostal- God in Jesus Christ, demonstrated most recounts, I know most of the gia for a lost America where profoundly at the cross, and instead became people she describes as “new our guys, and our values, a reactionary jeremiad about saving America evangelicals” (for example, Joel were unquestioned. by electing Republican politicians and fight- Hunter, Richard Cizik and Jim In the end, the result ing culture wars. Wallis) along with those in a was an unholy marriage of The author is not an evangelical insider still-conservative but less rigid top evangelical leaders to the and does not make that claim. But she offers group such as Russell Moore. Republican Party and conser- all the evidence necessary for me to make it, She tells this post-2006 story vative lobbyists and operatives. aided by nearly 40 years as a participant in very well indeed. In reaction, a smaller group of American evangelical Christianity. FitzGerald concludes evangelical progressives also That’s not all the book is about, of that the old angry white guy became involved in similar course. FitzGerald offers a comprehen- Christian right is slowly dying out, and conjugal relations with the Democrats and sive history of American evangelicals that shows that the political energy of the white their lobbyists and operatives. traces their story all the way back to the conservative Christian right mainly moved When religious folk get entangled with 18th century. With considerable though not to the Tea Party by 2010 and then to the secular politicians in the political arena, the flawless grasp of detail, the book tells the Trumpistas in 2016. That still makes them politicians always win. They have home American evangelical story with remarkable a potent political force (for a while longer), field advantage. The earnest religious types comprehensiveness. but this version of “Christian” politics is get played. And the people in the pews start I was especially struck by her tracing of even more morally compromised and less heading for the exits. distinctive northern and southern evangeli- recognizably Christian than in the Falwell- Faithful Christian discipleship does calisms, her description of the explosive Robertson days. involve bearing witness to Christian convic- growth of Pentecostalism and her elegiac FitzGerald’s subtitle is The Struggle to tions in public. But drawing the line take on the arc of Billy Graham’s career, Shape America. Therein lies the problem, between this dimension of Christian procla- whose entanglement with Richard Nixon not with the book, but with the movement. mation, on the one hand, and getting used ended up foreshadowing the later course of The Christian faith is not fundamen- by politicians, on the other, has proved very politicized evangelicalism. tally about shaping America or any other difficult for evangelical Christians since at The last half of the book slows down, country. It is fundamentally about nurtur- least Billy Graham. covering only the period since the rise of ing a community of human beings who will It’s a sordid story, and it has shaped Jerry Falwell and the Christian right in faithfully follow Jesus. This is where Ameri- American religion and public life for more the 1970s. FitzGerald has reported directly can evangelicals went wrong. than a generation. NFJ

Media 55 REBLOG

“False/misleading information is only as e"ective as it is believed and shared.” Gullibility leads to false witness

BY JOHN D. PIERCE It is easier to copy and paste, or assume to embracing and advancing unanalyzed and accept what someone offers as truth, misinformation are driven more by fear Phineas Taylor Barnum, “P.T.,” for even “biblical” truth, than to actually discern than compassion. “Truth” becomes what the truth if it requires a little patience and makes one feel more secure. short, may have underestimated homework. Another factor may well be how the birthrate of suckers. And Often what is embraced and shared comfortable one is living with mystery. as truth has no basis in reality, but simply The desire for certainty — often in the among them are many who have sounds good and fits neatly with one’s form of black-and-white answers to life’s been born twice. preconceived notions. That is, it accom- complexities — can cause blind allegiance plishes one’s purpose or reinforces one’s to autocratic, authoritarian personalities alse information accepted and preferred viewpoint. of a religious and/or political bent — who advanced as truth has been around The acceptance and spreading of make their livings off of uncritical thinkers. F for as long as humanity. However, misinformation as truth can result from So how do we fill the gullibility gap? the recent and enormous increase in the mental and spiritual laziness. Martin Luther How do we become better known as seekers sources for dispensing such information is King Jr. said it well: “Nothing pains some rather than suckers? staggering. people more than having to think.” First, we must affirm Jesus’ clear Charlatan preachers who once Gullibility is difficult to address with- proclamation that truth, not comfort, sets dispensed bad theology beneath tents out coming across as calling people stupid. us free. moved to the airwaves. Hollow political But let’s face it: naïveté is rampant among Just because we like how something promises are now spread on Twitter rather American evangelicals. sounds — or someone ties a biblical refer- than atop a stump. Over-hyped products And while gullibility may not be a ence to it or speaks it in an authoritative are pushed on infomercials, and through familiar theme of sin-focused sermonizing, voice — doesn’t make it true. Truth is not annoying (but obviously effective) popup its result is carved in stone: Thou shall not determined by what we want it to be. ads rather than by snake oil barkers on a bear false witness. Second, we must take the time and wagon. It is important to be cautious when energy to analyze that which often masquer- Social media create a constant swirl accepting and especially sharing that which ades as truth before embracing and sharing of misinformation that is liked, shared, is purported to be true. Being duped, and it as such. retweeted and repeated without regard for then passing along that deception is never Should we be suspicious? Skeptical? its source or truthfulness. helpful to oneself or to others. Yes! Yes! We need to be cautious, criti- One can rightly blame those who While gullibility is not the sole cal, thoughtful — while remaining kind. produce and push false information for their property of Christians or one segment of Jesus put it this way: “… be wise own advantage, but here’s one sure truth: the church, parroting of false information is (shrewd) as serpents and gentle as doves” False/misleading information is only as certainly an issue of concern for people who (Matt. 10:16 NASB). effective as it is believed and shared. claim a strong commitment to truth. Otherwise, those who claim an And many Christians seem eager to do This matter deserves our attention, allegiance to ultimate truth become, even both with little or no critical analysis and and it helps to begin by tracing back to the unknowingly, bearers of false witness. And careful verification by reliable sources that roots. that’s not the kind of witness to which we lead to effective discernment of truth. I’d suggest that those most susceptible are called. NFJ

Blogs, daily news, events, social media connections and more may be found at nurturingfaith.net

56 Thoughts DIGGIN’ IT What the donkey dung said . . . By Tony W. Cartledge

rchaeologists in the southernmost stretch of the Wadi Arabah recently A uncovered a surprising find — clods of 3,000-year-old donkey dung in an amazing state of preservation. The ancient ordure was found piled against the inside of a fortified wall near the gatehouse of a copper mining camp in the Timna Valley of southern Israel. The desert site, pockmarked with mining pits and piles of slag from the refin- ing process, has been known since at least 1934, when Nelson Glueck identified the sandstone mesa as a mining camp and called it “Slave’s Hill.” Scoops of poop were apparently coll- Credit: Yiorgos GR | Shutterstock ected and dried for use as fuel in furnaces that heated the blue copper ore to extract liquid metal from it. north. The food consisted of grape pomace a military target, but whether its guards So why should anyone care? (the pulp remaining after grapes are pressed were working for the Israelites or defending Bible readers might care, because a in wine-making) and hay — not ordinary against them is unclear. radiocarbon analysis of the dung (along straw — according to Yosef’s scholarly Biblical accounts of Solomon’s build- with other organic materials from the same report in the Journal of Archaeological ing activities, including the temple in strata) dated it to the 10th century BCE Science. Jerusalem, indicate that he would have — an Iron Age site from the time of King The site is so desolate that everything required enormous quantities of bronze, Solomon. (including water) had to be carried in from which is usually about 88 percent copper Archaeologist Erez Ben-Yosef of Tel miles away, but metal and 12 percent tin. David, according to Aviv University, who began excavating the was so valuable that it 1 Chron. 22:14, collected huge stockpiles of site in 2013, told National Geographic that was worth the consid- gold and silver, in addition to “bronze and scholars had previously thought it was an erable effort. iron beyond weighing.” older, Late Bronze Age site from the 13th What the three- Enormous slag piles at sites in the and 12th centuries BCE, probably operated millennia-old manure Timna Valley, as well as at Khirbat En-Nahas by Egyptians. doesn’t tell us is who (further north in the Wadi Arabah, where Glueck had argued more than 80 drove the donkeys, slag piles were 20 feet deep), testify to the years ago that several sites along the Wadi dug the ore, manned large amounts of copper that were taken Arabah dated from Solomon’s time. Many the furnaces, and transported the copper from the area. A good portion of it, by hook later scholars laughed at his contention, back to whoever was financing the project. or by crook, could have ended up embel- but recent finds appear to be validating his Archaeologists now think the most lishing Jerusalem’s architecture or arming views. likely candidates are early Edomites — but Israel’s soldiers. An analysis of preserved seeds and aren’t ruling out a connection with Solomon, The donkey’s dung doesn’t tell us all pollen spores in the desiccated dung tells who claimed the area and may have either we’d like to know, but provides an intrigu- us more: at least some of the animals’ feed commissioned the mines or taken tax or ing glimpse into the hard lives of ancient was “donkeyed” in from an area near the tribute from the miners. The camp’s surpris- miners and international trade. Mediterranean Sea some 100 miles to the ing system of fortifications indicates it was Who would have thought it? NFJ

Feature 57 MORE ^ a great publisher nurturingfaith.net Deep & wid& Together we can deepen our support and expand our influence

BY JOHN F. BRIDGES the support for this beloved ministry. With Director of Development your help, this can be done. Here are a few ways: any of us remember the catchy Sunday school children’s tune: increasing your gift. Even a little more each “Deep and wide, Deep and wide, M month adds up when several of us do so. There’s a fountain flowing, Deep and wide.” Since joining the Nurturing Faith team last year, I have confirmed time and again contributing monthly if this enables you the deep and wide loyalty, devotion and to give more overall annually. Or simply commitment to this expanding publishing enlarge your annual gift, if possible. ministry. I commend you, and thank you Let me hear from you! for the many ways you support this good Please know that I would love to talk with and needed work. give prayerful consideration to including you about ways your stewardship can make One of my goals as director of develop- Nurturing Faith/Baptists Today in your a real impact through Nurturing Faith. ment is to work with you to find new ways estate plans — to secure the future of this You may reach me at (704) 616-1725 or to deepen and expand that loyalty to enlarge uniquely valuable ministry. [email protected]. NFJ

Baptists Today / Nurturing Faith has received gifts In honor of … Bob Cates Anne and Paul Nolan From Molly and Dee Yancy From Mary Jayne and Bill Allen Paul Baxley From Sandra and Mark Sanders Art Coltharpe Robert Parham From Paula Settle Colin Harris From LaNell Coltharp From Gary and Deborah Leamon Phil Rodgerson Findley Edge From Dorothy and Dean Kaufman Wilfred Platt From Tom Allerton From Gail and Thomas Brown Edmon L. Rowell Jr. From Ruth T. Rowell Walter Shurden J. Perry Hannah From Eunice Hannah From Michael G. Queen Drayton and Mary Etta Sanders From Virginia and William Ireland Julie Steele and Jannie Lister Kenneth Edward Hill From Gail and Tom Litwiler From Joan H. Hill William Self In memory of … From Barbara and Alan McKnight Ralph H. Langley Hugh Burlington From Wendell F. Wentz Sid Staley From Vickie Burlington From Wendell T. Wright C. David Matthews Bob Cates Ed Vick From Paulette and Harold Harrison From Ann and Floyd Roebuck From Laura M. Vick

Bob Cates William W. Moseley James Wilkinson From Tamera Tillman Smathers From Betty Ruth Moseley From Marie Wilkinson

60 Information Judson-Rice Society Recognizing, with gratitude, those individuals whose annual gifts in 2016 totaled $1,000 or more

Joel and Nannette Avery W.M. Gilbert Jr. Florence Roberts Patricia Shield Ayres Pat Ingle Gillis Benjamin Roth Max and Sara Bahner Jack and Barbara Glasgow Anne Sandel Bob and Pat Barker Wayne and Karen Glasgow Drayton and Mary Etta Sanders Ann T. Beane Kirby and Joan Godsey Charles and Pat Schaible Chip and Eve Bishop Ben and Helen Gross Walter and Kay Shurden Edwin and Tereasa Boland Colin and Faye Harris Roy and Charlotte Cook Smith Tommy and Beth Ann Boland Russell Honeycutt Chuck and Carol Boseman Taylor Don Brewer David and Jane Hull Dewey and Ramona Teal Imogene Brewer Fisher and Caroline Humphreys Ed and Sarah Timmerman Huey and Charlotte Bridgman Tom and Gail Litwiler Margaret Trawick Doug Bryan P. L . M c C a l l J r. David and Christy Turner Frieda Byrd Andrew and Mary McGill Tony and Susan Cartledge Bruce Morgan Joe and Cathy Turner Bob and Martha Cates Ed and Jane Nichols Neal and Pam Wacter Hardy Clemons Ron and Patsy Perritt Clem and Carole White Earl and Peggy Clevenger Ed and Trudy Pettibone Woodie and Winnie Williams Kenny and Shirley Crump John and Teresa Pierce Scott and Vickie Willis Doug and Judy Dortch Wil and Roslyn Platt Bill and Kathy Wilson Mr. and Mrs. John Ellis Kathy and Randy Richardson David and Ann Wilson Sarah Frost Alice B. Ridgeway Eddie and Donna Wood

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Information 61 Questions Christians ask scientists Do you think extraterrestrial life is out there, and if so, what is its theological significance? — Maxine Williams, Atlanta, Ga. he Christian tradition doesn’t say life is everywhere it can be. Perhaps God’s much about extraterrestrial life. creativity demands it. T Well, actually, it says nothing at all So, is life really out there, intelligent or about it. not? But our faith does tell us about God, We’ve been working on this question and one of God’s attributes is creativity. It is for decades. For many years this work was in the nature of God to be endlessly inven- largely a hunt for radio communications tive when it comes to life. from outer space, but recently it has focused Genesis 1–3, Psalm 104, Job 38–41, on finding planets orbiting stars other than and other passages describe the works of the sun. Thanks to the success of this effort, an innovative, imaginative, ingenious and the search for extraterrestrial life is in a kind indefatigable Creator. of golden age today. The author of Genesis is clear about When I first took astronomy in 1987 the deliberate care God takes with the fish BY PAUL WALLACE there were no planets known to exist outside of the sea and beasts of the land. The psalm- our solar system, and by the time I started Paul Wallace is a Baptist minister with a ist overflows with praise in the presence of teaching the subject in 1997 we knew of doctorate in experimental nuclear physics God’s creations: the lion, the hyrax, the only three such planets. Many more of from Duke University and post-doctoral cedar, the stork. work in gamma ray astronomy, along with these bodies, known as extrasolar planets Job is taken on a cosmic tour during a theology degree from Emory University. or exoplanets, have been discovered in the which God praises the deer, the eagle, the He teaches at Agnes Scott College in decades since. vulture and the mountain goat, among Decatur, Ga. Faith-science questions for There are now 3,483 confirmed other odd and remote creatures. Through- consideration may be submitted to exoplanets and 4,496 exoplanet candidates. out scripture the living world provides [email protected]. The study of these planets might give us evidence of God’s creative nature. clues about the origin, evolution, and fate Today we know more about the earth’s years, drying out to the point where they are of our own planet and solar system. But the biodiversity than we did when the Bible was 3 percent or less water, only to rehydrate, true driver behind exoplanet research is the written. Even though there is much more for forage and reproduce,” says Wikipedia. question: Are we alone? us to learn, we are sure of this: life is every- They like moss and lichen a lot but live Planets are important because not even where it can be. It thrives in the deepest nearly everywhere, from the peaks of tardigrades can survive for too long on a star trenches of the oceans and on the highest mountains to the floor of the sea, in deserts, or in outer space. Life as we know it requires mountaintops and at the outer extremes of in rainforests, on volcanoes, in Antarctica. liquid water, which can only exist in regions temperature and humidity. Tardigrades are just one example. close to stars (so the water won’t freeze) but In 2013 scientists reported that bacte- Earth is wholly saturated with life: there not too close (so the water won’t vaporize). ria were found living a half-mile under are at least 10,000 bird species; 6,000 red Planets such as the earth, where water the Antarctic ice. Life has also been found algae species; 15,000 moss species; a million can exist as a liquid, are, we believe, the best thousands of feet below the ocean floor insect species; and the list goes on and on. possible candidate sites for life, and perhaps — itself 8,500 feet deep — off the north- Life shows up and persists and diver- the only possible sites. Hence the great western coast of the United States. sifies everywhere it can. This is divine interest in studying exoplanets. Some creatures are miracles of hardi- creativity, praised in scripture and revealed All of these thousands of exoplanets ness. Tiny animals called tardigrades can in the world around us: gratuitous, gener- and exoplanet candidates are nearby, at least withstand temperatures from −458 to ous, extravagant, overflowing. when measured on the scale of the Milky +300°F, radiation hundreds of times more It seems that, given the endless forms Way, our home galaxy. Current technol- intense than the lethal dose for humans, and of life with which God has blessed and ogy simply can’t detect planets beyond our the vacuum of outer space. filled every corner and fold of our home stellar neighborhood. And there’s more: “[Tardigrades] can planet, the same rule might apply to the But if we assume that our neighbor- go without food or water for more than 30 cosmos itself: out among the stars, perhaps hood is not unusually rich in planets — and

62 Feature we have no reason to believe that it is — If even one civilization had a million- nakedness and felt shame for the first time. there must be at least 100 billion planets in year head start on us — the briefest of We were wounded, changed forever. the Milky Way alone. (And the Milky Way times, cosmically speaking — then it This change is manifested (at least is only one of hundreds of billions of galax- should have colonized the Milky Way by partly) in alienation from one another and ies in the visible universe.) now, and its presence would be obvious. from God and from creation. The incarna- With such an incomprehensibly vast But we have zero evidence of life, much tion of God in Jesus is a divine response to number of planets to choose from, and less intelligent life, beyond our own fair that problem, a way of reconciling us to one keeping in mind God’s apparent tendency planet. another, to God, and to creation, of drawing to squeeze life into every possible cranny So we have good reasons for thinking us back into communion. Jesus is God’s way and fold, it is difficult to not believe that ET is out there, and good reasons for think- of healing our wounds. there’s some kind of life out there, even ing it’s not. So if extraterrestrial intelligence is intelligent life. Which is it? Both possibilities are out there, we may fairly ask: Has ET been But if intelligent life is out there, we interesting, but only the former seems wounded? Is ET in need of God to become don’t know about it, and that’s odd. to challenge traditional Christian beliefs. incarnate on its behalf? Is there a space alien Enrico Fermi, one of the great physi- The Bible was written, and Christianity equivalent of Jesus out there somewhere? cists of the 20th century, is known for was developed, under the assumption that And if ET has not been wounded, how have many things: he developed the first nuclear humans were the only intelligent corporeal they avoided it? reactor, worked on the Manhattan Project, beings in the cosmos. If this is not true, then This is just one avenue of theo- and did important work in several branches all kinds of questions follow. logical discussion that opens up when extra- of theoretical physics. But he is most widely For example, Genesis 3 says that terrestrial life is taken seriously. And we as known for the so-called “Fermi Paradox.” somehow, some way, humanity has been Christians should take it seriously. This paradox is simply stated: If life is wounded. Some call Adam and Eve’s dis- Our God, after all, does not seem common in the galaxy, where is everybody? obedience a crisis of pride, some call it a fall, modest when it comes to the making of His argument is that if the galaxy hosts an some call it a coming of age. Whatever it living things down here on Earth. And who abundance of life, we would know it. was, our eyes were opened. We saw our own are we to put limits on divine creativity? NFJ

BIG ISLAND, BIG SKY A new Nurturing Faith Experience March 10-16, 2018 Join astrophysicist Paul Wallace and hosts John Pierce and Bruce Gourley for:

LIMITED SPACE | DETAILS / REGISTRATION: nurtuirngfaith.net Note: This is an ADveNTure, an exploration of nature, and an experi- ence in faith-science dialogue. It is a unique opportunity to explore the stars above and sea life below in an amazing setting with a gifted Christian scientist. Participants seeking a resort experience should plan such on either end of this Nurturing Faith experience.

Feature 63 NEW FROM NURTURING FAITH

any Christians who How can the Old Testament be a take their faith seri- resource for my development as a M ously yearn for ways to moral person?” inhabit the Old Testament text In Wisdom Calls, Paul Lewis and embrace it as a living organ- approaches the Old Testament as ism. They ask: a thought experiment that invites “How can I engage the us to explore these questions in a Hebrew Bible in ways that simul- world full of competing voices — taneously honor its integrity and what he labels as the moral story display its functional benefit for of the Hebrew Bible — navigating living intentionally in complex, a process of moral development, and sometimes disordered, times? the end point of which is wisdom.

“a novel approach for discerning how both Jews and Christians can learn about how their development as moral and wise persons are displayed in the Hebrew Bible”

AVAILABLE IN PRINT OR DIGITAL DOWNLOAD AT NURTURINGFAITH.NET/BOOKSTORE

Chad Clayborn is a college senior and a fun-loving, woman-crazy guy with his own apartment, a first-class sports car, and even a couple of bona fide job prospects after graduation. Then, just when he thinks his education is complete, a blind professor, a feisty senior citizen, and a gentle giant come into his life. In a matter of days, these three characters introduce Chad to a dimension of life he never knew existed.

NEW FICTION FROM NURTURING FAITH