E n g l i s h • F r e n c h • P o r t u g u e s e • S p a n i s h

Science and design: A physicist’s perspective When science rejected God Ellen G. White and mental health God’s timing, God’s way An offering “without blemish”

Vo3 l u m e 2 0 REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES EAST-CENTRAL AFRICA DIVISION P.O. Box 00503, Nairobi, KENYA CONTENTS Hudson E. Kibuuka [email protected] Mulumba Tshimanga [email protected] EURO-AFRICA DIVISION ESSAYS Schosshaldenstrasse 17, 3006 Bern, SWITZERLAND 5 Science and design: A physicist’s perspective Roberto Badenas [email protected] “The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but the things that are Corrado Cozzi [email protected] revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the EURO-ASIA DIVISION words of this law” Deuteronomy 29:29, (ESV)* Krasnoyarskaya Street 3, 107589 Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION by Gary Burdick Branislav Mirilov [email protected] Peter Sirotkin [email protected] 8 When science rejected God INTER-AMERICAN DIVISION As presently practiced, science is the odd combination of the study of P.O. Box 830518, Miami, FL 33283-0518, U.S.A. nature and a secular philosophy that excludes God! This is not an open Moisés Velázquez [email protected] Bernardo Rodríguez [email protected] search for truth. by Ariel A. Roth NORTH AMERICAN DIVISION 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, MD Ellen G. White and mental health 20904-6600, U.S.A. 11 Larry Blackmer [email protected] In a postmodern world that questions the relevancy of truth, how does a James Black [email protected] Gary Councell [email protected] Christian affirm that truth indeed is? by Merlin D. Burt NORTHERN ASIA-PACIFIC DIVISION P.O. Box 43, Goyang Ilsan 411-600, KOREA Chek Yat Phoon [email protected] Joshua Hee Shin [email protected] SOUTH AMERICAN DIVISION Caixa Postal 02600, 70279-970 Brasilia DF, BRAZIL Carlos Mesa [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Otimar Gonçalves [email protected] SOUTH PACIFIC DIVISION EDITORIAL FIRST PERSON Locked Bag 2014, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076, 3 Be a Daniel or Daniella! 23 God’s timing, God’s way AUSTRALIA by Lisa M. Beardsley by Patricia Jones Barry Hill [email protected] Gilbert Cangy [email protected] PROFILE LOGOS Fiaia Matainaho An offering “without blemish” SOUTHERN AFRICA-INDIAN 15 25 OCEAN DIVISION and Teatulohi Matainaho by Gerry D. Karst P.O. Box 4583 Rietvalleirand 0174, SOUTH by Lisa Beardsley AFRICA ACTION REPORT Ellah Kamwendo [email protected] 18 Silvia and Arturo Finis 27 In Britain: A conference for schol- Eugene Fransch [email protected] by Lorena Mayer ars seeking faith by Karen K. Abrahamson SOUTHERN ASIA DIVISION BOOKS Post Box 2, HCF, Hosur 653 110, Tamil Nadu, E. J. Waggoner: From the INDIA 20 Romanian College hosts EUD’s Nageshwara Rao gnageshwarrao@sud-adventist. Physician of Good News to the 28 Agent of Division Fourth International AMiCUS org congress Lionel Lyngdoh [email protected] by Woodrow Whidden by Cristina Neagu SOUTHERN ASIA-PACIFIC DIVISION Reviewed by Aecio E. Cairus P.O. Box 040, 4118 Silang Cavite, PHILIPPINES Science Discovers God: 32 INDEX Mike Lekic [email protected] 21 Volumes 16-20 Jobbie Yabut [email protected] Seven Convincing Lines of Evidence for His Existence TRANS-EUROPEAN DIVISION by Ariel A. Roth 119 St. Peter’s St., St. Albans, Herts, AL13EY, ENGLAND Reviewed by David Cowles Daniel Duda [email protected] 20 Questions God Wants to Ask Paul Tompkins [email protected] 22 You: Life-Changing Encounters WESTERN AFRICA DIVISION With the Divine 22 Boite Postale 1764, Abidjan 22, IVORY COAST By Troy Fitzgerald Chiemela Ikonne [email protected] Emanuel Nlo Nlo [email protected] Reviewed by Younis S. Masih

2 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 EDITORIAL This international journal of faith, Be a Daniel or Daniella! thought, and action is published three times a year in four parallel editions (English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish) by the In his book 70 Years of Miracles, Richard H. Harvey writes about a chemistry Committee on Adventist Ministry to College professor. Professor Lee was a deist who for many years attacked prayer. After lec- and University Students (AMiCUS) of turing about the power of the laws of nature and what he perceived as lack of evi- the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. dence for believing that God intervenes in human affairs, Dr. Lee would proceed Volume 20, Number 3 to tell the students that he was going to drop a test tube to the floor. He chal- Copyright © 2009 by the AMiCUS lenged any student to pray that the glass tube would not break. One day a student Committee. All rights reserved. stood up and offered to pray; the professor was caught off guard. No one had ever Dialogue affirms the fundamental beliefs of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and dared him before! supports its mission. The views published in Our young people in secular schools and universities are daily exposed to situ- this journal, however, are the independent ations similar to Harvey’s story. Ridicule, unbelief, and open challenge to one’s thoughts of the authors. faith often constitute the scene believing students face in secular campuses. Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Lisa M. Beardsley But that is not unusual. We can go back to the time of Daniel. He and his Editor John M. Fowler friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah were taken captive to Babylon. The first Associate Editor Gary R. Councell Managing Editor Susana Schulz challenge they had to face concerned their faith and lifestyle (Daniel 1:3-21). Copy Editor Beverly Rumble Their names were changed. They were to fall in line with Babylonian customs, International Editions Susana Schulz International Copy Editors eat the food of the king, and partake of the king’s lifestyle. But they chose not Monique Lemay (French) to. They were given the best education Babylon could offer. They learned in that Guilherme Silva (Portuguese) atmosphere, but when the best of Babylon was in conflict with their beliefs, they Susana Schulz (Spanish) refused it. They defied the empire, and they prevailed. Editorial Correspondence Dialogue Today we have many Daniels studying in secular institutions, and they face a 12501 Old Columbia Pike hostile world. My son chose to study law, and thousands of others seek a profes- Silver Spring, MD 20904-6600 U.S.A. Telephone 301-680-5073 sion of their choice and find those professions unavailable in Adventist institu- Fax 301-622-9627 tions. They find themselves in public universities and often confront a challenge E-mail [email protected] to their faith. Such challenges, instead of weakening their faith, can lead them to AMiCUS Committee Chair Ella S. Simmons stand up like Daniel and his friends and share their faith with their teachers and Vice Chairs Gary R. Councell, C. Garland fellow students. Dulan, Baraka G. Muganda Secretary Lisa M. Beardsley In this issue, you will read of courage and conviction, faith and mission that Members Lyndelle Chiomenti, Gary ought to characterize Adventist students in secular Councell, John M. Fowler, Clifford campuses. Read Ariel Roth’s analysis on science’s Goldstein, Linda Koh, Kathleen Kuntaraf, Dionne Parker, Gerhard Pfandl, Roy Ryan claim that religion is not to be trusted, and find out Circulation Inquiries should be how you can meet its attempt to “demonstrate its addressed to the regional representative superiority over religious beliefs.” Take a look at the located in the area where the reader resides. See names and addresses on page 2. fresh perspective physicist Gary Burdick provides Subscriptions US $13 per year (three about a believer standing tall in a world of science. issues, airmail). See order form on page 6 Don’t fail to read the heart-warming testimony of for details. Web site http://dialogue.adventist.org Pat Jones that however rough and uncertain the road may be, one is not alone when one walks with Dialogue has received correspondence from readers God. in 118 countries around the world. The world has always been there – from Babylon

Continued on page 4

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 3 LETTERS “There is much for all to learn, and there cannot be invented a bet- Shalom, dear brothers of the editorial team! ter use for brain, bone, and muscle than to accept the wisdom of God I am very happy to have discovered Dialogue. I have almost finished my studies and have just finished read- in doing good… Youth may be useful to others, making their labors ing a copy given to me by a friend. Congratulations to the editorial team lighter, soothing the sorrowing, lifting up the discouraged, speaking for their articles and in-depth studies on progress, health, prayer, spiritual words of comfort to the hopeless, turning the minds from fun and frol- development, and so much more…. They are an inexhaustible supply of ic which often carries them beyond dignity of manhood and woman- ideas that I use for my presentations on drug addiction, sexuality, whole- hood to shame and disgrace. The Lord would have the mind elevated, some nutrition, and other current top- ics. I’m really enthusiastic about shar- seeking higher, nobler channels of usefulness.” ing what I learn from reading Dialogue and passing on my experiences to – Ellen G. White, Selected Messages, Vol. 2, page 323, 324 everyone I meet. Gomge Lionel (Review & Herald Publ. Assn., 1958) Yaoundé, Cameroun [email protected]

Thank you I would like to thank you for the care that you are showing. I get really Editorial happy every time I receive an issue Continued from page 3 because it has been helping in my spiritual journey. May God keeping blessing each one of you at Dialogue! to Rome to today’s temples of secular learning. In that real world, modern Daniels Lilian and Daniellas are called to live, work, worship, and witness. Wherever you are, R. Tiradentes 159 Condeúna, grab every challenge and turn it into an opportunity to affirm and enrich your 46200-000 - Bahía, Brazil faith. The church, too, must not lag behind in engaging our scholars and profes- sionals and providing them a safe place for meaningful dialogue and growth. As the radio commentator Paul Harvey used to say, “And now the rest of the story,” here’s rest of the story Richard Harvey tells in his book. Startled, Lee dropped the test tube onto his foot. It rolled off the tip of his shoe and then on to Write to us! the floor, but it did not break. The class applauded the boldness of the student, We welcome your comments, reactions and from that moment on, Dr. Lee stopped lecturing against prayer. Call it what and questions, but please limit your letters to 200 words. Write to: you want: an answer to prayer? a pure coincidence? I choose to believe in a God who still stands with Daniels today. Dialogue Letters 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, MD 20904-6600 U.S.A.

Fax 301-622-9627 E-mail [email protected] Mario E. Ceballos, D.Min. BCC Letters selected for publication may be edited Associate Director, Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries for clarity and/or space. [email protected]

4 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Science and design: hypothesized that carbon must have A physicist’s perspective an excited state at a resonant energy related to the sum of energies of the by Gary Burdick such proposals as Quantum Loop unstable beryllium and helium. This Gravity, String Theory, and M-Theory. resonance would enhance the creation “The secret things belong This quest is sufficiently profound of carbon in stars. Physicists were that many of its practitioners cannot skeptical of Hoyle’s idea, since he was to the Lord our God, but help but use theological language in not a nuclear physicist. Nonetheless, the things that are revealed its description. Some have called it the they looked for, and discovered, the belong to us and to our quest for the Holy Grail of science. excited state at exactly the energy Stephen Hawking talks about this as Hoyle predicted. This discovery of the children forever, that we a search to know “the mind of God.”1 “carbon resonance” provided an expla- may do all the words of Although the “God” Hawking refers nation for how carbon is formed. this law.” Deuteronomy to is merely one small facet of the God Shortly thereafter, an “oxygen reso- we know from the Bible, this does nance” was discovered. Without this 29:29 (ESV)* acknowledge that a complete theory resonance, no oxygen could form. But would not preclude theistic belief. if the resonance was too close, colli- Science does an excellent job of Extensive summaries of the cur- sions of helium with carbon would describing and explaining natural rent state of the quest for a complete quickly transform virtually all of the phenomena in the world around us. theory have been written.2 Rather than carbon into oxygen, leaving no car- Scientists, however, are not content attempt another summary, I will exam- bon. Thus, not only must there be an with merely describing phenomena. ine just one piece of the puzzle and “oxygen resonance,” but it must also They strive to understand the underly- consider its theological implications. be detuned by the correct amount to ing structure, the fundamental laws of provide the appropriate ratio of carbon nature that determine these phenom- Elemental abundances to oxygen. ena. It is at this deeper level of expla- Physicists have long wondered why By 1960, the mechanistic details of nation that conflict may arise between Earth has just the right proportions of stellar nucleosynthesis had been clearly science and theology because science, carbon, oxygen, and other elements demonstrated. Nuclear physics could as generally practiced, attempts to use necessary for life. Sixty years ago, they now account for the existence and exclusively naturalistic language in its understood how the sun and other abundances of the elements, including explanations. stars fuse hydrogen into helium, but the carbon and oxygen essential for As science develops more complete there seemed to be no mechanism for life. Since physics had filled this gap, naturalistic explanations to describe making heavier elements. When two it would seem that any argument for the universe, it may appear that there helium atoms collide, they form an “design” in the elemental composi- is less room for God in the picture. extremely unstable form of beryllium, And if science ever discovers a “com- which immediately3 separates back plete” theory, it could be presumed into two helium atoms. Three helium that it would describe a universe with- atoms need to bond to create carbon, out God. I am confident, however, but the chance of a third helium atom Let’s talk! that this conclusion is neither neces- colliding with the beryllium before it Do you want to send a comment or a sary nor valid. Drawing upon examples separates was shown to be far too small question to Pastor Jan Paulsen, president from physics, my purpose is to show to allow formation of the carbon we of the Seventh-day Adventist Church? You that in developing a more complete observe. can do it through: picture of the universe, scientists are At that time, this was seen by some led to greater evidences for God and as convincing evidence for “scientific www.letstalk.adventist.org His design. creation.” Science could not explain Increasingly over the past few the carbon and oxygen on Earth. Thus The Web site’s goal is to foster commu- decades, tremendous effort and it was argued that these elements could nication between young Adventists around resources have been expended to only be here in the correct proportions the world and the office of the General find an ultimate theory of physics. because that was the way God created Conference president. You’ll also find useful These attempts have names such as them. However, the story doesn’t stop links and a searchable database of ques- tions and answers on many topics at the the “Grand Unified Theory,” or the here. same site. Check it out! “Theory of Everything,” and include In 1953, the astronomer Fred Hoyle

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 5 tion of the universe had been refuted. create the resonances necessary for the breaks down. If those anomalies are However, Hoyle, who had considered mechanism to work. not readily explainable by the scien- himself an atheist, reacted otherwise: We now know that if the Strong tific theories, then this may provide “From 1953 onward, Willy Fowler Nuclear Force was 0.5 per cent stron- evidence that there was a designer at and I have always been intrigued by ger than its actual value, there would work. These design arguments were the remarkable relation of the 7.65 be virtually no carbon in the universe. developed by William Paley in the Mev energy level in the nucleus of 12C And if the Strong Nuclear Force was 19th century. In his watch analogy, to the 7.12 Mev level in 16O. If you 0.5 per cent weaker, there would be Paley imagined crossing a heath, find- wanted to produce carbon and oxygen virtually no oxygen.5 The necessity ing a watch laying on the ground, and in roughly equal quantities by stellar of the carbon and oxygen resonances inquiring how it got to be there: “The nucleosynthesis, these are the two lev- similarly constrains the strength of the inference [is] that the watch must have els you would have to fix, and your fix- Electro-Magnetic force, the Strong had a maker; that there must have ing would have to be just where these Nuclear Force interaction distance, the existed, at some time and at some levels are actually found to be. Another masses of the protons and neutrons, place or other, an artificer or artificers put-up job? Following the above argu- and the Planck constant.6 As Hoyle who formed it for the purpose which ment, I am inclined to think so. A discovered, the question of why the we find it actually to answer; who common-sense interpretation of the fundamental constants and laws are comprehended its construction, and facts suggests that a superintellect has tuned exactly right is much more dif- designed its use.”7 Paley saw the struc- monkeyed with physics, as well as with ficult to answer without recourse to a ture of the universe as being far more chemistry and biology, and that there Designer than was the original ques- complex than a watch, concluding that are no blind forces worth speaking tion of why the universe has exactly the universe must have been designed. about in nature.”4 the right abundances of the elements Arguments from design may pro- Clearly, Hoyle was not looking at necessary for life. vide strong support for the existence the mechanistic details when he called Many in the Intelligent Design of a Creator-Designer. However, as the universe a “put-up job.” Rather, he movement look for things that science science advances and more previously was looking at the fundamental laws cannot explain. That is, they examine unexplained phenomena are explained of physics that had to be fine-tuned to places where the scientific explanation by science, gaps are closed, and God seemingly has fewer places to act in the world. This leads to a perception that God is invoked merely as a “stop- Subscribe gap” measure to explain what science to Dialogue has not as yet explained. This is the argument given by Richard Dawkins So you want to be a thinker, not merely a reflector of other people’s thought? Dialogue in his book The Blind Watchmaker.8 will continue to challenge you to think critically, as a Christian. Stay in touch with the best But the fallacy of this argument can of Adventist thought and action around the world. Get into Dialogue. be seen in the carbon resonance prob- One-year subscription (3 issues, air mail): US $13.00 Back issues: US $4.00 each lem. The answer that closed the “gap” needs itself to be explained. Basically, I’d like to subscribe to Dialogue in ❏ English ❏ French ❏ Portuguese ❏ Spanish Dawkins tells Paley to just continue Issues Begin my subscription with the next issue. walking, and he will come to an entire I’d like to receive these back issues: Vol. ___, No. ___. automated watch-making factory Payment I’m enclosing an international check or money order. blindly producing watches. This, My MasterCard or VISA # is______according to Dawkins, fully explains Expiration Date______how the watch came to be there. What Please Print Dawkins fails to realize is that the exis- Name ______tence of an automated watch-making Address ______factory is far more difficult to explain ______without recourse to a Designer than was the watch in the first place.9 Mail to Dialogue Subscriptions, Linda Torske There are many more recent exam- 12501 Old Columbia Pike; Silver Spring, MD 20904-6600; U.S.A. ples that could be given. Physicists Fax 301-622-9627 commonly find that when they dis- E-mail [email protected] cover a mechanism to explain a previ-

6 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 ously-unexplained phenomenon, they cipline to search for a more complete His research interests relate to do so by invoking laws or principles picture of the universe, they realize theoretical and experimental optical of physics that are more fundamental, their limitations, recognizing that even spectroscopy. His e-mail address is that are themselves in need of further their explanations reveal an underlying [email protected] and Web explanation. As physicist Stephen order that is still inexplicable. Thus, page is www.andrews.edu/cas/phys- Barr states: “In every case where sci- the physicist is constrained by his dis- ics/faculty/burdick_gary.html. ence explains order, it does so, in cipline to be humble. the final analysis, by appealing to a Theologians are similarly con- greater, more impressive, and more strained by their discipline to be *English Standard Version comprehensive underlying orderliness. humble. The Bible provides a reli- And that is why, ultimately, scientific able and trustworthy account of how REFERENCES explanations do not allow us to escape God has interacted with humankind 1. Stephen W. Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes (New York: from the Design Argument: for when throughout history and provides all Bantam, 1988). the scientist has done his job there is that is needful for salvation. But that 2. See, for examples Roger Penrose, The Road to not less order to explain but more. does not mean all questions regarding Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe (New York: Knopf, 2005), or Brian The universe looks far more orderly the nature of God are answered. There Greene, The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, to us now than it did to the ancients is always something more for the theo- and the Texture of Reality (New York: Knopf, 2004). who appealed to that order as proof of logian to learn about God. “‘For my 8 10 3. To be specific, the lifetime of Be is about a God’s existence.” thoughts are not your thoughts, nei- tenth of a femtosecond (10-16 s). Thus, the closer we get to discover- ther are your ways my ways,’ declares 4. Fred Hoyle, “The Universe: Past and Present Reflections,” Annual Review of Astronomy and ing a complete theory of physics, the the LORD. ‘For as the heavens are Astrophysics, Vol. 20 (1982), pp. 1-35. more clearly we can see the underlying higher than the earth, so are my 5. H. Oberhummer, A. Canto, and H. Schiotti, design of the universe. Astrophysicist ways higher than your ways and my “Stellar Production Rates of Carbon and Its Abundance in the Universe,” Science 289 (July Paul Davies came to a similar conclu- thoughts than your thoughts’” (Isaiah 7, 2000), pp. 88-90. sion: “The temptation to believe that 55:8, 9, ESV). 6. B. L. Cohen, “Understanding the Fine Tuning the Universe is the product of some The theologian’s striving for a com- in Our Universe, The Physics Teacher 46, 285- 289 (May 2008), pp. 285-289. sort of design, a manifestation of sub- plete picture of the unapproachable 7. William Paley, Paley’s Natural Theology, F. Le tle aesthetic and mathematical judg- and transcendent God also requires Gros Clark, ed. (SPCK, 1890), p. 11, quoted ment, is overwhelming. The belief that humility. Thus, both physicist and in Phil Dowe, Galileo, Darwin, and Hawking: The Interplay of Science, Reason, and Religion there is ‘something behind it all’ is one theologian “see through a glass, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2005), p. that I personally share with, I suspect, darkly.” We both see enough to have 110. a majority of physicists.”11 certain knowledge regarding what 8. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Physics has had tremendous suc- God has revealed about Himself and Without Design (New York: W. W. Norton, cess in understanding the mechanistic His creation. However, the picture is 1996). 9. I am indebted to Stephen M. Barr, Modern details of how all the elements are still but a shadow of the reality. We Physics and Ancient Faith (South Bend, Indiana: formed. But when it comes to the look forward to the time when we will University of Notre Dame Press, 2002) for this question of understanding why the clearly see a more complete picture illustration. 10. Ibid., p. 79. laws of physics are set just right to and join our disciplinary perspectives, 11. Paul C. W. Davies, “The Christian Perspective allow these mechanisms to work, many for to learn about God’s creation is of a Scientist,” review of John Polkinghorne, physicists acknowledge that there is also to learn about God. “For now we “The Way the World Is,” New Scientist, 98:1354 (June 2, 1983), pp. 638-639. an appearance of overt design in the see through a glass, darkly; but then 12. Frank M. Hasel, “How to Deal With Open universe. face to face: now I know in part; but Questions: Facing the Challenges Between then shall I know even as also I am Faith and Science,” Ministry, (July 2007), pp. Conclusion known” (1 Corinthians 13:12, KJV). 21-23. Frank Hasel makes the point that “in science as well as in theology, humility is one of the rarest, yet most Gary W. Burdick, Ph.D. (The important, characteristics and presup- University of Texas at Austin) is pro- positions of those engaged in the study fessor of physics and assistant dean of both.”12 Physics provides power- for graduate programs, College ful tools to understand the intricate of Arts and Sciences, Andrews details of God’s creation. However, as University, Berrien Springs, Michigan. physicists push the edges of their dis-

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 7 When science rejected God by Ariel A. Roth He described how the church fathers flat-earth theory as a “terror among assailed Columbus at the famed meet- sailors [and] was one of the main As presently practiced, ing at Salamanca. Irving argued that obstacles in the great voyage of church leaders provided Columbus Columbus.”4 In referring to this, the science is the odd with a long list of authorities who historian Jeffrey Burton Russell points combination of the study validated the flatness of the earth. out: “The curious result is that White of nature and a secular However, this account should not be and his colleagues ended by doing taken seriously; it has been evaluated what they accused the [church] fathers philosophy that excludes as fictitious. History notes that at the of, namely, creating a body of false God! This is not an open Salamanca meeting, concerns were knowledge by consulting one another search for truth. expressed about Columbus having to instead of the evidence.”5 travel too far, but nothing was said Many other authors have also con- about the flatness of the earth. tributed to the spread of the false When Christopher Columbus set The person most responsible for the notion that Christianity introduced out sailing west in 1492, he hoped to spread of the flat-earth fallacy is likely the flat-earth concept during and prior eventually reach the shores of India John Draper, a research scientist and to the Middle Ages. Such false assump- in the East. His plan was based on his physician who became president of tions spread widely to textbooks and conviction that the earth was a sphere, the medical school at the University of encyclopedias. Fortunately, there are and so a ship sailing west should surely the City of New York. His father was indications of rectification as knowl- eventually find itself on the eastern a Methodist minister, but he himself edge of the flat-earth fallacy became side of the globe. At a meeting in was strongly antireligious. When his better known. The cliché “flat earth” Salamanca, Spain, the church leaders sister’s son died at the age of eight, and still prevails and has become synony- argued against his ideas, warning that she placed his prayer book on Draper’s mous with ignorance, a deprecate past, the earth was flat and if he set out breakfast plate, Draper was so upset and erroneous religion. The legend west, he would not reach the west but that he ordered her out of the house. serves to assure skeptics that they are rather fall off the edge of a flat earth. She remained alienated from her fam- right and that religion is not to be Columbus sailed off west anyway, but ily, joining the Catholic Church that trusted. Such false accusations against instead of landing in India, he landed her brother despised.2 In 1873, Draper the church also became a convenient on the eastern shores of the Americas – published an enormously success- and powerful weapon to adulate sci- a serendipitous discovery that opened ful book titled History of the Conflict ence, demonstrating its superiority doors to the New World. Between Religion and Science.3 In the over religious beliefs. While the church Parts of this story are fabricated. It United States alone it had 50 printings has made many errors, the flat-earth is true that Columbus believed that in 50 years and was translated world- concept was not one of them. This the earth was a sphere and that if one wide. At that time, the controversy fallacy was generated at the time sci- sails west from Europe on open seas, a between science and the Bible was ence was liberating itself from religious spherical earth should eventually take fulminating. Darwin had recently pub- authority. one to the eastern part of the globe. lished The Origin of Species by Means However, the great fallacy of the leg- of Natural Selection, which strongly Religion and the pioneers end lies in the often-repeated story endorsed evolution. Against this back- of modern science that the church leaders of that time ground, Draper’s book used the flat- Almost all leading founders of asserted that the earth was flat and that earth fallacy to advocate the superiority modern science (Kepler, Galileo, they tried to prevent Columbus from of science over religion. While Draper Boyle, Newton, Pascal, and Linnaeus, undertaking a voyage that was headed recognized that some scholars in the to name a few) fervently believed in to a disastrous plunge at the ultimate Middle Ages believed the earth was God and the Bible. In their scientific edge of the earth. spherical, he falsely depicted church publications, they often spoke about The belief that during the Middle theologians as attacking Columbus at God and His activity in nature. They Ages, church leaders advocated a flat Salamanca for his belief in a spherical saw no conflict between God and their earth theory is a myth.1 Several writ- earth. study of nature because they believed ers were culprits in crafting the fallacy Subsequently, Andrew Dickson that God had created the laws of and attributing it to the church. In the White, president of Cornell University, nature that made science possible. early nineteenth century, the popular published A History of the Warfare of Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), one American writer Washington Irving Science with Theology in Christendom. of the greatest scientists of all time, freely combined history with fiction. In this work, White referred to the did more than any other to emanci-

8 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 pate science from speculation and the comments: “It is not that the methods by providing a suggestive mechanism low standard of authentication that and institutions of science somehow for evolution where God was not prevailed before his time. His semi- compel us to accept a material expla- involved. The book was at first viewed nal treatise Principia was lauded by nation of the phenomenal world, but, with considerable skepticism, but it the French scholar Laplace as being on the contrary that we are forced was not long before both theologians superior to all other productions of by our a priori adherence to mate- and scientists endorsed it. the human intellect. There Newton rial causes to create an apparatus of During the last half of the nine- comments: “This most beautiful sys- investigation and a set of concepts teenth century, scientists continued tem of the sun, planets, and comets, that produce material explanations, no to eliminate God from scientific could only proceed from the counsel matter how counterintuitive, no mat- interpretations. The general mood and dominion of an intelligent and ter how mystifying to the uninitiated. was away from spirituality, and stories powerful Being.”6 Newton was also Moreover, that materialism is absolute, like the flat-earth fallacy contributed deeply committed to the study of the for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in to the deprecation of religion. Science Bible, writing extensively about the the door.”8 For God, science has now became more powerful and prestigious prophecies of Daniel and Revelation. posted a “Do Not Enter” sign. Kansas as all kinds of marvelous discoveries Newton’s life clearly illustrates how State University biologist Scott Todd were reported, and it was not long well science and a strong belief in God comments in the prestigious journal before scientists started viewing their can work together. Nature: “Even if all data point to an discipline as superior to anything else. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), who intelligent designer, such an hypothesis Materialist explanations were provided worked in Prague, developed three is excluded from science because it is for nearly everything, and there was principles known as Kepler’s laws that not naturalistic.”9 At present, there is no longer any need for God. In fact, have survived almost intact to this day. an almost absolute exclusion of God the church had been so wrong in the Like the famous Italian astronomer from scientific textbooks and journals. past that its influence and its God Galileo (1564-1642), he saw a rigor- Unfortunately, such a closed attitude should be avoided. This view strongly ous relationship between God and prevents science from following the prevails to the present. Even the sug- the mathematics of nature, and like data of nature wherever it may lead. gestion that there might be some kind Newton he also wrote about the life Science cannot evaluate evidence for of intelligent designer for the extreme of Christ. His reverence for God can God as long as He is excluded from complexities of nature that science is be seen as he writes in a prayerful con- consideration. discovering, as advocated by the preva- text: “If I have been allured into brash- lent Intelligent Design movement, is ness by the wonderful beauty of thy When did science reject God? vigorously rejected by the leaders of works, or if I have loved my own glory The change was gradual. During the scientific community. Science has among men, while advancing in work the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- trapped itself into a secular prison that destined for thy glory, gently and mer- turies, as modern science developed restricts its ability to find all truth – an cifully pardon me: and finally, deign in the Western world, firm belief in erroneous position to take in case God graciously to cause that these demon- God and the Bible was very dominant exists! strations may lead to thy glory and to among scientists. This belief began to the salvation of souls, and nowhere be wane as materialism and the mistrust Rejecting God: an obstacle to that. Amen.”7 of religion grew. Philosophers and Problems for science skeptics such as Hume, Voltaire and If science had come up with some Science’s rejection of God Kant profoundly influenced human- plausible explanations for the deep In contrast to Kepler and Newton, ity’s outlook during the so-called questions about origins that we have, science today finds itself in a very “Enlightenment” period. Subsequently, one might more seriously consider its different intellectual matrix when when the nineteenth century came rejection of God. However, when we it comes to God. The new ethos is along, a few scientists started making look at nature, major features seem strongly materialistic (also called suggestions about evolution and long to require a very perceptive Designer. naturalistic or mechanistic) and has geologic ages, and these were in stark Examples include:10 (1) How did mat- no room for God in its explanatory opposition to the Genesis account of a ter ever get organized into extremely menu. To include Him is considered recent creation and the Flood, as well complicated and versatile atoms all by to be unscientific. Plainly stated: sci- as the Ten Commandments, where itself? These atoms can form all kinds ence has redefined itself and expelled God directly states that He completed of things from our brains to galaxies, God. Famed Harvard University creation in six days. Darwin’s Origin of and they can make light so we can biologist Richard Lewontin candidly Species added to the prevailing unrest see. (2) How did the four forces of

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 9 physics happen to have the extreme study of nature; there the scientist Christian must always strive, as God values, precision, and specific realm feels more comfortable than in study- would, toward a forgiving and redemp- of action exactly necessary in order ing a less scrutable God. However, tive perspective. for the universe to exist? (3) How did that argument loses its validity when even the simplest form of independent one considers how freely the scientific The verdict life, that is extremely complex, ever community indulges in really wild Science has redefined itself. As pres- get organized all by itself on a barren speculations, such as all kinds of uni- ently practiced, science is the odd earth? (4) How did features with inter- verses beyond the one we can observe, combination of the study of nature dependent parts, such as the intricate or organisms postulated to have lived and a secular philosophy that excludes auto-focus and auto-exposure systems many hundreds of millions of years God! This is not an open search for of the eye, ever get organized by ran- before scientists can find any of their truth, following the data of nature dom mutations? Mutations are almost fossils in the geologic layers. The fact wherever it may lead. Academic free- always detrimental or insignificant that science is so willing to speculate dom is compromised. Excluding God and cannot plan ahead so as to design about all kinds of imaginary things, has led to pervasive errors such as the complex organs. (5) The billions of but will not allow the suggestion general theory of evolution. Hopefully, years postulated for the slow evolu- of God in scientific interpretations, science will pay more credence to the tion of life forms on earth are way too implies a strong bias against God. recently discovered extreme complexity short for the improbabilities involved One likely reason why science rejects and precision of nature that indicates when evaluated both at the molecular God is the personal or communal a necessity for God. Science should level and with the slow rates of repro- pride of the scientist in a successful return to the openness it had when the duction of advanced organisms. (6) and autonomous scientific enterprise. pioneers of modern science allowed The fossil record reveals the sudden Another reason may be the personal God into scientific interpretations. appearance of major groups and not freedom that a meaningless universe a long, gradual evolutionary process. provides, where one is not responsible A few evolutionary intermediates that to God. In addition, there are socio- Ariel A. Roth (Ph.D., University of are similar to other organisms are logical reasons. At present scientists are Michigan) is the former director of sometimes suggested, but the problem under tremendous pressure to exclude the Geoscience Research Institute is with the origin of the major groups. God from science, especially because and editor of the journal Origins. (7) Science has not found plausible of the anti-God attitude of the leaders He has published more than 150 explanations in matter for the phe- of the scientific community. Current articles in scientific and general nomena of the mind such as our con- practice indicates that if scientists journals. Now retired, he continues sciousness, understanding, morality, include any suggestion of God in their to research, lecture, and write. E- appreciation of beauty, and the mean- interpretations, the scientific and aca- mail: [email protected]. ing of our existence. demic community is likely to reject Unfortunately for science’s secular them. Many scientists believe in God11 stance, it turns out that the complexi- but do not dare to publish about Him. REFERENCES ties and precision of a host of scientific One must keep in perspective that 1. For instance: S. J. Gould, “The Persistently Flat Earth,” Natural History 103(1994):12-19; J. B. discoveries have made the godless the scientific enterprise has done Russell, Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and mechanistic explanations much less much good, and that most scientists Modern Historians (New York: Praeger, 1991). tenable now than when science elimi- are honest persons providing us with 2. As reported in Russell, p. 37. 3. J. W. Draper, History of the Conflict Between nated God over a century ago. The fascinating new information and very Religion and Science, 5th ed. (New York: D. rejection of God by the scientific com- useful innovations. At the same time, Appleton, 1875). 4. A. D. White, A History of the Warfare of Science munity is probably its greatest philo- we should not forget that there is good with Theology in Christendom (New York: sophical error. science and there is bad science, and Dover Publications, Inc., 1896, 1960), vol. 1, we should seriously seek to distinguish p. 97. 5. Russell, p. 44. Why? between the two. 6. I. Newton, 1686, 1934. “Mathematical The extreme complexity of the There is a strong secular bias in sci- Principles of Natural Philosophy and His psychology and sociology of the scien- ence. However, the Bible believer must System of the World.” Translated into English by Andrew Motte in 1729, revised transla- tific community precludes definitive ever keep in mind that we all make tion by Florian Cajori. (Berkeley, Los Angeles: answers; however, there are pertinent mistakes and that a lot of mischief University of California Press) p. 544. suggestions as to why science now has been promoted under the banner rejects God. One can logically argue of Christianity and God. In the great that the scientist’s specialty is the struggle between science and God, the Continued on page 26

10 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Ellen G. White and mental health by Merlin D. Burt

Ellen G. White was one of the a quiet, peaceful spirit like Jesus.”1 In they are powerless. They may produce three principal founders of the order to understand her observations an outward correctness of behavior, Seventh-day Adventist Church. She on mental-health issues, it is necessary but they cannot change the heart; held a unique leadership role in the to understand her use of 19th-century they cannot purify the springs of life. emerging church: she had the gift language. For example, she used the There must be a power working from of prophecy. In her public ministry words “diseased imagination” to refer within, a new life from above, before of more than 70 years, she received to delusional thinking or emotional [men and women] can be changed hundreds of visions and dreams with imbalance and “despondency, which from sin to holiness.”3 messages ranging from personal coun- increases to despair” when speaking For Ellen White, there was a con- sel to issues pressing upon the newly- of depression.2 She also used the term vergence of psychology and theology. founded church – in such areas as “mind cure” to describe mental health The two must interplay and, when faith and doctrine, organization and issues. correctly integrated, provide the mission, health and education, etc. Ellen White’s understanding of most help for the human mind and Although she wrote prolifically and human nature was based on the bibli- emotions. For her the true source of with authority, she never understood cal view that human nature is inher- mental and emotional health was God her writings to be additional scrip- ently sinful and needs external help the loving Father, Jesus the “Great ture. Throughout her life and min- from God. To her, Jesus was the great Physician,” and the Holy Spirit the istry, she pointed to the Bible as the healer of the sin-damaged human “Counselor.” Christian’s rule of faith and practice. mind. “It is impossible for us, of our- Ellen White strongly advocated One of her major roles was to help selves,” she wrote, “to escape from a proper connection between the individuals and the church organiza- the pit in which we are sunken. Our physical, mental, and spiritual in the tion to understand and follow God’s hearts are evil, and we can not change human experience. “The spiritual life will. Though she had no formal men- them.” She then quoted Job 14:4 and is built up from the food given to the tal-health training, she often served Romans 8:7 to support this view. She mind; and if we eat the food provided as a spiritual counselor for people continued: “Education, culture, the in the Word of God, spiritual and who had various emotional and psy- exercise of the will, human effort, mental health will be the result.”4 chological needs. She touched the all have their proper sphere, but here True mental health was dependent lives of thousands of people and gave them new hope with a healthy spiri- tual, mental, and emotional focus. Her extensive writings demonstrate This article is based on a presentation made at the Symposium on sympathy for mental health issues. Christian Worldview and Mental Health: Seventh-day Adventist Among other material, she wrote Perspectives, held in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, August 28-September an important chapter titled “Mind Cure” in her book the The Ministry of 2, 2008. Healing. In 1977, the Ellen G. White The symposium brought leading Adventist scholars and mental health Estate published a two-volume com- professionals to explore mental-health issues from a Christian worldview, as pilation titled Mind, Character, and informed by the Seventh-day Adventist biblical perspective. Participants rep- Personality: Guidelines for Mental and resented a wide range of disciplines: history, sociology, theology, philosophy, Spiritual Health. This article will present briefly and mental-health practice, including psychotherapy, counseling, spirituality, Ellen White’s understanding of men- and Christian ministry. Presentations and the ensuing discussions focused on tal health, her personal and family the nature of mental health, psychopathology, mental-health interventions, experiences, and her role as a counsel- and models of education and clinical training derived from a biblical world- or on issues affecting mental health. view. The conference also undertook the revision of “Adventist Concepts of How White understood Psychology,” a statement voted by the church in 1977. The proceedings of mental health the symposium are expected to be published shortly. When Ellen White used the term – Lisa Beardsley “mental health,” she associated it with “mental clearness, calm nerves,

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 11 upon establishing a proper balance overwhelmed me, and . . . no ray of dant grace of God.”14 Her five-volume between the body and the mind. “We light pierced the gloom that encom- masterpiece series on the cosmic con- cannot afford to dwarf or cripple a passed me.”9 Her “feelings were very flict between Christ and Satan begins single function of the mind or body, sensitive” and at one point she feared and ends with this theme.15 Her most by overwork or abuse of any part of she would “lose” her “reason.” Ellen popular book, published in scores of the living machinery.”5 She used the White recollected that “sometimes languages with millions of copies, has phrase “physical and mental health” for a whole night” she would not dare as its first chapter “God’s Love for to show the link between the two: the to close her eyes but “kneel upon the Man.”16 physical and mental dimensions are floor, praying silently with a dumb Ellen White’s own visions and closely connected and require proper agony that cannot be described.”10 dreams confirmed her conviction balance and care. She believed that a Her pre-teen and early-teen years of a loving God and compassionate right environment, right actions, and were burdened by physical disability. Savior. An early personal dream that a proper diet facilitated mental health. She was severely injured through an occurred before her first prophetic She was also a strong advocate of the accident at about age 9. A broken vision brought her into the presence healing benefits of nature, a right atti- nose with other complicating dam- of Jesus, where she realized He knew tude, and acts of service for others.6 age caused equilibrium problems all her “inner thoughts and feelings.” and prevented her from continuing Yet, even with this knowledge He Personal experience her education. She also developed a “drew near with a smile,” laid His Ellen White’s philosophy on mental chronic pulmonary disorder that was hand on her head, and said, “Fear health, while informed by her study of diagnosed at the time as “dropsical not.”17 In an interview in the last year the Bible and her visions, was connect- consumption,” or in modern terms, of her life, Ellen White said, “I find ed to her own experience. Through “tuberculosis with complicating con- tears running down my cheeks when her long life, she was no stranger to gestive heart failure.” Her fears were I think of what the Lord is to His emotional pain and psychological exacerbated by the thought that she children, and when I contemplate His challenges. As a child she was intro- could bleed out at any time from an goodness, His mercy, [and] His ten- verted, shy, and emotionally sensitive. arterial rupture in her lungs.11 Her der compassion.”18 To this was added the complication physical and emotional trauma com- of a physical disability. During her bined with her introverted personality Mental health challenges in younger years, she experienced fearful- prevented her from seeking help. White’s family ness and hopelessness that brought Finally, at about age 15, she talked Besides her own emotional struggles about protracted periods of depression. with someone who helped her to bet- during childhood and at times dur- In addition to her personal struggles, ter understand the loving character ing adulthood, Ellen White faced her immediate family was touched of God. She pointed to her interview mental-health challenges within her with mental disability issues. with Levi Stockman, a Millerite family. Her second son, James Edson, Ellen White’s fundamental touch- Methodist minister, as providing her evidenced some of the characteris- stone for mental and emotional health with the most help. Stockman was tics of attention deficit/hyperactivity was an understanding of the lov- sympathetic to Ellen’s emotional pain disorder. Her niece, Louisa Walling, ing character of God. As a child she and even shared her tears. She wrote became so mentally unstable that she viewed God as a “stern tyrant com- that she “obtained” from Stockman was admitted to a mental facility. Out pelling men to a blind obedience.”7 “more knowledge on the subject of of concern for Louisa’s two children, When preachers would describe the God’s love and pitying tenderness, James and Ellen White brought them fires of an eternally burning hell, she than from all the sermons and exhor- into their home. Ellen White ended personalized the horror of that experi- tations to which I had ever listened.”12 up raising the girls, and they called ence. She wrote: “While listening to She specifically identified what helped her mother.19 Even James White suf- these terrible descriptions, my imagi- her most: “My views of the Father fered from a series of strokes during nation would be so wrought upon were changed. I now looked upon the 1860s and 1870s that altered his that the perspiration would start, Him as a kind and tender parent.… mental state and brought marital and it was difficult to suppress a cry My heart went out toward Him in a conflict. In 1879 Ellen White realized of anguish, for I seemed already to deep and fervent love.”13 The love of her husband did not “have sufficient feel the pains of perdition.”8 This led God became Ellen White’s favorite physical and mental health” to give her to doubt her acceptance by God theme throughout her life. She also counsel and advice.20 At one point she and caused periods of depression. believed that “Christ’s favorite theme wondered if he was a “sane man.”21 She recalled one occasion: “Despair was the paternal tenderness and abun- Ellen White’s personal experience,

12 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 combined with her visionary guid- your confidence in God and think testimony was a help to this woman ance, helped her to provide a unique that God is your enemy. We are err- who was driven almost to emotional ministry to individuals who also ing mortals.” As a complement to collapse. suffered with mental and emotional her spiritual and emotional related Alcohol addiction. In a letter to a brokenness. Her writings reveal a counsel, she urged this man to adopt troubled young man in England, consistent compassion for people who health reform and avoid stimulants. Ellen White recognized the effect of sometimes had serious life dysfunc- “Then,” she wrote, “can the brain alcohol addiction. Henri Frey worked tion. She engaged to a remarkable think more calmly, sleep will not be as a translator for the European mis- degree in close personal work with so uncertain.”22 sion in Basel, Switzerland. He had many such people. Emotional abuse. Ellen White a drinking problem. Because of his wrote several letters of counsel to actions, he was removed from his Ellen White as a counselor women who were either emotionally position as translator. He then wrote Throughout her life, Ellen White or physically controlled by their hus- Ellen White that he was being perse- addressed mental health and social bands. In December 1867, she visited cuted. She supported the decision of dysfunction issues. Her scope of the Washington, New Hampshire, the mission but personally appealed interaction with people was varied Seventh-day Adventist Church with to Frey. “I feel the tenderest feeling and diverse. Below are four examples her husband and J. N. Andrews. She of pity, and of love for your soul; but that show how she addressed serious first gave oral counsel and followed false words of sympathy…shall never mental health issues, such as obsessive up with a written “testimony” based be traced by my pen.” She cogently behavior, emotional abuse, alcohol on a vision she had received. She described his condition: “You find addiction, and sexual dysfunction. provided pointed counsel to Harriet your emotional nature untrue to Obsessive behavior. Ellen White’s Stowell. After the death of her first your best resolutions, untrue to your letter to “Brother Morrell” shows her husband, Harriet married Freeman solemn pledges. Nothing seems real. perception of his mental condition. S. Stowell, who was 12 years younger Your own inefficiencies lead you She described this man as having and was not practicing his faith.23 to doubt the sincerity of those who “large conscientiousness” and “small Ellen White’s words are clear and would do you good. The more you self-esteem.” It seems that Morrell explain the situation: “She [Harriet] struggle in doubt, the more unreal was obsessive and pathologically is beloved of God, but held in servile perfectionist about his conduct. He bondage, fearing, trembling, despond- felt guilty for the smallest perceived ing, doubting, very nervous. Now this mistake, to the point of mental insta- sister should not feel that she must bility. White wrote of this man’s yield her will to a godless youth who Dialogue condition thus: “Brother Morrell’s has less years upon his head than for you, free! nervous system is greatly affected herself. She should remember that her and he ponders over these things [his marriage does not destroy her indi- If you are a Seventh-day Adventist stu- perceived sins and failings], dwell- viduality. God has claims upon her dent attending a non-Adventist college or ing upon them. His imagination is higher than any earthly claim. Christ university, the church has a plan that will diseased.… The mind has suffered has bought her with His own blood, allow you to receive Dialogue free while beyond expression. Sleep was driven she is not her own. She fails to put her you remain a student. (Those who are no longer students can subscribe to Dialogue, from him.” She wrote directly: “I saw, entire trust in God, and submits to using the order form on page 6.) Contact Brother Morrell, you must cast away yield her convictions, her conscience the director of the Education Department your fears. Leave consequences with to an overbearing, tyrannical man, or the Youth Department in your union the Lord and let go. You try too hard fired up by Satan when his Satanic and request that you be placed in their to save yourself, to do some great majesty can make effectual to intimi- distribution network for the journal. Include thing yourself which will commend date the trembling, shrinking soul your full name, address, college or univer- you to God.…Jesus loves you, and if who has so many times been thrown sity you are attending, the degree you are you will consecrate yourself and all into agitation that her nervous system pursuing, and the name of the local church you have to Him, He will accept you is torn to pieces and she [is] nearly a of which you are a member. You may also and will be your Burden-bearer, your wreck.”24 write to our regional representatives at the addresses provided on page 2. If these never-failing Friend.… Believe Jesus Ellen White supported individual- communications fail to produce results, loves you and in your efforts to obey ity in marriage and rejected the idea contact us via e-mail: [email protected]. the truth, if you err, don’t feel that that a spouse must give up his or her org. you must worry and worry, give up personality and self-identity. This

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 13 everything looks to you, until it seems upon it, as you have done, as no great REFERENCES that there is no solid ground for you wrong?” After a lengthy direct and 1. Ellen G. White to D. T. Bourdeau, February 10, 1895, Letter 7, 1885, Ellen G. White anywhere. Your promises are nothing, sometimes painfully graphic descrip- Estate, Silver Spring, Maryland (EGWE); they are like ropes of sand, and you tion of his conduct, she appealed to see also Ellen G. White to D. T. Bourdeau, regard the words and works of those him: “You are a free moral agent. Letter 39, 1887, EGWE. Unless otherwise stated, all references below are from the writ- whom you should trust in the same If you will repent of your sins, and ings of Ellen G. White. unreal light.”25 be converted, the Lord will blot out 2. Testimonies for the Church (Mountain View, She continued by emphasizing the your transgressions and impute unto California: Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 1948) vol.1 p.305. power of the will in meeting emo- you His righteousness.… He will 3. Steps to Christ (Mountain View, California: tional dysfunction. “You may believe undertake your case, and angels will Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 1948), p. 18. and promise all things, but I would guard you. But you must resist the 4. “Search the Scriptures,” Review and Herald (March 22, 1906), p. 8. not give a straw for your promises devil. You must educate yourself to 5. “The Primal Cause of Intemperance,” Signs of or your faith until you put your will a different train of thought. Put no the Times (April 20), 1882, p. 181. 6. See Medical Ministry (Mountain View, over on the believing and doing side.” confidence in yourself. Never seek Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 1963), pp. 105-117. Her letter of counsel was interwoven the companionship of women or girls. 7. “Life Sketches” manuscript, p. 43, EGWE. with appeals for this young man to Keep away from them. Your moral 8. Life Sketches of Ellen G. White (Mountain View: Pacific Press, 1915), pp. 29, 30. see the help Jesus can give. “I tell you taste is so perverted, that you will 9. Ibid., 32. that you need not despair. You must ruin yourself and ruin many souls 10. James White and EGW, Life Sketches of James choose to believe, although nothing if you do not turn square about.… White and Ellen G. White (Battle Creek, Michigan: Seventh-day Adventists, 1880), seems true and real to you.” She con- Everlasting life is worth a life-long, pp. 152-154. cluded with words of hope. “A life of persevering, untiring effort.” 11. J. N. Loughborough, Rise and Progress of the usefulness is before you, if your will Finally she urged him to make Seventh-day Adventists with Tokens of God’s Hand in the Movement and a Brief Sketch of becomes God’s will.… Will you try himself accountable to “brethren who the Advent Cause from 1831 to 1844 (Battle Henri, will you now change square know this terrible chapter in your Creek: General Conference of Seventh-day about? You are the object of Christ’s experience.”27 Adventists, 1892), p. 92. 26 12. Life Sketches (1915 ed.), p. 37. love and intercession.” These four examples illustrate the 13. “Life Sketches” manuscript, p. 43, EGWE. Sexual dysfunction. Ellen White level of involvement Ellen White had 14. Christ’s Object Lessons (Washington, D.C.: often dealt with sensitive issues. In in the lives of many people who had Review and Herald Publ. Assn., 1941), p. 40; idem, Testimonies for the Church, vol. 1896, she wrote to a leading minis- emotional and mental-health difficul- 6, p. 55; idem, “The New Zealand Camp ter in South Africa. He was guilty ties. One of the remarkable charac- Meeting,” Review and Herald (June 6, 1893), pp. 354, 355. of sexually abusing young girls and teristics of her work is her consistent 15. Patriarch and Prophets (Mountain View: perhaps boys. This man had written optimism that people can recover, no Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 1958), pp. 33, 34; to Ellen White of his struggles but matter how broken they may be. Ellen The Great Controversy (Mountain View: Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 1939), p. 678. believed he was not guilty of adultery. White always pointed them to God as 16. Steps to Christ, pp. 9-16. She began her letter with a prayer: the great healer of mind and soul. 17. Life Sketches (1915), p. 35. “May the Lord help me to write you Ellen White was wholistic in her 18. EGW interview with C. C. Crisler (July 21, 1914), EGWE. the very words that will be for your approach to healing. She realized 19. See Merlin D. Burt, “Caroline True restoration and not for your destruc- that the mind was linked to the body Clough Family and Ellen White,” Ellen G. tion.” She then wrote most directly and that God intended humans to White Estate Branch Office, Loma Linda, California. to him: “I feel sorry, very sorry for have restored social relationships. For 20. The Judgment (Battle Creek: p. 29, 1879). you. Sin, my brother, is sin; it is the her, the most important connection 21. EGW to Lucinda Hall (May 16, 1876), transgression of the Law, and should was with a loving and holy heavenly Letter 66, 1876, EGWE. 22. EGW to “Brother Morrell” (December 28, I try to lessen the sin before you, I Father. 1867), Letter 20, 1867, EGWE. would not be doing you any good.… 23. Identities confirmed by 1850, 1860, and Your mind and heart are polluted else 1870 Federal Census records for Washington, NH; History of Washington, New Hampshire, all such actions would be loathsome.” Merlin D. Burt (Ph.D., Andrews From the First Settlement to the Present She described for this man the long- University) is director of the Time, 1768-1886 (Claremont: Claremont Manufacturing, 1886), pp. 535, 630. term effect of sexual abuse on chil- Center for Adventist Research, 24. Manuscript 2, 1868, EGWE. dren, including generational effect. Ellen G. White Estate Branch 25. EGW to Henri Frey (July 21, 1887), Letter She cited several cases and described Office, Andrews University, 49, 1887, EGWE. 26. Ibid. how psychological damage was often Berrien Springs, Michigan, U.S.A. 27. EGW to a Prominent Minister ( June 1, lifelong. “How can I present it in such E-mail: [email protected]. 1896), Letter 106a, 1896, EGWE. a manner that you will no longer look

14 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 PROFILE Fifaia Matainaho and Teatulohi Matainaho Dialogue with twin brothers – Adventist professional leaders in Papua New Guinea Interview by Lisa Beardsley

Fiaia and Lohi are twins. Born in the Mortlock Islands of Papua New Guinea, they grew up in the midst of beauty – the swaying palms, the never- ceasing waves of the sea beating the silvery sands of the beaches, the thrill of wading into low-tide waves to catch fish, and all other fun that goes with simple and undisturbed seaside village life. Their family, like the rest of the village, with a total population of 450, were ancestor worshipers, and knew little or nothing about Christianity. Their formal education began with a primary school in their lagooned vil- lage. After completing high school in Bougainville, the twins went to the mainland – overnight journey by boat – where they enrolled in university Fifaia Matainaho Teatulohi Matainaho education: Fifaia enrolled in Papua New Guinea (PNG) University of Technology, while Lohi joined the Adventist with a professorial appoint- completely. About a week later, I vis- medical school at the University of ment in a government (public) univer- ited the student again, and this time I Papua New Guinea. Today, both broth- sity in PNG. He focuses on researching borrowed The Great Controversy. I was ers have doctoral degrees and are new medicines from marine and forest impressed with its flowing narrative deeply immersed in the educational resources. of history and the detail portrayal of and developmental work of the island the origin of sin and its climactic end. nation. ■ Fifaia, your love of reading led you to Soon I found out that both the books Dr. Fifaia T. Matainaho currently the Adventist faith. How did that hap- were written by the same person, a serves as the director of develop- pen? woman with great insights. I was great- ment at Pacific Adventist University Fifaia: Once I happened to visit a ly touched by what I had read. and as an environmental and chemi- fellow university student who spoke My interest in Ellen White’s books cal engineering consultant to many my language. In his room I saw a book began to grow. My friend put me in government and professional organi- with an interesting title, Steps to Christ. touch with the Adventist Church, zations. Dr. Lohi T. Matainaho is the My passion for reading drove me to from where I could get more of her head of the pharmacology depart- borrow this book. That night I sat up books. Although some classmates told ment at the School of Medicine and and read the book right through. I was me that this author was weird and Health Sciences, University of Papua amazed at the style of writing and the Adventists held strange beliefs, I want- New Guinea. Presently he is the only content of the book. It took me over ed to personally know more about this

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 15 author. I used all my allowance to buy including the Adventist books. When When I attend professional confer- books, such as Education and Thoughts he asked me if I wanted to be bap- ences, I tell my colleagues right at the From the Mount of Blessing. Her way of tized, all I could say was, “If that’s the start that I will not attend the meet- writing caught my attention. way you people do things, that’s OK ings on Sabbath. My colleagues under- While reading The Great Controversy, by me.” That was it. I just walked into stand my position, and often they will two subjects interested me deeply: the the church. speak with the organizers for a sched- sanctuary and the Sabbath. I dug into ule change so that meetings don’t fall those two topics and bought more ■ You faced challenges because you on Saturday. books. I read George Vandeman and would not participate in the required Morris Venden and came to under- field work that was part of your engi- ■ What advice would you give Adventist stand righteousness by faith. I arranged neering course. students if they feel their faith is becom- to get Signs, The Record, and the Fifaia: We were required to do field ing weak or challenged in the course of Review and Herald. Before long, I was work in engineering (geology, hydrol- their studies? keeping the Sabbath. ogy, etc.) on Sabbath on a number Fifaia: Be involved! I was heavily of occasions, but I did not go. As a involved in church meetings and out- ■ None of your relatives belonged to any result, I lost marks and had to rely reach activities. I attended Bible stud- formal religion. How did they feel about on doing well in the exams. But in ies with fellow Adventist students and your newfound faith? one class, the field work was a major was active with the Adventist student Fifaia: When I went to visit my component. The entire class was to go association at the PNG University of home during Christmas of 1976, I together with the professor to deter- Technology. I found joy – real joy – in met up with my twin, Lohi, and a mine the velocity of a stream by means those activities. cousin who were also going home of stream gauging. I didn’t go because Sometimes I would miss out on for the holidays. While waiting in it was on Sabbath. The professor said: my own academic work in order to Bougainville for the boat, I explained “I’m sorry, I can’t help you. You’ll have participate in special church outreach to the two that I was going to church to figure out how to do it yourself.” I or Bible study programs because I felt on Saturday, and encouraged them had to study all the technical manu- I should take advantage of the special to come along. Like me before, they als and figure out how to operate the opportunity. I have been involved in knew only of ancestral worship, but instruments by myself. But stream- teaching Bible studies in church or at they agreed to accompany me to gauging cannot be done alone. One of home, and have helped lead others to church. the department technical staff saw my make a decision. But academic studies Arriving in our village, I told my predicament. He had at one time gone are also important and should not be family and others about Jesus and the to an Adventist church, so he offered neglected. Sabbath. Those on the island had no to drive me with the equipment to Make it a regular habit to read the religion with which to compare, and a stream on a Friday afternoon so I Bible. Turn to its pages when you have they simply accepted the Adventist could collect the data. An Adventist any problems. When I was preparing faith. The three of us weren’t even student at the university came and to defend my doctoral dissertation at Adventists yet, but we got everyone helped me handle the equipment and Vanderbilt University in the United together under the coconut trees to assist with data recording. I received States, I spent a lot of time reading worship and sing the gospel songs a passing grade for that course. God the Bible and received great comfort, that I had learned at the Adventist cares for His people when they are strength, and inner peace. I felt confi- Church. They continued to worship faithful to him. dent that even if something different that way under the coconut trees for happened than what I had wanted, many years. About eight years ago, an ■ Has Sabbath observance negatively God is in control. Adventist church was finally built on impacted your professional career? my island. Fifaia: Whenever I started a new job, ■ What about finding a life partner? the first thing I did was to notify my What was your experience and what ■ How did you come to the decision to supervisor that I am an Adventist and advice do you have in that area? join the Adventist Church? therefore will not work on Sabbath. If Fifaia: Be cautious about rushing Fifaia: After reading Ellen White’s efforts were made to force me to work into relationships. Be open-minded books, I sought out and worshiped in on Sabbath, I was determined to find rather than overly serious. I was vis- an Adventist church. The local pas- another job. I have always been forth- iting the University of PNG Port tor visited me in my room. He was right at the outset. My pay was lower, Morseby when I met a non-Adventist impressed with my book collection, but that didn’t bother me. who was active with the United

16 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Methodist Church and the Tertiary istration and her experience in the so excited that we told all our relatives Christian Fellowship. We became financial field. My wife became the when we got home. friends and wrote letters to each other. bursar and I took a one-year leave When I got back to the university I shared my faith with her through our from PNG University of Technology after holidays, I got a Bible, opened it, correspondence, without pushing her. and operated as a consultant. Later and read the first thing I saw. It was In the beginning I wrote about the I resigned from PNG University of Matthew 6:6. I couldn’t believe it! I fundamental, basic Christian beliefs Technology to join PAU to assist with suddenly remembered I had read those rather than about the specifics of what the strategic plan and to become their very same words when I was 10 or 12 Adventists believe. That came later. director of development. in a book in our house. I had never Then when we met face to face some heard of a Bible and didn’t know that’s time later, I was frank with her and ■ Why are you working in Papua New what the book was then. I opened told her that I was an Adventist and Guinea when you could earn far more in the book and read: “But thou, when I was concerned whether we should Australia, Europe, or North America? thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and become more serious. I did not want Fifaia: Tyco International, one of the when thou hast shut thy door, pray to get into something deeper without largest engineering companies, made to thy Father which is in secret; and consulting with her. She said that an offer for me to work anywhere thy Father which seeth in secret shall because of what I had been commu- in Canada or the U.S. But since I’m reward thee openly” (KJV). nicating about my faith in letters, she the only PNG national with a Ph.D. We didn’t have a door or a closet felt she could become an Adventist. It in environmental engineering, I felt in our palm-thatched dwelling, and turned out that her father’s sisters were obligated to work in PNG to help my I didn’t know what it meant to pray, Adventists, so she was open and will- people and my country. In addition to but I immediately sensed I should do ing to learn more about Adventists. It my current positions at the Adventist something. I got up and closed the led to Bible study, which I love doing university, I also serve as a consultant opening to our home and then sat very much. We studied the Bible in several PNG organizations, includ- inside waiting. I didn’t know how to together and then I went and told the ing the government. I chair several pray, but I felt I should wait inside. I pastor, “I think she’s ready for bap- technical committees and am involved sensed something then in my wait, but tism.” Eventually we got married. in environmental issues. These tasks didn’t know what or who it was. Until My advice to young people is: be give me a satisfaction and fulfillment. that day, I had not opened a Bible open with others. If you want to After all, life must not be defined in again. Now when I read the same text become more serious, look for the monetary terms alone. once more, I was convinced God was window of opportunity to share your talking to me and had already done so belief. It will open. Be steadfast in your ■ Thank you, Fifaia. Let me now ask back when I was a boy. It encouraged beliefs and assert yourself with respect your brother, Dr. Lohi Matainaho, a few me to continue reading the Bible, and to faith. questions. Tell us about your conversion, eventually make a decision for Him. Lohi. ■ Last year you resigned from your posi- Lohi: I was in the medical school ■ Tell us about your work at the School tion as the head of the Department of at the University of PNG. During the of Medicine and Health Sciences. How Civil Engineering at the PNG University Christmas break, as my brother has do you find expression for your faith? of Technology.Why? already mentioned, he not only told Lohi: I teach in the basic medical Fifaia: In mid-2006 I told my wife, me about the Sabbath but also its sciences, but most of my time is in Karo, that I would like to work for relationship to the concept of creation. research, exploring new medicines the church. I started correspond- The concept of a Creator immediately from forest and marine resources, and ing with the president of the South made sense to me. translating the molecules from the for- Pacific Division. In the meantime, the You see, our village elders told us est-bed and seabed to medicines for Vice-Chancellor of Pacific Adventist about big people with big feet who the sickbed. We, for example, dive and University (PAU) contacted my wife came a long time ago and created gather marine sponges or collect other who has an MBA and was working the atoll where we lived. Then they botanical specimens for development as a manager for Price-Waterhouse went away and no one had seen them as therapeutic compounds for the Coopers. The university was interested since. When Fifaia told me about the treatment of HIV/ AIDS, TB, malaria, in her to be the new bursar. We had Sabbath, it all made sense. There was cancer, and diabetes. I also study the already talked about being useful in a Creator and the Sabbath was the biochemical and pharmacological the church, and PAU was ideal with culmination of creation. He was the my background in university admin- one who created our islands. We were Continued on page 30

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 17 PROFILE Silvia and Arturo Finis Dialogue with an Adventist couple committed to international development Interview by Lorena Mayer

Silvia shared his passion and par - th eir fri en ds w e r e, an d m o ving t o ticipated in local activities with y oung an oth e r on e comp l etel y unkn o wn. people that prepared her for the S u ch m o v es ar e em oti onall y t o ugh on greater international a dv enture with chil dr en. B ut on ce in th e n ew p lace, it Artur o . She also studied at Riv er d oes n’t take l ong t o make n ew fri en ds Plate Univ ersity, where she obtained or t o communi ca te with th em. Ev en degrees in accounting and business acquiring a n ew language becom es a dministration. Later, she was part of easy. Ki ds ar e like sponges! Th ey the relief team that serv ed the victims absorb n ew things – fri en ds, cust oms, of Hurricane Mitch. language – qui ckl y. Together Silvia and Artur o hav e F r om the Ecua dorian An des to the spent nine y ears w orking with the ■ Silvia, your kids were very young des ert mountains of Taj ikistan an d Adv entist De v elopment and R elief when you were in Central Asia, and you s e veral other pla c es in between, Silvia Agency (ADRA) in Ecua dor, South stayed at home to loo k after them. What an d Artu r o Finis have s erved one g oal: America, and in the Central Asian were your personal challeng es during to a dvanc e the ca us e of interna ti onal countries of Tajikistan, Kazakhstan those times? de velopment, with a singula r motive and Az erbaijan. The y hav e tw o sons: Th e main chall enge was communi - of spr ea ding God’s ca r e an d love to Pablo, 8, and Nicolas, 6. ca ti on. Wh en w e arriv ed in Dushan be, thos e in need. Ta jikistan, w e di dn’t kn o w any w or ds Artu r o an d Silvia have many stori es ■ How does working on the interna - in Russ ian, an d I just co ul dn’t figur e to tell. Stori es of the fa raway lan ds tional sc ene enrich your lif e as a coup le o ut h o w t o sa y th e s imp l est of things. with vibrant cultu r es an d fas cina ting and as a f amily? English h elped a bit wh en w e w e r e in people. Stori es of the j oys an d chal - Artur o: Wor king a wa y fr om on e ’s Kazakhstan an d a l ot in Aze rbaij an, leng es of s ervi c e to God helping c om - h om e co untry has its chall enges an d an d tha t ce rtainl y changed things. muniti es meet thei r pa rti cula r needs. o p portuniti es. C ultural adapta ti on can Afte r tw o y ears in Central As ia, w e Stori es of how this s ervi c e has impa ct - be diffi cult. Wor king a wa y fr om h om e managed t o use som e Russ ian, en o ugh ed thei r life an d family. Soon after the y an d familiar surr o un dings is n ot easy. for survival. wer e ma rri ed in 1998, the y began an B ut th e r e ar e b l ess ings as w ell – th e In spite of language diffi culti es, I interna ti onal a dventu r e in humanita r- o p portunity t o spen d m or e tim e with was ab l e t o r ela te t o peo p l e. In a wa y, ian s ervi c e tha t took them fa r fr om each oth e r as a co u p l e an d as a famil y. y o u d on’t n eed language t o r ecognize thei r na tive Arg entina. As a famil y, w e ha v e enj oy ed exp l or - comm on affinity in an oth e r cultur e, While stu dying theology a t the River ing many n ew things, n ew lan dscapes, parti cular l y am ong w om en. I was Pla te University in Arg entina, an d n ew cultur es, n ew peo p l e, n ew wa ys of a ttracted t o th eir spirit of h ospitality. la ter interna ti onal de velopment with d oing things. A n ew envir onm ent is a In Dushan be, wh en Artur o r eturn ed An dr e ws University, U .S.A., Artu r o gr ea t l earning cente r. fr om his activiti es, w e used t o take felt he ha d been called to bec ome o ur ki ds t o a par k n ear our h om e an d involved in r eli ef an d de velopmental ■ Your children spent the first years of whil e th ey p la y ed, a lad y w o ul d com e opera ti ons. He was pa rt of va ri ous their lif e in a multicultural context. Was cl ose t o us an d try t o sa y som ething . r eli ef teams a c cr edited to work in it difficult for them to adap t? S ur e, w e ma y ha v e ap pear ed as strange crisis situa ti ons s uch as the terr or - Sil via: For o ur chil dr en, th e div e r - t o th em as th ey w e r e t o us, b ut th ey ist a tta cks in Buenos Ai r es in 1994, s ity becam e th e r o utin e; tha t was all ap pear ed t o be so genuin el y inte r ested local emerg enci es in Arg entina, an d th ey kn ew. Wha t was diffi cult for in us as a n ew famil y t o th e n eigh bor - Hu rri cane Mitch in Hon du ras in 1999. th em was l ea ving on e p lace, wh e r e h ood. Th ey kept us company, p la y ed

18 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 with the kids and would even walk begin their education. It was a joy to ADRA. When we begin with that with us to our home on the way back. see the children begin their schooling. trust in and commitment to God, And if by any chance we happened Our donors were so impressed by the whatever difficulties we face – electric- to run into them another day, they quality and the timeliness with which ity outages, water shortages, commu- would greet us as if we were their best the project was completed that they nication constraints, strange places to friends. were moved to finance other ADRA work – simply do not pose an insur- projects in the region. The satisfaction mountable problem. When the tough ■ Arturo, what were your main joys was immense. times get tougher, the only thing to do while working as ADRA director in is to believe and pray: “Lord, we need Ecuador? ■ As Seventh-day Adventist Christians, your help.” And the Lord does not for- Ecuador was my apprentice school. how does it feel to work in largely sake His own. I had done my ADRA internship in Muslim areas? One personal example. Soon after Lima, Peru, and had gained a lot of People are people, and need is need. we arrived in Dushanbe, our 2-year- experience, but in Ecuador, I was all When love motivates our service and old, Pablo, caught bronchitis and by myself in terms of responsibility, when we extend this service with that started coughing really badly. We and that was different. I was very as our basis, we are well received any- didn’t know any doctor in town, nor young and had to gain the respect of where. During all the years we spent did we have any acquaintances who the local authorities and other col- among Muslim people in different spoke English. Telephone lines were leagues. Ecuadorian people were very countries, we never faced disrespect or bad. The bronchitis was getting worse, supportive of our work. The lead- felt ill at ease. Likewise, we respected especially at night. One night we took ers of the Andean communities of their beliefs and traditions. When we Pablo in our arms and asked God to Guantubamba didn’t spare any effort were asked about our faith and belief, be the doctor. The next morning the to pave the way for one of our projects we would explain our stand in terms cough had gone and recovery started. there: a water distribution system that they would appreciate because they Soon he was playing as usual. would bring water to all the homes are also a people of faith. Our sole On another occasion, in Kazakhstan around that area. reason for being in those countries this time, we were travelling back was to serve their specific development from a project site up north near the ■ What about your experience as needs and put at their disposal all the border with Russia and Mongolia. ADRA director in Tajikistan? resources we could gather to meet There you can drive hundreds and Our experience in Tajikistan is the those needs. Of course, our motiva- hundreds of miles and not find a per- kind I like the most in international tion came from our strong desire to son. We had all sorts of problems on development! For example, we had a serve God wherever there was a need. the road, and we even had to sleep in building project that involved different And needs exist everywhere, regard- the van beside the road because the people. The Japanese were the main less of culture or religion. Respect brakes were not working and it wasn’t donors. The local Tajik people were begets respect, and love brings out possible to fix anything in the dark. the builders. My responsibility was to love. That’s a good thing to keep in When the morning came, the engine coordinate and plan the entire project. mind when we live and work among wouldn’t start. Again, we prayed. We The work involved the rebuilding of people whose faith, lifestyle, or culture were right in the middle of the desert a school destroyed during the recent may differ from ours. All are God’s near a deserted road. Eventually, the civil unrest in Tajikistan. The com- children. van started, and we managed to get to munity was in dire straits for not the next town by noon. We stopped having a place for their children to ■ What role does your own faith play to eat something and when we were study. Our donors were very generous, in the work you do, especially when you ready to drive again, the engine was and the Tajik people pooled all their live far away from places and people dead. We had parked the van right human resources to get the building familiar to you? next to a house that had a private ready on time. With everyone work- It is our love for God, our faith parking place inside. When the man ing together as a team, we were able commitment, and our love for people of the house saw our distress, he to complete the project on time and in need that drive us to be involved offered to keep our vehicle within his begin the school on time. At the open- in relief and developmental work. property and arrange for a taxi that ing ceremony, the Japanese ambas- Without that basic commitment that would take us home. We arrived home sador and his colleagues were present. God has called to do us the work we just before sunset, Friday. That was The local people were there. Above are doing, we cannot even begin to all, the children were back, ready to understand a global ministry such as Continued on page 30

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 19 BOOKS Whidden illuminates these strange events with both an in- depth biography and a penetrating analysis of Waggoner’s E. J. Waggoner: thought and tumultuous journey through truth and then From the Physician of Good theological deviations. News to the Agent of Division The section on Waggoner’s early years covers Ellet’s par- by Woodrow Whidden (Hagerstown, ents, his birth, infancy, youth, and education. The second Maryland: Review and Herald Publ. part, on the 1888 General Conference session, describes the Assn., 2008). formation of the theological crisis of the church, the work of Waggoner at the session and its aftermath, and his theo- Reviewed by Aecio E. Cairus logical thought at the time. The third part, the British years (1892-1903), describes the pernicious effects of Waggoner’s new theological orientations. Finally, we have the account of “The Years of Decline” (1904-1916). In spite of a lack of direct documents on the early years, Ellet J. Waggoner began his work as a medical mis- Whidden by persistent investigation was able to correct sionary and in his final years associated himself with Dr. biographical details such as the School of Medicine that John Harvey Kellogg in his divisive enterprise against the graduated Ellet, which was not Bellevue but Long Island, Adventist Church. Woodrow Whidden reminds us that this New York. Even in such well-trodden terrain as 1888, the is not the way in which we want to remember Waggoner. author’s theological analysis shows that, in spite of super- With his current work, Woodrow Whidden, the ficial similarities, the early Waggoner cannot be cited as a chair of Theology-History Department at the Adventist precedent for the “universal legal justification” position. International Institute of Advanced Studies, joins other Whidden’s analysis of the British years is particularly illumi- authors in the continuation of a Review and Herald series nating. While in 1888, Waggoner emphasized the objective on the shapers and movers of Adventist history. Previous action of salvation by God (what He did for us on Calvary), works in the series include studies on James White, Joseph in the 1890s he started to move in the direction of a subjec- Bates, W. W. Prescott, and John H. Kellogg. tive salvation (what God is accomplishing in us through His Waggoner’s most important healing performance was Spirit). In this way, human accomplishments – the fibers theological. Adventism in the late 1800s was ailing with of human devising that were brushed away from the robe the malady of legalism. When Adventists tried to shake the of Christ’s righteousness in 1888 – returned by the back Christian world free from the Sunday tradition, they took door under the guise of sanctification and perfection. By the side of the often-scorned Decalogue with such vigor the early 1900s, Waggoner was moving in the direction of a that they sounded Pharisaical. In 1888, Waggoner, editor of final perfect generation of Christians who would complete Signs of the Times, together with Alonzo T. Jones, helped to the work initiated by Christ at Calvary by showing the bring the church back to the New Testament emphasis on falsehood of the accusations of Satan. righteousness by faith. Ellen White’s support was a key fac- Waggoner and Jones inaugurated in the early 1890s a tor in this restoration – and key again later in helping the new way to speak of the human nature of Christ. While J. church to get over Arianism that denied Christ’s full divin- N. Andrews had carefully distinguished between our sinful ity. flesh and the mere likeness of a sinful flesh in Christ, specifi- After 1888, Waggoner helped Ellen White and A. T. cally denying any sinful propensity in Christ, the new way Jones on preaching tours that spread the message of righ- made no distinction in the sinfulness of our flesh or Christ’s teousness by faith among the rank and file of the church, flesh, for it held that He had our evil propensities. This including its ministers, in spite of entrenched opposition position forced Waggoner to explain the actual sinlessness from some church administrators. In 1892 Waggoner was of Christ through the virtues of His “miraculous birth.” sent to England as editor of the local church paper, and he Waggoner liked the sound of the phrase “Christ’s sinful became the first president of the South England Conference flesh” because he wanted to preach the same sinlessness in 10 years later. But then he requested a change of career and us, through the idea of a mystical reproduction of Christ’s became a theology teacher. experience. At this point, standard biographical information on Ellen White, who taught that sanctification is the work of Waggoner becomes puzzling. Against the counsel of White, a lifetime, warned Waggoner against this “alpha of decep- and in opposition to the church leadership, Waggoner took tion.” She had seen among Millerites around 1844, and up a teaching position in 1904 in Kellogg’s “Battle Creek later in Indiana, the effects of this “holy flesh” idea: it made College.” At the end of the following year, Waggoner’s wife one blind to the very real evidence of continuing sinful- divorced him for adultery and married another man. Dr. ness in our flesh. No wonder Waggoner, in spite of White’s

20 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 warnings, could not see the sinful side of the “spiritual observation of the extremely fine-tuned nature of physical affinity” he felt for a woman who was not his wife. He also constants throughout the universe that make the earth not fought for a concept of the church that had no place for only hospitable for life but also an ideal platform to learn of structures such as a president, which nicely suited Kellogg’s our ideal situation. Biological lines of evidence include the struggle against the General Conference at that time. extreme complexity of even the simplest living cells, the lack The work of Whidden, carefully done through years of of any credible mechanistic pathway for cells to form from research, will no doubt stand as a standard for future studies nonliving materials, and consciousness in the human mind. on the life of Waggoner and other figures of the past, espe- He gives good coverage to the recent controversy over irre- cially in its balance between theological analysis and careful ducible complexity and notes the implications that many biographical investigation. But more importantly, it may be biological systems must have been specifically designed. He expected to contribute to leading us away from theological discusses the immense challenge of the vast eons of time theories with pernicious effects. The author is to be com- that would be needed for the changes required to produce mended for this comprehensive approach to events in our life’s array of living things, and contrasts that with the lack history. of evidence for long time periods such as the Cambrian Explosion and paraconformities in the geologic column.

Aecio E. Cairus (Ph.D., Andrews University) is direc- tor of the M.Th./Ph.D. degree programs in religion at Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Philippines. E-mail: [email protected].

Science Discovers God: Seven Convincing Lines of Evidence for His Existence by Ariel A. Roth (Hagerstown, Maryland: Autumn House Publ., a division of Review & Herald Publ. Assn., 245 pages, 2008, hardcover).

Reviewed by David Cowles

Some sincere Christian scientists believe that our Christian faith should be kept strictly separate from our understanding of science and its implications for our world. I am not one of those. It is clear from reading Ariel Roth’s newest book, “Science Discovers God,” that he does not hold that philosophy either. Dr. Roth begins the book with a brief survey of several past outstanding scientists, especially Isaac Newton, who combined excellent science with a profound devotion to God. He contrasts those views with the present confron- tational approach in which any consideration of God is often excluded from scientific dialog by prior definition. He then proceeds to outline several major areas of modern scientific inquiry that, in the minds of many thoughtful people, have produced results which force reconsidera- tion of the question of whether God may be ubiquitously involved in nature. Lines of physical evidence include the scientific conclusion that the universe had a beginning,

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 21 He concludes with a discussion of the role of sociology might be His questions for us”? It is that pause, a deep and and prevailing scientific paradigms for influencing the way profound pause, that has led Troy Fitzgerald to reflect upon scientists think and do their work, and how the question of some great questions God wants to ask us. The result is God’s existence is viewed by science today. a beautiful, easy-to-read work challenging us to take seri- I enjoyed reading this book. Ariel Roth’s thoughtful ously God’s longing for conversation with us. After reading coverage of each topic begins with a basic introduction through the book, the reader is bound to agree with the to help the non-expert understand the issues involved, author: “Maybe the secret to a deeper walk with God lies in then proceeds to a succinct description of the evidence. our response to the questions God asks” (p. 11). Occasionally I encountered minor proofreading errors, Fitzgerald is a careful writer. With training in theology, such as faulty conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius (p. education, and leadership, he knows the needs of ordinary 52), or errors from oversimplification, such as completely Christians and confronts them with a God who is deeply omitting mRNA from the process of translation of DNA interested in human life, conduct, and destiny. His chosen into proteins (p. 83) or conflating processes which occur methodology in the book is experientially challenging and at different steps of meiosis (p. 105). In general, however, academically thought-provoking. He takes 20 questions from this book reflects a thoughtful commentary from an experi- both Old and New Testaments and lets the Word of God enced scientist on a topic of great importance to informed confront ordinary Christians with the demand and the grace people interested in the relation between faith and science. of biblical living. The questions – such as, “Where were you References to the scientific literature are abundant and when the heavens were made?” “What do you think I am?” include many recent references. One issue I would caution “Where is your brother?” “What is in your hand?” “Do you about is the idea that complexity requires intelligent design. love me?” – vary from the profound to the intimate. As he says in the book, being complicated and being com- Each question is discussed from a biblical and relational plex are two different things. Irreducible complexity implies standpoint, followed by a section for personal reflection and design, but one must be very careful about calling some- analysis, making the book a useful tool for both personal thing irreducibly complex when it is really just complicated. study and group discussions. The author’s careful use of Otherwise the excellent argument of irreducible complexity Hebrew and Greek words enhances the biblical basis of the is diluted by spurious examples, which seems to be happen- studies, and his liberal use of illustrations sustains readabil- ing in the literature. ity and interest. Through it all, Fitzgerald does not fail to In summary, this book is an excellent summary of current emphasize God’s desire for an intimate relationship with us scientific data implying God’s existence. It belongs in your as individuals. God’s compassion for sinners, His ultimate library. care for the depressed, and His willingness to do extraordi- nary acts of grace in the ordinary lives of people are clearly depicted. Each chapter challenges the readers to trust in God David Cowles (Ph.D., University of California, Santa despite the short-sighted, hard-headed and slow-hearted Barbara) is professor of biology at Walla Walla moments of trials and difficulties. One positive idea per- University in Washington state. meates the entire book: wholeness with Christ can only be E-mail: [email protected]. achieved by having the inexorable desire to be made whole. The author concludes his discussion with a remarkable statement: “God asks good questions that paint a picture of 20 Questions God Wants Him and His plan for us. But questions do more than por- to Ask You: Life-Changing tray Him to us – they present us with a real opportunity to Encounters With the Divine draw closer to Him as our Creator, Savior, and Friend” (p. by Troy Fitzgerald (Nampa, Idaho: 191). Pacific Press Publ. Assn., 2008; 191 pp.; The reader will not be disappointed in either knowing paperback). more about that opportunity or in sharing the blessings of that opportunity with fellow believers or with seekers after Reviewed by Younis S. Masih truth. A good resource for personal or group study.

Younis S. Masih (M.A., Adventist International Institute We often tend to put questions to God – about life, of Advanced Studies, Philippines) is a lecturer in bib- death, love, suffering, marriage, etc. – and this is a legiti- lical studies at Fulton College, Fiji Islands. E-mail: mate part of Christian living. But have we ever paused to [email protected]. consider that “more important than our questions for God

22 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 FIRST PERSON and peaceful centers of shopping in the British colony suddenly turned into unruly sites of political protests God’s timing, God’s way and demonstrations. Violence was an inevitable part of such scenes. by Patricia Jones That was also the time when our firstborn, a beautiful girl, was born at Tsuen Wan Adventist Hospital. Late “There is a time for marching down the aisle to get my one evening, after visiting me and the degree in nursing. No family member baby, John was driving home to the everything, and a season was present to witness the event. For college at Clear Water Bay, when he for every activity under five years I had not gone home, and passed a truck parked on the side of heaven.… He has made home was 5,000 miles away. But soon the road. The truck driver yelled out I would to make my own home, when into the darkness, “Puo-loh! Puo-loh!” everything beautiful in its I married John, a ministerial graduate As John processed the sounds that time” (Ecclesiastes 3:1, 11). I had met in college. Soon after, my registered in his ears, he remembered husband and I headed for the semi- that “puo-loh” is Cantonese for pine- nary – he to continue his theological apple, slang for handmade bombs education and I to work on a master’s placed in different areas of the city to I was just 14. A high-school student, degree in education (there was no create violence and chaos. He slowed, I lived a normal life, happy and con- graduate program in nursing then). stopped, and investigated the road tent, with a family of eight siblings on just in front of the car. Indeed, a live the beautiful island of Newfoundland, Becoming a missionary bomb lay waiting for impact. As he off the northeastern coast of Canada. A few months after John began his watched the police detonate the bomb One day, abruptly and without warn- ministerial internship, we accepted a couple of hours later, the evidence ing, my life was shaken by the sudden a call to serve as teachers in the Far of God’s intervention in saving his life death of my father. He was just 40. Eastern Division of the world church. was plain and powerful. Could there My eldest brother, age 17, became My dreams as a 14-year-old were now be any doubt that God was guiding advisor to our widowed mother. The beginning to unfold, one at a time, our lives for His purposes? future looked bleak and barren. all with God’s guidance and bless- John continued to study the My dream was to become a nurse. ing. Against all odds, I had become Chinese language with increased inter- Not just a nurse, but a nurse in a mis- a nurse, an educator, the wife of a est and even taught New Testament sion field in a faraway country where I Seventh-day Adventist pastor, and Greek to his ministerial students using might start a school of nursing or per- now a missionary. Together, my hus- Mandarin. Meanwhile, a second hos- haps an orphanage. Would my dream band and I began our first interna- pital was under construction in Hong ever come true? How could I pay for tional assignment as teachers at Hong Kong, this time on Victoria Island. my education? All I knew was to wait. Kong Adventist College. With two Adventist hospitals, there Wait upon God for an answer. The college was charged with the was clearly a need for a school of nurs- The waiting led to a deeper com- responsibility of preparing workers ing. The mission and union leaders mitment. Immediately after complet- for China. This mission was upper- asked me to take up that responsibil- ing high school, I was baptized in the most in everyone’s mind, and we ity. The task was not mine, but God’s. gentle waves of the ocean not far from began our preparation by taking up Sure enough, an Adventist nursing home. A year later, I left the island to language study – Mandarin, the lan- training program took shape. By the study nursing in an Adventist college guage common in China, even though time we left Hong Kong five years on the mainland of Canada, and soon Cantonese was the predominant dia- later, the second class of students had transferred to a college in the United lect in Hong Kong. graduated from Hong Kong Adventist States where I could earn a bachelor But China itself was going through Hospital School of Nursing. of science degree in nursing. The jour- tremendous political and social unrest ney to the first degree was filled with as the Cultural Revolution swept over Graduate study financial and other challenges, but the country. The mid-1960s were At the end of our first term as mis- God had already prepared the way. uncertain times. The unrest and vio- sionaries, as we were planning to One step at a time, I experienced lence on the mainland spilled over return to the U.S., the Far Eastern His leading, and before long I was into Hong Kong. Streets of commerce Division placed a fresh challenge

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 23 before us: take further graduate study found us in the Philippines, where We returned to the United States and return to start graduate programs we joined the growing community of and joined the faculty of Loma Linda for the church in Asia. We loved Asia the Far Eastern Division Theological University. The SRRSH project and its people. Where there are bonds Seminary and Graduate School locat- moved steadily forward and soon there of love, every challenge becomes God’s ed on the new campus of Philippine was a need for nurse leaders to go opportunity. Union College in Silang, Cavite. to China to work alongside Chinese Graduate study was eventful, with These programs attracted bright stu- nurses when the hospital opened. both of us enrolled fulltime in doc- dents from across the vast territories A graduate student in the school of toral programs. Changes in financial and rich cultures of that region and nursing decided to go when she fin- support and the birth of our second from even as far away as Africa. To ished her program. She was the right daughter added new and special serve and live there was like being in person for the challenge, modeling challenges. The markers on the road a little United Nations. not only professional nursing but also to the future were not clear all at There, the next challenge presented God’s love. More than one of the once, but I knew God would reveal itself to me: the need for a graduate nurses at SRRSH became interested in them one at a time. Sufficient is His program in nursing to prepare faculty Christianity. grace and strength for the challenge and leaders for the many Adventist The global ministry of Loma of the moment. We completed our healthcare institutions and schools Linda University was soon to take studies, and New Year’s Day 1979 of nursing throughout the Far East. a new turn. For years the Loma Students from Thailand, Indonesia, Linda University School of Nursing Korea, the Philippines enrolled in the (LLUSN) had received requests from new program. Teaching such a diverse around the world for scholarships to group of highly-motivated students in prepare faculty for sister institutions Guidelines for such a rich cultural context was deeply in other countries. LLUSN responded, contributors meaningful and rewarding. offering one or two scholarships at a time. Sometimes the students College and University Dialogue, pub- An expanding ministry struggled with English and took up lished three times a year in four parallel Ten years later we faced a different to three years to complete a master’s language editions, is addressed to Seventh- kind of challenge. Our two daughters degree. Our global ministry was thus day Adventists involved in post-secondary were ready for significant educational limited. But then God inspired anoth- Dialogue online education, either as students or teachers, transitions. The first one was ready for er way. The global shortage of nurses and also to Adventist professionals and university, the second for secondary and of nursing faculty demanded a Now you can read online some of the campus chaplains around the world. best articles and interviews that you may The editors are interested in well-writ- school. It was time for our children’s different approach. If we could bring have missed in earlier issues of Dialogue. ten articles, interviews, and reports consis- needs to have priority and that meant more and more students from around Check our new, user-friendly Web site: tent with Dialogue’s objectives: returning to the United States. As we the world to Loma Linda, why not 1. To nurture an intelligent, living faith. returned, there was great discussion take LLUSN’s graduate programs to http://dialogue.adventist.org 2. To deepen commitment to Christ, about the possibility of a collaborative the world? Thus was born a new chal- the Bible, and Adventist global mis- project in China jointly sponsored by lenge. sion. the Seventh-day Adventist Church An off-campus graduate program 3. To articulate a biblical approach to and a generous Hong Kong business- was developed. Visionary donors contemporary issues. man. Loma Linda University Medical provided financial support. The first 4. To offer ideas and models of Christian service and outreach. Center would oversee the construc- experiment of an international off- Dialogue usually assigns articles, inter- tion and operation of a new modern campus master of science program in views, and reports to specific authors medical facility – Sir Run Run Shaw nursing was launched in 2005 with for publication. Prospective authors are Hospital (SRRSH) – in China. The nearly 50 students from 24 countries. urged: (a) to examine previous issues of very possibility of such a project was Most were from Adventist institu- our journal, (b) to carefully consider these exciting, even though we were now tions, but some were admitted from guidelines, and (c) to submit an abstract leaving Asia and I had no idea if or countries where the church once had and personal background before develop- how I might be involved. Twenty years a presence but no longer does. Eight ing a proposed article. Unsolicited submis- after the Cultural Revolution and students came from China. Half of sions will not be returned. our stay in Hong Kong, a door was the total group attended classes in Check our Web site: opening for the presence of Christian Thailand, the other half in Argentina http://dialogue.adventist.org. workers in China in a way unimag- ined earlier! Continued on page 31

24 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 LOGOS part. Actually, divine grace is the most expensive grace one can imag- ine, for it cost God the life of His An offering Son. That’s what makes Jesus the Way – a truth everyone needs to under- stand. Religious people who have “without blemish” emphasized behavior, performance, by Gerry D. Karst obedience, law, standards, and rules need to know this truth. So-called Christians who don’t have any joy or “When I look at myself can I ever meet these requirements to assurance in their spiritual life need be saved and then remain saved? How to know this truth. People trusting in I don’t see how I can be can I or anyone else achieve such a their own level of achievement need saved. But when I look at standard? Humanly speaking, there to know this truth. Adventists who Jesus I don’t see how I can is no way to meet these requirements. feel guilty, burdened, condemned, Yet we know that God is just and fair. and worn out trying need to know be lost.” He would not set up an impossible this truth. And if you think you can standard. The good news is that there never measure up, you need to know is a way. and understand the meaning of the That saying, attributed to Martin Revelation 7:9 offers us this won- words “I am the way!” Luther, clearly summarizes the gran- derful encouragement: “After these Because Jesus is the way, I can be deur of the gospel. things I looked, and behold, a great accepted while He is making me Let’s begin with where we are. Paul multitude which no one could num- acceptable. I can be perfect while He tells us that “all have sinned and ber, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and is perfecting me. I can be ready while fall[en] short of the glory of God” tongues, standing before the throne He is making me ready. I can gladly (Romans 3:23).* I am a sinner and and before the Lamb, clothed with join Martin Luther in affirming, am unable to please God. Apart from white robes, with palm branches “When I look at myself, I don’t see Him, I stand guilty. I am an example in their hands.” This picture of the how I can be saved. But when I look of total depravity. I am a fountain of future is encouraging because a mul- at Jesus, I don’t see how I can be lost.” corruption. On my own, I am a disas- titude of people that no one could On May 21, 1946, Louis Slotin ter – not one that’s waiting to happen number is there, clothed with pure and seven other men were carrying – rather, one that has already hap- white, without any blemish. They all out a dangerous experiment in Los pened. So how can I possibly make found a way. Alamos, New Mexico. They were it to heaven to live in the presence of working with pieces of plutonium, a holy God, when I am morally and There is a way which produces deadly radioactivity spiritually bankrupt? Jesus said, “‘I am the way’” (John when enough of it is brought together. 14:6). This is so simple, so profound, During the experiment, the pieces God’s ideal for His followers and so thrilling. Jesus is the way. were accidentally nudged a little too The standard God has set for His The righteousness that comes from close together, and a great surge of people is high, clear, and specific: His free grace provides us the way. radioactivity filled the room. Slotin “‘Therefore you shall be perfect, But this righteousness is far from our moved immediately. With his bare just as your Father in heaven is per- righteousness, from our good works. hands, he pulled the radioactive piec- fect’” (Matthew 5:48). Does God Our soy-milk-drinking, tofu-eating, es apart. But in so doing, he exposed really mean this? Paul, writing to the TV-rejecting, church-office-holding, himself to an overwhelming dosage of Ephesians, spoke of Christ’s desire for literature-distributing, Bible-studies- radiation. Several days later, he died. the church: “that he might present her giving, abstinent righteousness will The other seven survived. to Himself a glorious church, not hav- never make it with God, because the Jesus came down to this dangerous, ing spot or wrinkle or any such thing, best righteousness we can produce on deadly earth laboratory where we live. but that she should be holy and with- our own is only “filthy rags” (Isaiah On the cross, He threw Himself on out blemish” (Ephesians 5:27). No 64:6). the explosive, destructive force of sin, wrinkle or blemish of any kind. That When we refer to God’s free grace, covering it with His own body so that is God’s wish. we are not speaking of cheap grace we would escape and live. His death Seem impossible? How in the world that demands no obedience on our saved our lives.

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 25 An offering without blemish make atonement and reconciliation was being built, one of the workers Go back to the Old Testament for the sinner? fell from the roof to the ground. His sanctuary services. One of God’s On the nature of the offering, recall friends climbed down as quickly as people became convicted of a sin and Leviticus 22:19-21: “You shall offer they could, expecting to find him came to the sanctuary with an offer- of your own free will a male without dead. But he was virtually unhurt. A ing to be made right with God. Did blemish from the cattle, from the lamb had been grazing below, and he God instruct the individual to be the sheep, or from the goats. Whatever had landed on the lamb, absolutely offering or to bring the offering? Did has a defect, you shall not offer, for crushing it. He was so thankful that God require that the offerer or the it shall not be acceptable on your he chose to carve a stone lamb as a offering be “without blemish”? Whose behalf.” memorial of the lamb’s sacrifice that life was taken to pay the price of An offering without blemish. saved his life. God’s broken law, that of the sinner Against that benchmark, I look at Jesus, the Lamb of God, died on or the lamb? Was the sinner justified, myself. I am defective. No matter the cross to save you and me. We can cleansed, reconciled with God on the how hard I try to be “without blem- experience the joy and freedom of sal- basis of being the right kind of offerer, ish,” I can never be good enough to vation if we come to God in the name or of bringing the right kind of offer- be the offering. But I need to look of that offering – the “without blem- ing? elsewhere. ish” offering – in the name of Jesus Look back again to the sanctuary because of whom we are counted service. Do you see the priest examin- Christ: The one without blemish righteous through faith. ing the lamb to be sure it is an offer- We need to look at Christ. He ing without blemish? Do you see the is our example in how to live. But repentant sinner place his hands on we need something more than an Gerry D. Karst (M.Div., Andrews the head of the offering and confess example when it comes to salvation. University) is a general vice his sins, thus transferring them to the We need a sacrifice. And Christ – the president of the Seventh-day totally innocent, perfect lamb? Do one without blemish – is our sacrifice. Adventist Church and chairman you notice that it is the lamb’s life By dying for our sins, He became our of the Andrews University Board that is taken, and the lamb’s blood substitute, our Savior. Hence Luther of Trustees. E-mail: karstg@gc. that is carried into the sanctuary to could say with confidence, “When I adventist.org. look at Jesus I don’t see how I can be lost.” Does this mean that my “works” *All Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version. don’t count? Does it mean that my Author’s note: In writing this article, I am Attention, spiritual growth and sanctification indebted to Philip Dunham’s recent work mean nothing? Isn’t my obedience Sure Salvation (Nampa, Idaho: Pacific Press Adventist Publ. Assn., 2007). Used by permission. worth anything? Doesn’t my striving Professionals to work out my salvation make any difference to God? If you hold a degree in any field and have an e-mail address, we encourage Absolutely, it does. It does as the Science you to join the Adventist Professionals’ “fruit” of my salvation by faith in Continued from page 10 Network (APN). Sponsored by the Jesus Christ, the offering of God’s Adventist Church, this global electronic own providing. But it is not the registry assists participant institutions “root.” What I do in loving obedience 7. Quoted in O. Gingerich, “Dare a Scientist and agencies in locating consultants Believe in Design?” Bulletin of the Boston to the one who provides the accept- Theological Institute 3 (2004)2:4-5. with expertise, volunteers for mission able offering is the evidence or fruit of 8. R. Lewontin, “Billions and Billions of assignments, and candidates for positions my salvation experience. Demons,” New York Review of Books 44 in teaching, administration, or research. (1997)1:28-32. Italics supplied. Enter your professional information 9. S. C. Todd, “A View from Kansas on that evo- Conclusion lution debate. Nature 401 (1999):423. directly in the APN Web site: We are not the offering. We cannot 10. For further discussion, see the recent book by the author: A. A. Roth, Science Discovers God: http://apn.adventist.org be the offering. We bring an offer- Seven Convincing Lines of Evidence for His ing, and that offering is the spotless Existence (Hagerstown, MD: Autumn House Encourage other Adventist Lamb of God. The story is told of a Publishing, 2008). professionals to register! 11. E. J. Larson and L. Witham, “Scientists sculpture of a lamb on the roof of a Are Still Keeping the Faith,” Nature 386 church in Germany. When the church (1997):435-436.

26 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 ACTION REPORT gelism among unchurched people of higher education; to provide support, mentorship, and spiritual guidance for Christian students, especially those who attend non-Christian universi- ties; and to encourage Christian-based interdisciplinary scholarship and research of the highest standard. Niels-Erik Andreasen, president of Andrews University and an Old Testament scholar, presented three factors that provide coherence to faith- reason interface: “(1) We are called to worship God with our minds: scholarship is a privilege and a duty. (2) What we share with one another Many scholars shared their experience of integrating faith and intellectual integ- should be faith-affirming, inspiring. rity with the conference attendees. (3) In today’s culture, our adversary is unbelief; Adventists need robust apologetics for basic Nicene Christian In Britain: theism.” To Andreasen, the conference was “like a camp meeting for scholars. A conference for scholars The content is mixed, so different sorts of people can find interest and seeking faith blessing. It’s an Adventist mind-and- heart conference.” The conference also stressed the An international and interdisciplin- address examined ways by which need for the church to address the ary conference, “Gloria Patri: ‘For Christians may uplift the God of cre- question of how to relate to our in Him We Live, and Move, and ation through various academic disci- highly-educated members. Often such Have Our Being,’” was held near plines. Christians are called to uplift members walk out the door – not Cambridge University from June 26 the Creator and to seek evidences of just the door of church membership, to 29, 2008. Held in the beautiful set- Him in His creation. Paul’s message but out of Christianity itself. Victor ting of Wyboston Lakes Conference of a God who not only creates and Pilmoor, treasurer of the British Union and Training Centre near St. Neots, intervenes in human history, but also Conference and a highly-trained Herefordshire, England, the event holds humanity responsible for its scholar, summarized the situation attracted 70 intellectuals, including actions, was completely foreign to his when he described the relationship 36 students from 11 countries. Most audience. The Epicureans attacked the of a local Adventist church to a cer- of the student attendees presented notion of divine intervention, while tain prominent university. He noted scholarly papers across the disciplines the Stoics believed in a nonpersonal that there is a definite gap between of science, theology, philosophy, psy- higher power that was equated with the town and the academic gown. chology, law, and medicine. Coming Fate. Uncomfortable with the prospect of largely from public universities, the That attitude of indifference to or answering difficult and unconven- student delegates expressed apprecia- ignorance of the God of creation, so tional questions, churches can often tion for the opportunity the confer- much a part of the Athenian life, is no be less than welcoming to members ence provided for free discussion of different from the attitude of today’s and visitors who are highly educated. views without compromising one’s so-called intellectuals. Hence the Feelings of intimidation and fear of faith or intellectual integrity. Cambridge conference focused on how interacting with those imagined to The conference focused on the Adventist scholars can remain com- be superior in some way can stand in theme taken from Paul’s address to mitted to the God of the Bible while the way of embracing those associated the Athenians (Acts 17:16-34): “For pursuing various intellectual careers. with high academia. in him we live, and move, and have The purpose for the conference was What is needed to help correct this our being,” (KJV). The inaugural threefold: to begin intellectual evan- problem is not simply a large mon-

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 27 etary investment to reach people with glitzy programs, but rather allowing those people to invest themselves in the church. People want to contribute something of themselves to a cause, and they will go where they can do so. Will they shake things up a bit? Yes. Will they make mistakes along the way? Yes. Are they causing a stir because they are anti-establishment and are just waiting for the older generation to die? No. Every good scholar knows that we stand on the shoulders of giants, and it is only by standing on those shoulders that we are able to see our way more clearly to the future. The next conference will be June 4-8, 2009, at Bobbio Pellice, Italy. A call for papers for “Gloria Patri: The Responsibilities of Christian Scholarship” is posted at http://glori- Romanian College hosts apatria2009.blogspot.com. The pur- pose of the upcoming conference is to EUD’s Fourth International examine the ways in which a Christian worldview may positively interact with AMiCUS congress and impact the disciplines. The con- ference will explore: (1) the historical interaction of Christianity with the Under the motto “Warming Up,” congress, as delegates concentrated on sciences and humanities; (2) methods the Fourth International AMiCUS the issue of global warming. Nature, for building positive interaction and Congress for the Euro-Africa Division it was pointed out, has a very special dialogue between Christianity and the (EUD) convened September 25-28, part in God’s plan for our education disciplines; and (3) the ways in which 2008, on the beautiful campus of and for helping us to maintain a good a Christian-based interdisciplinary the Adventist Theological Institute, relationship with Him, which is why dialogue and research may practically Cernica, near Bucharest. Adventist it is so important to respect and pro- impact the disciplines. university students from all over tect it. Romania and other parts of the If I had to choose a word to define region assembled to experience three Friday’s activities, “new” would be a Karen K. Abrahamson (Ph.D. days of fellowship that included Bible good one. New lectures and work- candidate, Andrews University) studies, position papers on global shops, new ideas, new friends, a new is managing editor of Andrews warming, and probing challenges to trip, and new sightseeing spots. The University Seminary Studies at their commitment to mission. most singular activity of the day was Andrews University in Berrien The official program began the tour of Bucharest. One day is not Springs, Michigan, and an adjunct Thursday night with inspiring songs, enough to discover a city, and so the faculty member at Florida Hospital a challenging report on global warm- organizers of the congress chose just College of Health Sciences in ing with well-selected video clips, two of the most representative and Orlando, Florida. She can be and a presentation on “The Value well-known monuments of Bucharest, contacted at Karen@andrews. of Nature for Christians” by Dr. the Village Museum and the Palace edu. Kathleen M. Demsky (M.L.S., Antonio Cremades, former director of of the Parliament – to stir up partici- University of Indiana, Bloomington) the Latin chapter of the Geoscience pants’ desire for the next visit. is the architecture resource direc- Research Institute and present educa- But the congress was not all play. tor at Andrews University. tion director for the Spanish Union. Serious discussions on the issue The presentation set the tone for the of global warming provided two

28 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 and villages. It was pure AMiCUS mission. Those reports were all about warming up (our souls) for Jesus. The theme of the congress even wound up in a song that won students’ hearts and helped them express their com- mitment to mission. The song, writ- ten especially for the occasion, will be included in the new International Adventist Youth Ministry songbook.

Cristina Neagu is the author of this article. She can be contacted by e-mail at [email protected].

Visit http://amicus.euroafrica.org Above: Dr. Roberto Badenas, Education Department director of the Euro-African to watch seminar videos and con- Division, addressing the delegates. cluding statement or download the Left: Part of audience at the Europe AMICUS congress, which met at the congress hymn and the student’s Adventist Theological Institute, Cernica, near Bucharest, Romania. report ideas. www.euroafrica.org/ index.cgi.

new perspectives on the subject. an occasion of interaction. This one Dr. Jacques Sauvagnat, director of was not an exception. Saturday night, the European branch office of the after two and a half days of lectures, Geoscience Research Institute, helped participants had the opportunity to Make plans to us to understand that hoping for a ask questions, present their points of attend the fifth EUD new Earth also includes caring for the view, and share their vision about the present one; we are indeed stewards of issues. The discussion was interrupted AMiCUS congress in God’s creation here. The second per- by the surprising visit of the mayor of France in 2010. spective came from Dr. Samuel Soret, Bucharest, Dr. Sorin Oprescu, who associate professor and chairman of expressed his delight about the cam- the Department of Environmental pus and his appreciation for the sub- and Occupational Health at Loma ject of the meeting. This unexpected Linda University. He challenged the VIP visit marked the day even in the audience with new ideas and practical newspapers. advice as to how to put into practice Sunday is usually a good day ecological theories. How can we prac- for shopping. So that was the best tice “green” evangelism? How about time for a lecture about…shopping. Send us your an eco-friendly church? How to buy ethically or “Good bye, group’s report The Sabbath was a feast of songs, good…buy”? The guide for this ses- worship, fellowship, seminars, and sion of shopping was Dr. Michael Leaders of Adventist university student workshops. Drs. Cindy Tutsch, asso- Pearson, professor of ethics and vice associations are invited to send a brief ciate director of the Ellen G. White principal of Newbold College. His report of their group’s activities and one Estate, and Hans Gerhardt, rector purpose was not to bankrupt all the or two digital photos for publication in of Friedensau University, were the shops, but to challenge students to Dialogue. Include all relevant information about the student group; describe its main principal speakers of the day. What think a little bit more before buying. activities, challenges, and plans; and list has Ellen White to say about ecology? Before each meeting, students the name, position, and e-mail address of What is the relation between what presented reports on how different the report’s author. Send them to Susana we eat and global warming? Is global AMiCUS chapters implemented their Schulz at [email protected]. Thank warming a sign of the times? mission in public campuses, high you! A student congress is by definition schools, elementary schools, cities,

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 29 Finis God in lands so f ar and so diff erent Matainaho Brothers Contin ued from page 19 from your own? Contin ued from page 17 Sacrifi ce is onl y on e s i d e of th e coin. Th e oth e r s i d e sh o ws y o u all th e b l ess - th e m ost p l easant Sab ba th w e had, ings tha t y o u ar e constantl y r eceiving . pr operties of snake v enom to impr ov e an d onl y God can w or k tha t o ut. Respect, so li darity, l o v e an d fri en dship management of snake bite. I am also com e in th e sam e package. We w o ul d inv olv ed with policy dev elopment for ■ One lif e lesson you learned? be v e ry hap p y t o r eturn t o liv e an d traditional medicine. Humility. Th e r e ar e so many dif - w or k in th e lan ds wh e r e w e had th e The focus on biodiv ersity for health fe r ent cultur es in o ur w or l d, an d all o p portunity t o se rv e God thus far. has added enormous interest to con- of th em ha v e som ething special. My serv ation of resour ces and highlighted cultur e is n ot bette r beca use it ’s min e the need to articulate clearly the global or beca use it has m or e m on ey. My cul - Lorena May er, (M.A. in and community issues associated tur e is just an oth e r cultur e. I l earn ed International Communication, with the use and management of the w e d on’t ha v e t o ju dge oth e r cultur es Univ ersity of Southern envir onment, including the impact of as good or bad, b ut w e ha v e t o vi ew Queensland, Australia), writes climate change. th em as diffe r ent. fr om Gene va. She w orks in one Some of our resear ch is funded b y of the specializ ed agencies of the the United States National Institutes of ■ You c an serve God in your own p lac e, United Nations system. E-mail: Health, National Cancer Institute, and with peo p le of your own culture and val - lorenmay er@hotmail. com. World Health O rganization, and I am ues, having relatives and friends c lose. inv olv ed in multi-national pharmacol- Weighing the pros and cons of your expe - ogy resear ch pr ojects. I am particularly rienc e, is it worth the sacrific e of serving concerned about understanding the envir onment and the benefits offered b y biodiv ersity, without exploiting it in the pr ocess. I believ e stewardship of the envir onment was entrusted to us b y the C reator. To support Adv entist education, I serv e on the Univ ersity Council for

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30 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Pacific Adventist University. I am tions offering a master’s degree, it is also very active in my local church. necessary for faculty to be prepared at Dialogue online Recently, I have been writing on the the doctoral level. Again, it is difficult Now you can read online some of the topic of creation, and how the prin- in many countries for Adventist facul- best articles and interviews that you may ciples of success are illustrated by the ty to obtain access to and support for have missed in earlier issues of Dialogue. days of Creation. But I would like to doctoral study. Loma Linda University Check our new, user-friendly Web site: find a way to be even more involved School of Nursing offers a Ph.D. in with Adventist education somehow. nursing, but at present it requires stu- http://dialogue.adventist.org dents to come to the main campus for a four- to five-year period to complete Lisa M. Beardsley (Ph.D., University the degree. To serve the world field of Hawaii at Manoa) is the editor- effectively, we need a format in which in-chief of Dialogue and an associ- students can come for shorter periods ate director of education of the and continue in their faculty roles General Conference of Seventh-day in their home country. In addition, Adventists, Silver Spring, Maryland, scholarships are necessary to make this U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] possible. This is the next missionary tist.org. challenge to conquer – a challenge that God will solve in His own way, in Fifaia T. Matainaho, Ph.D. (Vanderbilt His own time, one step at a time. All University, USA), [email protected], He needs is human instruments who [email protected]. seek to do His will and His way. In that seeking, I have found my Teatulohi K. Matainaho, Ph.D. joy. From the teenage girl, shocked (University of Queensland, Brisbane, by her father’s untimely death and Australia), Lohi.Matainaho@upng. troubled by a future that seemed dark ac.pg. and uncertain I have become a person who has seen life in all its tragedy and triumph, uncertainty and fullness of joy. The way was paved and readied by God’s Timing the One who said, “I am the way, the Continued from page 27 truth and the life.” All I needed to do was place my dreams, my hopes, and my life in Him who never fails. and South Africa. Instruction was the same as at Loma Linda University and provided by the same faculty. Patricia S. Jones (Ph.D., Vanderbilt A rich cultural exchange among University) is professor of nurs- students and between students and ing and director of the Office of faculty enhanced the educational International Nursing at Loma experience for all – faculty as well as Linda University, Loma Linda, students. Through role modeling of California. She is also the associate Christian values and integration of director for health ministries at the faith and learning, students observed General Conference of Seventh- Christianity in action and described it day Adventists, Silver Spring, as life-changing. Maryland, U.S.A. But soon we discovered that master’s E-mail: [email protected]. degrees were not enough. A grow- ing number of Adventist universities around the world are adding graduate programs of their own to maintain a qualified faculty and help meet the needs in their own country. In institu-

DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 31 INDEX Cowles, David. “Science discovers God: Seven convincing lines of evidence for His existence (Roth) ,” 20:3 (2008), p. 21. Damsteegt, Joelle. “General Youth Conference College and University Dialogue motivates young people to spread the Gospel,” 19:1 (2007), p. 26. Davidson Schafer, Rahel. “Integrating faith and Vols. 16-20 (2004-2008) science,” 16:1 (2004), p. 18. 19:3 was not published. de Groot, Mart. “Genesis and the cosmos: A uni- fied picture?,” 17:1 (2005), p. 15. Denk, Daniel. “Paul speaks at the university,” 18:3 (2006), p. 35. By Author rios revelados acerca de la adoración (Plenc),” 20:2 Donkor, Kwabena. “The battle for the Bible Abrahamson, Karen K. “In Britain: A conference (2008), p. 23. (Marshall),” 17:2 (2005), p. 31. for scholars seeking faith,” 20:3 (2008), p. 27. Belvedere, Daniel. “How to approach a Jehovah’s Douglass, Herbert E. “Natural disasters: Acts of Adams, Roy. “The tenderness of His love,” 20:2 Witness,” 18:2 (2006), p. 31. God or acts of Satan?,” 18:1 (2006), p. 18. (2008), p. 17. Bingham, Maxine and Ron. “The Da Vinci Code: Doward, Jan S. “God’s perfect timing,” 16:1 Adjapong, Erik. “Ghana Adventist students host fact or fiction?,” 18:2 (2006), p. 24. (2004), p. 32. Bible lecture series,” 18:3 (2006), p. 29. Blake, Chris. “Christians and homosexuality,” 19:2 Dulan, C. Garland. “Followers first,” 17:2 (2205), Agyemang, Richard and Lydia Oppong. “Ghanian (2007), p. 24. p. 3. students try new ways fo campus ministry,” 20:2 Bocaneanu, Sara. “Steliana Sandu,” 16:1 (2004), du Preez, Ron. “1844: Coincidence or providence,” (2008), p. 31. p. 14. 18:3 (2006), p. 13. Almocera, Reuel U. “Closed or open doors?,” 16:2 Boskovic, Danilo. “I believe in a Creator God,” ___. “Thinking straight in a crooked world,” 17:3 (2004), p. 34. 19:1 (2007), p. 22. (2005), p. 26. Alves, Charlise. “Students in Brazil meet to learn Boyle, Patrick J. “Islam in the post 9/11 world Duerksen, Dick. “Where hope happens,” 19:2 and share,” 18:3 (2006), p. 28. (Schantz),” 16:3 (2004), p. 29. (2007), p. 28. Amaral, Fabiana, Irineo Koch, and Erton Köhler. Brand, Leonard. “Ellen White and her critics,” Dupertuis, Atilio René. “Understanding Scripture: “Brazil on the move,” 16:3 (2004), p. 34. 17:2 (2005), p. 24. An Adventist approach (Reid),” 19:1 (2007), p. ___. “University students attend symposium in ___ and Ernest Schwab. “The rainbow is all in 32. Brazil,” 16:1 (2004), p. 21. your head,” 18:2 (2006), p. 11. Esperante, Raúl. “A fistuf of dollars,” 20:1 (2008), Andersson, Audrey. “ Eva-Charlotte Roslin.” 17:3 Brito, Azenilto G. “Cristãos em busca do êxtase p. 27. (2005), p. 18. (Dorneles),” 17:1 (2005), p. 28. ___. “Archaeopteryx: A flying reptile?,” 17:1 Andreasen, Niels-Erik. “I know in whom I Burdick, Gary. “Science and Design: A physicist’s (2005), p. 32. believe,” 16:2 (2004), p. 15. perspective,” 20:3 (2008), p. 5. ___. “Evidence for Creation (Javor),” 18:2 (2006), Aranda Fraga, Fernando. “Amores que matan Burt, Merlin D. “Ellen G. White and mental p. 28. (Núñez),” 16:1 (2004), p. 26. health,” 20:3 (2008), p. 11. ___. “Knowing God in the real world (Paulien),” ___. “El proceso pedagógico: ¿Agonía o resurgimien- Cairus, Aecio E. “Drink a little wine?,” 19:2 16:3 (2004), p. 28. to? (Smith),” 17:1 (2005), p. 29. (2007), p. 29. ___. “Time, faith, and fossil whales,” 16:2 (2004), Ashton, John F. “Alcohol’s dark secrets,” 17:2 ___. “E. J. Waggoner: From the physician of good p. 5. (2005), p. 28. news to the agent of Division (Whidden),” 20:3 Feldbush, Martin W. “Blessed are the peacemak- Bacchiocchi, Samuele. “Passionate about The (2008), p. ers,” 20:1 (2008), p. 3. Passion,” 16:2 (2004), p. 22. ___. “The Trinity: Understanding God’s love, His ___. “Cheers and challenges,” 16:3 (2004), p. 3 Badenas, Roberto. “Cristología: Descubriendo al plan of salvation, and Christian relationships Feliciano, Redentor A. “Adventist students active Maestro (Núñez),” 19:2 (2007), p. 23. (Whidden, Moon, and Reeve),” 17:2 (2005), p. in the Philippines,” 17:2 (2005), p. 21. ___. “Division-wide AMICUS Congress in Italy,” 30. Fortin, Denis. “Systematic theology: Prolegomena 18:1 (2006), p. 26. Carballo, Benjamin and Arturo King. “Committed (Gulley),” 17:3 (2005), p. 29. ___. “Jordi Baget,” 19:2 (2007), p. 18 and insert. minds - Ready hearts,” 17:3 (2005), p. 23. Fowler, John M. “Who am I?,” 17:1 (2005), p. 3 ___. “Rafael Falcó Güell,” 18:2 (2006), p. 18 and Carbonell, Nancy J. “El poder terapéutico del perdón Gallagher, Jonathan. “Evan Jeremy Paki,” 16:3 insert. (Pereyra),” 18:1 (2006), p. 30. (2004), p. 20. ___. “The essential Jesus (Ball and Johnsson),” 16:2 ___. “Sea feliz: Cómo vencer la depresión y controlar Gane, Barry. “Coming home from the distant (2004), p. 28. la ansiedad (Pereyra and Mussi),” 19:2 (2007), land,” 16:2 (2004), p. 30. Baldwin, John T. “The big argument: Does God p. 22. García-Marenko, Alfredo. “The Elijah Project: You exist? (Ashton and Westacott),” 19:1 (2007), p. Castro, Ausberto. “In search of the true lighted are invited!,” 17:1 (2005), p. 25. 32. path,” 18:1 (2006), p. 33. General Conference. “A Seventh-day Adventist Barbosa, Henrianne. “Eunice Michiles,” 20:1 Caviness, Linda. “The mind-body connection: philosophy of music,” 18:2 (2006), p. 27. (2008), p. 20. Some recent findings,” 16:2 (2004), p. 11. ___. “Adventist statements on homosexuality and Batten, Nicole. “Duane Maynard Cady,” 18:1 Ceballos, Mario. “Be a Daniel or Daniella!”, 20:3 same-sex unions,” 19:1 (2007), p. 30. (2006), p. 22. (2008), p. 3 ___. “Seventh-day Adventists and Scholarship,” ___. “Jaime Jorge,” 17:1 (2005), p. 20. Chartier, Gary. “The Christian in business: 16:3 (2004), p. 26. Beardsley, Lisa M. “Better vision in the body of Beyond honesty,” 17:1 (2005), p. 5. Gibson, L. James. “Exploring the relation between Christ,” 19:2 (2007), p. 20. Ching, Kathy. “Elaine Kennedy,” 16:2 (2004), p. faith and science,” 17:1 (2005), p. 23. ___. “Cultural critics,” 20:2 (2008), p. 3. 20. ___. “The Geoscience Research Institute,” 16:1 ___. “Fiaia Matainaho and Teatulohi Matainaho,” Cooper, Lowell C. “The gospel, the power of (2004), p. 30. 20:3 (2008), p. 15. God,” 20:2 (2008), p. 25. ___. “What is the meaning of kinds in Genesis?,” ___. “Rainbow over hell: The death-row deliverance Coralie, Alain Gerard. “Enriching praise and wor- 18:1 (2006), p. 27. of a World War II assassin (Mohri),” 20:1 (2008), ship through ACTS,” 20:2 (2008), p. 27. ___. “When faith and reason are in tension,” 19:2 p. 23. Cotro, Hugo A. Christians and political election,” (2007), p. 5. Becerra, Enrique. “El culto que agrada a Dios: crite- 18:2 (2006), p. 17. 32 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Giem, Paul. “Religion always loses?,” 16:3 (2004), health?,” 16:2 (2004), p. 24. ___. “How do you react when offended?,” 16:1 p. 30. ___. “Uncorked! The hidden hazards of alcohol (2004), p. 5. Goldstein, Clifford. “Can reality be understood (Ashton and Laura),” 18:1 (2006), p. 31. Perrino-Walker, Celeste. “Joy: The secret of being without God?,” 16:2 (2004), p. 8. Lichtenwalter, Larry. “He breathed into his nos- content,” 17:2 (2005) p. 13. ___. “Einstein’s Brain,” 20:1 (2008), p. 24. trils: God’s kiss of life,” 17:2 (2005), p. 22. Pfandl, Gerhard. “Revelation of Jesus Christ Graham-Kennedy, Elaine. “Dinosaurs: Questions Ludwig, Jenny. “NASDAS: Adventist students in (Stefanovic),” 17:3 (2005), p. 31. Christians ask,” 18:3 (2006), p. 9. Northern Australia,” 17:1 (2005), p. 26. ___. “The soul sleepers (Ball),” 20:2 (2008), p. 22. Haloviak, Bert. “The Adventist Church today,” Luste Maran, Kimberly. “Birgit Philipsen,” 19:2 Pichot, Paul. “Searching for the God of grace 17:3 (2005), p. 12. (2007), p. 16. (Tyner),” 20:2 (2008), p. 24. Hammerly, Héctor. “Expect great things (O’Ffill),” Mahon, Penny. “With all your might,” 17:1 Pitman, Sean D. “Why I believe in Creation,” 17:3 16:1 (2004), p. 27. (2005), p. 22. (2005), p. 9. Hansen, Kent. “Grace at 30,000 feet,” 16:1 (2004) Marshall, Anita (as told Charles Ngandwe). “The Plenc, Daniel. “Worship as adoration: A perspec- p. 22. voice He gave me,” 17:2 (2005), p. 34. tive from Ellen G. White,” 20:2 (2008), p. 15. Hasel, Michael. “Postmodern Bible critics and Marshall, David. “The canon of the Bible: A brief Poni, Carlos and Esteban Poni. “Your health is in recent archaeology,” 18:2 (2006), p. 14. review,” 17:1 (2005), p. 12. your hands,” 18:1 (2006), p. 12. Hee, Jae Im. “Dreaming of a world without war,” Masih, Younis S. “20 Questions God wants to ask Poni, Esteban. “Taking charge of your health,” 20:1 (2008), p. 29. you: Life-changing encounters with the Divine 16:1 (2004), p. 8. Hodgkin, Georgia E. “Nutrition and academic Fitzgerald) ,” 20:3 (2008), p. 22. ___ and Carlos Poni. “Your health is in your achievement: Are they related?,” 20:1 (2008), Maxwell, Stanley. “In a prison cell: A matter of hands,” 18:1 (2006), p. 12. p. 16. conscience,” 16:3 (2004), p. 24. Popescu, Claudiu. “Adventists students evangelize Höschele, Stefan. “Living in a world of war and Maya Montes, César. “Yolanda Morales Romero,” in Romania,” 16:1 (2004), p. 20. violence: What should a Christian do?,” 20:1 16:3 (2004), p. 18. Ransom, Kevin. “AMICUS active in central (2008), p. 5. Mayer, Lorena. “Silvia and Arturo Finis,” 20:3 Philippines,” 16:3 (2004), p. 34. Hull, Lakisha. “Philadelphia Adventist Network,” (2008), p. 18. Rasi, Humberto M. “Dealing with Sabbath dif- 17:2 (2005), p. 20. McClarty, Wilma. “Teaching Literature: A Seventh- ficulties,” 16:1 (2004), p. 24. Jamison, Bradley A. “A strange place for grace: day Adventist Approach (Davis),” 16:3 (2004), ___. “Giving a reason for our hope,” 20:1 (2008), Discovering a loving God in the Old Testament p. 28. p. 11. (Dybdahl),” 20:2 (2008), p. 23. Melgosa, Julián. “Reconciliación: Cómo reparar los ___. “Knowing God’s will for my life,” 18:1 Javor, George. “Decision time,” 17:3 (2005), p. 32. vínculos dañados (Pereyra),” 17:1 (2005), p. 28. (2006), p. 5. Jones, Dustin R. “Daisy de Leon,” 17:1 (2005), ___ and Anette. “Getting married or living ___. “Romualdo Costa,” 16:2 (2004), p.18 and p. 18. together?,” 19:1 (2007), p. 34. insert. ___. “Richard Hart,” 16:1 (2004), p. 16. Missah, Hiskia. “Priorities for the new year,” 19:1 ___. “So you want a job?,” 17:1 (2005), p. 34. Jones, Patricia. “God’s timing, God’s way,” 20:3 (2007), p. 3. ___. “Three certainties,” 19:1 (2007), p. 3. (2008), p. 23. Morgan, Douglas. “Peacemaking: Exploring ___. “You are poetry in motion!,” 16:2 (2004), Jordache, Costin. “Transforming prayer,” 16:3 Adventism’s roots and heritage,” 20:1 (2008), p. 3. (2004), p.22. p. 8. Rasi Gregorutti, Sylvia. “Grace at 30,000 feet and Jordache, Leah. “Are you a true disciple of Muganda, Baraka. “Where is your passion?,” 18:1 other unexpected places (Hansen),” 16:2 (2004), Christ?,” 18:3 (2006), p. 22. (2006), p. 3. p. 29. Karst, Gerry, “Always read the owner’s manual,” Muller, Ekkehardt. “Where is hell?,” 18:3 (2006), Rasi, Julieta. “A letter read by all,” 18:2 (2006), 16:1 (2004), p. 3 p. 34. p. 3. ___. “An offering ‘without blemish’,” 20:3 (2008), Neagu, Cristina. “Romanian College hosts EUD’s Reid, G. Edward. “Don’t worry about money!,” p. 25. fourth Iinternational AMICUS congress,” 20:3 16:3 (2004), p. 8. Katemba Tobing, Caroline V. “Miracles happen (2008), p. 28. Reid, George W. “Burial or cremation?,” 17:3 through prayer,” 18:2 (2006), p. 34. Ngandwe, Charles as told to Anita Marshall. “The (2005), p. 29. Kellner, Mark A. “Sharing your faith with a Jewish voice He gave me,” 17:2 (2005), p. 34. Riveros, Mario. “Misión y contextualización: Llevar friend,” 19:2 (2007), p. 31. Nicoll, Regis. “Rumors of things unseen,” 17:3 el mensaje bíblico a un mundo multicultural Kibuuka, Hudson E. “Emily Akuno,” 18:3 (2006), (2005), p. 24. (Klingbeil),” 18:3 (2006), p. 30. p. 18. Nunes, Miguel. “Creation field conference in Rizzo, Kay D. told by Sunshine. “God’s sunshine ___. “Ken D. Bilima,” 17:3 (2005), p. 20. Portugal,” 18:3 (2006), p. 28. on stage,” 18:3 (2006), p. 32. King, Arturo and Benjamin Carballo. “Committed ___. “Dulce Neto,” 19:1 (2007), p. 16. Roberts, Randall L. “Good God, what have we minds – ready hearts,” 17:3 (2005), p. 23. Nuñez, Miguel Ángel. “Domestic abuse has no done to you?,” 19:2 (2007), p. 9. King, Greg A. “Telling the truth about Truth,” excuse,” 18:1 (2006), p. 15. Rodríguez, Ángel M. “Should women remain 16:3 (2004), p. 5. ___. “The attitude of Jesus toward women,” 19:2 silent in church?,” 16:1 (2004) p. 29. ___. “The ultimate homecoming,” 19:1 (2007), (2007), p. 14. ___. “Suicide and the Bible,” 16:3 (2004), p. 17. p. 20. Olaore, Israel Bamidele. “Faith step by step: Finding Rolland, Jean-Luc. “A search for identity (Knight),” Koch, Irineo, Fabiana Amaral, and Erton Köhler. God and yourself (Bruinsma),” 20:1 (2008), p. 16:2 (2004), p. 28. “Brazil on the move,” 16:3 (2004), p. 34. 23. Roth, Ariel A. “Science finds God,” 17:2 (2005) Köhler, Erton. “A choice without regret,” 17:3 Oliver, Ansel. “Ganoune Diop,” 20:2 (2008), p. p. 5. (2005), p. 3. 20. ___. “When science rejected God,” 20:3 (2008), Köhler, Erton, Fabiana Amaral, and Irineo Koch. Oliver, Willie and Elaine. “Before you plan your p. 8. “Brazil on the move,” 16:3 (2004), p. 34. wedding,” 19:1 (2007), p. 5. Sabes, Jane. “Is there a role for Adventists in poli- Köhler, Erton. “Students in Chile hold first Oppong, Lydia and Richard Agyemang. “Ghanian tics?,” 18:3 (2006), p. 5. national congress,” 16:3 (2004), p. 35 students try new ways of campus ministry,” 20:2 ___. “Michelle Chin,” 18:2 (2006), p. 20. ___. “University students meet in Ecuador,” 17:2 (2008), p. 31. Sanchez-Sabaté, Rubén. “Adventist students in (2005), p. 20. Ouédraogo, Ben Issouf. “New student association Spain meet for their 23rd annual convention,” Kuntaraf, Jonathan. “Benjamin Gunawan Yonas,” in Burkina Faso,” 17:1 (2005), p. 27. 20:2 (2008), p. 30. 19:1 (2007), p. 18. Pereyra, Mario. “Depression: How to detect and Sanggalan-Doroy, Christy. “Keeping the faith,” Landless, Peter N. “Should I drink wine for my defeat it,” 18:3 (2006), p. 16. 20:2 (2008), p. 29. DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 33 Santana, Heron. “A powerful influence for good,” Virtic, Zvonko. “Lidija Odorcic,” 18:1 (2006), p. Philippines. “AMICUS active in central 17:3 (2005), p. 22. 20. Philippines,” by Kevin Ransom, 16:3 (2004), Santos, Rudislei. “Adventist youth at work at the Vyhmeister, Nancy. “Historical Dictionary of the p. 34. Federal rural University of Rio de Janeiro in Seventh-day Adventists (Land),” 19:2 (2007), p. Portugal. “Creation field conference in Portugal,” Brazil,” 20:1 (2008), p. 31. 22. by Miguel Nunes, 18:3 (2006), p. 28. Schaller de Ponce, María Emilia. “The amazing ___. “Jesus Christ: Myth or history?,” 16:1 (2004), Romania. “Adventists students evangelize in power of God’sw Word,” 17:1 (2005), p. 30. p. 11. Romania,” by Claudiu Popescu, 16:1 (2004), Schwab, Ernest and Leonard Brand. “The rainbow ___. “Lifestyles of the Remnant (Hyden),” 16:1 p. 20. is all in your head,” 18:2 (2006), p. 11. (2004), p. 28. Romania. “Romanian college hosts EUD’s fourth Shantz, Borge. “How to witness to your Muslim ___. “Questions on doctrine (Knight),” 17:3 (2005), international AMICUS congress,” by Cristina friends,” 16:2 (2004), p. 25. p. 30. Neagu, 20:3 (2008), p. 28. Shea, William H. “How reliable is Bible prophecy? Walton, John C. “Intelligent design and its critics,” Spain,. “Adventist students in Spain meet for their The case of Daniel,” 19:1 (2007), p. 8. 18:2 (2006), p. 5. 23rd annual convention,” by Ruben Sanchez- ___. “Searching for the tombs of Noah’s family,” Weismeyer, Richard. “Adventist lifestyle and lon- Sabaté, 20:2 (2008), p. 30. 17:3 (2005), p. 5. gevity,” 18:1 (2006), p. 28. United Kingdom. “In Britain: A conference Shield, Bonita Joyner. “Jonathan Gallagher,” 18:3 Whidden, Woodrow W. “The Trinity: Why is it for scholras seeking faith,” by Karen K. (2006), p. 20. important?,” 16:3 (2004), p.11. Abrahamson, 20:3 (2008), p. 27. Simmons, Ella. “The test,” 18:3 (2006), p. 3. Wohlberg, Steve. “From Hollywood to heaven,” U.S.A. “General Youth Conference motivates Smith, Dan. “A day of delight, a day to remember,” 19:1 (2007), p. 28. young people to spread the Gospel,” by Joelle 19:2 (2007), p. 12. ___. “Harry Potter: Innocent fun or destructive Damsteegt, 19:1 (2007), p. 26. ___. “Ten reasons why I choose to remain an tool?,” 17:1 (2005), p. 9. U.S.A. “Philadelphia Adventist Network,” by Adventist,” 18:3 (2006), p. 24. Wong, Mary H. T. “In God’s good time,” 18:1 Lakisha Hull, 17:2 (2005), p. 20. ___. “What is the purpose of prayer?,” 17:2 (2005) (2006), p. 24. U.S.A.“Where hope happens,” by Dick Duerksen, p. 8. ___. “When all alone I stand (Doward),” 16:1 19:2 (2007), p. 28. Soriano, Alberto. “God’s wonderful providence,” (2004), p. 26. 19:2 (2007), p. 30. Yé, Magloire. “Adventist students active in Burkina Books (by title) Standish, Timothy G. “Beginnings: Are science and Faso,” 19:1 (2007), p. 27. “A search for identity (Knight),” by Jean-Luc Scripture partners in the search for origins? (Brand Zaitsev, Eugene. “Understanding the Eastern Rolland, 16:2 (2004), p. 28. and Jarnes),” 18:3 (2007), p. 30. Orthodox Church,” 20:2 (2008), p. 32. “A strange place for grace: Discovering a loving God ___. “Design in nature: Millennia of arguments,” Zuill, Henry. “Origin by design (Coffin, Brown and in the Old Testament (Dybdahl),” by Bradley A. 20:2 (2008), p. 7. Gibson),” 18:2 (2006), p. 29. Jamison, 20:2 (2008), p. 23. ___. “Twenty years after The blind watchmaker,” ___. “The environment: Should Christians care?,” “Amores que matan (Núñez),” by Fernando Aranda 19:1 (2006), p. 11. 19:1 (2007), p. 14. Fraga, 16:1 (2004), p. 26. Steyn, Delyse. “Neville Clouten,” 17:2 (2005), p. “Beginnings: Are science and Scripture partners in 18, insert. Action Report (by country) the search for origins? (Brand and Jarnes),” by ___. “Screening the screen: media literacy and the Australia. “NASDAS: Adventist students in Timothy G. Standish, 18:3 (2007), p. 11. Christian,” 17:3 (2005), p. 15. Northern Australia,” by Jenny Ludwig, 17:1 “Cristãos em busca do êxtase (Dorneles),” by Sunshine told to Kay D. Rizzo. “God’s sunshine (2005), p. 26. Azenilto G. Brito, 17:1 (2005), p. 28. on stage,” 18:3 (2006), p. 32. Brazil. “A powerful influence for good,” by Heron “Cristología: Descubriendo al Maestro (Núñez),” by Tasker, Carol M. “Finding ‘The One’?,” 20:2 Santana, 17:3 (2005), p. 22. Roberto Badenas, 19:2 (2007), p. 23. (2008), p. 4. Brazil. “Adventist youth at work at the Federal “Daniel: A reader’s guide (Shea),” by Humberto R. Taylor V, John Wesley. “In passion for the world rural University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil,” by Treiyer, 18:2 (2006), p. 28. (Greenleaf),” 18:1 (2006), p. 30. Rudislei Santos, 20:1 (2008), p. 31. “E. J. Waggoner: From the physician of good news to ___. “The truth search: A Christian response,” Brazil. “Brazil on the move,” by Fabiana Amaral, the agent of Division,“ 20:3 (2008), p. 20. 20:2 (2008), p. 11. Irineo Koch, and Erton Köhler. 16:3 (2004), “El culto que agrada a Dios: criterios revelados acerca Thomsen, Calvin. “Six myths of marriage,” 17:2 p. 34. de la adoración (Plenc),” by Enrique Becerra, (2005) p. 10. Brazil. “Students in Brazil meet to learn and 20:2 (2008), p. 23. Thomsen, Ervin K. “How to fear God and be share,” by Charlise Alves, 18:3 (2006), p. 28. “El poder terapéutico del perdón (Pereyra), by Nancy unafraid,” 18:2 (2006), p. 22. Brazil. “University students attend symposium in J. Carbonell, 18:1 (2006), p. 30. Treiyer, Alberto R. “The same story told differ- Brazil,” by Fabiana Amaral, 16:1 (2004), p. 21. “El proceso pedagógico: ¿Agonía o resurgimiento? ently,” 16:2 (2004), p. 22. Burkina Faso. “Adventist students active in (Smith),” by Fernando Aranda Fraga, 17:1 Treiyer, Humberto R. “Daniel: A reader’s guide Burkina Faso,” by Magloire Yé, 19:1 (2007), p. (2005), p. 29. (Shea),” 18:2 (2006), p. 28. 27. “Evidence for creation (Javor),” by Raúl Esperante, Unknown. “A welcoming church?,” 16:1 (2004) Burkina Faso. “New student association in 18:2 (2006), p. 28. p. 25. Burkina Faso,” by Ben Issouf Ouédraogo, 17:1 “Expect great things (O’Ffill),” by Héctor ___. “God always answers prayer,” 19:1 (2007), (2005), p. 27. Hammerly, 16:1 (2004), p. 27. p. 35. Chile. “Students in Chile hold first national con- “Faith step by step: Finding God and yourself ___. “Overcoming the Internet temptations,” 19:2 gress,” by Erton Köhler, 16:3 (2004), p. 35 (Bruinsma),” by Israel Bamidele Olaore, 20:1 (2007), p. 34. Ecuador,. “University students meet in Ecuador,” (2008), p. 23. ___. “The assignment” 17:1 (2005), p. 35. by Erton Köhler 17:2 (2005), p. 20. “Grace at 30,000 feet and other unexpected places ___- “The birdcage,” 16:1 (2004), p. 35. Ghana, “Ghana Adventist students host Bible (Hansen),” by Sylvia Rasi Gregorutti, 16:2 ___. “The portrait,” 18:1 (2006), p. 35. lecture series,” by Erik Adjapong, 18:3 (2006), (2004), p. 29. ___. “The target,” 17:3 (2005), p. 35. p. 29. “Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-day Adventists Vacca, Roberto. “Dora Bognandi,” 17:2 (2005), Ghana. “Ghanian students try new ways of cam- (Land),” by Nancy Vyhmeister, 19:2 (2007), p. p. 16. pus ministry,” by Lydia Oppong, and Richard 22. Valenzuela, Alfonso. “Married but happy,” 16:3 Agyemang. 20:2 (2008), p. 31. “In passion for the world (Greenleaf),” by John (2004), p.14. Italy. “Division-wide AMICUS Congress in Italy,” Wesley Taylor V, 18:1 (2006), p. 30. Van Pelt, Nancy. “Love or infatuation? How to tell by Roberto Badenas, 18:1 (2006), p. 26. “Islam in the post 9/11 world (Schantz),” by Patrick the difference,” 18:2 (2006), p. 8. Mexico. “Committed minds – ready hearts,” by J. Boyle, 16:3 (2004), p. 29. ___. “Marrying a non-Christian?,” 17:2 (2005), Arturo King, and Benjamin Carballo. 17:3 “Knowing God in the real world (Paulien),” by Raúl p. 27. (2005), p. 23. Esperante, 16:3 (2004), p. 28. ___. “What’s this thing called love?,” 18:1 (2006), Philippines. “Adventist students active in the “Lifestyles of the Remnant (Hyden),” by Nancy p. 9. Philippines,” by Redentor A. Feliciano, 17:2 Vyhmeister, 16:1 (2004), p. 28. Viera, Juan Carlos. “Prophets are human (2005), p. 21. “Misión y contextualización: Llevar el mensaje bíblico (Bradford),” 17:2 (2005), p. 30. a un mundo multicultural (Klingbeil),” by Mario

34 DIALOGUE 20•3 2008 Riveros, 18:3 (2006), p. 30. Doward, Jan S. When all alone I stand, 16:1 Shea, William H. Daniel: A reader’s guide, 18:2 “Origin by design (Coffin, Brown and Gibson),” by (2004), p. 26. (2006), p. 28. Henry Zuill, 18:2 (2006), p. 29. Dybdahl, Jon L. A strange place for grace: Smith, René. El proceso pedagógico:¿Agonía o resur- “Prophets are human (Bradford),” by Juan Carlos Discovering a loving God in the Old Testament, gimiento?, 17:1 (2005), p. 29. Viera, 17:2 (2005), p. 30. 20:2 (2008), p. 23. Stefanovic, Ranko. Revelation of Jesus Christ, 17:3 “Questions on doctrine (Knight),” by Nancy Gibson, R. James, Coffin, Harold G., and Brown, (2005), p. 31. Vyhmeister, 17:3 (2005), p. 30. Robert H. Origin by design, 18:2 (2006), p. 29. Tyner, Stuart. Searching for the God of grace, 20:2 “Rainbow over hell: The death-row deliverance of Greenleaf, Floyd. In passion for the world, 18:1 (2008), p. 24. a World War II assassin (Mohri),” by Lisa M. (2006), p. 30. Westacott, Michael and Ashton, John. The big Beardsley, 20:1 (2008), p. 23. Gulley, Norman R. Systematic theology: argument: Does God exist?, 19:1 (2007), p. 32. “Reconciliación: Cómo reparar los vínculos dañados Prolegomena, 17:3 (2005), p. 29. Whidden, Woodraw. E. J. Waggoner: From the phy- (Pereyra),” by Julián Melgosa, 17:1 (2005), p. 28. Hansen, Kent. Grace at 30,000 feet and other unex- sician of good news to the agent of Division, 20:3 “Revelation of Jesus Christ (Stefanovic),” by pected places, 16:2 (2004), p. 29. (2008), p. 20. Gerhard Pfandl, 17:3 (2005), p. 31. Hyden, Keavin. Lifestyles of the Remnant, 16:1 ___. Moon, Jerry, and Reeve, John W., The “Science discovers God: Seven convincing lines of evi- (2004), p. 28. Trinity: Understanding God’s love, His plan of sal- dence for His existence (Roth),” by David Cowles, Jarnes, David C. and Brand, Leonard. Beginnings: vation, and Christian relationships, 17:2 (2005), 20:3 (2008), p. 21. Are science and Scripture partners in the search for p. 30. “Sea feliz: Cómo vencer la depresión y controlar origins?, 18:3 (2007), p. 11. la ansiedad (Pereyra and Mussi),” by Nancy Javor, George. Evidence for creation, 18:2 (2006), Profiles Carbonell, 19:2 (2007), p. 22. p. 28. “Akuno, Emily” by Kibuuka, Hudson E., 18:3 “Searching for the God of grace (Tyner),” by Paul Johnsson, William G. and Ball, Bryan W. The (2006), p. 18. Pichot, 20:2 (2008), p. 24. essential Jesus, 16:2 (2004), p. 28. “Baget, Jordi” by Badenas, Roberto, 19:2 (2007), “Systematic theology: Prolegomena (Gulley),” by Klingbeil, Gerald A. Misión y contextualización: p. 18 and insert. Denis Fortin, 17:3 (2005), p. 29. Llevar el mensaje bíblico a un mundo multicul- “Bilima, Ken E.” by Kibuka, Hudson E., 17:3 “Teaching Literature: A Seventh-day Adventist tural, 18:3 (2006), p. 30. (2005), p. 20. Approach (Davis),” by Wilma McClarty, 16:3 Knight, George R. A search for identity, 16:2 “Bognandi, Dora” by Vacca, Roberto, 17:2 (2005), (2004), p. 28. (2004), p. 28. p. 16. “The battle for the Bible (Marshall),” by Kwabena Knight, George R. Questions on doctrine, 17:3 “Cady, Duane Maynard” by Batten, Nicole, 18:1 Donkor, 17:2 (2005), p. 31. (2005), p. 30. (2006), p. 22. “The big argument: Does God exist? (Ashton and Land, Gary. Historical Dictionary of the Seventh- “Chin, Michelle” by Sabes, Jane, 18:2 (2006), p. Westacott),” by John T. Baldwin, 19:1 (2007), day Adventists, 19:2 (2007), p. 22. 20. p. 32. Laura, Ronald S. and Ashton, John. Uncorked! The “Clouten, Neville” by Steyn, Delyse, 17:2 (2005), “The essential Jesus (Ball and Johnsson),” by hidden hazards of alcohols, 18:1 (2006), p. 31. p. 18, insert. Roberto Badenas, 16:2 (2004), p. 28. Marshall, David. The battle for the Bible, 17:2 “Costa, Romualdo” by Rasi, Humberto M., 16:2 “The soul sleepers (Ball),” by Gerhard Pfandl, 20:2 (2005), p. 31. (2004), p.18 and insert. (2008), p. 22. Mohri, Tsuneyuki. Rainbow over hell: The death- “de León, Daisy” by Jones, Dustin R., 17:1 (2005), “The Trinity: Understanding God’s love, His plan of row deliverance of a World War II assassin, 20:1 p. 18. salvation, and Christian relationships (Whidden, (2008), p. 23. “Diop, Ganoune” by Oliver, Ansel, 20:2 (2008), Moon, and Reeve),” by Aecio Cairus, 17:2 Moon, Jerry, Whidden, Woodraw, and Reeve, p. 20. (2005), p. 30. John W. The Trinity: Understanding God’s love, “Falcó Güell, Rafael” by Badenas, Roberto, 18:2 “Uncorked! The hidden hazards of alcohol (Ashton His plan of salvation, and Christian relationships, (2006), p. 18 and insert. and Laura),” by Peter N. Landless, 18:1 (2006), 17:2 (2005), p. 30. “Finis, Silvia and Arturo” by Mayer, Lorena, 20:3 p. 31. Mussi, Carlos and Pereyra, Mario. Sea feliz: Cómo (2008), p. 18. “Understanding Scripture: An Adventist approach vencer la depresión y controlar la ansiedad, 19:2 “Gallagher, Jonathan” by Shield, Bonita Joyner, (Reid),” by Atilio René Dupertuis, 19:1 (2007), (2007), p. 22. 18:3 (2006), p. 20. p. 32. Núñez, Miguel Ángel. Amores que matan, 16:1 “Hart, Richard” by Jones, Dustin R., 16:1 (2004), “When all alone I stand (Doward),” by Mary H. T. (2004), p. 26. p. 16. Wong, 16:1 (2004), p. 26. Núñez, Miguel Ángel. Cristología: Descubriendo al “Jorge, Jaime” by Batten, Nicole, 17:1 (2005), p. Maestro, 19:2 (2007), p. 23. 20. Books (by author) O’Ffill, Richard W. Expect great things, 16:1 “Kennedy, Elaine” by Ching, Kathy, 16:2 (2004), Ashton, John and Westacott, Michael. The big (2004), p. 27. p. 20. argument: Does God exist?, 19:1 (2007), p. 32. Paulien, Jon. Knowing God in the real world, 16:3 “Matainaho, Fiaia and Teatulohi” by Beardsly, Lisa, Ashton, John and Laura, Ronald S. Uncorked! The (2004), p. 28. 20:3 (2008), p. 15. hidden hazards of alcohols, 18:1 (2006), p. 31. Pereyra, Mario and Mussi Carlos. Sea feliz: Cómo “Michiles, Eunice” by Barbosa, Henrianne, 20:1 Ball, Bryan W. and Johnsson, William G. The vencer la depresión y controlar la ansiedad, 19:2 (2008), p. 20. essential Jesus, 16:2 (2004), p. 28. (2007), p. 22. “Morales Romero, Yolanda” by Maya Montes, Ball, Bryan W. The soul sleepers, 20:2 (2008), p. Pereyra, Mario. El poder terapéutico del perdón, César, 16:3 (2004), p. 18. 22. 18:1 (2006), p. 30. “Neto, Dulce” by Nunes, Miguel, 19:1 (2007), Bradford, Graeme. Prophets are human, 17:2 Pereyra, Mario. Reconciliación: Cómo reparar los p. 16. (2005), p. 30. vínculos dañados, 17:1 (2005), p. 28. “Odoric, Lidija” by Virtic, Zvonko, 18:1 (2006), Brand, Leonard and Jarnes, David C. Beginnings: Plenc, Daniel O. El culto que agrada a Dios: crite- p. 20. Are science and Scripture partners in the search for rios revelados acerca de la adoración, 20:2 (2008), “Paki, Evan Jeremy” by Gallagher, Jonathan, 16:3 origins?, 18:3 (2007), p. 11. p. 23. (2004), p. 20. Brown, Robert H., Coffin, Harold G., and Reeve, John W., Whidden, Woodraw, and Moon. “Philipsen, Birgit” by Luste Maran, Kimberly, 19:2 Gibson, R. James. Origin by design, 18:2 (2006), Jerry, The Trinity: Understanding God’s love, His (2007), p. 16. p. 29. plan of salvation, and Christian relationships, 17:2 “Roslin, Eva-Charlotte” by Andersson, Audrey, Bruinsma, Reinder. Faith step by step: Finding God (2005), p. 30. 17:3 (2005), p. 18. and yourself , 20:1 (2008), p. 23. Reid, George W. Understanding Scripture: An “Sandu, Steliana” by Bocaneanu, Sara, 16:1 (2004), Coffin, Harold G., Brown, Robert H., and Adventist approach, 19:1 (2007), p. 32. p. 14. Gibson, R. James. Origin by design, 18:2 (2006), Roth, Ariel A. Science discovers God: Seven convinc- “Yonas, Benjamin Gunawan” by Kuntaraf, p. 29. ing lines of evidence for His existence, 20:3 (2008), Jonathan, 19:1 (2007), p. 18. Davis, Delmer. Teaching Literature: A Seventh-day p. 21. Adventist Approach, 16:3 (2004), p. 28. Schantz, Borge. Islam in the post 9/11 world, 16:3 Dorneles, Vanderlei. Cristãos em busca do êxtase, (2004), p. 29. 17:1 (2005), p. 28.

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