République De Guinée)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

République De Guinée) En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (Toulouse INP) Discipline ou spécialité : Surfaces Interfaces Continentales Hydrologie Présentée et soutenue par : M. MAMADOU ALPHA SOW le lundi 14 mai 2018 Titre : Hydrologie et géochimie des transports fluviaux dissous et particulaires dans le bassin versant du Milo (République de Guinée) Ecole doctorale : Sciences de l'Univers de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (SDUEE) Unité de recherche : Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. JEAN-LUC PROBST M. KABA SIDIBE Rapporteurs : M. DIDIER ORANGE, IRD MONTPELLIER Mme SOUAD HAIDA, UNIVERSITE IBN TOFAIL M. WOLFGANG LUDWIG, UNIVERSITE DE PERPIGNAN Membre(s) du jury : Mme ANNE PROBST, CNRS TOULOUSE, Président Résumé En Guinée, la disponibilité des ressources en eau est soumise à de graves problèmes de gestion avec des conséquences importantes pour les populations, notamment à Kankan où la plupart des puits tarissent pendant la saison sèche, et où la fourniture régulière de l’eau à partir de la rivière Milo n'est pas assurée dans tous les quartiers de la ville. Le Milo et son bassin versant représente donc un enjeu important pour les habitants de cette ville. Le Milo (480 km de long) qui draine un bassin versant 13 810 km2 est le plus important des affluents rive droite du Niger. Pour évaluer l’impact du bassin versant du Milo et de la ville de Kankan sur la qualité des eaux et des sédiments de ce cours d’eau, 30 échantillons de sédiments de fond ont été prélevés au cours d’une première campagne (juin-juillet 2013) sur l’ensemble des cours d’eau du bassin versant, tandis que durant une deuxième campagne (avril 2014-mai 2015), un suivi régulier a été mis en place sur le Milo en amont et en aval de Kankan. Au cours de cette dernière, 232 échantillons d’eau du Milo (dont 116 utilisés pour l’isotopie), et 26 échantillons de sédiments de fond ont été prélevés sur les stations de Bordo (amont de Kankan) et de Karifamoriah (aval de Kankan). Les concentrations en éléments majeurs et traces, terres rares, COP, COD, pH, alcalinité, l’azote organique, les isotopes de l’oxygène et de l’hydrogène, ainsi que la micro- granulométrie des sédiments ont été mesurés. Les résultats obtenus durant le cycle hydrologique 2014-2015 ont permis d’estimer le flux de matières exportées en solution par le Milo à Kankan à 47 863 t.an-1 et le flux de matières particulaires à 76 759 t.an-1. 92% de ce tonnage est exporté durant la période des hautes eaux. Ces flux permettent d’estimer des vitesses moyennes d’érosion physique (8 t.km-2.an-1) et d’altération chimique (5 t.km- 2 -1 .an ) du bassin relativement faibles. Le flux spécifique de CO2 consommé par l’altération chimique est lui aussi relativement faible (76.103 mole.km-2.an-1), mais il reste dans la moyenne des flux de CO2 mesurés sur les bassins couverts de sols latéritiques. Le degré de contamination des sédiments et sa variation spatio-temporelle ont été évalués grâce au calcul du facteur d’enrichissement (FE), en normalisant les concentrations en éléments traces par rapport à Al, Sc et Ti et en prenant le PAAS et l’UCC comme matériaux de référence. La quasi-totalité des éléments traces proviennent essentiellement des processus d’altération et sont d’origine naturelle. Toutefois, un enrichissement modéré à significatif (5 < FE < 20) a été mis en évidence pour Zr et Hf (enrichissements naturels) et As et Sb (impacts anthropiques). Finalement, l’apport anthropique en éléments traces, quand il existe, reste modéré. Les profils de concentrations en terres rares ont permis de montrer que la signature géochimique des sédiments de fond du Milo est homogène sur l’ensemble du bassin et caractéristique des sols latéritiques, non perturbée par la ville de Kankan et elle est proche des signatures du PAAS et de l’UCC. Pour l’ensemble des éléments traces et des terres rares la contribution anthropique reste faible et les fractions disponibles (phases labiles) sur les sédiments (extraction à l’EDTA) sont également faibles, confirmant ainsi que l’essentiel de ces éléments rentrent principalement dans la composition des phases résiduelles. Mots clés : Transport dissous, érosion chimique, transport de MES, érosion mécanique, sédiments de fond, Milo et affluents, éléments majeurs, traces, terres rares, facteur d’enrichissement, ville de Kankan. i Abstract In Guinea, the availability of water resources is subjected to serious problems of management with important consequences for the populations, particularly in Kankan city where most of the wells dry up during the dry season and where the water supply from the Milo river is not assured for all the districts. Then the Milo river and its watershed represent an important issue for the inhabitants of Kankan. The Milo river (480 km in length) which drains an area of 13 810 km2 is the most important right-bank tributary of the Niger river. To evaluate the impact of the Milo watershed and of the Kankan city on the water and sediments of this river, 30 samples of bottom sediments have been collected during a first campaign (June-July 2013) on the main course from upstream to downstream and on the main tributaries, whereas during a second campaign (April 2014-May 2015) a regular monitoring was set up on the Milo river, upstream and downstream Kankan city. During this campaign, 232 river water samples (of which 116 for isotopic analyses) and 26 bottom sediment samples have been collected at Bordo (upstream) and Karifamoriah (downstream) stations. The concentrations of major and trace elements, rare earth elements, POC and PON, DOC, pH, alkalinity, the isotopic composition of O, H and the micro-granulometry of sediments have been measured. The results obtained during the hydrological cycle 2014-2015 allowed to estimate the fluxes of dissolved (47 863 t.y-1) and particulate (76 759 t.y-1) matters exported by the Milo river at Kankan. 92% of these fluxes are exported during the high flow period. These fluxes allowed us to estimate very low average rates of physical erosion (8 t.km-2.y-1) and chemical weathering (5 t.km-2.y-1) of the Milo catchment. The specific flux of 3 -2 -1 CO2 consumed by chemical weathering (76.10 mole.km .y ) is relatively low but within the range of CO2 fluxes measured in catchments draining lateritic soils. The degree of sediment contamination and its spatio-temporal variation have been assessed using the enrichment factor (EF), by normalizing the trace element concentrations with Al, Sc and Ti and by taking PAAS and UCC as the reference materials. Almost all the trace elements mainly originate from weathering processes and are of natural origin. Nevertheless, moderate to significant enrichments (5 < EF < 20) have been calculated for Zr and Hf (natural enrichments) and As and Sb (anthropogenic impacts). Finally, the anthropogenic contribution of trace elements, when it exists, remains moderate. The rare earth concentration patterns allowed to show the geochemical signature of river bottom sediments is homogeneous within the Milo catchment and characteristic of lateritic soils, non- perturbed by the city of Kankan and close to the PAAS and UCC patterns. For most of the trace and rare earth elements, the anthropogenic contribution remains low and the available fractions (labile phases) in the sediment (EDTA extraction) are also low, confirming that the main part of these elements are mainly in the residual phases. Key words: Dissolved transport, chemical erosion, suspended matter transport, mechanical erosion, bottom sediments, Milo and tributaries, major elements, trace, elements, rare earth elements, enrichment factor, Kankan city. ii TABLE DES MATIERES Remerciements ................................................................................................... vii Liste des abréviations utilisée dans cette étude .............................................. ix Liste des figures .................................................................................................. xi Liste des tableaux ............................................................................................ xvii Introduction générale ........................................................................................... 1 CHAPITRE I : ......................................................................................................... 7 LES BASSINS VERSANTS ET LES TRANSPORTS DISSOUS ET PARTICULAIRES : REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ................................................ 7 I. Notion de bassin versant ............................................................................................ 7 I.1. Bassin versant topographique .............................................................................................. 7 I.2. Bassin versant hydrogéologique .......................................................................................... 7 II. Le comportement hydrologique ................................................................................. 8 III. La matière dissoute dans les rivières ........................................................................ 9 IV. La matière particulaire dans les rivières ..................................................................12 CHAPITRE II ........................................................................................................ 15 MATERIELS et METHODES ............................................................................... 15 I. Contexte juridique .....................................................................................................15
Recommended publications
  • Are the Fouta Djallon Highlands Still the Water Tower of West Africa?
    water Article Are the Fouta Djallon Highlands Still the Water Tower of West Africa? Luc Descroix 1,2,*, Bakary Faty 3, Sylvie Paméla Manga 2,4,5, Ange Bouramanding Diedhiou 6 , Laurent A. Lambert 7 , Safietou Soumaré 2,8,9, Julien Andrieu 1,9, Andrew Ogilvie 10 , Ababacar Fall 8 , Gil Mahé 11 , Fatoumata Binta Sombily Diallo 12, Amirou Diallo 12, Kadiatou Diallo 13, Jean Albergel 14, Bachir Alkali Tanimoun 15, Ilia Amadou 15, Jean-Claude Bader 16, Aliou Barry 17, Ansoumana Bodian 18 , Yves Boulvert 19, Nadine Braquet 20, Jean-Louis Couture 21, Honoré Dacosta 22, Gwenaelle Dejacquelot 23, Mahamadou Diakité 24, Kourahoye Diallo 25, Eugenia Gallese 23, Luc Ferry 20, Lamine Konaté 26, Bernadette Nka Nnomo 27, Jean-Claude Olivry 19, Didier Orange 28 , Yaya Sakho 29, Saly Sambou 22 and Jean-Pierre Vandervaere 30 1 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR PALOC IRD/MNHN/Sorbonne Université, 75231 Paris, France; [email protected] 2 LMI PATEO, UGB, St Louis 46024, Senegal; [email protected] (S.P.M.); [email protected] (S.S.) 3 Direction de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau (DGPRE), Dakar 12500, Senegal; [email protected] 4 Département de Géographie, Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor 27000, Senegal 5 UFR des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Université de Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France 6 Master SPIBES/WABES Project (Centre d’Excellence sur les CC) Bingerville, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire; [email protected] 7 Doha Institute for Graduate Studies,
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Meeting on Ground Larviciding of Blackflies During the Post-Ocp Period
    4 ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN WEST AFRICA Expert Advisory Committee OCPIEACZ2 Twenty-second session OzuGINAL: FRENCH Ouagadougou. 4-8 June 2001 REPORT OF THE MEETING ON GROUND LARVICIDING OF BLACKFLIES DURING THE POST-OCP PERIOD - t I REPORT OF THE MEETING ON GROUND LARVICIDING OF BLACKFLIES DURING THE POST-OCP PERIOD 1. INTRODUCTION The meeting on ground larviciding was held at OCP/Ouagadougou on 22123 March 2001. Participants at the meeting included key technicians of the Programme involved in ground Iarviciding activities, representatives of hydrobiologists, the interim CPET and independent specialists (cf. List of participants in Annex 1 of this report). The objectives of this meeting, which was to ensure the application of recommendations made by EAC 21, were as follows: a) To discuss the efficacy of ground larviciding of blackflies in the post-OCP context; b) To address possible ecological problems relating to such activities; c) To ascertain progress made with respect to feasibility studies on ground treatment in target basins; d) To make concrete proposals for actions, which could re-state the protocols of on- going studies. Discussions centred mainly on the 5 river basins (tributaries of the Oti, Tinkisso, Niger, Mafou and Pru), on which transmission might not have been completely interrupted by 2OO2, but where larviciding will automatically cease due to the end of the Programme. 2. OPENING OF THE MEETING The Director of the Programme, Dr. Boakye A. Boatin, in his welcome address, called on participants to be open-minded during discussions, and to make relevant recommendations for the ground activities to be undertaken. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Upper Niger Basin
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte Physical and chemical weathering rates and CO2 consumption in a tropical lateritic environment: the upper Niger basin Jean-Loup Boeglin a,b,1, Jean-Luc Probst b,) a ORSTOM( Institut FrancËais de Recherche Scientifique pour le DeÂÂÕeloppement en Cooperation) , 213 rue La Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France b Centre de Geochimie de la Surface() CNRSrULP , Ecole et ObserÕatoire des Sciences de la Terre() EOSTrULP , 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Abstract The chemical composition of Niger river water measured bimonthly at BamakoŽ. Mali during the period 1990±1992 provides an estimate of present weathering rates in the upper Niger basin. The dominant weathering process is kaolinite formationŽ. `monosiallitization' . However, seasonal variations promote gibbsite formation in the rainy seasonŽ. September and smectite development in the dry seasonŽ. May . The results show that lateritic profiles continue to develop even during very dry episodes. The rate of profile development, calculated as the difference between the chemical weathering rate at the base of the soil profile and mechanical erosion rate at the soil surface, is about 1.3 to 3.7 mrMyr. A comparison between 43 river basins of the world shows that, for similar runoff, the CO2 flux consumed by silicate weathering is about two times lower in lateritic areas than in nonlateritic zones. Keywords: West Africa; Niger River; Hydrogeochemistry; Laterites; Chemical weathering; Mechanical erosion; Mass balance; CO2 consumption 1. Introduction The chemical composition of river water in unpolluted areas can be considered to be a good indicator of surface weathering processesŽ Garrels and Mackenzie, 1971; Drever, 1982; Meybeck, 1984; Tardy, 1986; Berner and Berner, 1987; Probst, 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (Pdf, 12.14
    INBO 20_Mise en page 1 25/01/12 09:42 Page1 Newsletter 6 th World Water Forum: Come and sign ”the World Pact for better basin management”! th The 6 World Water Forum will take place in Marseilles from 12 to 17 March 2012 at the invitation of the French Government and the World Water Council. It is a major meeting not to be missed! The International Network of Basin Organizations - INBO calls its Members and Observers to get mobilized and come to Marseilles to present their solu- tions, to exchange and discuss in order to develop and improve basin manage- ment and transboundary cooperation in the world. Since the 1990s, management at the level of basins of rivers, lakes or aquifers has experienced a quick development in many countries, which made it the basis of their national legislation or tested it in pilot river basins. The European Water Framework Directive of 2000 imposes, for example, good management of the national or international River Basin Districts to the 27 Member States and the candidate Countries of the European Union. The management of the transboundary basins of the 276 rivers and hundreds of aquifers is taken more and more into account within Commissions, Authorities or International Basin Organizations, which are being created or strengthened on all the continents. Significant progress has been made: basin management works when there is strong willingness of all the stakeholders! The Forum of Marseilles will be the opportunity of reporting on these progresses and presenting our solutions to face the difficulties which remain and to sign ”the World Pact for better Basin Management”.
    [Show full text]
  • AAC Aachen (Prussia), 967 ; Technical Schools, 969 Aalborg (Denmark
    INDEX AAC ADR Aachen (Prussia), 967 ; technical Abyssinia (Ethiopia), communica- schools, 969 tions, 688 Aalborg (Denmark), 838 - defence, 687 Aalesund (Norway), 1150 - emperor, 685 Aarau (Switzerland), 1316 - finance, 687 Aargau (Switzerland), 1313, 1315 - government, 685 Aarhus (Denmark), 838 - justice, 686 Aba (Belg. Congo), 259 - now a sovereign independent Abaco Island (Bahamas), 278 state, 685 Abadan (Persia) (Iran), 1176 - religion and education, 686 Abaiang Island (Pacific), 297 Acajutla (Salvador), port, 1279 Abancay (Peru), 1185 Acarigua (Venezuela), 1356 Abdul Aziz ibn Sa'ud, king of Saudi Acarnania (Greece), 989 Arabia (Saudieh), 701 Accra (Gold Coast), 247 Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, sultan Accrington, population, 15 (Kedah), 193 · Achaia (Greece), 989 Abdullah Ibn Hussein, amir of Achimota Prince of Wales college Trans-Jordan, 206 (Gold Coast), 247 Abdullah, sultan (Pahang), 189 Acholi (Uganda), 218 Abemama Is. (Pacific), 297 Acklin's Island (Bahamas), 279 Abeokuta (Nigeria), 242 Aconcagua (Chile), prov., 773 Abercom (N. Rhodesia), 289 Acre (Palestine), 197, 204; port, Aberdeen, burgh, population, 18 204 - county, 18 Acre Territory (Brazil), 758; rubber, - university, 24 757 Aberdeen (South Dakota), 638 Adamawa (Nigeria), 265 Aberystwyth college, 23 Adana (Turkey), vilayet and town, Abeshr (Wadai), 936 1335, 1836 Abidjan (French West Africa), 949 Addis Ababa (Abyssinia), 686 BIJIJ - wireless station, 951 Adelaide (S. Australia), 393; univ., Abo (Finland), 877 394 Abo-Bjornehorg (Finland), 876 Adelie, Terre, 962 Aboisso (French
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Energy – a Tip of the Iceberg Overview
    AFRICA ENERGY – A TIP OF THE ICEBERG OVERVIEW Sreenivasan Chandrasekhar Thesis for the degree of Licentiate of Science (Technology) Submitted for inspection in Espoo, on October 15th, 2017 Thesis supervisor Professor Pekka Oinas Thesis advisors Docent Markku Hurme, Aalto University Professor Risto Raiko, Tampere University of Technology Aalto University, P.O. BOX, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Abstract of licentiate thesis Author Sreenivasan Chandrasekhar Title of thesis Africa energy – a tip of the iceberg overview Department Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Professorship Plant design Code of professorship KE-107 Thesis supervisor Pekka Oinas Thesis advisor(s) / Thesis examiner(s) Doc. Markku Hurme and prof. Risto Raiko Date 15.10.2017 Number of pages 256 Language English Abstract The status of energy supply and potential for exploitation of energy flows on the African continent in states between the ‘Maghreb’ in the north and borders of Re- public of South Africa is charted out. To facilitate the analysis of the energy situa- tion, the continent is divided into 6 sections and the energy sectors of each coun- try are sub-divided as well: Hydroelectric power, Oil & Gas, Mining, Agriculture, and Renewable energy resources. The first part contains the land facts pertaining to a particular country’s energy situation. The analytical part of the work draws upon data in Land facts section plus some fresh references to trace out the ener- gy belts of the continent and facilitate drawing of the energy maps. Calculations follow to estimate the densities of installed power and power poten- tial vis-à-vis each country’s total area.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Chemical Weathering Rates and CO2 Consumption in A
    i CHEMICAL GEOLOGY INCLUDING ISOTOPE GEOSCIENCE ELSEVIER Chemical Geology 148 (1998) 137-156 Physical and chemical weathering rates and CO, consumption in a tropical lateritic environment: the upper Niger basin ’ Jean-Loup Boeglin Jean-Luc Probst b, * ORSTOM (Institut Franpis de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération), 213 nie La Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France Centre de Géochimie de la Sic$ace (CNRS/ ULP), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST/ ULP), I rire Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Received 23 April 1997; accepted 19 January 1998 Abstract The chemical composition of Niger river water measured bimonthly at Bamako (Mali) during the period 1990-1992 provides an estimate of present weathering rates in the upper Niger basin. The dominant weathering process is kaolinite formaticjn (‘monosiallitization’). However, seasonal variations promote gibbsite formation in the rainy season (September) and smectite development in the dry season (May). The results show that lateritic profiles continue to develop even during very dry episodes. The rate of profile development, calculated as the difference between the chemical weathering rate at the base of the soil profile and mechanical erosion rate at the soil surface, is about 1.3 to 3.7 m/Myr. A comparison between 43 river basins of the world shows that, for similar runoff, the CO, flux consumed by silicate weathering is about two times lower in lateritic areas than in nonlateritic zones. O 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: West Africa; Niger River; Hydrogeochemistry; Laterites; Chemical weathering; Mechanical erosion; Mass balance; CO, consumption 1. Introduction The chemical composition of river water in unpolluted areas can be considered to be a good indicator of surface weathering processes (Garrels and Mackenzie, 1971; Drever, 1982; Meybeck, 1984; Tardy, 1986; Bemer and Bemer, 1987; Probst, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Artisanal (Small-Scale) Fisheries Development Final Report
    No. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, the Republic of Guinea STUDY ON ARTISANAL (SMALL-SCALE) FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT FINAL REPORT (MAIN REPORT) AUGUST, 2003 OVERSEAS AGRO-FISHERIES CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. IC NET LIMITED AFF JR 03-49 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, the Republic of Guinea STUDY ON ARTISANAL (SMALL-SCALE) FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT FINAL REPORT (MAIN REPORT) AUGUST, 2003 OVERSEAS AGRO-FISHERIES CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. IC NET LIMITED PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of the Republic of Guinea, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a development study on artisanal fisheries development and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). In the 2-year period from March 2000 to June 2003, JICA sent to Guinea three times, a study team lead by Mr. Yasuo Ishimoto from Overseas Agro-Fisheries Consultants Co. Ltd.. The team held discussions with concerned officials from the Government of Guinea, and conducted a field study at the study area. After the team returned to Japan, further studies were made, and as a result, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of the friendly relationship between our two countries. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the concerned officials of the Government of the Republic of Guinea for their close cooperation extended to the teams. August, 2003 Takao Kawakami President Japan International Cooperation Agency August, 2003 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Mr. Takao Kawakami President Japan International Cooperation Agency Dear Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Fondation Faune Book Chap I
    ConservationConservation ofof thethe AfricanAfrican LionLion :: ContributionContribution toto aa StatusStatus SurveySurvey September 2002 CONSERVATION FORCE Citation : Chardonnet, Ph. (ed.), 2002. Conservation of the African Lion : Contribution to a Status Survey. International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife, France & Conservation Force, USA. Front cover picture : From an original drawing by Roger Reboussin Back cover picture : Adult male lion paw Available from : International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife 15, rue de Téhéran 75008 Paris - France This survey and publication were made possible through a generous grant from Mr. Steven CHANCELLOR, with the support of Conservation Force and the International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife Copyright : © 2002 International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife CONSERVATION FORCE "From the standpoint of conservation and possible management of the lion no topic has more relevance than population dynamics, yet it was an aspect of the study for which it was difficult to obtain unbiased quantitative information. To estimate accurately the size of the lion population in 25,500 sq. km is a project in itself. Three years of work was clearly not long enough to elucidate such topics as birth patterns and mortality rates, much less to find out general trends in the population. Some of the conclusions in this chapter are therefore tentative rather than final." George Schaller, 1972. The Serengeti Lion. 1 CONTENTS Pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ACRONYMS 4 COMMON NAMES OF LION 5 CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose 9 2. Methodology 10 3. Limitations 19 4. Prospects 21 CHAPTER II - POPULATION SURVEY 1. Continental overview 23 2. Western Africa 36 3. Central Africa 48 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Hotspots in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta II
    Ecological hotspots in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta II. Existing data and information A&W-report 2253b Commissioned by Ecological hotspots in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta II. Existing data and information A&W-report 2253b E. Wymenga M. L. Diawara W. Bijkerk F. Hoekema J. van der Kamp Photograph front page Inner Niger Delta, photo: Leo Zwarts Wymenga, E., M.L. Diawara, W. Bijkerk, F. Hoekema & J. van der Kamp 2017. Ecological hotspots in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta. II. Existing data and information. A&W-report 2253b. Altenburg & Wymenga ecological consultants, Feanwâlden. Commissioned by Wetlands International Mali BP5017 Hamdallaye ACI2000 Rue 392 Face Clinique Kabala Bamako, Mali Telephone 223 20 29 37 82 Realised by Altenburg & Wymenga ecologisch onderzoek bv Suderwei 2 9269 TZ Feanwâlden Telephone +31 511 47 47 64 [email protected] www.altwym.nl © Altenburg & Wymenga ecologisch onderzoek bv. The use of data from this report is permitted with reference to its source. Project number Project leader Status 2541bag Erik Klop Final report Autorization Initials Date approved W. Altenburg 15 December 2017 Kwaliteitscontrole E. Klop A&W-report 2253b Ecological hotspots in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta Content Summary/Résumé 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Ecological Hotspot Analysis 1 1.2 Objectives and outline of this report 2 2 Upper Niger Basin 5 2.1 Protected areas 5 2.2 Vulnerable habitats 15 2.3 Endangered or endemic species – non avian 21 2.4 Vulnerable bird species and bird concentrations
    [Show full text]
  • Austentsetseflies1911.Pdf
    P’REPACE. A PRACTICAL and detailed knowledge of Tsetse-flies is essential for the material progress of a large part of Africa. How large a part is affected by these formidable insect-pests may be estimated by a glance at the Map which appears in this “ Handbook.” In order to settle the grave questions which are connected with the transmission of certain insect-borne diseases, it is not sufficient to know that a giveu insect belongs to the genus * Glosaina-or, in other words, is a Tsetse-fly-but, as indicated by the author in his Introduction, it may be of vital importance to know with certainty the species to which it belongs. ‘I. The study of the Tsetse-flies was greatly advanced by the ,+ appearance of Mr. Austen’s Cc Monograph of the Tsetse-Flies,” c: which was published by order of the Trustees of the British ii Museum in 1903. That work has been out of print for some time, and moreover our knowledge of the genus Glossina has considerably increased, during the interval. The present “ Hand- book,” by the same author, is an attempt to bring the subject up to date ; and it is hoped that it has been drawn up in such a way that, in addition to being a reliable contribution to systematic literature, it will prove useful to medical officers and others engaged in the struggle with disease in Africa. SIDNEY F. H,4RMER, Keeper of Zoology. \ BRITISFE MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), LONDON, S.W. March 18th, 1911. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE . "'111 LIST OF PLATES .
    [Show full text]
  • Aachen (Prussia), 956 ; Technical Schools, 958 Aalborg (Denmark
    INDEX AAC 1EG Aachen (Prussia), 956 ; technical Abyssinia (Ethiopia), communica- schools, 958 tions, 678 Aalborg (Denmark), 826 - defence, 677 Aalesund (Norway), 1139 - emperor, 675 Aarau (Switzerland), 1302 - finance, 676, 677 Aargau (Switzerland), 1299, 1302 - government, 675 Aarhus (Denmark), 826 - justice, 676 Aba (Belg. Congo), 259 - now a sovereign independent Abaco Island (Bahamas), 277 state, 675 Abadan (Persia) (Iran), 1165 - religion and education, 676 Abaiang Island (Pacific), 296 Acajutla (Salvador), port, 1266 Abancay (Peru), 1174 Acarigua (Venezuela), 1342 Abdul Aziz ibn Sa'ud, king of Saudi Acarnania (Greece), 978 Arabia (Saudieh), 691 Accra (Gold Coast), 247 Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, sultan Accrington, population, 15 (Kedah), 192 Achafa (Greece), 978 Abdullah Ibn Hussein, amir of Achimota Prince of Wales college Trans-Jordan, 205 (Gold Coast), 247 Abdullah, sultan (Pahangl, 1es Acholi (Uganda), 213 Abemama Is. (Pacific), 296 Acklin's Island (Bahamas), 277 Abeokuta (Nigeria), 242 Aconcagua (Chile), prov., 760 Abercorn (N. Rhodesia), 238 Acre (Palestine), 197, 204 ; port, 208 Aberdeen, burgh, population, IS Acre Territory (Brazil), 7 41 ; rubber, - county, 18 745 - university, 24 Adana (Turkey), vilayet and town, Aberdeen (South Dakota), 630 1322 Aberystwyth college, 24 Addis Ababa (Abyssinia), 676 sqq Abeshr (Wadai), 926 Adelaide (S. Austl'alia), 390 ; port, Al.Jidjan (French West Africa), 938 393; univ., 391 - wireless station, 940 Adelie, Terre, 951 Abo (Finland), 865 Aden, colony of, 88, 89; protectorate, Abo-Bjorneborg
    [Show full text]