E-255 VOL. 5

Beijing-Zhuhai NationalTrunk Highway Public Disclosure Authorized HunanLinxiang-Changsha Freeway and Linking Roads

-A Report of Investigations and Prospecting

Results of Cultural Relics and the Schedule

for their Archeological Exploration Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Hunan Province Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics Public Disclosure Authorized January,1999 Beljing-ZhuhaiNational Trunk Highway

HunanLinxiang-Changsha Freeway and LinkingRoads

A Reportof Investigationsand Prospecting Resultsof Cultural Relics and the Schedule for their Archeological Exploration

HunanProvince Institute of Archeologyand Cultural Relics January,1999 Contents

I. Foreword...... 1 II. Assessment of investigationsand prospectingresults ..... 3 Ill. Working plan for archeological exploration and budget

Presentation------^o----...... 0 ......

IV. Remarks .-...... 5 Figure1. Locationof Lixiang-Changshaexpress highway Figure2. Regionsof Lixiang-Changshaexpress highway Figure3. Directionsof Lixiang-Changshaexpress highway AttachedTable 1 CulturalRelics along Lixiang-Changsha ExpressHighway I Foreword Lirudang-ChangshaArterial Highway,the Part of Beijing-Zhuzhou Express Highway in Hunan Province starts at Tandu, Unxiang,Hunan(Xindianof Hubei Province),crosses Beijing-Guangzhou railroadand the presentnational highway No 107 at Xin QianzgenPing, then runs alongthe northslope of HongheMountains, passing the south side of Linxiangto meet Toalin railwayprepared specifically for the lead and zinc minesat the Chang'anRiver, going through Taolin Town to enter Lanqiao,YueyangCounty. When it rushes into the Miluo City, it has passed Wujiang,Longwan, crossed the XinqiangRiver at Sangangzui, passedSanhe, Baiyang and gone out of Xiache. It goes on to Dajing, and Gucang, crossingthe Luoshui River and going by the west of Changdongand touches the territoryof Wugongshiof PinjiangCounty via Mishui.Before it reachesits terminalat NiuJiaochong,it passesLishan, Xiangjia,when entering the Countyof Changsha,it goesby Kaihul,Fulin, Guangfu,Tangtian, Ansha, Shuitang,crosses the Laodao River at the west side of the nationalhighway No 107 and reachesNiujiaochong, its termninal,meeting the starting point of Changsha-Xiangtanexpress highway,coveringa distance of 182.779kilometer(see schedules 1, 2, and 3). Highwaysin this part of the region are of low grade, except the nationalhighway No 107 and sectionsof provincialhighways, therefore it is necessaryfor this projectto establishspecial connectionlines to facilitatetraffic. Wherethe connectionlines are short,they are treatedas parts of regionalhighways; while they are long, they shall be designed separately. A surveyof the connectionlines are shownbelow:

Surveyof plannedconnection lines

olames Connectedto Gradeof Length Gradeof Investment Remarks connected connectors (ten thousand

Unxiang NH No107 Gradeli 2915m GradeII 2722.4 To be constructed Kaihui NH No1O7 GradeII 8000m GradeII 3667.3 To be constructed Guangfu NH No107 GradeII 2500m GradeII 864.6 To be constructed Pingjiang NH No107 GradeII 16540m GradeII 6967.6 To be constructed

The trunk highwaysand the connectionlines in this projecttrail down the five counties of Linxiang,Yueyang, Miluo, Pingjiang and Changsha,the topographyof whichis of low hills and valleysby the east side of Lake Dongting. Among them Yueyangfaces the 800 li(one li=500m)of the lake area with Muji mountainson the east, forming a

I corridorconnecting the regionsof Changjiangand Huai Rivers and the interior land of mid-Hunan. This is where ancient culture of China developedvigorously and where various culturesmeet and exchange frequently. So much so that since the founding of the Republic, thousandsof culturalrelics have been excavatedalong the south bankof the ChangjiangRiver and the east side of DongtingLake in Yueyang Region, as well as along Xinqiangheand Miluo Rivers. Among the famousones are Fuzhangyuan,Miluo,an archeologicalsite of Neolithic Age tracing back seven thousandyears from today, and archeological sites of Shang Dunasty,such as Tonggushan,Duimenshan, Feijiahe, Laoyazhouin Yueyang and Chutang,Yusishan,Luoshishan in Miluo. Also, largeancient tombs of Chu Peopleand nativeYue Peopleare found at Chenglingjiin YueyangCity, Gangkouin YueyangCounty, Nanjiang in PingjiangCounty and Luoziguocheng.Apart from this, thousands of piecesof bronzeware of Shangand Zhou Dynasties have been unearthed successivelyduring this century.Therefore, these archeologicalfindings are not only significantin breakingthrough archeological problems but also valuablein definingperiods of time and archeologicalresearches in HunanProvince. Instituteof Archeologyand CulturalRelics, Hunan Province, trusted by HunanAdministrative Bureau of CulturalRelics Affairs, has entered into agreementwith PlanningOffice of HunanTransportation Commission, regarding investigationsand prospectingof cultural relics and the schedulefor their archeologicalexploration along Linxiang-Changsha arterial highwayand its connectionlines, the part of Beijing-Zhuzhou expresshighway in HunanProvince. Underthis agreementand with the supportof PlanningOffice of HunanTransportation Commission and PlanningInstitute of HunanTransportation Commission, our institutewent into a preliminary investigation along Unxiang-ChangshaExpress Highwayfrom May 25, 1996 to June 19 of the same year. The area investigatedincludes 50 meters on each side from the center of the highway(withan averagewidth of 100m) based on the map(10000:1) providedby the Province'sTransportation Planning Institute. As for the landto be usedor its scopewas notincluded in the investigation. Based on the pre-assessmentmade by World Bank of Linxiang- Changshaarterial highway and its connectionlines, the part of Beijing- Zhuzhouexpress highway in HunanProvince, our institutewill take leadin organizing archeologistswith field experiencesfrom departmentsat differentlevels to form five groupsresponsible for differentregions and sections. Investigationsare basicallymade of geographicprospecting. Basedon naturaland sectiontopographic analysis, civilian workers were employedto dig ditchesand to carry out technicalexploration so as to determineareas and cultural accumulations. Onthe whole,the workwas effective. Nevertheless,the shortfallof time made it inevitablefor the

2 negligencealong the long lines and many spots of investigatedarea. Formalexcavations of relics can be based on the focal explorationsof these areas. Statisticsshow that the investigationsof the two times involved350 persontimes and civilianworkers of 1400person days. A reportof the preliminaryinvestigation is as follows: 11. Assessment of investigationsand prospecting results Altogether 29 burial spots were found, of which six were archeologicalsites and three old kilns,and the resttombs(see schedule 1). Of the six archeologicalsites, one was identifiedas from NeolithicAge, two from EastZhou Dynasty,two from Tang and SongDynasties and one belongsto the site of a villageof Ming Dynasty. The six sites cover an area of 66700square meter, with an accumulationof culturalrelics for a thicknessof 0.5- 1.2m. Largequantities of pofferyand chinaware can be found. Much prospectingwork and locatingkey distributionof relics remainsundone. In the site of NeolithicAge, the time is set as 6000 - 5000 years from now. XiangjiangValley and DongtingLake werearcheological sites of this period. Similar findings were made in Qianlianghu,Huarong, Fushangyuan,Miluo and Nantuoof DatuoVillage in Changsha. These discoverieswill undoubtedlyhelp studycultural genealogy and sourcesof theseareas. The East Zhou archeologicalsite has been a concem of archeologicalwork lately, as manyof the thingsexcavated here were used by peopleatthat periodof timein their productionor dailylife. Therefore, they representedthe popularculture of EastZhou Dunasty,providing a new clue to explorecultural exchanges and nationalintegration between Chu and Yue peoples. Archeologicalsites of Tang and Songdynasties covereda large area and presentedmany relics providingwitnesses of ancienttribal culture. Tombsites numberedover twenty, of whicheight were either single tombs or burial places for couples. Heaps of earth still exist with inscriptionson stone-tablets. They were from Qing Dynastyand most probablyof big families,judging from the size of earth heaps. Valuable chinawareor jade ware can be expectedfrom them. Twelvetomb sites elsewherewere mostlywithout heaps. But many piecesof bricks were seen, and some were broken,some hangingfrom broken walls. They belongto Han and Song Dynasties. There were also two tomb groups where the surface of earth was shoveledoff, with tomb pit disclosed. Especiallywas the case for Yanzipo, Dayuan village, Lishan town, PingjiangCounty. Pits here were both narrow and long, a feature of burial of Yue peoplein Spring-AutumnPeriod to Warring-StatePeriod. Excavationof these burialswill certainlyprovide new materialsfor the studiesof Chuand Yue culturesin HunanProvince.

3 Ill. Worikingplan for archeologicalexploration and budget presentation 1. Workingplan for excavation In accordancewith requirements of protectionof culturalrelics and archeologicalexploration, exploration of underground relics is an unexceptionalnecessity, for the true value of relics lies in their assessmentafter their excavation. In view of the fact that archeological sites are too largeto be exploredwith the presentlimited funds, as a rule, 10 per cent of the total area for actuallyexploration complies with the fundamentalrequirements of the work. Ancienttomb burials,however, are to be unearthedwithout exceptions, so are sites of ancient kilns as littlecan be left overanyway. As for. the timetable of exploration,the following is noted: simultaneousarrangements of removal from the highways, where professionalworkers from all overthe provinceare to be gatheredand dividedinto groupsto rushto the rescueof relics. Priorityis to be given to largeror moreimportant sites or tombs. The restwork is to be done in accordance with the plan for the constructionof the highways. Reasonableefforts are to be made so that the dateline due for the constructionof the highwayswill notbe effected. 2. Budgetmaking for the exploration Follow stipulationsin the "Advice of adjustmentof standardsfor chargesconceming Hunan archeological investigation and exploration" issued(1993) by HunanPrice Control Bureau, Financial Commission and CulturalCommission coordinately. Accordingto the 'Advice', theexploration fee of archeologicalsite is 100 yuanper squaremeter, that of kilns 200yuan per squaremeter, while the explorationfee of ancienttombs differs from gradeto grade. Grades of chargesfollowing the differencesof widthsare listedbelow: 1000yuan for one witha widthof 1.5-2.5m; 2400 yuanfor one witha widthof 2.5-3.5m; 4800 yuanfor one witha widthof 3.5-4.5m. In this report,calculations are madefor 2400yuan for one with a widthof 2.5-3.5mas an average,to whichis addeda 20 percentof administrative fee, 10 percent of security expenseand 5 percent of unforeseeable expense. Accordingly,along Linxiang-Changshaexpress highways, the sum for explorationproject, includingwork on 5300 square meters of archeologicalsites, 1000 square meters of kilns, 154tombs, totals: [(5300x100)+(1 000x200)+(154x2400)](1 +35%) = (53+20+36.96)xl35% =148.446(tenthousand yuan) The above amount must be included in the budget making of

4 highwaydesigning departmentin their total investmentinto the highway constructionso that the approvalfrom the higherlevel authoritiescan be available and the departmentin charge of cultural relics can make reasonableendeavors to carry on the protction and rescue of the relevantcultural relics, and the constructionof highwaycan be carriedout smoothly. IV.Remarks 1. Excludedin this reportare requisitionof land,removal, and planningof borrow areas along Unxiang-Changshaarterial highway and its connectionlines, the part of Beijing-Zhuzhouexpress highway in Hunan Province 2. Projectconceming Xiangtan-Leiyang arterial highway and its first-grade connectionline, Hongshi-Hengyang,the part of Berjing-Zhuzhouexpress highwayin HunanProvince will be dealtwith in anotherreport

HunanProvince Institute of Archeologyand CulturalRelics,

June, 1998

Copyto: Planningoffice of HunanTransportation Commission Carboncopy to: NationalControl Bureau of CulturalRelics(for filing) HunanCultural Commission HunanAdministrative Bureau of CulturalRelics Affairs

5 AttachedTable-I Cultural Relics along Llxlang-Changsha

______Ex presawaY _rea Aea of Dynasty Seial Name Location Mils (M) or plannc Remarks No Quany d explore tion

I Dongtuo Dontoug. 0.5m of Shuitianv. K13+S00 8000 800 TaB- aCCUted Yangluosit Song earth Linxianc. _ 2 Loutipang 4 g. 1.2m of linqiao v. K78+900 6500 700 EastZbou accumulated Xinqiang t earth Yueyanc c. 3 Yuquanwan Huangtuling K74+600 10000 500 OSm of Yuquan- Ming acculated wan v. earth Xinqiang t. Yueyang C.

4 Tuanpoli TunPoli9g. K113+400 15000 1500 0.S-0.8m of Tianlingv. EastZhou accumulated Tianjingt earth Miluo c. 5 Lingjialing 8 g. K116+700 7200 800 0.5-0.7m of Shuanghe Neolithic accumulated TaianjingL earth ______Miluo c. 6 Haigongqiao Haigongqiao K114+550 20000 1000 0.3-0.5m of Tianjing L Song accumulated Miluo c. _ _ earth Subtotl ____-___ 66700 5300 - 7 Yaocai Kiln Zhenpingv. K22+950 300 300 Yuan Broken in Wuxing t places Linxiane c. _ _ S Songlin Kiln Tangqiao v. K39+750 400 400 Song Broken in Taolin t. places Linxiane c. 9 Cipoli Kiln Sizhi v. K120+840 300 300 Ming- Broken in Wushit Qing places Pinniiann c. Total 1000 1000 _ 10 Caojiapo Beicaojiadu K2+400 Qing Stone Tablet Tomb Tandu t I 1 Linxiane c. I1I Erfang Tomb Youpu v. K13+100 Qing Stone Tablet Tandu t I I Linxiane c. _ _ 12 Liangjiawan Shuitianv. K18+100- Covered with Graveyard Yanglousi t. K18+300 20 20 Han arth lOim in Linxiangc. diameter 13 Qiaotou Qiaotou v. K22+150 I I Qing Covered with Tomb Wuxing t. earth Sm in Linxiane c._ diamete 14 Chang'an Chang'an v. K36+250 Covered with Tomb Chang'an t 1 I Qing earth 3m in Linxiane c. diameter g. stands for group; v. for village;t for town; c. for county

6 Attached Table-1Cultural Relics along Lidang-Changsha Expresswy Ae Are of Dysty Serial Name Locaion Milestone (M) or plame Remaks No Quantity d

dion

15 Song Tangqiao v. K39+800 I I Song Covered with Tomb Taolin * earth 5m in Lnxiann c. dimee 16 Tangqiao Tangqio v. K40 150- About Tomb Teolin t K4044S0 20 20 Han With brick Linxianz c. chamber 17 Zoujia Tomb Donghu v. K52+950 2 2 Qing Coverd with Changtng t eath 5m in Linxianac. diameter t8 Tangsanzu Tsniav. K0_+660 Covaredwith Tomb TsoDint 1 1 Qing earth 6m in Linxian c. diameter 19 Zhoujiachon Zhoujiachon K62+400 Warring Without gTomb g v. 15 15 State- accumulated Wujiang t WestHan earth Yuevanf c. 20 Dawuwan Gaoqiao v. K81+150- With brick Tomb Xinqiangt K81+350 10 10 Song chamber YuevanRC. 21 Weijia Tomb Geoqiso v. K81+650 Stone tablet Xinqiangt I I Qing 6' year Of Yuevann C. . "Xianfenn" 22 Chenbili Chenbili Ming- Covered with Graveyard Xinqiang L K83+50 4 4 Qing earth, some Yueyang c. 6m in ______diameter 23 Yangmutang Ynjiatang g. With broken Graveyard Baiyang v. K83+650- 10 10 Han-Jin figurd bricks Changhu t K83+800 ______YuevanCC. 24 Shangluotang Sbangluotan With big Gmveyard g K86+600 4 4 Song unfigured Songshanv. broken bricks Changhut I Yuevann c. 25 Liuxingcai Liuxingcai K87+850- With big Graveyard Zhongcunv. K88+60 10 10 Song unfigured Baiyang t broken bricks Yuevan- c. 26 Yinjialong Yinjialong K91+600- Covered with Graveyard Zhaoliv. K91+750 15 15 Song earth Sm in Baiyang L diameter Yueyane c. 27 Lanjiali Lanjiali Covered with Tomb Dajing t. K95+800 2 2 Qing earth Miluo City 6-7m in diameter 28 Zuishangwu Zuishangwu Broken Graveyard Changlet K105+900 10 10 Song terrace, Miluo City broken bricks seen 29 Yanzipo 13 g. K128+600 Spring- Soil and Graveyard Dayuan v. K128+800 25 25 Autumn water loss Lishan t Warring- Some Pingjiang c. state entrances

______seen Total 154 154 seen

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