DOCSLIB.ORG

Margarops Fuscatus) Wayne J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

United States Department of Agriculture Adaptations of an Avian Forest Service Supertramp: Distribution, International Institute of Tropical Forestry Ecology, and Life History of General Technical Report the Pearly-Eyed Thrasher IITF-GTR-27 August 2006 (Margarops fuscatus) Wayne J. Arendt The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all pro- grams.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Author Wayne J. Arendt is a research wildlife biologist, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Sabana Research Field Station, HC 2 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773. Cover photograph: Male pearly-eyed thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) singing from its favorite song perch in an avocado tree. Photo taken by Jerry Bauer in May 2006 from the second-story balcony of the author’s home in Pitahaya Ward in northeastern Puerto Rico. Abstract Arendt, Wayne J. 2006. Adaptations of an avian supertramp: distribution, ecology, and life history of the pearly-eyed thrasher (Margarops fuscatus). Gen. Tech. Rep. 27. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry. 404 p. The pearly-eyed thrasher is a major nest predator and competitor for nest sites of the endangered Puerto Rican Parrot. In all aspects of its distribution and ecology, Margarops fuscatus is a classic example of an avian “supertramp.” It is a pugnacious, highly vagile species, i.e., a good disperser, with a propensity to fill vacant or underexploited niches at all elevations by adopting generalized nesting and foraging strategies, as well as a varied diet. Having evolved superior coloniz- ing traits at the expense of strong competitive characters, it is confined to about 80 generally small, often disturbed, species-poor islands and habitats throughout the Caribbean. The pearly-eye’s future depends on its ability to adapt to the ever- changing conditions in the region’s natural and anthropogenic environments. Keywords: Amazona vittata, life history, Margarops fuscatus, pearly-eyed thrasher, Puerto Rican parrot, supertramp. Preface This volume attempts to explain the current distribution of West Indian birds from an ecological perspective rather than from a physical or geological stand- point. Its primary objective is to present to the reader, for the first time, indepth information on the life history of a unique and widely distributed Caribbean mimid, one which exemplifies many of the ecological and reproductive traits recognized more than three decades ago by the human physiologist and avian ecologist Dr. Jared M. Diamond of the University of California in Los Angeles. Contents 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Study Area and Methods 3 Nest-Box Study 6 Natural Habitat Disturbances 9 The Effects of Dipteran Ectoparasitism 18 Supplemental Nest Sites and Thrasher Densities 20 Effects of Artificial Nest Sites (Boxes) on Study Results 22 Lack of Experimentation in This Study 23 Banding 23 Statistical Analyses and Graphics Software Programs 27 Chapter-Specific Information 34 Distribution of West Indian Landbirds 34 Subjectivity of West Indian Avifaunal Analyses 35 Chapter 2: Supertramps in the West Indian Avifauna 35 What Is an Avian Supertramp? 36 Incidence Functions 36 Intertaxonomic Analogues of Avian Tramps 37 Species-Area Curves and Incidence Functions of West Indian Birds 37 Comparison of Pacific and Caribbean Island Landbirds 41 Species-Specific Incidence Functions 42 Competitors Versus Colonizers Among Taxonomic Groups 48 The Pearly-Eyed Thrasher as a Classic Supertramp 50 Tramp Species Research 50 Summary: Supertramps in the West Indian Avifauna 51 Chapter 3: Origins, Classification, and Taxonomy 51 Colonization and Dispersal of West Indian Fauna 52 History of Classification, Affiliations, and Distribution of the Mimidae 53 Origin of the Genus Margarops 55 Taxonomy of the Genus Margarops 55 Pearly-Eyed Thrasher 57 Scaly-Breasted Thrasher 61 Summary: Origins, Classification, and Taxonomy 63 Chapter 4: Distribution and Abundance 63 Current Range 64 Historical Range 66 Range Contractions 67 Range Expansions 67 Bahamian Archipelago 68 Puerto Rico 69 Montserrat 69 Bonaire 73 History of Regional Abundance 73 Virgin Islands 74 Sombrero Island and Anguilla 74 Netherlands Antilles 75 St. Kitts and Nevis 75 Need for More Standardized Census Methods 75 Comparisons of Regional Abundance 75 Mist Netting 78 Variable-Width Line Transects 80 Point Counts 83 Density Compensation in Mona Island Birds 89 Extreme Temporal Fluctuations in Mona Island’s Thrasher Population 89 Seasonal Fluctuations in Mona Island’s Thrasher Population 91 Environmental Factors Influencing Range and Abundance 91 Climate 92 Habitat Destruction 93 Hunting 94 Ecological Correlates of Range and Abundance 94 Evaluation of Ecological Correlates Via Categorical Modeling 95 Island Size 95 Number of Species 98 Geographical Distribution of the Red-Legged Thrush 100 Island Size 101 Number of Species 101 Thrasher-Thrush Distribution Analysis 103 Competition Within West Indian Bird Communities 104 Summary: Distribution and Abundance 107 Chapter 5: Morphology 107 Statistical Analyses 108 Sources of Intraspecific Variation in Avian Body Size 108 Geographic Effects 110 Latitudinal Effects (Museum Specimens) 111 Landmass and Elevational Effects (Field Measurements) 112 Climatic Effects 114 Effects of Dispersal on Local Body Size 114 Effects of Investigator Bias, Genes, Age, Gender, and Season 124 Extent of Regional Sexual Dimorphism 132 Terrestrial Vs. Arboreal Adaptations (Museum Specimens) 134 Sources of Interspecific Variation in Avian Body Size 134 Effects of Competition on Body Size 135 Potential for Intrageneric Competition 136 Combination of Uni- and Multivariate Analyses (Museum Specimens) 139 Combination of Uni- and Multivariate Analyses (Field Measurements) 140 Intergeneric Competition 143 Conclusion 143 Summary: Morphology 145 Chapter 6: Survival and Dispersal 145 Annual Survival Rates (Rain-Forest Population) 146 Effects of a Major Habitat Disturbance on Adult Annual Survival 148 Effects of Dipteran Ectoparasitism on Adult Survival 151 Annual Survival Rates (Dry-Forest Population) 152 Annual Survival of North Temperate Vs. Tropical Birds 152 Pearly-Eyed Thrasher Longevity 152 Rain-Forest Population 153 Dry-Forest Population 154 Pearly-Eyed Thrasher Longevity Compared to Other Landbirds 156 Dispersal 158 Short-Range Natal Dispersal Within the Sierra de Luquillo 164 Factors Affecting Natal Dispersers Within the Sierra de Luquillo 171 Short-Range Natal Dispersal Within Puerto Rico 171 Long-Range Natal Dispersal Among Islands 172 Homing Experiments on Adult Males 174 Conclusions 175 Summary: Survival and Dispersal 177 Chapter 7: Reproduction 177 Return Rates of Resident Breeders 180 Nest-Site Persistence and Mate Fidelity 182 Pair Bonding and Survival Rates 182 Number of Mates 183 Courtship Behavior 184 Cuckoldry and Egg “Dumping” 185 Comparison of Survival, Nest-Site, and Mate Fidelity With Other Species 186 Reproductive Dispersal 187 Males Changing Nest Boxes 190 Females Changing Nest Boxes 190 Prehurricane Disturbance Nest-Box Changes 190 Propensity for Posthurricane Nest-Box Changes 193 Interseasonal Nest-Box Changes 193 Early-Season Final Nestings in Original Boxes 193 Late-Season Final Nestings in Original Boxes 194 Interseasonal Reproductive Success of First Nestings in Postmove Boxes 195 Intraseasonal Nest-Box Changes 195 Intraseasonal Reproductive Success of First Nestings in Postmove Boxes 196 Phenology of Reproduction 196 Length of Breeding Seasons 199 Length of Nonbreeding Seasons 199 Incubation Period in Relation to Adult Body Mass 200 Number and Timing of Clutches and Egg Deposition Dates 209 Age of Female Breeders and the Onset of Egg Laying 210 Reproductive Recycling 210 Comparison of Clutch Types 212 Temporal Aspects of Recycling (Clutch to Clutch) 214 Temporal Aspects of Recycling (Interclutch Recovery Period) 219 Extremities in Interclutch Recovery Periods 221 Females Recycling in Fewer Than Two Weeks 223 Females Recycling in Less Than a Week 223 Annual Reproductive Success and Influential Factors 224 Reproductive Yield 229 Egg Mortality 232 Nestling Mortality and Number of Fledglings 235 Egg Deposition Strategy and Reproductive Response to Hurricane Hugo 238 Lifetime Reproductive Success
Recommended publications
  • Hermit Thrush (<Em>Catharus Guttatus</Em>) and Veery (<Em>C

    Hermit Thrush (<Em>Catharus Guttatus</Em>) and Veery (<Em>C

    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2010 Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Veery (C. fuscescens) Breeding Habitat Associations in Southern Appalachian High-Elevation Forests. Andrew J. Laughlin East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Laughlin, Andrew J., "Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Veery (C. fuscescens) Breeding Habitat Associations in Southern Appalachian High-Elevation Forests." (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1695. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1695 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Veery (C. fuscescens) Breeding Habitat Associations in Southern Appalachian High-Elevation Forests __________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree Masters of Science in Biological Sciences _________________ by Andrew J. Laughlin May 2010 __________________ Dr. Fred J. Alsop III, Chair Dr. Istvan Karsai Dr. Thomas F. Laughlin Keywords: Birds, Habitat Partitioning, Principal Components Analysis ABSTRACT Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Veery (C. fuscescens) Breeding Habitat Associations in Southern Appalachian High-Elevation Forests by Andrew J. Laughlin The Hermit Thrush is a new breeding bird in the Southern Appalachian high-elevation mountains, having expanded its range southward over the last few decades.
  • Fitness Costs and Benefits of Egg Ejection by Gray Catbirds

    Fitness Costs and Benefits of Egg Ejection by Gray Catbirds

    FITNESS COSTS AND BENEFITS OF EGG EJECTION BY GRAY CATBIRDS BY JANICE C. LORENZANA Ajhesis presented to the University of Manitoba in fulfillment of the thesis requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Zoology Winnipeg, Manitoba Janice C. Lorenzana (C) April 1999 National Library Bibfiot hèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395,rue Wellington Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Onawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your ble Vorre derence Our fi& Narre fetefmce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforni. vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fi-orn it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Canada THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STZTDIES ***** COPYRIGEIT PERMISSION PAGE Fitness Costs and Benefits of Egg Ejection by Gray Catbirds BY Janice C. Lorenzana A Thesis/Practicurn submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial Mfiilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Permission has been granted to the Library of The University of Manitoba to lend QB sell copies of this thesis/practicum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or seli copies of the film, and to Dissertations Abstracts International to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum.
  • New Species Accepted –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Swinhoe’S Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma Monorhis )

    New Species Accepted –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Swinhoe’S Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma Monorhis )

    his is the 20th published report of the ABA Checklist Committee (hereafter, TCLC), covering the period July 2008– July 2009. There were no changes to commit - tee membership since our previous report (Pranty et al. 2008). Kevin Zimmer has been elected to serve his second term (to expire at the end of 2012), and Bill Pranty has been reelected to serve as Chair for a fourth year. During the preceding 13 months, the CLC final - ized votes on five species. Four species were accepted and added to the ABA Checklist , while one species was removed. The number of accepted species on the ABA Checklist is increased to 960. In January 2009, the seventh edition of the ABA Checklist (Pranty et al. 2009) was published. Each species is numbered from 1 (Black-bellied Whistling-Duck) to 957 (Eurasian Tree Sparrow); ancillary numbers will be inserted for all new species, and these numbers will be included in our annual reports. Production of the seventh edi - tion of the ABA Checklist occupied much of Pranty’s and Dunn’s time during the period, and this com - mitment helps to explain the relative paucity of votes during 2008–2009 compared to our other recent an - nual reports. New Species Accepted –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma monorhis ). ABA CLC Record #2009-02. One individual, thought to be a juvenile in slightly worn plumage, in the At - lantic Ocean at 3 4°5 7’ N, 7 5°0 5’ W, approximately 65 kilometers east-southeast of Hatteras Inlet, Cape Hat - teras, North Carolina on 2 June 2008.
  • Biological Technical Report for the Nichols Mine Project

    Biological Technical Report for the Nichols Mine Project

    Biological Technical Report for the Nichols Mine Project June 8, 2016 Prepared for: Nichols Road Partners, LLC P.O. Box 77850 Corona, CA 92877 Prepared by: Alden Environmental, Inc. 3245 University Avenue, #1188 San Diego, CA 92104 Nichols Road Mine Project Biological Technical Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Location ..................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Description ..............................................................................................1 2.0 METHODS & SURVEY LIMITATIONS .................................................................1 2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................1 2.2 Biological Surveys ..............................................................................................2 2.2.1 Vegetation Mapping..................................................................................3 2.2.2 Jurisdictional Delineations of Waters of U.S. and Waters of the State ....4 2.2.3 Sensitive Species Surveys .........................................................................4 2.2.4 Survey Limitations ....................................................................................5 2.2.5 Nomenclature ............................................................................................5 3.0 REGULATORY
  • Biogeography and Biotic Assembly of Indo-Pacific Corvoid Passerine Birds

    Biogeography and Biotic Assembly of Indo-Pacific Corvoid Passerine Birds

    ES48CH11-Jonsson ARI 9 October 2017 7:38 Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Biogeography and Biotic Assembly of Indo-Pacific Corvoid Passerine Birds Knud Andreas Jønsson,1 Michael Krabbe Borregaard,1 Daniel Wisbech Carstensen,1 Louis A. Hansen,1 Jonathan D. Kennedy,1 Antonin Machac,1 Petter Zahl Marki,1,2 Jon Fjeldsa˚,1 and Carsten Rahbek1,3 1Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway 3Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2017. 48:231–53 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on Corvides, diversity assembly, evolution, island biogeography, Wallacea August 11, 2017 The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Abstract Systematics is online at ecolsys.annualreviews.org The archipelagos that form the transition between Asia and Australia were https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316- immortalized by Alfred Russel Wallace’s observations on the connections 022813 between geography and animal distributions, which he summarized in Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. what became the first major modern biogeographic synthesis. Wallace All rights reserved traveled the island region for eight years, during which he noted the marked Access provided by Copenhagen University on 11/19/17. For personal use only. faunal discontinuity across what has later become known as Wallace’s Line. Wallace was intrigued by the bewildering diversity and distribution of Annu.
  • Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii

    Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii

    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2.
  • TCI: Facts, Details and More Reasons to Visit

    TCI: Facts, Details and More Reasons to Visit

    TURKS and CAICOS ISLANDS Parrot Cay Atlantic Ocean Pine Cay Caicos Little Water Cay Passage NORTH CAICOS PROVIDENCIALES MIDDLE West Caicos CAICOS EAST CAICOS Turks CAICOS ISLANDS Island Passage FRENCH SOUTH CAY CAICOS GRAND TURK Long Cay East Cay Cotton Cay SALT CAY Ambegris Cay TURKS ISLANDS The Turks and Caicos Islands. Facts, details and more reasons to visit Geography Where are we, exactly? And why is our name plural? Nine islands are inhabited and separated into two The Turks and Caicos Islands is a British Overseas island groups: Territory, that’s located in the Atlantic Ocean and considered a part of the Caribbean region. The Turks Islands of Grand Turk and Salt The Head of State is the Queen of the UK and we Cay, that are to the east benefit from their military and economic support. The Caicos Islands Ambergris Cay, South Our more than 40 small islands and cays are Caicos, Middle Caicos, North Caicos, encircled and protected by a barrier reef who’s Pine Cay, Parrot Cay and of course, wall drops dramatically, from 40 to 8,000 feet, Providenciales, to the west. making it like an underwater fortress protecting the islands from the powerful Atlantic Ocean waves. The islands are home to over 34,000 full time This unique geography is directly responsible for residents of which 75% live on Providenciales. TCI’s beautiful beaches and calm, warm water. This brings us to the next question: Why is Providenciales so popular and why was it chosen the best vacation island in the world? www.whitevillas.net 3 649 345-3179 | 514 574-5272 The Turks and Caicos Islands.
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
  • Dolerites of Svalbard, North-West Barents Sea Shelf: Age, Tectonic Setting and Significance for Geotectonic Interpretation of Th

    Dolerites of Svalbard, North-West Barents Sea Shelf: Age, Tectonic Setting and Significance for Geotectonic Interpretation of Th

    RESEARCH/REVIEW ARTICLE Dolerites of Svalbard, north-west Barents Sea Shelf: age, tectonic setting and significance for geotectonic interpretation of the High-Arctic Large Igneous Province Krzysztof Nejbert1, Krzysztof P. Krajewski2, Elz˙bieta Dubin´ ska1 & Zolta´ nPe´ cskay3 1 Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Warsaw, Al. Z˙ wirki i Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland 2 Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Warsaw, ul. Twarda 51/55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland 3 Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem te´ r 18/c, HU-4026 Debrecen, Hungary Keywords Abstract Dolerite; geochemistry; petrogenesis; KÁAr whole rock ages; Svalbard; Cretaceous. The dolerites of Svalbard are mineralogically and geochemically homogeneous with geochemical features typical of continental within-plate tholeiites. Their Correspondence geochemistry is similar to tholeiites belonging to a bimodal suite defined as the Krzysztof P. Krajewski, Institute of Geologi- High-Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). KÁAr dating of numerous cal Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, dolerites sampled from many locations across Svalbard define a narrow time Research Centre in Warsaw, ul. Twarda 51/ span of this magmatism from 125.593.6 to 78.392.6 Mya. Discrete peaks of 55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] intensive activity occurred at 115.3, 100.8, 91.3 and 78.5 Mya corresponding to (1) breakup of the continental crust and formation of an initial rift as a result of mantle plume activity, located in the southern part of the Alpha Ridge; (2) magmatic activity related to spreading along the Alpha Ridge that led to the development of the initial oceanic crust and (3) continuation of spreading along the Alpha Ridge and termination of magmatic activity related to HALIP (last two peaks at 91.3 and 78.5 Mya).
  • Avian Comparisons Between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes Final Report 2001-2004

    Avian Comparisons Between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes Final Report 2001-2004

    Avian Comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes Final Report 2001-2004 Mary Paul, Cairn Krafft, and Dick Hammerschlag musGs science for a changing world 1 CONTRIBUTORS MaryM. Paul USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Beltsville Lab, BARC-East 308 (301) 497-5725 [email protected] Cairn C. Krafft USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Beltsville Lab, BARC-East 308 (301) 497-5546 [email protected] Richard S. Hammerschlag USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Beltsville Lab, BARC-East 308 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705 (301) 497-5555 [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover page ................................................................................................. 1 Contributors ................................................................................................ 2 Table of Contents ...................................................................................... 3 Abstract .............................................................................................. 4 Introduction... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Methods........................................................................................... 7 Results .............................................................................................. 9 Discussion ............................................... ·..................... : ................ 24 Conclusions . .................................... .. .. .. .. ... 27 References ......................................................................................
  • S Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Tourist Board, That Rats Rattus Spp

    S Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Tourist Board, That Rats Rattus Spp

    Important Bird Areas in the Caribbean – Montserrat ■ MONTSERRAT LAND AREA 102 km2 ALTITUDE 0–914 m HUMAN POPULATION 4,819 CAPITAL Plymouth (defunct due to volcanic eruption) IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS 3, totalling 16.5 km2 IMPORTANT BIRD AREA PROTECTION 48% BIRD SPECIES 101 THREATENED BIRDS 2 RESTRICTED-RANGE BIRDS 12 GEOFF HILTON (ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIRDS), LLOYD MARTIN AND JAMES ‘SCRIBER’ DALY (DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MONTSERRAT) AND RICHARD ALLCORN (FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL) The endemic Montserrat Oriole lost 60% of its forest habitat during the eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano. (PHOTO: JAMES MORGAN/DWCT) INTRODUCTION in the lowlands, through semi-deciduous and evergreen wet forest in the hills, to montane elfin forest on the highest peaks. Montserrat is a UK Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands There are small areas of littoral woodland, and in the driest towards the northern end of the Lesser Antilles, just 40 km areas of the lowlands, the vegetation is xerophytic scrub, with south-west of Antigua and between the islands of Nevis and numerous cacti. All but a few small forest patches were Guadeloupe. The island is about 16 km long and 11 km wide, apparently cleared during the plantation era, and the bulk of and its volcanic origins are reflected in an extremely rugged the remaining forest is therefore secondary. In the Centre topography. There are three major volcanic hill ranges—the Hills, the largest remaining forest block, native trees are mixed Soufriere and South Soufriere Hills, the Centre Hills, and the with numerous large, non-native fruit trees—remnants of Silver Hills.
  • General Guide to the Science and Cosmos Museum

    General Guide to the Science and Cosmos Museum

    General guide to the Science and Cosmos Museum 1 Background: “Tenerife monts” and “Pico” near of Plato crater in the Moon PLANTA TERRAZA Terrace Floor 5 i 2 1 4 6 3 ASCENSOR 4 RELOJ DE SOL ECUATORIAL Elevator Analemmatic sundial i INFORMACIÓN 5 BUSTO PARLANTE Information “AGUSTÍN DE BETANCOURT” Agustín de Betancourt 1 PLAZA “AGUSTÍN DE talking bust BETANCOURT” Agustín de Betancourt 6 ZONA WI-FI Square Wi-Fi zone 2 ANTENA DE RADIOASTRONOMÍA Radioastronomy antenna 3 TELESCOPIO Telescope PLANTA BAJA Ground Floor WC 10 9 8 11 7 1 6 5 4 12 2 3 ASCENSOR Cosmos Lab - Creative Elevator Laboratory 1 EXPOSICIÓN 7 PLANETARIO Exhibition Planetarium 2 TALLER DE DIDÁCTICA 8 SALIDA DE EMERGENCIA Didactic Workshop Emergency exit 3 EFECTOS ÓPTICOS 9 MICROCOSMOS Optical illusions 10 SALÓN DE ACTOS 4 SALA CROMA KEY Assembly hall Chroma Key room 11 EXPOSICIONES TEMPORALES 5 LABERINTO DE ESPEJOS Temporary exhibitions Mirror Labyrinth 12 ZONA DE DESCANSO 6 COSMOS LAB - LABORATORIO Rest zone CREATIVO CONTENIDOS Contents 7 LA TIERRA The Earth 23 EL SOL The Sun 33 EL UNIVERSO The Universe 45 CÓMO FUNCIONA How does it work 72 EL CUERPO HUMANO The human body 5 ¿POR QUÉ PIRÁMIDES? Why pyramids? 1 Sacred places have often been con- ceived of as elevated spaces that draw the believer closer to the divi- nity. For this reason, once architec- tural techniques became sufficiently refined, mosques or cathedrals rai- sed their vaults, minarets, towers and spires to the sky. However, for thousands of years, the formula fa- voured by almost every culture was the pyramid.