And 3.5Ghz Small Cell CBS Band)

Small Cell Technology Overview ( and 3.5GHz Small Cell CBS Band)

Milind Buddhikot, Rob Soni March 13, 2013

1 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Bandwidth Hungry Applications will Continue the Wireless Data Explosion

Pbytes/Month 16000 Smartphone Device Profile Worldwide Aggregate

3,500 14000 Mobile Traffic 3,000 12000 25x growth 2,500 10000 over 5 years! 2,000 8000

1,500 6000

Mbps / month/ user 1,000 4000

2000 500

0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20111 20122 20133 20144 20155 20166 All video P2P Messaging/voice Gaming Web browsing Audio streaming Downloads/uploads 4x growth per user/month & 25x growth in aggregate wireless data traffic over 5 years

Goal: Improving capacity to support high QoE and lowering cost Source: Bell Labs modeling and forecasts

2 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Options for increasing Wireless Capacity & Spectral Efficiency

Focus of this talk Downlink Comparison

AAA Carrier MIMO Metrocells/ Centralized Cell Split Add Carriers eICIC CoMP or Aggregation HetNet Baseband (4Tx) 6 Sector 1.4x to 2x for ~1.25x gain <1.1x gain Gain = N Requires <1.2x gain under <1.2x gain certain Large gains for Expensive on top of through Rel- (number of Spectrum load under load deployment stadiums, venues HetNet 11 metros per eNB) scenarios

Solving the equation requires AAA, Metro Cells/HetNets and Centralized Baseband The Essence of Alcatel-Lucent lightRadio

3 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Solving the 25x Capacity Problem Advanced Antennas

INCREMENTAL CAPACITY OPTIONS

Small Cells

LTE-A AAA Wi-Fi LTE SmallCells LTE

SMALL CELLS ARE NOW CRITICAL FOR ADDRESSING WIRELESS DATA

4 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Small Cells: Indoor, Outdoor – Anywhere? Better coverage, capacity and customer experience Support new devices and services Private vs. Public small cells

Home Cell 3G/4G Macro 3G/4G Macro Distributed Antenna

Enterprise Femto Metro Cell

WIFI Hotspots

Enterprise Femto

5 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION ALCATEL-LUCENT METRO CELL PORTFOLIO

METRO CELL METRO CELL METRO CELL METRO CELL OUTDOOR (MCO) METRO RADIO INDOOR V2 OUTDOOR V2 INDOOR (MCI) OUTDOOR (MRO)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

W-CDMA W-CDMA LTE W-CDMA Multi-standard LTE LTE LTE

250mW 250mW 2 x 250 mW 1W 3x1W 2x1W 2x5W 2 x 1W (B13) All-in-one All-in-one All-in-one All-in-one All-in-One All-in-one All-in-one 2 x 5W (B38) Cube-based Cube-based Cube-based Cube-based Distributed BBU Wi-FI AP option Wi-Fi AP option Wi-Fi AP option Cube-based

Available in Available in Avail Date: Avail Date: Avail Date: Avail Date: Avail Date: Avail Date: 850 MHz 850 MHz Jun 2013 (B25) Mar 2013 (B1) Sept 2013 (B2) Mar 2013 (B25) Mar 2013 (B13) Now (B13) 1900 MHz 1900 MHz Mar 2013 (B2) Sept 2013 (B2/B7) Sept 2013 (B17) Sept 2013 (B38) 2100 MHz

Common Wi-FI AP Common Metro Dock Sept 2013 GE= Now GPON = Q3 2013

COVERING MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES AND DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS LTE METRO CELLS – WHERE TO USE THEM

PRODUCT METRO CELL METRO CELL METRO CELL METRO RADIO INDOOR LTE OUTDOOR LTE OUTDOOR LTE OUTDOOR LTE

POWER 2 X 250 mW 2 x 1 W 2 x 5 W 2 x 1 W

MAX ACTIVE USERS 64 64 200 ∼ 200

USE CASES INDOOR HOTSPOTS OUTDOOR HOTSPOTS MACRO EXTENSION LARGE PUBLIC VENUES INDOOR HOTSPOTS FROM LARGE PUBLIC VENUES OUTDOORS RURAL AREAS COVERAGE HOLE-FILL lightRadio™ Family Concept

WCDMA (IuH architecture) LTE (eNodeB architecture) RF Module Up to 5W EIRP Directional Antennas Multiple band classes (w/ lightRadio cube)

Integrated Access Points Carrier-Grade Backhaul Wi-Fi Including Daisy Chaining power

GE GPON Wi-Fi Daisy chaining (cabled or Wi-Fi) MetroDock Small Cell Router – for metro aggregation PoE+ injector NLOS LOS microwave backhaul LightRadio™ Wi-Fi AP module Dual-Band Dual-Concurrent Wi-Fi access point

- Supports carrier grade Wi-Fi (Hotspot 2.0) - Simultaneous support of 2.4 / 5 GHz dual-band (802.11 b/g/n, 802.11a/n) - output power for 2.4GHz and for 5GHz - up to 28dBm with integrated low-gain antennas - up to 32dBm with integrated high-gain antennas - 20/40 MHz bandwidth - 16 SSIDs (8 per frequency band) - High capacity, up to 256 connected users - Integrated directive antennas optimized for 2x2 MIMO - Backhauled and powered via Metro Cell Outdoor MCO WI-FI AP Module module - Passive cooling - Seamless Wi-Fi / Cellular experience)

FRONT BACK

9 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION LTE Carrier Aggregation (CA) Readiness

MCO LTE 2x1W MCO v1.1 LTE module can be operated MCOs in 13.3: - as MCO using local modem - as RRH connected to an external modem B4 (AWS) B25 (PCS+ext)

f1 f2 f1 f2 Typical application: enablement of CA R R R R - initial deployment all-in-one using on- M M M M box modem - re-configuration into RRH for CA GE GE CPRI GE operation f1 Other application: enablement of BBU centralized R operation M - to benefit from Rel11+ COMP and other high capacity features CPRI Deployment of Small Cells: Shared Carrier Deployment Planned vs. Uniform Shared Carrier: Same carrier channel used in macro and small cells leading to interference interactions Field studies show traffic in macro cells is • Small cell effectiveness depends upon three • key hotspot characteristics: often spatially clustered • Distance from macro – greater the distance, - Placing the metro cells within the hotspot results in more effective small cells are high amount of traffic offload and large • Amount of traffic in each hotspot – the throughput gains greater, the better • Number of hotspots – too few will not allow - ~50% macro cells are amenable to >50% much offloading, too many will result in inter- offload with Metros Metro interference - ~25% cells allow 25%-50% offload

Shared Carrier approach provides Lower Economic Return, But Still 30 - 35% of Traffic Is Offloaded • Offers effective capacity and coverage for some use cases (indoor locations, etc.) • Only option for operators with low-spectrum holdings

11 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Metro Cell Coverage Area in a Shared Carrier Deployment

Field results and simulation data show all locations are not suitable for metro cells: When the macro signal is very strong at a particular site, it causes two issues: - Shrinks metro cell coverage footprint  inefficient at macro offloading traffic

- High uplink noise rise at the metro cell  saturation due to dynamic range of metro cell receiver

Exclusion Zone

• The “exclusion zone” is the region where the metro cell Moderate Low coverage is so small that it Efficiency efficiency Zone zone does not provide useful capacity offload from the macro

High efficiency zone 12 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Deployment of Small Cells: Dedicated Carrier for Small Cells

Two carriers from non-contiguous or separate band class

700 MHz AWS Dedicated Carrier macro metro

Or Two carriers created by splitting one contiguous carrier Independent 10 MHz (orthogonal) channels used in macro and small 700 MHz cells

5 MHz 5 MHz

700 MHz 700 MHz

macro metro

13 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION Why Consider a Dedicated Carrier for Metro Cells?

Coverage area of metro cells Coverage area of metro cells deployed with dedicated carrier deployed with shared carrier • Without interference Exclusion from macro, a dedicated zone carrier metro cell can cover a much wider area regardless of proximity Moderate Low efficiency efficiency to the macro zone zone • Coverage area configured through cell selection priorities and thresholds

High • High efficiency traffic efficiency zone offloading without need for exclusion zone

Optimum amount of traffic offload (bias) increases with increasing • • But… are we using the number of metro cells per macro (result of load balancing with spectrum wisely?  larger # of metros) Reduces spectral efficiency • Clear gains in Cell Border Throughput (CBTP) from dedicated carrier

t • eICIC for shared carrier Macro Metrocell Schedule Cell Schedule Cell deployment Inner Border • Almost Blank Sub-frames (ABS) Interference Cancellation (both UE and • t Network based solutions) Shared Carrier Dedicated Carrier Shared Carrier Dedicated Carrier

• Multicarrier approach: Metro cell uses two Single Carrier component carriers (CC A and CC B), macro uses just CC A alone (basic scheme) or CC A full power and CC B with reduced power (soft-reuse scheme) Basic multicarrier Multicarrier soft-reuse - With or Without carrier aggregation Basic CA-based ICIC CA-based ICIC with soft-reuse

15 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION 3.5 GHz and Small Cells in Cellular Systems

8-20 feet

Small Cell Access Small Cell Backhaul

• Dedicated carrier small cell systems • Deployment in clutter at 8-20 feet can leverage priority access channels • Obstacles, foliage, rapid change in propagation environment  in 3.5 GHz Line-of-Sight (LOS) at 30/60/80 GHz microwave fails. Microwave backhaul products are not suitable • Non LOS (NLOS) or near-LOS (nLOS) backhaul required which needs sub-6 GHz spectrum • 3.5 GHz can be ideal suited

16 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION 3.5 GHz and Fixed Wireless Access Using Small Cells

Augmented Local Loop “Last 100 m” Sector 2 House 4 Fiber

Sector 1 Sector 3

3.5 GHz DSL Distribution Point

dlink

DSL Fiber DSL House 1 House 3 House 2

• Fixed broadband over copper pairs can be augmented with 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) • Multi-antenna systems at 3.5 GHz can be small and efficient • Effectively leverage small cell technology

17 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION WhiteCells: High Capacity Dual-Technology Small Cells (Research)

T1 T2 Spatial map of Sensor Samples Internet Whitespace Cognitive Spectrum WhiteCell Spectrum Sensor and Server 3 basestation Server (Single or Multi-operator) Ethernet, DSL, Cable, FTTH Frequency Femto/Metro complex Software Spectrum agile localized spectrum sensors router Sensor Wideband Internet Sensor samples Stable Whitespace @ Location 5 1 interface interface

700 MHz DTV, 3.5 GHz Macro Cell 2.1, 2.6 GHz WhiteCells Stable Whitespace Location 5 interface interface Femto BS Virtual network Location 1 interface Location 4 WhiteCell TCP/IP Locatio Location 3 Client n 2 2 Applications End-user Device

18 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION 19 | FCC 3.5 GHz NPRM Workshop | MMB COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION