DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the Policy Environment for Informal Urban Waste

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the Policy Environment for Informal Urban Waste WIEGO REPORT ON THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT OF INFORMAL URBAN WASTE PICKERS AND ARTISANAL MINE WORKERS IN COLOMBIA Adriana Ruiz-Restrepo Shailly Barnes October 2010 THIS WIEGO REPORT WAS PREPARED BY: rra (Public Law + Social Innovation) attorneys & consultants Ms. Adriana Ruiz-Restrepo ( Team Coordination & Lead Researcher) Ms. Shailly Barnes ( Senior Researcher ) Mr. Sebastian Torres ( Research Assistant ) Mr. Camilo Barrera ( Research Assistant ) The authors would like to express their gratitude to those who, in the field, through their life stories or through their practitioner knowledge and information in Cali, Bogota and New York made this report possible. Our gratitude extends to colleagues in New Delhi, Pune, Ahmedebad, Patna, Bangalore, Cairo, Buenos Aires, and Belo Horizonte who have allowed us to further our comparative understanding of law, policy and poverty in the global south. Our sincere gratitude to Ms. Marty Chen, Ms. Chris Bonner and the WIEGO network, for their trust and support, but especially for their important contribution to development and justice through research and advocacy efforts aimed at building a better global understanding of the informal working poor. Please cite as: “RUIZ-RESTREPO Adriana, BARNES Shailly, WIEGO Report on the Policy Environment of Informal Urban Waste Pickers and Rural Artisanal Mine Workers In Colombia .” 2 “Virtually all policies affect the informal Economy. In the past, interested policy makers have advocated some mix of the following policies for those who work in the informal economy: social policies to improve their health and education; infrastructure and services to improve their housing and living environment; microfinance and enterprise development services to increase the productivity of their enterprises; bureaucratic and legal changes to reduce the barriers—and related transaction costs—to registering their enterprises; and, more recently, property rights to give them the ability to transform their assets into liquid capital. Too few policy makers have considered how other areas of policies—economic policies, labour legislation, and social protection schemes—affect the informal economy. (…) Until recently, there was a widespread assumption that mainstream economic policies do not and cannot reach the informal economy. (…) Clearly, a reappraisal of the impact of existing economic policies and the need for supportive economic policies is called for. This is because economic policies impact the process of redistribution between the formal and informal economy. Policy analysis needs to determine whether the informal economy shares in benefits from government expenditure and procurement policies.” A Policy Response to the Informal Economy WIEGO Brochure, Cambridge MA 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. 4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 8 1. AUTHORS’ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THIS WIEGO REPORT ................................... 13 1.1. SURVIVING POVERTY IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY ............................................................................................ 14 1.1.1. POVERTY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF BAD LAW AND NEGLIGENT POLICY MAKING ..................................................................... 14 1.1.2. THE INFORMAL ECONOMY REALM ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.1.3. OWN ACCOUNT WORKERS: AT THE CROSSROADS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LABOR RIGHTS .................................... 22 1.1.4. COLOMBIA, POVERTY AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY ................................................................................................................... 26 1.2. MAIN CHALLENGES FOR INCLUSIVE POLICY MAKING ........................................................................................... 30 1.2.1. WOMEN .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 1.2.2. CHILDREN ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.3. ETHNOCULTURAL MINORITIES OF INDIGENOUS AND AFRO-DESCENDANT PEOPLES ........................................................... 35 1.2.4. THE SOCIAL PROTECTION ISSUE .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 1.2.5. DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................... 39 1.3. INTERNATIONAL AGENDAS ON THE INFORMALITY OF POVERTY-TRAPPED WORKERS ........................................... 40 1.3.1. THE DECENT WORK AGENDA ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 1.3.2. THE LEGAL EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR AGENDA ...................................................................................................................... 42 1.3.3. THE REVISED FIRST MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL ................................................................................................................ 42 2. URBAN AND INFORMAL WASTE RECYCLING WORKERS IN COLOMBIA ............................. 44 2.1. CONTEXT AND HISTORY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................. 47 2.1.1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE AND ECONOMY IN BOGOTA .................................................... 48 2.2. PUBLIC POLICY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................... 52 2.2.1. CONSTITUTIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 52 2.2.2. LAW 142 OF 1994 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 2.2.3. WASTE MANAGEMENT DECREES 1713 OF 2002 AND 1505 OF 2003 .......................................................................................... 58 2.2.4. LAW IN THE FIELD OR PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS .................................... 65 2.2.5. THE NEED TO RECONCEPTUALIZE THE NOTION OF WASTE IN THE XXI CENTURY FOR SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH .......................................................................................................................... 68 2.3. INFORMAL WASTE RECYCLING WORKERS ........................................................................................................... 69 2.3.1. WASTE DUMP WASTE PICKERS AND STREET WASTE PICKERS ....................................................................................................... 70 2.3.2. WOMEN WASTE RECYCLING WORKERS ............................................................................................................................................... 71 2.3.3. CHILDREN IN WASTE RECYCLING WORK ............................................................................................................................................... 72 2.3.4. ELDERLY WASTE RECYCLING WORKERS ................................................................................................................................................ 73 2.3.5. ETHNOCULTURAL MINORITIES IN WASTE RECYCLING WORK ....................................................................................................... 74 2.3.6. SOCIAL PROTECTION .................................................................................................................................................................................. 74 2.4. TRADE CONTEXT OF WASTE PICKERS .................................................................................................................. 76 2.4.1. THE COLOMBIAN STATE. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 79 2.4.2. BUSINESS CORPORATIONS IN THE WASTE INDUSTRY ...................................................................................................................... 79 A. THE BUSINESS CONTRACT FOR THE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF WASTE. .......................................................................... 79 B. THE BUSINESS CONTRACT FOR THE FINAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE ....................................................................................................... 81 2.4.3. AUTHORIZED ORGANIZATIONS UNDER LAW 142 OF 1994. ........................................................................................................... 83 WASTE PICKERS’ COOPERATIVES AND OTHER NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AS AUTHORIZED ORGANIZATIONS ................. 83 2.4.4. WASTE RECYCLING BUSINESSES .............................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity in the City
    Marco Martiniello, Brigitte Piquard Diversity in the City HumanitarianNet Thematic Network on Humanitarian Development Studies Diversity in the City Diversity in the City Edited by Marco Martiniello Brigitte Piquard University of Liège University of Louvain 2002 University of Deusto Bilbao No part of this publication, including the cover design, may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by and means, whether electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, recording or photocopying, without prior permission or the publisher. Publication printed in ecological paper Illustration of front page: Xabi Otero © Universidad de Deusto Apartado 1 - 48080 Bilbao I.S.B.N.: 84-7485-789-9 Legal Deposit: BI - 349-02 Printed in Spain/Impreso en España Design by: IPAR, S. Coop. - Bilbao Printed by: Artes Gráficas Rontegui, S.A.L. Contents Preface . 9 Introduction Marco Martiniello (University of Liège) and Brigitte Piquard (University of Louvain) . 11 Ethnic diversity and the city Ceri Peach (University of Oxford) . 21 Citizenship and exclusion on Europe´s southern frontier: the case of El Ejido Almudena Garrido (University of Deusto) . 43 When de-segregation produces stigmatisation: ethnic minorities and urban policies in France Patrick Simon (Institut National d'Études Démographiques) . 61 The study of community development in the city. Diversity as a tool Ruth Soenen and Mac Verlot (University of Gent) . 95 The Latinisation of the United States: social inequalities and cultural obsessions James Cohen (University Paris-VIII) . 111 Western Europe in the Urban Gap Between Mobility and Migration Flows Barbara Verlic Christensen (University of Ljubljana) . 135 Diasporic identities and diasporic economies: the case of minority ethnic media Charles Husband (University of Bradford) .
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro-Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher / University of Massachusetts, Amherst
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies Faculty Publication Series Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies 2016 A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro- Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/wost_faculty_pubs ENSAYOS A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro-Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher / University of Massachusetts, Amherst Abstract Black communities in Colombia have gained remarkable national and global visibility in the last two decades thanks August 2013 marked twenty years since the passing of in part to Law 70 of 1993, which legally recognizes their Law 70, which legally recognizes the ethnic, territorial, and ethnic, territorial, and socioeconomic rights. The actual socioeconomic rights of black communities in Colombia. implementation and gains of Law 70 have been mixed at In the past two decades its implementation has been mixed best, and the political and economic status of most black at best, and the actual political and economic status of communities or “Afro-Colombians” as they began being most Afro-Colombians remains grim. Yet this flawed law called after the 1990s remains grim.1 Yet, this flawed and remains an important icon and political instrument of Afro- incomplete law in serves as an important icon and political Colombian struggles. A retrospective look at the processes instrument of Afro-Colombian rights. It also serves as a and peoples that led up to Law 70 may be useful in the model or inspiration to other Afro-Latino groups seeking context of ongoing Afro-Latin(o) struggles to obtain real and legal recognition of their rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage: Chain, Hierarchies and Conflicts
    Camilo Montoya-Guevara HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University Budapest CEU eTD Collection May 2017 HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee Alexandra Kowalski Thesis Supervisor CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External
    [Show full text]
  • Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America
    Wade, P. Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America. Latin American Research Review. 2017; 52(3), pp. 477–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.124 BOOK REVIEW ESSAY Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America Peter Wade University of Manchester, GB [email protected] This essay reviews the following works: Rethinking Race in Modern Argentina. Edited by Paulina Alberto and Eduardo Elena. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xviii + 373. $120.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781107107632. Reimagining Black Difference and Politics in Brazil: From Racial Democracy to Multiculturalism. By Alexandre Emboaba Da Costa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. vii + 233. $105.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137386335. Racial Subordination in Latin America: The Role of the State, Customary Law, and the New Civil Rights Response. By Tanya Katerí Hernández. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 247. $35.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107695436. The Color of Love: Racial Features, Stigma, and Socialization in Black Brazilian Families.By Elizabeth Hordge-Freeman. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 311. $29.95 paper. ISBN: 9781477307885. Blackness in the Andes: Ethnographic Vignettes of Cultural Politics in the Time of Multiculturalism. By Jean Muteba Rahier. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. ix + 243. $110.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137272713. Land of the Cosmic Race: Race Mixture, Racism, and Blackness in Mexico. By Christina A. Sue. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 234. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780199925506. Pigmentocracies: Ethnicity, Race, and Color in Latin America. By Edward Telles and the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • The Example of the Algerian War
    L2 Journal, Volume 4 (2012), pp. 83-101 Teaching Difficult Topics: The Example of the Algerian War ELIZABETH KNUTSON United States Naval Academy E-mail: [email protected] While history as critical discourse differs importantly from the more subjective narratives of collective memory, even historians vary in their accounts and analyses of past events. This article argues for the need to include a spectrum of voices and text types when teaching history in the context of foreign language study, taking the example of “official stories,” collective memories, and historical accounts of the Algerian War of 1954-62. In addition to presenting varied views and text genres, the argument is made for the importance of teaching the controversies that arise around difficult topics, even many years after the fact. Teaching different sides of a difficult story and its unresolved conflicts is a form of realism that respects students’ intelligence and fosters their self-awareness as cultural subjects. Examples of a multiple perspectives approach are drawn from two textbooks published in France, with additional suggestions for classroom materials and activities at various instructional levels. _______________ INTRODUCTION In the words of Fréderic Abécassis, co-author of Pour une histoire franco-algérienne, “l’histoire est polyphonique” [history is polyphonic] (cited by Nuyten 2010, p. 57). While history as critical, reflective discourse differs importantly from the more subjective narratives of collective memory, which reflect the perspective of a particular group (Wertsch, p. 127), even historians themselves vary in their accounts and analyses of past events. This paper argues for the need to include a spectrum of voices and text types when teaching difficult historical topics in the context of foreign language study.
    [Show full text]
  • Whitewashing Or Amnesia: a Study of the Construction
    WHITEWASHING OR AMNESIA: A STUDY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACE IN TWO MIDWESTERN COUNTIES A DISSERTATION IN Sociology and History Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by DEBRA KAY TAYLOR M.A., University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2005 B.L.A., University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2000 Kansas City, Missouri 2019 © 2019 DEBRA KAY TAYLOR ALL RIGHTS RESERVE WHITEWASHING OR AMNESIA: A STUDY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACE IN TWO MIDWESTERN COUNTIES Debra Kay Taylor, Candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2019 ABSTRACT This inter-disciplinary dissertation utilizes sociological and historical research methods for a critical comparative analysis of the material culture as reproduced through murals and monuments located in two counties in Missouri, Bates County and Cass County. Employing Critical Race Theory as the theoretical framework, each counties’ analysis results are examined. The concepts of race, systemic racism, White privilege and interest-convergence are used to assess both counties continuance of sustaining a racially imbalanced historical narrative. I posit that the construction of history of Bates County and Cass County continues to influence and reinforces systemic racism in the local narrative. Keywords: critical race theory, race, racism, social construction of reality, white privilege, normality, interest-convergence iii APPROVAL PAGE The faculty listed below, appointed by the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies, have examined a dissertation titled, “Whitewashing or Amnesia: A Study of the Construction of Race in Two Midwestern Counties,” presented by Debra Kay Taylor, candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, and certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Interactions and Ethnic Self-Presentation Diálogos Latinoamericanos, Núm
    Diálogos Latinoamericanos ISSN: 1600-0110 [email protected] Aarhus Universitet Dinamarca Negrón Goldbarg, Rosalyn; Negrón, Wilneida Negotiating Latina/o Ethnicity in NYC: Social Interactions and Ethnic Self-Presentation Diálogos Latinoamericanos, núm. 16, 2009, pp. 35-57 Aarhus Universitet Aarhus, Dinamarca Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=16212429003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 Negotiating Latina/o Ethnicity in NYC: Social Interactions and Ethnic Self- Presentation Rosalyn Negrón Goldbarg & Wilneida Negrón.1 Today, an increasing number of people regularly switch from ethnicity to ethnicity in normal discourse, in an attempt to maximize their economic and political interests. This paper focuses specifically on ethnic flexibility among Latina/os in New York City. Drawing on ethnographic, linguistic, and social network data we explore how Latina/os in NYC negotiate between multiple ethnic identities in everyday contexts. Through language and dialect switches, accents, and even calculated silence the Latinos in our research negotiated NYC’s multi-level system of categorization. We hope to show that no one-to-one relationship exists between subjective feelings of ethnic belongingness and the use of ethnic markers. Ethnic markers, particularly
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia CULTURAL FIELD GUIDE
    FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY COLOMBIA CULTURAL FIELD GUIDE Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, NATO member countries, and other coun- tries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for re- search, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduc- tion for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. Published: February 2008 Prepared by: Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, 2033 Barnett Avenue, Quantico, VA 22134-5103 Comments and Suggestions: [email protected] To order additional copies of this field guide, call (703) 784-6167, DSN: 278-6167. DOD-2634-COL-003-08 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Foreword The Colombia Cultural Field Guide is designed to provide deploy- ing military personnel an overview of Colombia’s cultural terrain. In this field guide, Colombia’s cultural history has been synop- sized to capture the more significant aspects of the Colombia cul- tural environment, with emphasis on factors having the greatest potential to impact operations. The field guide presents background information to show the Co- lombia mind-set through its history, language, and religion. It also contains practical sections on lifestyle, customs and habits. For those seeking more extensive information, MCIA produces a se- ries of cultural intelligence studies on Colombia that explore the dynamics of Colombia culture at a deeper level.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Interactions and Ethnic Self- Presentation Rosalyn Negrón
    Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 Negotiating Latina/o Ethnicity in NYC: Social Interactions and Ethnic Self- Presentation Rosalyn Negrón Goldbarg & Wilneida Negrón.1 Today, an increasing number of people regularly switch from ethnicity to ethnicity in normal discourse, in an attempt to maximize their economic and political interests. This paper focuses specifically on ethnic flexibility among Latina/os in New York City. Drawing on ethnographic, linguistic, and social network data we explore how Latina/os in NYC negotiate between multiple ethnic identities in everyday contexts. Through language and dialect switches, accents, and even calculated silence the Latinos in our research negotiated NYC’s multi-level system of categorization. We hope to show that no one-to-one relationship exists between subjective feelings of ethnic belongingness and the use of ethnic markers. Ethnic markers, particularly language-related ones, are manipulated in a number of creative ways by members and non-members alike, pushing the limits of what constitutes ethnic group membership and challenging notions of ethnic authenticity. Keywords: situational ethnicity, multiple ethnic identities, code- switching, Latina/os, New York City Introduction As America’s ethnic diversity continues to grow, issues like resource distribution, ethnic conflict, or social and political movements cannot be understood in terms of neatly packaged identities in competition. Today, an increasing number of people regularly switch from ethnicity2 to ethnicity in normal discourse, in an attempt to maximise their economic and political interests. The literature on ethnicity provides many examples of people contextually invoking (or hiding) their ethnicity to strengthen or weaken their ties to kin, community and the state and thereby to 1 Rosalyn Negrón Goldbarg, PhD, University of Massachusetts: E-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 Latin American Center University Of
    Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 16/2009 LACUA Latin American Center University of Aarhus Universidad de Aarhus – Dinamarca DIÁLOGOS LATINOAMERICANOS Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos Universidad de Aarhus Dinamarca 16/2009 Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 Consejo Editorial Anne Magnussen, Steen Fryba Christensen, Anne Marie E. Jeppesen, Jan Gustafsson, Helene Balslev Olsen, Ken Henriksen Cecilia Martins Director Responsable Ken Henriksen Montaje y coordinación editorial Martin Munk Stigaard Latin American Center, University of Aarhus – LACUA Universidad de Aarhus Byg. 1461, Jens Chr. Skovsvej 5 DK - 8000 Aarhus C Dinamarca Fax: (45) 89426455 www.lacua.au.dk Diálogos Latinoamericanos se publica dos veces por año y los artículos son de exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores, y no reproducen necesariamente el pensamiento de la Revista. Copyright: Diálogos Latinoamericanos y autores Imprenta: Universidad de Aarhus Indexada en HAPI(Hispanic American Periodicals Índex) On line: RedALyc - http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/index.jsp ISSN 1600-0110 Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16, 2009 Diálogos Latinoamericanos 16 Sección temática: Latinos in the United States Where Are ‘We’ in Transnational US Latino/a Studies? Benita Heiskanen p. 5 New People, New Historical Narratives. When the Mexican-Americans Came to Gonzales, Texas at the Turn of the 20th Century Anne Magnussen p. 16 Negotiating Latina/o Ethnicity in NYC: Social Interactions and Ethnic Self-Presentation Rosalyn Negrón & Wilneida Negrón p. 35 Chicano Identity and Discourses of Supplementarity on Mexican Cinema: From ‘The Man Without a Fatherland’ to ‘Under the Same Moon’ Armida de la Garza p. 58 Mexican Hometown Associations in the U.S.: Motives for Transnational Engagement Lars Ove Trans p. 70 ------------- Sección general: Aspectos da música na liturgia católica na América Latina do Vaticano II aos dias atuais – Do “canto do povo de Deus” ao “som da massa” Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho p.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom from Hate State of the World’S Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2014 Events of 2013
    Freedom from hate State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2014 Events of 2013 State of theWorld’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 20141 Events of 2013 Front cover: Roma gather in Athens, Greece, demanding equal treatment and better living conditions. Spirofoto/Demotix. Inside front cover: A woman from an occupational minority community in Somaliland. Susan Schulman. Inside back cover: Adivasi woman and child, India. Robert Wallis/Panos. Acknowledgements Support our work Minority Rights Group International (MRG) Donate at www.minorityrights.org/donate gratefully acknowledges the support of all MRG relies on the generous support of institutions organizations and individuals who gave financial and individuals to help us secure the rights of and other assistance to this publication, including minorities and indigenous peoples around the CAFOD and the European Union. world. All donations received contribute directly to our projects with minorities and indigenous peoples. © Minority Rights Group International, July 2014. All rights reserved. Subscribe to our publications at www.minorityrights.org/publications Material from this publication may be reproduced Another valuable way to support us is to subscribe for teaching or other non-commercial purposes. to our publications, which offer a compelling No part of it may be reproduced in any form for analysis of minority and indigenous issues and commercial purposes without the prior express original research. We also offer specialist training permission of the copyright holders. materials and guides on international human rights instruments and accessing international bodies. For further information please contact MRG. A CIP catalogue record of this publication if available from Learn more about minority and indigenous the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancestry, Admixture and Fitness in Colombian Genomes
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ancestry, admixture and fitness in Colombian genomes Lavanya Rishishwar1,2,3,*, Andrew B. Conley1,*, Charles H. Wigington1, Lu Wang1, Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre2,4,5 & I. King Jordan1,2,3 Received: 31 March 2015 Accepted: 01 June 2015 The human dimension of the Columbian Exchange entailed substantial genetic admixture between Published: 21 July 2015 ancestral source populations from Africa, the Americas and Europe, which had evolved separately for many thousands of years. We sought to address the implications of the creation of admixed American genomes, containing novel allelic combinations, for human health and fitness via analysis of an admixed Colombian population from Medellin. Colombian genomes from Medellin show a wide range of three-way admixture contributions from ancestral source populations. The primary ancestry component for the population is European (average = 74.6%, range = 45.0%–96.7%), followed by Native American (average = 18.1%, range = 2.1%–33.3%) and African (average = 7.3%, range = 0.2%– 38.6%). Locus-specific patterns of ancestry were evaluated to search for genomic regions that are enriched across the population for particular ancestry contributions. Adaptive and innate immune system related genes and pathways are particularly over-represented among ancestry-enriched segments, including genes (HLA-B and MAPK10) that are involved in defense against endemic pathogens such as malaria. Genes that encode functions related to skin pigmentation (SCL4A5) and cutaneous glands (EDAR) are also found in regions with anomalous ancestry patterns. These results suggest the possibility that ancestry-specific loci were differentially retained in the modern admixed Colombian population based on their utility in the New World environment.
    [Show full text]