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Home , Dwelling, Homelessness, Housing, Housing First, Supportive housing

RAPID RE- APRIL 2016 RRH fact sheet:

What is Housing First? Who can be helped by Housing First? Housing First is a homeless assistance approach A Housing First approach can benefit both that prioritizes providing permanent housing to homeless families and individuals with any de- people experiencing , thus ending gree of service needs. The flexible and responsive their homelessness and serving as a platform nature of a Housing First approach allows it to from which they can pursue personal goals be tailored to help anyone. As such, a Housing and improve their quality of . This approach First approach can be applied to help end - is guided by the belief that people need basic lessness for a who became homeless necessities like food and before due to a temporary personal or financial crisis attending to anything less critical, such as get- and has limited service needs, only needing help ting a job, budgeting properly, or attending to accessing and securing permanent housing. At substance use issues. Additionally, Housing First the same time, Housing First has been found is based on the theory that client choice is valu- to be particularly effective approach to end able in housing selection and supportive service homelessness for high need populations, such as participation, and that exercising that choice is chronically homeless individuals.iii likely to make a client more successful in remain- ing housed and improving their life.i What are the elements of a housing first program? How is Housing First different Housing First programs often provide rental as- from other approaches? sistance that varies in duration depending on the Housing First does not require people experi- household’s needs. Consumers sign a standard encing homelessness to address the all of their lease and are able to access supports as neces- problems including behavioral problems, sary to help them do so. A variety of voluntary or to graduate through a series of services pro- services may be used to promote housing stabil- grams before they can access housing. Housing ity and well-being during and following housing First does not mandate participation in services placement. either before obtaining housing or in order to retain housing. The Housing First approach views Two common program models follow the Hous- housing as the foundation for life improvement ing First approach but differ in implementation. and enables access to permanent housing without Permanent (PSH) is targeted prerequisites or conditions beyond those of a typi- to individuals and families with chronic illnesses, cal renter. Supportive services are offered to sup- , issues, or substance port people with housing stability and individual use disorders who have experienced long-term well-being, but participation is not required as ser- or repeated homelessness. It provides longterm vices have been found to be more effective when rental assistance and supportive services. a person chooses to engage.ii Other approaches do make such requirements in order for a person A second program model, rapid re-housing, is to obtain and retain housing. employed for a wide variety of individuals and

Fact Sheet: Housing First 1 families. It provides short-term rental assistance and participate in job training programs, attend school, services. The goals are to help people obtain housing discontinue substance use, have fewer instances of quickly, increase self-sufficiency, and remain housed. ,x and spend fewer days - The Core Components of rapid re-housing—housing ized than those not participating.xi identification, and move-in assistance, and case management and services—operationalize Housing Finally, permanent supportive housing has been First principals. found to be cost efficient. Providing access to hous- ing generally results in cost savings for communities Does Housing First work? because housed people are less likely to use emer- There is a large and growing evidence base demon- gency services, including , jails, and emer- strating that Housing First is an effective solution to gency , than those who are homeless. One homelessness. Consumers in a Housing First model study found an average cost savings on emergency access housing fasteriv and are more likely to remain services of $31,545 per person housed in a Housing stably housed.v This is true for both PSH and rapid First program over the course of two years.xii Anoth- re-housing programs. PSH has a long-term housing er study showed that a Housing First program could retention rate of up to 98 percent.vi Studies have cost up to $23,000 less per consumer per year than shown that rapid re-housing helps people exit home- a shelter program.xiii lessness quickly—in one study, an average of two monthsvii—and remain housed. A variety of studies have shown that between 75 percent and 91 percent of remain housed a year after being rap- idly re-housed.viii

More extensive studies have been completed on PSH finding that clients report an increase in perceived levels of autonomy, choice, and control in Housing First programs. A majority of clients are found to participate in the optional supportive services pro- vided,ix often resulting in greater housing stability. Clients using supportive services are more likely to

iTsemberis, S. & Eisenberg, R. : Supported Housing for Street- Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Dis- abilities. 2000. iiEinbinder, S. & Tull, T. The Housing First Program for Homeless Families: Empirical Evidence of Long-term Efficacy to End and Prevent . 2007. iiiGulcur, L., Stefancic, A., Shinn, M., Tsemberis, S., & Fishcer, S. Housing, Hospitalization, and Cost Outcomes for Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities Participating in Continuum of Care and Housing First Programmes. 2003. ivGulcur, L., Stefancic, A., Shinn, M., Tsemberis, S., & Fishcer, S. Housing, Hospitalization, and Cost Outcomes for Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities Participating in Continuum of Care and Housing First programs. 2003. vTsemberis, S. & Eisenberg, R. Pathways to Housing: Supported Housing for Street-Dwelling Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Dis- abilities. 2000. viMontgomery, A.E., Hill, L., Kane, V., & Culhane, D. Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating the Efficacy of a Housing First Approach to HUD-VASH. 2013. viiU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Family Options Study: Short-Term Impacts. 2015. viiiByrne, T., Treglia, D., Culhane, D., Kuhn, J., & Kane, V. Predictors of Homelessness Among Families and Single Adults After Exit from Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Programs: Evidence from the Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Services for Veterans Program. 2015. ixTsemberis, S., Gulcur, L., & Nakae, M. Housing First, Consumer Choice, and for Homeless Individuals with a Dual Diag- nosis. 2004. xEinbinder, S. & Tull, T. The Housing First Program for Homeless Families: Empirical Evidence of Long-term Efficacy to End and Prevent Family Homelessness. 2007. xiGulcur, L., Stefancic, A., Shinn, M., Tsemberis, S., & Fishcer, S. Housing, Hospitalization, and Cost Outcomes for Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities Participating in Continuum of Care and Housing First programs. 2003. xiiPerlman, J. & Parvensky, J. Housing First Collaborative: Cost Benefit Analysis and Program Outcomes Report. 2006. xiiiTsemberis, S. & Stefancic, A. Housing First for Long-Term Shelter Dwellers with Psychiatric Disabilities in a Suburban County: A Four- Year Study of Housing Access and Retention. 2007.

2 Fact Sheet: Housing First