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New Zealand Definition of Homelessness

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New Zealand Definition of Homelessness New Zealand Definition of Homelessness Reproduction of material Material in this report may be reproduced and published, provided that it does not purport to be published under government authority and that acknowledgement is made of this source. Citation Statistics New Zealand (2009). New Zealand definition of homelessness. Wellington: Author. Published in July 2009 by Statistics New Zealand Tatauranga Aotearoa Wellington, New Zealand 2 Contents Rationale .................................................................................................................................... 4 Concept ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and review ...................................................................................................................... 6 Definition and requirements ....................................................................................................... 6 Explanatory notes ...................................................................................................................... 7 Guidelines for inclusion and exclusion ....................................................................................... 8 Inclusions ............................................................................................................................... 8 Exclusions .............................................................................................................................. 9 Glossary..................................................................................................................................... 9 References ...............................................................................................................................11 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................12 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................18 Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................................20 3 Rationale An agreed definition of homelessness is required to fill a gap in official statistics so that government and community groups can make well-informed decisions on the level and nature of homelessness in New Zealand. A definition of homelessness will also facilitate assessment of options for intervention, including identifying the demographics of those most in need, and the level of response required. Those requiring emergency housing will be able to be identified from the collection of homeless information. Consistent use of a common definition will: • enable production of quality, relevant official statistics that inform debate on the level of homelessness in New Zealand • facilitate broader public understanding of homelessness • enable the comparison and integration of data between agencies and across collections • be relevant for Mäori as tangata whenua, and inclusive of New Zealand’s cultural diversity • provide potential for some international comparability • facilitate more widely accepted research which produces comparable and consistent statistics. Concept The concepts and definitions of homelessness have been adapted from the European typology of homelessness and housing exclusion (ETHOS: see Appendix 1), a framework used by European statistical offices, to meet the requirements of the societal, cultural and environmental contexts in New Zealand. A consideration for the New Zealand version of the homelessness definition is recognising 'concealed homeless' living situations (Edgar and Meert, 2006, p27), such as people who have no other housing option but to share someone else's accommodation on a temporary basis, and who have no security of tenure in doing so. Another consideration concerns people who live in housing which would not normally be considered suitable for habitation. Homelessness conceptually forms part of the housing domain, covering housing exclusion. The scope of the housing domain covers private dwellings only, whereas the scope for homelessness must also include 'no dwellings' and 'non-private dwellings'. The definition of homelessness developed for New Zealand is based upon the same social, legal and physical domains as ETHOS. The intersections of the social, physical and legal domains within the housing domain are used as the basis for the conceptual framework. However, due to the specific emphasis on the New Zealand environment, the concepts have been modified to meet New Zealand's conceptual requirements. (see Appendix 1). The social domain is being able to pursue normal social relations, have a personal (household) living space, maintain privacy and have safe accommodation. The legal domain covers having exclusive possession, security of occupation or tenure. The physical domain is the structural aspect of housing and means having habitable housing. The intersection of these domains with housing led to the development of conceptual categories that represent the absence of safe, secure and habitable housing. The New Zealand conceptual 4 categories are 'without shelter', 'temporary accommodation', 'sharing accommodation ' and 'uninhabitable housing'. Not all intersections of these domains are covered within this definition of homelessness. Some of the 'inadequate' and 'insecure' sections of ETHOS are not included because they are not currently homeless according to ETHOS but rather at risk of becoming homeless (see Appendix 1). Without shelter The intersection of housing with the social, legal, and physical domains means for those in living situations in the 'without shelter' category, they do not have personal living space, cannot maintain privacy and do not have safe accommodation within the social domain. They are without exclusive possession of accommodation and security of occupation in the legal domain, and do not have habitable housing in the physical domain. Temporary accommodation The intersection of housing with the social, legal, and physical domains means for those living situations contained within the 'temporary accommodation' category, they may not have personal living space, may not be able to maintain privacy and/or may not have safe accommodation in the social domain. They are without exclusive possession of accommodation and security of occupation in the legal domain. Sharing accommodation The intersection of housing with the social, legal, and physical domains means for those living situations contained within the 'sharing accommodation' category they may not have personal living space and may be unable to maintain privacy in the social domain. They are without exclusive possession of accommodation and security of occupation in the legal domain. Uninhabitable housing 5 The intersection of housing with the social, legal, and physical domains means for those living situations contained within the 'uninhabitable housing' category do not have habitable housing in the physical domain. Scope and review The statistical unit being measured is the living situation of people. Homelessness applies to statistical collections such as administrative data sources where people's living situations have been assessed according to the homelessness definition. The homelessness definition may also apply to surveys where an assessment has been made of the living situation to ascertain whether it aligns with one of the conceptual categories in the definition. The constraint in providing for full coverage across all living situations of the homeless is the difficulty in locating them. (Edgar and Meert, 2006 p27). Therefore, the likelihood is that people in these living situations, temporary accommodation and sharing accommodation, may only be able to be measured when in contact with a provider, agency, or researcher. Evaluation of this definition fits within a 3–5 year review cycle where practical after it has been applied to administrative data sources and possibly used in survey research. The aim is to have feedback from those using the definition in collection of homeless statistics so that it can be refined, if required, in the next review. Definition and requirements Homelessness is defined as living situations where people with no other options to acquire safe and secure housing: are without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing accommodation with a household or living in uninhabitable housing. NOTE The likelihood is that people without shelter, people staying long-term in motor camps and boarding houses, people sharing accommodation, and people residing in dilapidated dwellings may only be measured when in contact with a provider, agency or researcher. The homeless living situations described for each of the conceptual categories of the definition are: Without shelter Living situations that provide no shelter, or makeshift shelter, are considered as without shelter. These include living situations such as living on the street, and inhabiting improvised dwellings, such as living in a shack or a car. Temporary accommodation Living situations are considered temporary accommodation when they provide shelter over- night, or when 24-hour accommodation is provided in a non-private dwelling , and are not intended to be lived in long-term. This includes hostels for the homeless, transitional supported accommodation for the homeless, and women's refuges.
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