Ciuptiol T\((0 Dhuli^: DISTRICT

$Ciuptiol T\((0 Dhuli^: DISTRICT$ CIUPTiOl T\((0 DHULi^: DISTRICT - A PIlOFILii ^,701 the President to specify certain groups as scheduled tribes. By the Constitutional Order 1950, the President has specified certain groups as scheduled tribes. This study is confined only to those groups which are officially known as schedulded tribes. The district of Dhule was previously knovm as 'Khandesh'. In ancient times, it was known as I^sika. Later, under the Yadavas, it was called as Seunadesa after king Seunachandra vAio ruled over it. With the advent of Muslims, the name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title Khan, given to the Faruqui Kings. The entire area of Khandesh included two districts viz. Dhule and Jalgaon and was administered as one district with headquarters at Dhule. However, in 1906, for administrative purposes, the Khandesh was divided into two districts known as Infest Khandesh and East Khandesh. Location; The District of Dnule formerly known as West Khandesh and known after the district headquarters since 19bO lies between ZO^JS' and 23'*3* North latitude and y?'*^?' and 75*11' East longitude. The distinguishing feature of the topography of the district is that unlike Deccan plateau, the orientation of the district is towards west coast. The Tapi river passes through the centre of the district from east to wuat with a deep cut-up 2 bed and black soil fertile plains along its banks. 73 Rosha (Cymbopogon Martini) grass oil is another article of importance. Except these two items, other minor forest produce is of little importance. Gums, mycrobalans and charoli are 7 among other minor produce. Population - By the Constitutioual order, 1950, the President has speci fied certiin groups as scheduled tribes. There are about 421 tribal communities all over India. The Anthropological Survey C1967) has estimated the nvunber 314, considering a number of tribes to be the constituents of a group of tribes designated by a common name such as the Gonds, the Bhills, etc. In 1950, the number of Scheduled Tribes was 212. This number increased with the revised list of 1955, looking at the various census reports, we find that the tribal population varies from Census to Census (see Table No. 2.1) Table No. 2.1 Population Growth of Scheduled Tribes in Post-Independence Period Cate 1951 1961 1971 1981 gory Conside Population Incr Population Incr Population Incr ring the eased eased eased modified % % % order. 1956 General 361151669 439072582 21.58 54794V829 24.66 665287849 21.4 S.T. 22511854 29879249 32.73 38015162 27.00 51628638 35.B Source; India Gazetteer Maharashtra, Dhulia district, Part I, Tribal Development Programmes and Adraini strati on India- p. 16, 74 There ar( n the Maharashtra State. Dhule account) age of scheduled tribes In the State. Out of the total districts population of 2,050294, scheduled tribes population is 8310b4 or 40,53 percent. The tahsils of Nawapur, Akkalkuwa and Akrani are predominantly tribal areas with more than 85 per cent scheduled tribe population, Nandurbar, Talode, Sakri, Shahade and Shirpur tahsils also have considerably large population of scheduled tribes. The principal scheduled tribes In the district are Bhils, Dhanka, Gavit,K.okna, iNlaikda and Pardhi. They are mostly concentrated in the Satpuda ranges in the north and the areas flanked by the ranges of the Sahyadri in the south and south west. About 798,543, persons or 9b.09 percent of the scheduled tribes population reside in tne vallages mostly surrounded by the forests. They subsist on forest produce and allied work. The population of scheduled tribes in the district has increased from 37.05 percent in 1971 to 40,53 percent in 1931. In almost all the tahsils of the district, there is an increase of scheduled tribe population in 1981 as compared to 1971. This increase is mainly attributed to the amendment effected to the notified scheduled tribe lists under the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes orders, (Amendment), Act, 1976 (108 of 1976). Thio act virtually ruraoved all areaa rostrictlona with regard to residence in the specified districts or tahsils, which prevailed 078 Table No,2.3 Proportion o£ ^Scheduled I'ribe Population to Total Population in the villages Percentage range of No.. of villages Percentage of S.'i'. Population to in each range, villages in total population. eacn range. ( Kio.5.T. Po PM * tii"l'oM "^ -5 2 0.13 6-15 24 1.58 16-25 169 1.15 16-25 187 12.34 26-35 103 6.79 36-50 101 6.66 51 + 930 61.35 Source: India, Government of Census Report 1981, p. 17 It is seen from Table 2.3 that out of the total 1,5l6 inhabited villages only 2 villages have no scheduled tribe population, vrtiile 930 villages fall in the percentage range of 51 and above. Among the remaining 584 villages the proportion of scheduled tribe population to total population is less tnan 5 percent in 24 villages, 6 to 15 percent in 169 villages, 16 to 25 percent in 187 villages, 2.6 to 35 percent in 103 villages and 36 to 50 percent in 101 villages of district. In the urban areas of the district, scheduled tribe poouLation constitutes a meagre 3.91 percent of the total scheduled tribe population of the district. 27.23 per cent ana 2o.l4 percent tribal population is recorded in Nawapur and Talode towns respec tively. For a detailed town-wise distribution of scheduled tribes population refer Table 2,k, Table 2.4 Proportion of Scheduled Tribes Population in Towns. Name and Civil- Total Total S.T. Percent oi 5.T. Status of the town Population Population Population to total population Dhule City Cw»Cl.)' 210,759 8400 3.99 Dondaicha (M.Cl.) 25,890 3363 12.99 Wandurbar. C^'UCl.) 65,394 5648 8.64 Nawapur. (C.T.j 19,115 5205 27.23 Shahade (M.Cl.) 24,955 2639 10.58 Shirpur (i^.Cl) 34,013 2024 5.95 Talode Cw.Cl.; 20,055 5243 26.14 All Towns 400,181 32521 8.12 Source: India, Government of, Census Report 1981, p.18 1) Rural Tahsils: Dhule, Shindhkheda and Shirpur 2) l-lLxed Tahsils: Sakri, Nandurbar, Talode and Shahade. 3) Core Tribal Tahaila, Nawapur, Akranl and AkkulKuwa. 78 Tlae Maharashtra (iovemment has declared the following areas as a Scheduled Areas of Dhule District. TaDle NO. 2.3 ' Scheduled Area of Dhulia District Tahsil Area No, of No. of Population p in Km. Villages Towns Total to I'laharashtra Total S.T, population Nawapur 919.7 93 1.31 1.14 Akkalkuwa b46.0 172 0.79 0.67 Akrani 600.00 156 0.46 0.43 Source: Maharashtra, Government of Annual Report on the Administration of Scheduled Areas in Maharashtra State for the year 1975^76. A large number of these tribes and groups were in the olden regime contained in tne lixcluded Areas and or partially iixcluded Area. The Indian Census had been dealing with them under the religious heading of Animism through some of the well known Commissioners of Census were not satisfied with the procedure. After the study of various census reports, Dr. Ghurye came to the conclusion that the tribals are the imper fectly integrated classes of Hindu Society. For the sake of convenience they are designated the tribal classes of Hindu 79 Society, suggesting thereby the social fact that they have retained much more of the tribal creeds and organisation than many of the castes of Hindu Society, yet they are in reality Backward Hindus. Hinduism is the prominent religion m the district. It is also the prominent religion In the Scheduled rribes community, though there was a dominsuit regime of Muslim rulers in this area in the nedieval period, the Advasts have not changed their religion. In fact, the economic position of the Advasis was very poor, but they never embraced other religion for that purpose. Also, the Christian Missionaries have started some schools and hospitals for the development of the Adivasis, but the Adivasis have not given proper response to them, therefore it has not been possible for the Christian Missionaries to spread their religious ideology in these communities. On tne contrary, the Adivasis stuck to their religion, Adivasis in different places differ in their religious beliefs and practices. Table Mo. 2.6 Population of Scheduled Tribes by Religion in Dhule District 1 Total Population of Hindu Christian Muslim Person S.T. n F M F M F M F Total 615801 311056 3047A5 310112 303946 742 588 4 6 Rural 596776 301207 295569 30031 294794 696 577 - 4 Urban 19925 9859 10066 9811 9152 46 11 Source; India, Govt, oi' India Census Report 1971. 80 Literacy - it is an accepted fact that education plays a vital role in the socio-economic and cultural changes of the country in general and in social mobility of the weaker sections in particular. It is believed that equalization of educational opportunities would pave the way for equalization of opportuni ties in all spheres of social life.9 The problem of Education for the 'Adivasi is mainly related with their poverty, as over y5 percent of the population concerned is found in the rural areas. The literacy rate for rural areas is about the aaiae as for the total. The literacy rate for scheduled tribes is too low, compared with that of the general population, iiduca- cation is a process of not only imparting specific sKiils and Knowledge but also inducting the human being into the norms and the values of the culture. The culture into which the human being is inducted varies from society to society, and educational process will reflect these differences.

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