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Human Rights in Diverse Education Contexts & Elda De Waal (Eds.) NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series Volume 1 NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series Volume 1 Human rights in diverse education contexts Human rights in diverse & Elda de Waal (eds.) & Elda de Waal J.P. Rossouw J.P. education contexts Edited by: J.P. Rossouw & Elda de Waal NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series Volume 1 Human rights in diverse education contexts Published by AOSIS (Pty) Ltd, 15 Oxford Street, Durbanville 7550, Cape Town, South Africa Postnet Suite #110, Private Bag X19, Durbanville 7551, South Africa Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.aosis.co.za Copyright © J.P. Rossouw & Elda de Waal (eds.). Licensee: AOSIS (Pty) Ltd The moral right of the author has been asserted. Cover image: Original design created with the use of provided image. The image is https:// cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/09/13/08/44/library-1666702__340.jpg Published in 2019 Impression: 1 ISBN: 978-1-928523-01-7 (print) ISBN: 978-1-928523-02-4 (ebook) ISBN: 978-1-928523-03-1 (pdf) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2019.BK158 How to cite this work: Rossouw, J.P. & De Waal, E. (eds.), 2019, ‘Human rights in diverse education contexts’, in NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series Volume 1, pp. i–356, AOSIS, Cape Town. NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series ISSN: 2706-9125 Series Editor: Elda de Waal Printed and bound in South Africa. Listed in OAPEN (http://www.oapen.org), DOAB (http://www.doabooks.org/) and indexed by Google Scholar. Some rights reserved. This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), a copy of which is available at https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Enquiries outside the terms of the Creative Commons licence should be sent to the Rights Department, AOSIS, at the above address or to [email protected] The publisher accepts no responsibility for any statement made or opinion expressed in this publication. Consequently, the publishers and copyright holder will not be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any reader as a result of his or her action upon any statement or opinion in this work. Links by third-party websites are provided by AOSIS in good faith and for information only. AOSIS disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third-party website referenced in this work. Every effort has been made to protect the interest of copyright holders. Should any infringement have occurred inadvertently, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the omission in the event of a reprint. NWU Education and Human Rights in Diversity Series Volume 1 Human rights in diverse education contexts Edited by: J.P. Rossouw & Elda de Waal Social Sciences, Humanities, Education & Business Management domain editorial board at AOSIS Commissioning Editor: Scholarly Books Andries van Aarde, Post Retirement Professor in the Dean’s Office, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Board Members Jan Botha, Professor in the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa Joan Hambidge, Deputy Dean at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Cape Town and Professor at the School of Languages and Literatures, Cape Town, South Africa Sakari Häkkinen, Dean of the Diocese of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland Glenna Jackson, Associate Editor, Professor Chair, Department of Religion and Philosophy, Otterbein University, Westerville, OH, United States of America Gregory C. Jenkins, Dean-elect, St George’s College, Jerusalem, Israel Reina-Marie Loader, Director and Filmmaker, Cinéma Humain, Vienna, Austria Babita Marthur-Helm, Senior Lecturer, Organisational Transformation & Development; Managing Diversity Gender Empowerment, University of Stellenbosch Business School, Stellenbosch, South Africa Christopher Mbazira, Professor of Law & Coordinator of the Public Interest Law Clinic, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Piet Naudé, Professor of Ethics related to Politics, Economics and Business and Director, University of Stellenbosch Business School, Stellenbosch, South Africa Charles Neill, Professor, Department of Business Administration, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk, Cairo Governorate, Egypt Cornelia Pop, Full Professor at the Department of Business, Faculty of Business, Babes- Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Michael Schratz, Professor, Institut für LehrerInnenbildung und Schulforschung, Dekan der School of Education, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Johann Tempelhoff, Professor, Research Niche for Cultural Dynamics of Water (CuDyWat), School of Basic Sciences, Vaal Triangle Campus of North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Anthony Turton, Professor, Centre for Environmental Management and Director, TouchStone Resources, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Willie L. van der Merwe, Professor & Chair, Philosophy of Religion, Apologetics and Encyclopaedia of Theology and Professor Extraordinary, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Christi van der Westhuizen, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Joke van Saane, Professor, Amsterdam Center for the Study of Lived Religion, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Paul van Tongeren, Professor, Department Philosophy, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands Robert G. Varady, Deputy Director and Research Professor of Environmental Policy, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America Anné H. Verhoef, Associate Editor, Professor, Faculty of Arts: School of Philosophy, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Xiao Yun Zheng, Professor and Assistant President of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (YASS) and Director of International Center for Ecological Culture Studies (ICECS-YASS), Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, Kunming City, China Peer review declaration The publisher (AOSIS) endorses the South African ‘National Scholarly Book Publishers Forum Best Practice for Peer Review of Scholarly Books’. The manuscript was subjected to a rigorous two-step peer review process prior to publication, with the identities of the reviewers not revealed to the author(s). The reviewers were independent of the publisher and/or authors in question. The reviewers commented positively on the scholarly merits of the manuscript and recommended that the manuscript should be published. Where the reviewers recommended revision and/or improvements to the manuscript, the authors responded adequately to such recommendations. Research Justification The focus of this publication is on answering the central research question: How can Human Rights be advanced with regard to different kinds of diversities, and in different educational settings? The publication pays special attention to the advancement of human rights in a variety of education-related contexts, in keeping with human rights as a declared national priority for both society at large and the education system. One strategic priority of the Faculty of Education is research based on market requirements and needs. This book strives towards meeting this expectation by directly aiming at building human rights and social justice in the South African society, public schools and higher education institutions. Adjudication in the education context of the constitutional values of dignity, equality and freedom focusses regularly on learners. The book highlights the value of education for full-fledged citizenship by delineating what schooling should entail to inspire learners towards both claiming equal freedoms and rights and taking accountability for the responsibilities attached to citizenship. Although freedom of religion, belief, thought, conscience and opinion is protected as a human right in most democracies, the fundamental difference between allowing freedom of religion in the private sphere and accommodating religious diversity at school deserves scholarly scrutiny. Aggression and violence at South African schools unfortunately seem to not only be in an upward spiral, but research also shows that destructive behaviour makes school environments unsafe, inhibiting effective teaching and learning. Social ills from communities and families have a deleterious impact on schools, pointing to the need for analysing the value of human rights-based approaches at the school level. With the world taking shape in the 21st century, the intersection between Human Rights Education and Global Citizenship Education is explored. On the teacher level, four concepts in South African schooling – namely, teacher professionalism, professionalisation of teaching, teacher unionism and the law – need to be promoted collectively and congruently to improve the quality of education in general. In Higher Education (HE), the role of affect as an integral part of reason in discursive interactions that deal with moral dilemmas, such as those related to the practice of racism, is deliberated. Aspects of fairness and competitiveness in diverse drives towards research productivity are explored, and how they relate to social justice. The rights and satisfaction of students as paying consumers and HE interested parties have become more prominent, which has led to a
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