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Did Jesus Die As Our Substitute?

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Did Jesus Die As Our Substitute? The Alpharetta Bible Study Breaking Down The Middle Wall Of Partition Taking A Little Closer Look At the Jew-Gentile Thing August 3-7, 2015 Hosted By Allan Turner Accommodations Provided By: Allan And Anita Turner Lunch & Dinner Catered By: Anita Turner, Allison Turner, And Holly (Turner) Johnson A Short Introductory Survey Of The Book Of Romans Marc W. Gibson A survey is a general view, examination, or description of someone or something. To survey a plot of land one must determine the boundaries and layout of that particular piece of real estate. To survey a book of the Bible, one must determine the intended purpose, arrangement, and thesis of the author. Inspiration The epistle to the Romans was written by Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ (1:1). As an apostle, Paul received the revelation of Christ by the Holy Spirit which he then delivered by speaking and writing the words that the Spirit taught (1 Cor. 2:7-13; Eph. 3:3-5). Paul alludes to the inspiration (God-breathed–2 Tim. 3:16-17) of Romans when he wrote: 15 Nevertheless, brethren, I have written more boldly to you on some points, as reminding you, because of the grace given to me by God, 16 that I might be a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. (15:15-16)1 He speaks here of the grace given to him by God to reveal the gospel of God as a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles. It is because of this grace given to him that he wrote this epistle as a reminder to them. This is, in effect, an affirmation by Paul of the divine inspiration of his epistle.2 Peter’s statement about Paul’s epistles also affirms the inspiration of the book of Romans: 14 Therefore, beloved, looking forward to these things, be diligent to be found by Him in peace, without spot and blameless; 15 and consider that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation—as also our beloved brother Paul, according to the wisdom given to him, has written to you, 16 as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction, as they do also the rest of the Scriptures. (2 Peter 3:14-16) 1 Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations will be taken from the New King James Version. 2 In Ephesians 3:2-3, Paul speaks of the “dispensation of the grace of God which was given to me for you, how that by revelation He made known to me the mystery (as I wrote before in a few words, by which, when you read, you may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ)…” By the grace of God given to him as an apostle, Paul was able to write and preach (v. 8) the “unsearchable riches of Christ,” i.e. the gospel of Christ. 1 Whether Peter had the book of Romans specifically in mind when he states that Paul had written that “the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation” cannot be known definitively, but Paul did speak of the subject in Romans (2:4; 9:22). Nevertheless, Peter goes on to say that Paul had spoken of these things “according to the wisdom given to him” in “all his epistles,” in which were “some things hard to understand” that some twisted to their own destruction “as they do also “the rest of the Scriptures.” This phrase “the rest of the Scriptures” clearly identifies the epistles of Paul, including Romans, as part of the canon of those writings known as the “Scriptures” (divinely-inspired writings – “God-breathed” theopneustos 2 Tim. 3:16).3 Purpose Paul’s purpose in writing the epistle is to both doctrinal and practical. It was doctrinal in that he declared the saving gospel of Christ for both Jew and Gentile. There appeared to be questions and tensions among the Jewish and Gentile Christians in Rome. Paul lays forth the reason (sin), plan (justification by faith in Christ), and benefits (reconciliation, spiritual-mindedness, hope) of the salvation revealed by God in the gospel of Christ.4 In addition, Paul addresses God’s plan concerning the Jews and how their rejection of Christ had resulted in salvation coming to the Gentiles, and then again to the Jews. It is practical in that Paul deals with the problematic attitude of pride in both Jews and Gentiles, as well as the obligations that Christians have to the body of believers, government, and brethren who differed in matters of liberties. Underlying all of this is the fact that Paul plans to visit Rome on his way to evangelize Spain. He is looking forward to the opportunity to stop by Rome to preach the gospel and enjoy the company of Christians he has known and would like to know. He first must go to Jerusalem to deliver the gift of benevolence sent by the churches of Achaia and Macedonia to the poor among the saints in Jerusalem. Thesis The thesis of Romans is summed up in two major themes: 1) God, according to His righteousness and the gospel, has freely by grace, through the death of His Son, provided to all sinners, Jew and Gentile, justification by faith in Christ Jesus, and all things within this divine purpose work together for good to all who love God and are called by Him. 2) Those justified by faith in Christ are to live with a spiritual walk according to a renewed spirit of mind, presenting their bodies as living sacrifices in faithful service to God, with both Jew and Gentile rejoicing together in the Holy Spirit and eagerly 3 “The result of the whole discussion is practically to compel us to take τὰς λοιπὰς γραφάς in the obvious sense ‘the rest of the Scriptures,’ and we cannot escape the conclusion that the Epistles of Paul are classed with these” (Nicoll). 4 The book of Galatians deals with some of the same points concerning justification by faith as opposed to justification by deeds of the law, but is more polemic because of the immediate danger of those who were “turning away so soon” to a “different gospel” (Gal. 1:6-7) (see Bruce 30-31). 2 awaiting the hope of the redemption of the body unto eternal life at the final resurrection. The second theme is argued upon the truth of the first theme. The first theme is the dominant theme in the first eleven chapters, while the second theme begins to be interwoven into the first theme in chapters 6-8 and becomes the dominant subject in chapters 12-16.5 Arrangement And Message The flow of the epistle is evident as one examines its contents. After introductory comments (1:1-15), Paul begins with a propositional statement of truth concerning the gospel of Christ (1:16-17) after which he begins the first major section of doctrinal teaching (1:18-11:36). Paul proceeds to show the need of gospel salvation due to the fact that all men have sinned, both Gentiles and Jews (1:18-3:20). Since all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, it is impossible to be justified by deeds of the law (perfect law-keeping). Paul affirms that justification is free by the grace of God through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus to all who believe (3:21-31). Abraham is offered by Paul as a supreme example of being justified by faith (grace), and not by works (debt; perfect law-keeping). This was true before he was circumcised and when he received the sign of circumcision, making him the father of all who walk in the steps of faith (ch. 4). Justification by faith carries with it benefits including peace, perseverance, hope, reconciliation, and rejoicing because Christ died for us (5:1-11). Adam and Christ are contrasted, with Adam representing condemnation and death and Christ representing abundant grace and eternal life (5:12-21). Paul then deals with certain questions that he anticipates will arise in response to the doctrine of Christ. Should one continue in sin that grace may abound? Paul answers in the negative, noting that one who has been baptized into the death of Christ is freed from sin, having died to it, and has become alive in Christ to present his members [body] as instruments of righteousness. Sin has no dominion over one who is under [justified by] grace (forgiveness) and not under [justified by] law (condemnation). Again, Paul denies that one should sin under grace. It is unthinkable that one would live in sin who has been freed from sin by obeying the doctrine of Christ. God’s gift is eternal life to those set free from sin (ch. 6). Here we also see Paul beginning to show that one justified by faith is expected to live in a way consistent with being raised to a new spiritual life. Next, Paul makes it clear that those married to Christ have become dead to the law to serve God in the newness of the spirit (7:1-6). Paul then answers whether the law is sin 5 Clinton Hamilton explains that “the first 11 chapters are argumentative, or from Paul’s argument concerning the principle of the justification by faith. Chapters 12 through 16 which are hortatory, are based on the argumentative section.
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