Advancing
the dialogue Canada Institute
Report on Activities APRIL 1, 2007 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2008
Woodrow Wilson Center Mission Statement The Woodrow Wilson Center is the national, living memorial honoring President Woodrow Wilson. It provides an essential link between the worlds of ideas and pub- lic policy in order to address current and future domestic and global challenges. The Center fosters policy-relevant research and dialogue to enhance the capabilities and knowledge of public and private sector leaders, citizens, and institutions worldwide. Created by an Act of Congress, the Center is a non-partisan institution supported by both public and private funds.
Canada Institute Mission Statement
The Canada Institute of the Woodrow Wilson Center strives to increase awareness and knowledge about Canada and Canada-U.S. issues among U.S. policymakers and opinion leaders.
Knowledge in the public service 2 Note
from Lee H. Hamilton
The Woodrow Wilson International Center maintain a strong and open relationship for Scholars was established by the between our two countries. United States Congress in 1968 to honor Since its establishment in 2001, David the memory of the 28th president. The Biette and his staff have done an excel- Center is headquartered in Washington, lent job establishing the Canada Institute D.C., and is the living, national memorial as the premier forum in Washington to President Wilson. to discuss important bilateral issues. The Wilson Center’s mission is to com- Through ongoing efforts to host events memorate the ideals and concerns of in new locations across Canada and the Woodrow Wilson by providing a link be- United States, the Canada Institute con- tween the worlds of ideas and the world tinues to reach a broader and more di- of policy and by fostering research, verse audience. The Institute also facili- study, discussion, and collaboration tates the exchange of Canadian and U.S. among a broad spectrum of individu- scholars, which further promotes the free als concerned with policy and scholar- flow of ideas and perspectives across our ship in national and international af- border. Such initiatives have played a fairs. At the Woodrow Wilson Center, crucial role in keeping Canada front and Lee H. Hamilton we bring together the thinkers and center in the United States, and helps President and Director the doers—policymakers, scholars, jour- keep both Canadians and Americans Woodrow Wilson International nalists, and business leaders—in the informed of our continually evolving Center for Scholars hope that a frank and open dialogue will relationship. lead to better understanding, coopera- I remain deeply indebted to the Canada of Commerce, and the numerous corpora- tion, and public policy. Institute’s Advisory Board for its con- tions and individuals who have supported Like other programs at the Center, the tinued guidance and support of the the awards dinners, most recently held Canada Institute does not have a leg- Institute’s impressive range of program- in Montreal. Their contributions have al- islative or policy agenda. The Canada ming. I must thank C. Warren Goldring, lowed the Canada Institute to continue its Institute provides a much needed non- whose leadership and efforts have been mission of deepening understanding, co- partisan forum to discuss current and essential in expanding the Institute’s pro- operation, and communication between emerging issues in the U.S.–Canada gramming into Canada. Canada and the United States. These ef- relationship. These forums remain es- I must also recognize the generous forts will remain instrumental in building sential in highlighting the importance support of the Canada Institute’s donors, a more prosperous and conscientious re- of the bilateral relationship and help particularly the Canadian Imperial Bank lationship between our two countries. ■
1 Message
from Canada Institute Director
riety of stakeholders from both sides of continued to draw an increasing amount the border—including members of the of interest from a variety of sectors in- public, private, academic and not-for- volved with energy issues. As always, we profit sectors—have the opportunity to are grateful to have Global Public Affairs voice their opinion, concerns, and ideas and the Canadian Centre for Energy on bilateral issues in a non-partisan, Information as partners in producing open forum. these highly successful forums. The Institute’s Cross-Border Forums on As with our programming, the Canada Energy Issues represent a concrete exam- Institute’s publications aim to bring both ple of how our programs have grown and a Canadian and American perspective on developed over the years. The forums are important bilateral issues. Our One Issue a regular part of the Institute’s program- Two Voices series gives voice to Canadian ming and offer a unique opportunity for and American perspectives on a range of senior-level Canadian and U.S. govern- topics. The series takes an idea and looks ment officials, energy experts, and in- at it from each side of the Canada-U.S. dustry representatives to discuss North border—not necessarily from opposite America’s current and emerging energy points of view, but from the perspective of issues. the author’s country, in order to encour- As part of our ongoing work to expand David N. Biette age additional dialogue on the issue. In Director the series’ dialogue beyond the capital, the Canada Institute Institute hosted its eighth energy forum in most cases, the Canada Institute accom- San Francisco, California, attracting a di- panies the release of the publication with verse audience of energy stakeholders from a public conference that promotes con- Canada and the United States’ Western re- versation and enables alternative views At the forefront of the Canada Institute’s gion. Our ninth forum, held in March 2008, to be voiced. Recently, we have tried to mission is to promote dialogue on bi- saw our highest number of participants host a conference for each new issue in lateral issues between Canada and the ever, as well as an unprecedented level both Canada and the United States to en- United States. Our efforts to fulfill this of interest from corporate sponsors—a gage a broader audience from both sides goal remains focused on ensuring a va- definite indication of how the series has of the border in the discussion.
2 We recognize the value of collaborating with new organizations in an effort to focus on important topics within the bilateral relationship, as well as to co-host conferences in new locations in Canada and the United States.
Façade, Palais des Congrès de Montréal
The Canada Institute continues to seek 2008, that assessed climate change and into new areas. In early September 2008, opportunities to expand its program- competitiveness issues. the Canada Institute held a strategic ming, often through partnering with We do not always have to look far for planning retreat to consider the focus of Canadian and American organizations opportunities to form new partnerships. its programming, and how to organize that share our goal of exploring current When possible, the Canada Institute col- the Advisory Board in a manner that and emerging issues in Canada-U.S. rela- laborates with other programs in the fully utilizes its members’ expertise and tions. Through the years, we have come Woodrow Wilson Center in an effort to experience. to greatly appreciate the value of lasting reach a broader audience and explore new As always, we recognize that our work partnerships and recognize the value issues. This past year alone, the Institute would not be possible without the contin- of collaborating with new organizations has partnered with the Center’s Project on ued support of our donors. I would like to in an effort to focus on important topics Leadership and Building State Capacity; thank C. Warren Goldring and the Canada within the bilateral relationship, as well the Science, Technology, America, and Institute on North American Issues for as to co-host conferences in new loca- the Global Economy program; the Mexico their continued support of the Canada tions in Canada and the United States. Institute; the Environmental Change and Institute’s activities in Canada. We are A recent initiative in this area included Security Program; and the Global Energy also grateful to the corporations and indi- the Canada Institute’s partnership with Initiative. viduals who participated in the Woodrow the Ottawa-based Public Policy Forum Our efforts to improve and broaden our Wilson Awards dinner in Montreal. Their to organize a two-day conference explor- programming are achieved with a talented generosity has been a fundamental part ing bilateral opportunities to address and dedicated staff. Stephanie McLuhan, of the Canada Institute’s extraordinary climate change in Canada and the United our program consultant in Toronto, has success and growth over the past year. ■ States. The event was held at the Wilson continued to do an outstanding job orga- Center in May of 2007 and generated nizing the Institute’s events in Canada. considerable interest among govern- We also benefit tremendously from the ment officials, industry representatives, guidance and support of our Advisory and environmentalists on both sides of Board. Gerry McCaughey, who serves as the border. To build on this success, the chair of the Institute’s Advisory Board, Canada Institute partnered once again has been instrumental in overseeing the with the Public Policy Forum for a timely Canada Institute’s continued develop- follow-up event, held in Ottawa on June 4, ment and expansion of our programming
3 Publications
Free Trade in Free Fall? Canada–U.S. Nontariff Barriers 1 Health Care in Crisis 1
THE CANADA INSTITUTE The CaNada INSTITUTe THe Canada InsTITuTe 1 One Issue, One Issue, One Issue, 2 Two Voices Two Voices Two Voices Free Trade in Free Fall? Health Care in Crisis: The drive for Canada–U.S. Competitiveness: Canada–U.S. Nontariff Barriers Health Reform in Canada and the united states The Productivity Gap: Drawing on expertise from both sides of the Our authors flag the key nontariff barriers undercut- Drawing on expertise from both sides of the doing business and sheltering Canadian industry from Canada–U.S. border, the One Issue, Two Voices series ting trade and prescribe ways to tackle them. Hufbauer Canada–U.S. border, the One Issue, Two Voices series is domestic and international competition. Hodgson main- is designed to stimulate dialogue on policy issues describes the border as an obstacle that reduces trade by Drawing on expertise from both sides of the principles of access and funding between the two designed to stimulate dialogue on policy issues that have tains that a national business and regulatory environment that have a significant impact the bilateral relation- about 50 percent. He cites separate U.S.–Canada curren- Canada-U.S. border, the One Issue, Two Voices medical systems. series is designed to stimulate dialogue on policy Marmor points out that in the 1970s the United a significant impact on the bilateral relationship. This sev- is crucial to boosting productivity. ship. This eighth issue examines the extent to which cies as a major hindrance and says a common currency issues that are key to understanding the bilateral States and Canada each spent about 7 percent of enth issue compares the economic performance of In contrast to Hodgson’s picture of Canada’s mediocre the smooth flow of goods and people across the might boost cross-border trade by as much as 70 percent. relationship. This ninth issue is a special expanded GDP on medical care. Thirty-five years later, the Canada and the United States, focusing on the widening economic growth, Triplett describes how U.S. productivi- border is being eroded by mounting restrictions. Similarly, he suggests that Canada could provide a quick edition looking at the Canadian and American United States spends almost 50 percent more than productivity gap between the two countries. Authors ty has taken off since 1995, after two decades of stagnant Authors Gary Hufbauer and Claire Brunel of the solution to eliminating regulatory trade barriers simply health care systems. Authors Antonia Maioni Canada, and patients pay the highest out-of-pocket Glen Hodgson of the Conference Board of Canada and productivity performance. In his opinion, the conversion Peterson Institute for International Economics and by adopting large swaths of U.S. standards. He recognizes, of McGill University’s Institute for Health and charges in the world. These costs and the rate of Jack Triplett of the Brookings Institution are leading from stagnant to vibrant productivity performance in the Michael Hart of Carleton University’s Norman however, that although these measures would benefit Social Policy and Theodore Marmor of the Yale increase are at the core of the coverage problems in international economists. Together they compare how U.S. services sector is one of the most remarkable econom- Paterson School of International Affairs are leading Canada economically, Canadians would view them as a international trade experts. Here they assess the cost mass surrender of sovereignty. Hart also targets regulatory University School of Management are leading the United States. our countries measure up in terms of economic pro- ic transformations of all time. He emphasizes that services of U.S.–Canada nontariff barriers in terms of eco- differences as blocking trade between the United States international health policy experts. Together they According to Maioni, the principal challenges to ductivity and competitiveness. growth accounts for most of the difference between the nomic prosperity and global competitiveness. and Canada, but he differs from Hufbauer in his solu- provide a comparative perspective on the medical Canada’s much-vaunted universal health care system In the past decade, the U.S. economy has generat- recent productivity performance of the United States and In theory, the Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement tion. Both countries, he says, should agree that all new or care systems in both countries and outline the are the fiscal capacity and political will of governments ed a surge in productivity, in sharp contrast to weak that of other advanced countries, including Canada. Thus, and NAFTA reduced the red tape involved in cross- amended regulatory requirements be convergent, unless disputes over reform. to foot the bills for health care and the increased reli- growth in Canada. Each author critically assesses services must feature prominently in any attempt to explain ing the border, but, in practice, regulations have mul- there is a compelling reason to regulate differently. In the past two decades, the health care sys- ance on private spending in some areas. In theory, health the state of his country’s economy, highlighting international differences in productivity growth rates. tiplied. Even before 9/11, the border had become Both authors express concern that increased security tems in Canada and the United States have care is available to all on an equal basis but, in practice, the causes of the disparity in productivity per- Although the authors agree that the services sector in a dysfunctional place in dire need of an overhaul measures and reduced trust threaten to choke cross-border been scrutinized as either the cure for all ills up to 5 million Canadians go without consistent care formance. In his essay, Hodgson states that the United States is the source of both faster productivity to accommodate the tripling of trade volume trade. Hart maintains that the border protects Canadians or the spectre of what not to do in health because of the shortage of primary care doctors. Canada’s lagging productivity directly affects growth and the U.S.–Canada productivity gap, they say over the past 20 years. Although both the and Americans from each other, but not from global secu- care reform. Today, significant majorities of The Canada Institute thanks the authors for their its standard of living. He says that the first they cannot fully explain the causes without further United States and Canada stand to gain rity threats, and that failure to rebuild trust will doom Canadians and Americans are demand- contributions to the understanding of a vital topic step to stopping Canada’s sliding income research. economically from minimizing impedi- prospects for North American economic integration. ing reform—universal coverage in the in the ongoing bilateral dialogue. We are grateful to growth relative to that of the United The Canada Institute thanks the authors for their con- ments to the movement of merchan- The Canada Institute thanks the authors for their con- United States and privatization in the Canada Institute on North American Issues for States is the creation of a single tributions to our understanding of a controversial topic in dise and people between them, the tributions to our understanding of a complex topic in the Canada—but disagreeing on what its support. Canadian market. Currently, myr- the ongoing dialogue. We are grateful to the Canada asymmetry in their relationship ongoing bilateral dialogue. We are grateful to the Canada it should ultimately be. Each means that it falls to Canada, Institute on North American Issues for its support. iad regulatory barriers between Institute on North American Issues for its support. author assesses the issues Stephanie McLuhan and among provinces con- the smaller economy, to ini- prompting reform and Stephanie McLuhan Program Consultant (Toronto), Canada Institute tribute to the declining Stephanie McLuhan tiate action. describes the different Program Consultant (Toronto), Canada Institute April 2008 productivity by rais- Program Consultant (Toronto), Canada Institute February 2008 ISSUE SEVEN ing the cost of June 2007
Glen Hodgson and Jack Triplett, “Canada- Gary Hufbauer, Claire Brunel, and Antonia Maioni and Theodore Marmor, U.S. Competitiveness: The Productivity Michael Hart, “Free Trade in Free Fall? “Health Care in Crisis: The Drive for Gap,” One Issue, Two Voices, Issue 7 Canada-U.S. Nontariff Barriers,” Health Reform in Canada and the United (June 2007) One Issue, Two Voices, Issue 8 States,” One Issue, Two Voices, Issue 9 (February 2008) (April 2008)
WOODROW WILSON CENTER CROSS-BORDER FORUM ON ENERGY ISSUES
Advancing the Energy Dialogue Enhancing the Energy Dialogue
he Canada Institute of the Woodrow traditional sources of energy in North America, WoodroW Wilson Center Cross-Border Forum on energy issues Wilson International Center for Scholars with a specific focus on the development of Canada Institute T and the Canadian Centre for Energy Canada’s oil sands. Participants agreed on several Information co-hosted the sixth Cross-Border key issues including “taking the long view” when Forum on Energy Issues in conjunction with Global approaching the development of oil sands, and a he Canada Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Public Affairs, The Energy Council, and the market-based approach to energy policy. Attendees and the Canadian Centre for Energy Information continue their series of Embassy of Canada on October 12 and 13, 2006. also addressed the challenges of developing the oil Cross-Border Forums on Energy Issues. The ninth Energy Forum was held The forum, held at the Wilson Center in sands including lowering costs and building suffi- T on March 6, 2008 at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., and explored Washington, D.C., looked at “Security and cient infrastructure such as pipelines and refineries. The C. Warren Goldring Assurance of the North American Energy System.” Notably, the consensus of the event was that the current initiatives, challenges, and potential bilateral opportunities to further the devel- Canada Institute opment and implementation of carbon capture and storage. The sixth iteration of the successful cross-border largest challenge facing the industry is timing; it Annual Lecture on forum series built on earlier opportunities for impor- seems that “it’s crunch time.” The acclaimed Cross-Border Energy Forums have become an important, honest, and tant sector-specific dialogue and has become an The fifth forum was held March 2, 2006; the pro- open gathering of the energy sectors in both Canada and the United States. What began important, honest, and open gathering of the ener- gram, “Investing in the North American Electricity as a dialogue on a range of business issues between senior industry, academic, and govern- Canada-U.S. Relations gy sectors in both the United States and Canada. System,” considered challenges for expanding elec- ment representatives on both sides of the border has evolved into a regular, structured What began as a dialogue on a range of business tricity generation, transmission, and distribution in exchange of views on the challenges confronting the energy sector in North America. issues between senior industry, academic, and gov- North America. The challenges of harnessing capital To ensure substantive discussion and interaction, the format for the forums revolves ernment representatives on both sides of the border in order to revamp a seriously under-funded elec- around a closed-door discussion among participants initiated by presentations from has evolved into a regular, structured exchange of tricity system are immense. Risks and uncertainty in guest panelists. Participation is limited to a select group of Canadian and U.S. govern- views on the challenges confronting the energy sec- the regulatory environment, the political sphere, and ment and regulatory officials, industry officials, and energy experts whose knowledge tor in North America. the market structure are difficult hurdles to over- of the issues and interest in cross-border energy trade ensure a candid exchange of To ensure substantive discussion and interaction, come. The subsequent closed-door discussion yield- opinions and thorough discussion of key—and sometimes difficult—questions. As such, the format for the forums revolves around a closed- ed a sense of “cautious optimism” about the the forums are intended to foster and sustain an ongoing dialogue between stakeholders door discussion among participants initiated by prospects for progress in modernizing and expanding in each country’s energy sector. presentations from guest panelists. Participation is the electrical grid. But what was absolutely clear was The Canada Institute has worked with the Canadian Centre for Energy Information, limited to a select group of industry and govern- the need for continued cross-border cooperation and Global Public Affairs in Calgary, the Canadian Consulate General in San Francisco, and ment representatives whose knowledge of the issues joint management of the electricity system. the Embassy of Canada to organize these forums. and interest in cross-border energy trade ensure a The sixth forum was held in Washington and ana- The seventh forum, “Innovation, Science, and Technology: Pathway to Progress in a candid exchange of opinions and thorough discus- lyzed efforts to assure the capacity to withstand dis- North American Market,” took place at the Woodrow Wilson Center on March 8, 2007 sion of key—and sometimes difficult—questions. ruptions to the cross-border energy system. The to discuss ways to balance environmental and economic goals through technological As such, the forums are intended to foster and sus- two-day program—a first in the Cross-Border innovation. One of the key themes to emerge from the forum was the critical need to Richard N. Haass tain an ongoing dialogue between stakeholders in Forums on Energy Issues series—looked at “Security upgrade North America’s aging electrical system. Panelists and participants called for each country’s energy sector. and Assurance of the North American Energy increased investment in North America’s electrical infrastructure, and noted that this “Navigating the Post-Cold War, The Canada Institute has worked with the System.” As the two countries’ energy sectors could be done in a fashion that reduces electric sector emissions if emphasis is placed Post-9/11 World” Canadian Centre for Energy Information, Global become more integrated, our need to be mutually on developing and implementing carbon capture and storage and other non-emitting Public Affairs in Calgary, and the Embassy of Canada prepared for Hurricane Katrina-like natural disasters sources of energy such as nuclear power. The forum also revealed a general consensus to organize these forums. or terrorist attacks becomes vital. over the pressing need to address the skills shortage in the energy sector and the impor- May 1, 2007 The fourth forum, “Discovering the Possibilities The next round of energy forums begins on tance of integrating the issue of public education into future discussions of meeting of North American Petroleum Production,” took March 8, 2007 with a focus on “Energy Innovation, energy challenges. place on October 17, 2005 and considered policy, Science and Technology: Pathway to Progress in a regulatory, and market access challenges for non- North American Market.”
Advancing the Energy Dialogue, Enhancing the Energy Dialogue, Haass, Richard N., “Navigating the Post Woodrow Wilson Center Cross-Border Woodrow Wilson Center Cross-Border Cold-War, Post 9/11 World,” C. Warren Forums on Energy Issues, Forums on Energy Issues, Goldring Annual Lecture on Canada-US Proceedings 4, 5, 6 (March 2007) Proceedings 7, 8, 9 (September 2008) Relations (May 2007)
4 Programs and Selected Summaries
April 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008
• All affiliations in this report reflect the title and affiliation of the individual The Canada Institute maintains a full ar- to the Wilson Center in November 2007 at the time of the event chive of its events available on its web- to take part in a panel discussion on the site, featuring a brief summary of each of future of NAFTA and the challenges of re- its programs, live webcasts of events, as forming the agreement. In June of 2008, • Summaries of programs well as web links and related publications the Canada Institute hosted Pamela Wallin, are available on the for those interested in acquiring a deeper a member of the Independent Panel on Canada Institute website, understanding of the issues addressed Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, Joel www.WilsonCenter.org/Canada by the Canada Institute. Sokolsky of the Royal Military College of Each program section is followed by an Canada, Thomas Lynch of the Brookings • Unless otherwise noted, events event summary, providing a spectrum of Institution, and Charles Barry of the took place in Washington, D.C., topics covered by the Institute, and cap- National Defense University, for a program at the Woodrow Wilson Center ture the range of perspectives, ideas, and on “NATO’s Evolving Role in Afghanistan.” initiatives that are brought to the fore in The Canada Institute also hosts pro- • indicates webcast of event is the Canada Institute’s programming. grams that focus on generating dialogue archived at the Canada Institute Bilateral energy and environmental is- on “issues of the day” between Canada website sues remain cornerstones in the Institute’s and the United States. The Institute’s programming. The first summary included program exploring emerging Arctic is- in this section, the ninth Woodrow Wilson sues between Canada, the United Center Cross-Border Forum on Energy States, and other nations represented Issues, examines the viability of using one such event. The program featured carbon capture and storage as a means of presentations with Arctic experts Rob reducing carbon emissions in both Canada Huebert of the University of Calgary and and the United States. Michael Byers of the University of British Bilateral defense and trade issues Columbia, as well as a timely discussion also feature prominently in the Canada among participants exploring potential Institute’s programming. Former Canada security threats and emerging economic Institute scholar Carol Wise of the opportunities that accompany the possi- University of Southern California returned bility of an ice-free arctic. ■
City Hall, Montréal
5 Energy and the Environment
Climate Change: An David Lewin, senior vice president, Opportunity for a EPCOR Bi-Lateral Approach Edward Lowe, general manager, May 22-23, 2007 Gasification Market Development, GE Energy Co-sponsored with the Public Policy Forum Generating a Competitive Advantage in a Carbon- DAY ONE Constrained Future: What Welcoming Remarks Does it Mean for Business David Biette, director, Canada Institute, and Capital Markets? Woodrow Wilson Center Diana Smallridge, managing director, Jodi White, president, Public Policy David Manning Green Capital Advisors Forum Introduction Fred Wellington, senior financial analyst, Peter Harder, senior policy adviser, World Resources Institute Keynote Address Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP Matthew Kiernan, chief executive, The Honourable Jim Prentice, minister of William A. Pizer, senior fellow, Resources Innovest Strategic Value Advisors Indian Affairs and Northern Development for the Future (co-chair) and chair, Cabinet Committee on Water in the West: Water Environment and Energy Security Regulatory Resources Conference Harmonization and Transboundary Water Policy Issues: Closing Remarks Emissions Trading The Western North American Region Gerry Protti, executive vice president, John Drexhage, director of the October 5, 2007 corporate relations, and president, Off- Energy and Climate Change Program, Shore and International Division, EnCana Calgary, Alberta International Institute for Sustainable Corporation; chairman of the Public Development Co-hosted with the University of Policy Forum board of directors Calgary’s Institute for United States Barry Rabe, professor of public policy, Policy Research, the Canada West University of Michigan DAY TWO Foundation, Network on North American David Manning, senior vice president, Studies in Canada, and the Institute for Opening Remarks corporate affairs, Keyspan Energy Advanced Policy Research David Biette, director, Canada Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center Driving Technological Jodi White, president, Public Policy Innovation Forum Gordon Lambert, vice president, sustain- able development, Suncor Energy Inc.
6 Welcome and Abe Springer, Fulbright Chair, University Canada as the Next Introductions of Lethbridge, “If the Water Stops Energy Superpower: Going Over the Mountain: The Arizona Douglas Walker, associate vice president Testing the Case Groundwater Management Code in the (research), University of Calgary Verde River Basin” October 29, 2007 David Biette, director, Canada Institute, Ted Horbyluk, Department of Economics, Ottawa, Ontario Woodrow Wilson Center University of Calgary, “Putting a Price on Co-sponsored with the Canadian Defence Roger Gibbins, president and CEO, Alberta’s Water” and Foreign Affairs Institute, the Canada West Foundation Canadian Centre for Energy Information, Michael Hawes, Network on North LunchEON ADDRESS Centre d’études des politiques American Studies in Canada étrangères et de sécurité (Université du Introduction by Stephen J. Randall, Québec à Montréal), the Centre for Ron Kneebone, director, Institute for Institute for United States Policy Security and Defence Studies (Carleton Advanced Policy Research, University Research, University of Calgary University), Université Laval, and of Calgary The Honorable Rob Renner, Minister of Queen’s University the Environment, Government of Alberta Keynote Address Welcoming Remarks Henry Vaux, University of California at Plenary Session Colin Robertson, president, Historica Berkeley, “The Evolution of Water Policy Introduction by David Biette, director, Foundation of Canada Issues in Western North America” Canada Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center Poll Results Plenary Session Lorne Taylor, chair of the Management Greg Lyle, managing director, Innovative Introduction by Ron Kneebone, Institute Board, Alberta Water Research Group Research Group for Advanced Policy Research
Arlene Kwasniak, Canadian Institute Wrap-up Session Keynote Address for Resource Law, “Jurisdictional Introduction by Roger Gibbins, Canada The Hon. Gary Lunn, Minister of Natural Challenges to Implementing Ecosystem West Foundation Resources, Government of Canada Management Approaches to Canada/U.S. Michal Moore, Institute for Sustainable International Watersheds” Energy, Economy and Environment Panel 1: Life as an Energy Nigel Bankes, Canadian Institute for Superpower Kim Sturgess, CEO and founder, Alberta Resource Law, “Transboundary Water WaterSMART Chair: David Pratt, advisor and special Issues in the West from Devil’s Lake to ambassador to the Canadian Red Cross, Robert J. Quint, acting deputy commis- the Columbia River” former minister of National Defence sioner, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Annette Hester, senior associate, Center Plenary Session Department of the Interior for Strategic and International Studies, Introduction by Michael Hawes, Network and fellow, Centre for International on North American Studies in Canada Governance Innovation
7 Energy and the Environment
Mike Cleland, president and chief execu- Closing Remarks tive officer, Canadian Gas Association and Summation
Albert Legault, Canada Research Chair Charles Pentland, professor, Department in International Relations, Université du of Political Studies and director, Centre Québec à Montréal for International Relations, Queen’s University Panel 2: Implications for U.S.-Canada Relations Eighth Cross-Border Energy Chair: David Biette, director, Canada Forum: Understanding Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center the Linkages between Chair: Mark Entwistle, fellow, Canadian Energy, the Environment, Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute and the Economy Pierre Alvarez Deborah Yedlin, business columnist, November 9, 2007 Felix Kwamena, director, Critical Energy Calgary Herald San Francisco, California Infrastructure Protection Division, Dave Pumphrey, deputy director, Energy Natural Resources Canada Held at the Institute for Next Generation Program, and senior fellow, Center for Internet, San Francisco State University James Young, special advisor to the Strategic and International Studies Co-sponsored with the Canadian minister, Public Safety and Emergency Centre for Energy Information, Chevron Matthew T. McManus, acting director, Preparedness Canada Office of International Energy and Corporation, the Canadian Consulate Commodity Policy, U.S. Department Panel 4: Energy, Environment, General in San Francisco, and Global of State and the Arctic Public Affairs Chair: Stéphane Roussel, assistant pro- Welcoming Remarks Keynote Address fessor, Department of Political Science, The Hon. Jim Prentice, Minister of Université du Québec à Montréal; David Biette, director, Canada Institute, Industry, Government of Canada Canada Research Chair in Canadian Woodrow Wilson Center Foreign and Defence Policy; and fellow, Colleen Killingsworth, president, Panel 3: Critical Energy Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Canadian Centre for Energy Information Infrastructure Protection Institute
Chair: Bob Booth, partner, corporate, Rob Huebert, associate professor, Panel Remarks Bennett Jones LLP; director, Canadian Department of Political Science, Joseph Doucet, Enbridge Professor of Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute University of Calgary Energy Policy, director of the University Dave Redman, consultant, former Frédéric Lasserre, associate professor, of Alberta School of Energy and the director of Emergency Management, Department of Geography; director, Environment Government of Alberta Observatoire de recherches internation- Dan Skopec, Climate and Energy ales sur l’eau, Université Laval Consulting
8 Barry Rabe, John Drexhage
Kristi Varangu, chief, International Wrap-Up and Thank You Energy Relations, Natural Resources Pierre Alvarez, chair, Canadian Centre for Canada Energy Information Rhonda Zygocki, vice president, Policy, Colleen Killingsworth, president, Government and Public Affairs, Chevron Canadian Centre for Energy Information Corporation
Fo r u m Closed Door Discussion Welcoming Remarks Jane C.S. Long, associate director at Kent Hughes, director, Global Energy large, Lawrence Livermore National Initiative, Woodrow Wilson Center Laboratory (moderator) Colleen Killingsworth, president, Canadian Centre for Energy Information Luncheon Program Diana Smallridge Pierre Alvarez, president, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers David Lewin, senior vice president, integrated gasification combined cycle development, EPCOR Utilities Inc. Ninth Cross-Border Energy Forum: Carbon Adam Sieminski, chief energy economist, Capture and Storage: Deutsche Bank AG Can We? Should We? Chuck Szmurlo, vice president, energy technology and power generation, March 6, 2008 Enbridge Inc. Co-sponsored with the Canadian Centre for Energy Information, ARC Energy Closed Door Discussion Trust, EnCana, the Canadian Embassy, Jane C.S. Long Patrice Merrin Best, director, Alberta Canadian Energy Pipeline Association, Energy Research Institute (moderator) Global Public Affairs, The Government of Panel Remarks Alberta, The Energy Council, and CLEER Doug Bonner, senior vice president, cor- Lu n c h e o n Pr o g r a m porate development, ARC Energy Trust Welcoming Remarks Br e a k f a s t Pr o g r a m Welcoming Remarks Mark Demchuk, team lead, Weyburn, Paul Connors, counsellor (energy), EnCana Corporation Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C. Mark Demchuk, team lead, Weyburn, EnCana Corporation Eddy Isaacs, executive director, Alberta Fo r u m Wr a p -Up Energy Research Institute Keynote Address Patrice Merrin Best, director, Alberta Jane C.S. Long, associate director, Energy Research Institute (moderator) The Hon. Brad Wall, premier of energy and environment, Lawrence Saskatchewan Livermore National Laboratory
9 Energy and the Environment
Part One: Welcome and PART Three: Water Governance Overview Carolyn Johns, Ryerson University, David Biette, Woodrow Wilson Center “Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Efforts in the Great Lakes: The Significance Stephen Brooks, University of Windsor of National and Sub-National Policy Barry Rabe, University of Michigan Capacity”
William Lowry, Washington University, “Policy Changes on Canadian Rivers”
Marc Gaden, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, “Multi-jurisdictional Governor Dave Freudenthal Governance of the Great Lakes Fishery: Sponsor Introduction Can a Non-Binding Agreement Work?”
The Hon. Shannon Robinson, New Discussant: Michael Kraft, University of Mexico Senate; chair, The Energy Council Wisconsin–Green Bay
PART Four: State, Provincial, and Keynote Speaker Regional Roles Introduction Stephen Brooks Deborah L. VanNijnatten, Wilfrid Laurier Doug Bonner, senior vice president, ARC University, “Environmental Cross- Energy Trust Part Two: Great Lakes Governance and the Border Regions and the Canada-U.S. Keynote Address International Joint Commission Relationship: Building from the Bottom Up?” The Hon. Dave Freudenthal, governor Stephen Brooks, University of Windsor, of Wyoming “The International Joint Commission: Donald K. Alper, Western Washington Convergence, Divergence or University, “Trans-boundary Wrap-Up and Thank You Submergence?” Environmental Governance in the Pacific West” Lee Hamilton, president and director, B. Timothy Heinmiller, Brock University, Woodrow Wilson Center “Managing Water Scarcity in the Prairie Philippe LePrestre, Université Laval, Region: The Role of the International “Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier: Pierre Alvarez, chair, Canadian Centre for Joint Commission in a Changing Climate” Quebec and the Management of the St. Energy Information Lawrence River Basin” Mark Sproule-Jones, McMaster University, “Complex Systems and Their Discussant: Michael Kraft, University of Trans-Boundary Synchronicity: Governance and More for Wisconsin–Green Bay Environmental Governance the Great Lakes” in Canada and the United States Discussant: Michael Kraft, University of Wisconsin–Green Bay May 8 - 9, 2008
10 Hon. Robert McLeod
PART Five: The Next Frontiers: Climate Change, Trade, and Michael Martin, chief negotiator Energy and Climate Change Competitiveness: Risks and and ambassador for climate change, Government of Canada Ian Rowlands, University of Waterloo, Opportunities from a North “Electricity and Sustainability: Canada- American Perspective Marc Jaccard, Simon Fraser University U.S. Cross-Border Developments” June 3 -4, 2008 Luncheon Presentation Barry Rabe, University of Michigan, “The Co-sponsored with the Public Policy Absence of Governance: Climate Change Forum Ian Anderson, president, Kinder Morgan in Canada and the United States” Canada; member, ecoEnergy Carbon Ottawa, ONTARIO Capture and Storage Task Force DAY ONE
The Great Lakes and Welcome Remarks SESSION 2: CLIMATE RISK the Environment: MANAGEMENT: COMPETITIVENESS Jodi White, president, Public Policy Forum Common Challenges AND TRADE IMPLICATIONS and a Shared Future Keynote Presentation Thomas Brewer, associate professor, May 23, 2008 McDonough School of Business, Dan Gagnier, chief of staff to Quebec Georgetown University Toronto, Ontario Premier Jean Charest; chair of the board The Hon. Jim Doyle, governor, State of of directors, International Institute of John Dillon, vice president, regulatory Wisconsin Sustainable Development affairs, Canadian Council of Chief Executives
DAY TWO Claude Carrière, associate deputy minis- Local-to-Local Energy Welcome and Opening ter, Natural Resources Canada Linkages: California and Remarks Alberta in China Rick Hyndman, senior policy advisor- Catherine Morris, director, Energy climate change and air issues, Canadian May 20, 2008 Program, Keystone Center Association of Petroleum Producers Gary Mar, minister-counsellor for Kathy Sendall, senior vice-president, Carl Sonnen, senior partner, Infometrica Alberta, Embassy of Canada PetroCanada John Drexhage, director, Climate Change Bo Shen, director, China Energy and Energy, International Institute of Efficiency Project, Natural Resources Session 1: Setting the Scene: Sustainable Development. Defense Council Current Strategies
Dian M. Grueneich, commissioner, Roger Gibbins, CEO, Canada West California Public Utilities Commission Foundation Arctic Gas: A Solution or a Problem? Wenran Jiang, acting director, China Keith Stewart, manager, Climate Change Institute, University of Alberta Campaign, WWF-Canada June 25, 2008 The Hon. Robert McLeod, minister of Ron Hicks, deputy minister, Executive Industry, Tourism, and Investment, Council, Government of Alberta Government of the Northwest Territories ■ Franz Litz, senior fellow, World Resources Institute
11 Carbon Capture and Storage: Can We? Should We? Can the United States and Canada Move the Marker by Working Together?
MARCH 6, 2008
FEATURING The Canada Institute’s ninth Cross- tration’s potential to reduce greenhouse Border Forum on Energy Issues, held in gas emissions. The project, noted Mark Doug Bonner, senior vice president, cor- collaboration with the Canadian Centre Demchuk, Encana Corporation’s team porate development, ARC Energy Trust for Energy Information on March 6, 2008, lead for Weyburn, not only represents the explored the potential of carbon capture largest enhanced oil recovery (EOR) proj- Mark Demchuk, team lead, Weyburn, and storage (CCS) to serve as the interim ect in Canada, but is also the largest CCS EnCana Corporation solution to reduce GHG emissions that project in the world. By injecting CO2 un- Eddy Isaacs, Ph.D., executive director, both countries are currently seeking. The derground as opposed to using conven- Alberta Energy Research Institute Forum was sponsored by ARC Energy tional waterflood techniques as a means Trust, EnCana, the Canadian Embassy, and of extracting oil, EnCana has been able to Jane C.S. Long, Ph.D., associate director, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association. increase its recovery rate from Weyburn’s energy and environment, Lawrence oil fields from 30 to 45 percent. Once in- Livermore National Laboratory Assessing the jected, the carbon dioxide remains stored David Lewin, Ph.D., senior vice presi- underground, a process that has removed dent, integrated gasification combined Potential of nearly 10 million tons of CO2 from the at- cycle (igcc) development, EPCOR Utilities mosphere since 2000, which is equiva- Inc. Carbon Capture lent to removing roughly two million cars off the road for a year. Patrice Merrin Best, director, Alberta and Storage Panelists also highlighted the poten- Energy Research Institute tial of deep saline aquifers to store CO2. Developing a North American energy Adam Sieminski, chief energy economist, According to Chuck Szmurlo, vice presi- strategy will be crucial to meet Canada’s Deutsche Bank AG dent of energy technology and power and the United States’ future energy generation at Enbridge Inc., deep saline Chuck Szmurlo, vice president, energy needs and the shared goal of reducing aquifers have the potential to seques- technology and power generation, carbon emissions, said Eddy Isaacs, ex- ter all CO2 emissions worldwide for 800 Enbridge Inc. ecutive director of the Alberta Energy Research Institute. Isaacs noted that years. As a first step in realizing this po- Developing and implementing strategies there are several options available to tential, Szmurlo described Enbridge’s to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) and reduce CO2 emissions including CCS, nu- collaboration with nearly two dozen carbon emissions remains a top priority clear power, geothermal energy, and the other members of the energy industry to in both Canada and the United States. implementation of process development develop a pilot project in the province of Although technology and the develop- technologies—such as combustion and Alberta that would demonstrate the po- ment of renewable sources represent part electrical heating—that would enable fos- tential and safety of sequestering CO2 in of the solution to reducing greenhouse sil fuels to burn more cleanly. While all of aquifers throughout the province. If the gas emissions, both countries are de- these options have potential, Isaacs de- pilot project proves successful, plans are cades away from abandoning fossil fuels scribed CCS as the “ready-to-go option” in place to implement the technology on a as their primary source of energy. What is technologically. This point was reinforced commercial scale in Alberta beginning in needed, therefore, is an interim solution by the promising carbon capture and stor- 2013, which could reduce the province’s that would allow Canada and the United age test projects that were subsequently CO2 emissions by up to 20,000 tons a States to continue to use fossil fuels— highlighted by several panelists. day. Doug Bonner, senior vice president both conventional and unconventional— EnCana’s Weyburn site, located in of corporate development for ARC Energy while advancing necessary environmen- Weyburn, Saskatchewan, represents a Trust, also acknowledged deep saline tal and energy security goals. prominent example of carbon seques- aquifers as having enormous potential to
12 Patrice Merrin Best Doug Bonner
reduce carbon emissions. In his presen- An additional barrier to implement- other renewable energy projects. One tation, Bonner described ARC’s current ing CCS on a commercial scale revolves participant raised the idea of creating research project to explore the prospects around the uncertainty associated with clean coal savings bonds as a means of of Alberta’s Redwater Reef as an area that the costs of investing in the technology, financing CCS projects. A third issue that could store vast amounts of carbon diox- maintained Adam Sieminski, chief energy figured prominently in the discussion ide. Initial results from the study indicate economist for Deutsche Bank. Sieminski was how to increase public acceptance noted that cost estimates for the capture, that the reef could hold up to one billion of CCS. Participants noted that some en- transportation, and storage of CO2 have tons of CO2—an amount that could retain vironmental groups have not endorsed varied widely—between $100 to $300 per existing and projected oil sands emis- CCS because the technology would not sions for a period of 20 years. ton of CO2—due to continued ambiguity deter future use of fossil fuels and may around CCS’s precise capital costs, future also pull investment and funding away costs of energy, the possible introduction from developing renewable sources of Bringing Carbon of carbon taxes in North America, and un- Capture and resolved liability issues surrounding the energy. Participants agreed that improv- technology. The current gap in expected ing the public’s perception of CCS will Storage to the costs must be narrowed to attract the require consistent and honest informa- investment needed to implement CCS on tion from both industry and government Next Level the scale necessary to significantly re- regarding the safety and reliability of the duce CO2 emissions. In addition, noted technology. David Lewin, senior vice president of Sieminski, governments can play a sig- Carbon capture and storage’s potential EPCOR Utilities’ integrated gasification nificant role in encouraging investors to was also highlighted during the forum’s combined cycle development, high- finance the development and implemen- two keynote addresses. Saskatchewa lighted some of the primary barriers to tation of CCS through research and de- Premier Brad Wall noted that enhanced implementing the process of gasification velopment subsidies, low cost loans, and oil recovery and CCS must play an inte- into EPCOR’s operations. Lewin explained buying out those plants that cannot be gral role in developing the province’s that while EPCOR has actively sought to fitted with the technology. natural resources. He explained that reduce carbon emissions through such Saskatchewan’s oil is extremely diffi- initiatives as its Genesee 3 power plant cult to access and noted that a modest 5 (Canada’s most advanced clean coal- Progress through percent increase in recovery from its oil fired generator located in Leduc County, Dialogue fields would effectively double the prov- Alberta), gasification presents the oppor- ince’s oil production. Wyoming Governor tunity to reduce emissions further by cap- Following panelist presentations, par- Dave Freudenthal, chair of the Western turing and sequestering CO2. Achieving ticipants engaged in a closed-door dis- Governors’ Association, stressed that ad- this goal, he stressed, will remain depen- cussion. A key issue highlighted was the vancing CCS beyond pilot projects will re- dent on creating a comprehensive legal necessity of introducing a carbon price in quire setting a price for carbon as well as and regulatory framework to govern the order for CCS and other renewable energy operation and construction of CCS sites. projects to move forward. An ongoing a strong regulatory and legal framework. In addition, those in the industry should challenge for policymakers in this area is Until this is established, he noted, the de- remain conscious of the often overlooked to determine a price that would not cause gree of uncertainty in the energy market challenge of training the necessary work- the rapid escalation of energy prices, but will remain significant enough to deter force to operate and maintain plants with would be high enough to send a market investors from financing CCS and other CCS capabilities. signal to investors to finance CCS and renewable energy projects. ■
13 Politics
Saltwater Neighbors: Health Care in Crisis: The Law and Politics What’s Driving Health of the Canada-U.S. Reform in Canada and Ocean Relationship the United States?
April 10, 2007 One Issue, Two Voices, Number 9
Ted L. McDorman, Fulbright-Woodrow April 9, 2008 Wilson Center Visiting Research Chair in Toronto, Ontario Canada-U.S. Relations, and professor of law, University of Victoria Antonia Maioni, visiting scholar, McGill Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine
Canada and the Arctic: Theodore Marmor, professor emeritus, The Issue of Northern Politics, Public Policy, and Law, Yale Sovereignty University School of Management
December 11, 2007 Carolyn Hughes Tuohy, professor emeri- tus, Political Science, and Senior Fellow, Rob Huebert, associate director, Centre School of Public Policy and Governance, for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Toronto (moderator) Ted L. McDorman University of Calgary
Michael Byers, academic director, Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of Book Launch: Dispersed British Columbia Relations: Americans and Canadians in Upper North America Book Launch: Uneasy April 10, 2008 Neighbo(u)rs: Canada, the USA, and the Dynamics of Reginald C. Stuart, professor, History State, Industry and Culture and Political and Canadian Studies, Mount Saint Vincent University, and December 17, 2007 former Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center David Kilgour, former Member of Visiting Research Chair in Canada-U.S. Parliament and Deputy Speaker of the Relations House of Commons (author) Christopher Sands, senior fellow, David T. Jones, former U.S. diplomat Hudson Institute (author)
Theodore Marmor
14 Reginald Stuart, Christopher Sands
Reforming Social Security: U.S. and Canadian Perspectives
April 15, 2008
Daniel Béland, professor of public policy, University of Saskatchewan and public policy scholar, Woodrow Wilson Center
Michael Wiseman, research professor of public policy and economics, George Washington Institute of Public Policy, The George Washington University
Health Care in Crisis: What’s Driving Health Care Reform in Canada and the United States?
One Issue, Two Voices, Number 9 Antonia Maioni
April 16, 2008
Antonia Maioni, visiting scholar, McGill Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine
Theodore Marmor, professor emeritus, Politics, Public Policy, and Law, Yale Michael Wiseman University School of Management ■
15 Canada and the Arctic
DECEMBER 11, 2007
FEATURING Canada’s far north. Traveling with top Canadian and U.S. Arctic scientists, Byers Rob Huebert, associate director, Centre said that the voyage marked the first time for Military and Strategic Studies, in history a vessel had been able to cross University of Calgary the typically frozen strait in the month of Michael Byers, academic director, Liu October. He noted that the scientists and Institute for Global Issues, University of members of the Canadian Coast Guard British Columbia on board were “collectively terrified” Global warming has helped create the that the strait was entirely ice-free dur- conditions necessary for a “perfect ing the voyage. For Byers, the experience storm” when it comes to Canada-U.S. illustrated the alarming rate of melting Michael Byers Arctic relations, argued Rob Huebert of Arctic sea ice currently taking place. In the University of Calgary’s Centre for fact, noted Byers, between September Making Canada’s Military and Strategic Studies, at a con- 2006 and September 2007, an estimated ference hosted by the Canada Institute 1.2 million square kilometers of Arctic sea Case to Control on December 11, 2007. Huebert was ice melted—a figure which represents the Northwest joined by the academic director of the a surface area far greater than the state Liu Institute for Global Issues, Michael of California. If this trend continues, the Passage Byers, for a panel discussion on the po- Arctic could have seasonal ice-free peri- tential implications of Canada’s recent ef- ods within the next 10 to 15 years. According to Byers, to win its sover- forts to reassert its sovereignty over the The looming possibility of an ice-free eignty claim, the Canadian government country’s northern territory on Canada- must convince the United States that Arctic presents a series of challenges U.S. relations. The program also provided the Northwest Passage would be more to Arctic nations vying for control over an opportunity to assess the potential secure if it recognized Canada’s jurisdic- potentially lucrative shipping routes security threats and economic opportuni- tion over the Arctic strait. As the pas- and undersea natural resources. The ties that accompany the possibility of an sage becomes ice-free, explained Byers, issue of navigational rights through the ice-free Arctic. Canada’s northern sea routes will become Northwest Passage remains one unre- increasingly vulnerable to drug traffick- solved Arctic issue that has periodically ing, as well as ships carrying illegal im- The State of the caused friction between Canada and the migrants, terrorists, or weapons of mass Arctic United States. Byers explained that while destruction. If Canada’s sovereignty over the United States and other maritime na- the Northwest Passage were recognized Byers began his presentation by de- tions claim the Northwest Passage is an internationally, the Canadian govern- scribing his participation on a voyage in international strait that can be crossed ment would have the ability to carry out August 2007 through Bellot Strait, a nar- freely by all vessels, Canada contends maritime interdictions that would not be row Arctic channel separating the most that it has sole jurisdiction over the wa- possible if the strait were considered in- northerly point of the North American terway and therefore has the right to ternational waters. Thus, argued Byers, mainland from Somerset Island in deny access to foreign flag vessels. the probability of Canada winning its
16 Rob Huebert
sovereignty claim hinges in part on the Aside from the security dimension, over the Northwest Passage. Both coun- Canadian government’s ability to con- Byers and Huebert outlined several other tries are currently preparing their case vince the United States that it is in its own issues that have surfaced as a result to settle a maritime boundary dispute national security interest to allow Canada of the rapidly melting Arctic ice. Byers that would decide which country controls to control the Northwest Passage. noted that Canada’s Inuit population— offshore oil rights in the Beaufort Sea. Nevertheless, in order to make this who live, travel, and hunt on Arctic ice— Huebert maintained that Canada and the argument convincingly, maintained are at risk of losing their traditional way United States will most likely face tense Huebert, Canada must take measures of life as a result of global warming and bilateral negotiations over control of the to ensure it has the surveillance and increased development and economic mineral-rich portion of the Beaufort Sea patrol capabilities necessary to secure activity in Canada’s North. He also sug- in the near future: “We will see this issue the Arctic waterways. Several incidents, gested that economic development and escalate.” noted Byers and Huebert, have demon- climate change pose huge threats to strated Canada’s current inability to con- the “extraordinarily fragile” Arctic ma- duct adequate surveillance of its north- rine ecosystem. Byers cautioned that Moving Forward ern territory. One such incident involved the Northwest Passage could become “When it comes to Canada and the United a small vessel carrying five Norwegian a viable route to transport oil and gas, States, each and every [Arctic] issue can passengers who attempted to transit the which vastly increases the risk of a major be resolved,” maintained Huebert. In Northwest Passage illegally. Not only oil spill in Canada’s Arctic region. Such the case of the Beaufort Sea dispute, were Canadian authorities slow to detect an occurrence, argued Byers, would be Huebert pointed out that Canada and the the vessel once it entered the strait, they “catastrophic” not only for the Arctic United States could develop a “joint man- also waited until the Norwegian pas- ecosystem, but also for Canada’s Inuit agement scheme” over resources in the sengers landed on Canadian soil before population. region that would allow both countries to apprehending them to avoid the poten- Despite the environmental risks, eco- prosper. Huebert noted that while resolv- tial legal implications of conducting a nomic development in the Arctic is ex- ing current international Arctic disputes maritime interdiction on the Northwest pected to move forward. Huebert noted will require a great amount of political Passage. The situation turned particu- that several major oil companies believe will, reaching major agreements is not out larly alarming when Canadian authorities that the Arctic may hold up to 25 percent of the realm of possibility. Huebert cau- revealed that two of the detained pas- of the world’s undiscovered oil and gas tioned, however, that efforts to resolve sengers were members of the Norwegian reserves. Attempts to gain control over Arctic disputes must begin now in order Hells Angels motorcycle gang. Both these resources, maintained Huebert, to avoid major international confronta- Huebert and Byers cited the incident as could lead to international disputes over tions over Arctic land and resources: “The a clear indication of the potential for the unresolved land claims between Arctic stakes are becoming very high and the Northwest Passage to be used to traf- nations in the near future. He warned longer the issues are allowed to fester fic illegal goods, as well as the need for that Canada and the United States could the more difficult they will be to solve.”■ the Canadian government to improve its face a major conflict over control of part surveillance capabilities of the Arctic and of the Beaufort Sea—an area believed develop more clearly defined procedures to be rich in undiscovered oil and gas for carrying out maritime interdictions in reserves—that could be more conten- Arctic waterways. tious than the ongoing bilateral dispute
17 Border and Security
Navigating the Post Cold- People, Security, and War, Post 9/11 World Borders: The Impact of the The C. Warren Goldring Western Hemisphere Travel Annual Lecture on Initiative on North America Canada-U.S. Relations May 30, 2007 May 1, 2007 Co-sponsored with Accenture, the Toronto, Ontario Foundation for Educational Exchange between Canada and the United States, Co-sponsored with the Canada Institute and the Network on North American on North American Issues Studies in Canada Richard Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations Donald E. Abelson, chair, Department of Political Science, and director, Centre for American Studies, University of Western Ontario
Duncan Wood, professor, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México
Ann Barrett, deputy assistant secretary Donald E. Abelson for passport services, U.S. Department of State Permanent Allies? The Susan Ginsburg, senior counsel and Canada-U.S. Defense team leader, Migration Policy Institute; Relationship in the 9/11 Commission 21st Century Kathleen Kraninger, director of the November 26, 2007 Screening Coordination Office, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Andrew Richter, associate professor, University of Windsor and Fulbright- Gayle Nix, executive director, Global Woodrow Wilson Center Visiting Immigration, Justice and Public Safety, Research Chair in Canada-U.S. Relations Andrew Richter Accenture
18 People, Security, and Borders event
Privacy at the Border: Joel Sokolsky, dean of arts and professor Expectations of of political science, Royal Military College Privacy and Security of Canada in the World’s Largest Thomas Lynch, colonel, U.S. Army, and Trading Relationship Federal Executive Fellow, Brookings February 28, 2008 Institution
Karim Benyekhlef, directeur du Centre Charles Barry, senior research fellow, de recherche en droit public, Faculté de National Defense University droit, Université de Montréal Eric Farnsworth, vice president, Council Christiane Constant, commissionner, of the Americas, Washington, D.C. Office Commission d’accès à l’information du ■ Québec
Jim Harper, director, Information Policy Studies, Cato Institute
David Sobel, senior counsel, Electronic Frontier Foundation
Joel Sokolosky NATO’s Evolving Role in Afghanistan
June 23, 2008
Co-sponsored with the Council of the Americas Pamela Wallin, senior advisor on Canada- U.S. Relations to the President of The Americas Society and the Council of the Americas; member of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan Christiane Constant
19 NATO’s Evolving Role in Afghanistan
JUNE 23, 2008 FEATURING Canadian Pamela Wallin, senior advisor on Canada-U.S. relations to the President Perspectives of of the Americas Society and the the Mission Council of the Americas; member of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Decades of cuts to Canada’s military con- Role in Afghanistan tributed to the country’s reputation as a Joel Sokolsky, dean of arts and professor “laggard” in NATO among some members of political science, Royal Military of the Alliance, argued Joel Sokolsky of College of Canada the Royal Military College of Canada. Nevertheless, Canada participated in mil- Thomas Lynch, colonel, U.S. Army, and itary operations in areas suffering from Federal Executive Fellow, Brookings internal conflict in the 1990s, including Institution Bosnia and Kosovo, which helped prepare Charles Barry, senior research fellow, the Canadian military for a leading role in National Defense University securing Afghanistan’s turbulent south- ern region. Sokolsky also noted that NATO remains an essential component Canada’s military effort in Afghanistan, of the international community’s efforts which includes the deployment of 2,500 Charles Barry to work with Afghan officials in building troops, has allowed Canada to earn back a stable, prosperous, and democratic the respect of its fellow NATO members. Afghanistan, Hillier and other senior Afghanistan. Canada has been a major Ironically, Canada’s massive effort in Canadian military officials have become contributor to this effort, particularly in Afghanistan has put the country in a posi- far more vocal on recommending defense securing the war-torn southern region tion to criticize some European members policies, maintained Sokolsky. Canada’s of the country. Nevertheless, efforts to of the Alliance for not contributing more effort in Afghanistan has also generated secure and rebuild Afghanistan continue troops and resources toward operations a new-found respect for the country’s mil- to be hampered by a growing insurgency, in Afghanistan, highlighting just how itary among Canadians. While Canada’s prompting a contentious political debate far Canada has come since its days of military has increased in popularity, said in Canada on whether or not to end its mil- being accused as a laggard and free-rider Sokolsky, “there has been no break- itary involvement in the country. On June within NATO, he said. through in public opinion” regarding the 23, 2008, the Canada Institute, in collab- Domestically, Afghanistan has com- country’s involvement in Afghanistan. He oration with the Council of the Americas, pletely reshaped the civil/military re- noted that many Canadians still believe hosted a forum for a timely discussion on lationship, said Sokolsky. He credited Canada’s involvement in the war is simply the progress and remaining challenges Rick Hillier, Canada’s Chief of Defense to please the United States, and stated facing Canada and other NATO members and Commander of the NATO-led Interna- that a vast majority of Canadians would as it attempts to work toward building an tional Security and Assistance Force in rather see Canadian forces in more of a Afghanistan free of conflict, destruction, Afghanistan, for leading the transfor- peacekeeping rather than a combat role and poverty. mation. Since Canada’s involvement in if given the choice.
20 Pamela Wallin
Pamela Wallin, a member of the Lynch, are aware that they do not need member militaries that will be crucial to Independent Panel on Canada’s Future to defeat NATO forces in Afghanistan to achieve success in future missions. He Role in Afghanistan, maintained that the win; rather, to achieve victory they only also stressed that the EU must do a bet- media are partly to blame for the unpopu- need to maintain an “enduring presence” ter job of compelling key member states larity of Canada’s ongoing effort to secure in the country that will send a message to contribute more resources to NATO’s and reconstruct Afghanistan. She noted to Afghans that they will return and re- mission in Afghanistan. that reporters have limited access to enter gain control after NATO forces leave. and cover stories in Afghanistan and be- Consequently, developing a long term Measuring cause of that, fail to see the signs of prog- strategy to defeat the insurgency is es- ress and important humanitarian work sential to have any chance of establish- Progress currently being conducted in the country. ing a stable and democratic Afghanistan. In contrast, Western reporters tend to Part of this strategy, he said, is ensuring There was a general consensus among focus solely on casualties, which fuels the continued development of the Afghan panelists that a principal problem with public resentment and conveys a sense national and police forces. NATO’s mission in Afghanistan is the of failure regarding NATO’s efforts in Lynch stressed, however, that elimi- continued absence of a way of measur- Afghanistan. Wallin pointed out that more nating safe havens for Taliban and ing success and progress. Barry noted than 200,000 copies of the Independent other extremists in countries bordering that continuing to build and improve Panel’s report—featuring policy recom- Afghanistan, most notably Pakistan, must Afghanistan’s infrastructure offers one mendations, remaining challenges, and be addressed to achieve sustainable prog- method of measuring sustainability in progress made in Afghanistan—were ress. He noted that the Pakistani govern- the country. Wallin also stressed the downloaded within the first week of its ment currently believes that addressing need to establish development bench- publication in January 2008. Wallin said jihadism does not require “a physical ap- marks as a means of judging what victory that such a large number of downloads proach,” which remains a grave problem in Afghanistan may look like. She noted indicates that Canadians are “starving for for ongoing efforts to stabilize and secure that the Canadian government’s strategy information” regarding the current prog- the country. toward Afghanistan is moving in this di- ress of NATO’s mission in Afghanistan. Charles Barry of the National Defense rection, as highlighted in its response University noted that there are signs of to the Independent Panel’s report. This hope that the situation in Afghanistan response includes the establishment of Ensuring Victory could improve in the near future. He focused measurable development goals cited General David Petraeus’ recent in Afghanistan, to include eradicating Allied forces require a better under- nomination to oversee U.S. efforts in polio, providing clean drinking water to standing and broader perspective of Afghanistan as an indication that the Afghans, and providing funding to build what is driving the current insurgency “right leadership” may be in place to help and maintain 50 schools in the country. in Afghanistan in order to achieve vic- spur progress in the country. Speaking In discussing how best to define victory tory, said Thomas Lynch of the Brookings from a broader perspective, Barry said in Afghanistan, Wallin maintained that ul- Institution. He maintained that Pakistan that NATO’s mission in Afghanistan has timately, “a win for the West is an intelli- and Afghanistan have historically been helped build a large reservoir of expe- gent exit strategy where we have left the important regions for the jihad. Extre- rienced NATO troops and helped foster Afghans prepared to do what they want mists operating in that region, argued greater interoperability between alliance to do.” ■
21 Trade Issues
Second Cross-Border Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Reginald Jones Forum on Agricultural Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for Interdependence: North International Economics American Agriculture Floyd Gaibler, deputy under secretary, in a connected world Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, June 19, 2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture
Co-sponsored with the Government Susan Harper, minister-counsellor for of Alberta economic and trade policy, Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C.
Jeffrey Jones, undersecretary for agribusiness promotion, Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, Mexico Susan Harper
Practical Implications of Introduction an Inter-Related Market: The Hon. Lee Hamilton, president and Country of Origin Labeling director, Woodrow Wilson Center Helmut Mach, director, Western Centre for Economic Research, and CN Remarks Executive Professor of Canada-U.S. Trade The Hon. George Groeneveld, minister Relations, University of Alberta School of Hon. Charles Stenholm of Agriculture and Food, Government of Business (moderator) Alberta Welcoming Remarks James Mintert, professor and extension The Hon. Charles Stenholm, senior policy The Hon. George Groeneveld, state leader, Department of Agricultural advisor, Olsson, Frank & Weeda, P.C. minister of Agriculture and Food, Economics, Kansas State University Government of Alberta John Masswohl, director of government Canada-U.S. Charles F. Conner, deputy secretary, U.S. and international relations, Canadian Competitiveness: The Department of Agriculture Cattlemen’s Association Productivity Gap
The Hon. Charles Stenholm, senior policy One Issue, Two Voices publication launch Positioning North advisor, Ollson, Frank & Weeda, P.C. American Agriculture June 28, 2007 for Global Competition Concluding Remarks Glen Hodgson, senior vice president and Helmut Mach, director, Western Nithi Govindasamy, director, policy chief economist, Conference Board of Centre for Economic Research, and CN secretariat, Agriculture, Food and Rural Canada Executive Professor of Canada-U.S. Trade Development, Government of Alberta Relations, University of Alberta School of Jack Triplett, visiting fellow in economic studies, Brookings Institution Business (moderator) KEYNOTE LUNCHEON
22 George Groeneveld
Howard Rosen, executive director, Trade Requiem or Revival? Adjustment Assistance Coalition, and The Promise of North visiting fellow, Peterson Institute for American Integration International Economics (moderator) November 5, 2007
Canada-U.S. Competitiveness: Co-sponsored with the Woodrow Wilson The Productivity Gap Center’s Mexico Institute Carol Wise, associate professor, September 24, 2007 University of Southern California Toronto, Ontario Isabel Studer, assistant director general Co-sponsored with the Canada Institute for Canada, Mexican Ministry of Foreign Pierre Martin on North American Issues Affairs
Glen Hodgson, senior vice president and Gary Hufbauer, Reginald Jones Wendy Dobson, director of the Institute chief economist, Conference Board of Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for for International Business, Rotman Canada International Economics School of Management, University of Toronto, and vice chair of the Canadian Jack Triplett, visiting fellow in economic Sidney Weintraub, William E. Simon Chair Public Accountability Board (moderator) studies, Brookings Institution in Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies Daniel Trefler, J. Douglas and Ruth Grant Chair in Competitiveness and Prosperity, Daniel Lederman, senior economist, The political economy Rotman School of Management, World Bank of services offshoring University of Toronto in north america Free Trade in Free Fall? MARCH 12, 2008 Assessing the Impact of Toronto, Ontario Nontariff Barriers on Canada-U.S. Trade Pierre Martin, professor of political science and director, chair of American February 8, 2008 Political and Economic Studies, Toronto, Ontario Université de Montréal
Michael Hart, Simon Reisman Chair in J. Bradford Jensen, associate professor Trade Policy, Centre for Trade Policy of economics and international busi- and Law, Norman Paterson School of ness, McDonough School of Business, International Affairs, Carleton University Georgetown University ■
Gary Hufbauer, Reginald Jones Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for Jack Triplett International Economics
23 Requiem or Revival? The Promise of North American Integration
November 5, 2007
FEATURING Wise and Isabel Studer. Gary Hufbauer, Sidney Weintraub, and Daniel Lederman, Carol Wise, associate professor of inter- discussed various chapters of the book national relations, University of Southern and assessed the challenges and pros- California pects of past and future North American integration. Isabel Studer, assistant director general for Canada, Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs Assessing Mexico’s
Gary Hufbauer, Reginald Jones Senior Progress under Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics NAFTA
Daniel Lederman, senior economist, Noting the uneven pattern of economic World Bank convergence between Canada, the United States, and Mexico, Weintraub argued Sidney Weintraub, William E. Simon Chair that Mexico’s economic development Carol Wise in Political Economy, Center for Strategic since implementing NAFTA is a mixed and International Studies story. Although Mexico’s foreign direct Weintraub noted that while Mexico’s investment and exports to Canada and current president, Felipe Calderón, has The signing of the North American Free the United States have increased sub- enjoyed mild success in implementing Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1992 her- stantially since the implementation of much needed economic reforms, the alded what many hoped would be a new NAFTA, Weintraub pointed out that these country has a long way to go before it can era of North American economic integra- achievements were offset by the failure reach the level of efficiency in cross-bor- tion and cooperation. Essays in a new of former Mexican President Vicente Fox der trade achieved by its NAFTA partners. book, Requiem or Revival? The Promise to carry out critical structural reforms in Nevertheless, even these gains are at risk of North American Integration, examine such areas as taxes, education, labor, of being lost unless Mexico can overcome how the early promise of the agreement and energy. Mexico, he said, had squan- the looming challenges facing its en- has faded, while progress towards fur- dered possibilities. One discussant ergy sector. Weintraub emphasized that ther integration on other pressing issues, echoed Weintraub’s remarks, citing intel- Mexico could face oil scarcity in as little including energy, security, and migration, lectual property rights, public health, and as ten years if no further oil reserves are remain unresolved. agriculture as additional areas in need found and, more importantly, developed. On Monday November 5, 2007, the of structural reform in order for Mexico He criticized PEMEX, Mexico’s state- Wilson Center’s Canada Institute and to remain competitive against other eco- owned oil company, for its mounting debt Mexico Institute hosted a panel discus- nomic powers such as China and India, burden and inability to develop partner- sion on the future of NAFTA featuring the which are likely to continue to increase ships with private firms that possess the co-editors of Requiem or Revival?, former their presence within the North American technical expertise to extract new deep- Wilson Center public policy scholar Carol market. water sources of oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
24 Sidney Weintraub
While the panelists agreed that energy, institutional expansion within the agree- the Agreement’s future, not only in terms and petroleum in particular, remains ment. Thus, argued Weintraub, although of its scope, but membership as well. a pressing issue for Mexico, there was a greater level of institutionalization is Despite possible economic benefits for also discussion of other areas in the en- often cited among academics as the best the three NAFTA countries, the panel felt ergy sector in which the three countries way to expand and improve NAFTA, there that expansion to a wider free-trade area could work together on a cooperative has been little enthusiasm among any remains an unlikely prospect, through ei- basis. Gary Hufbauer called attention to NAFTA leader to seriously engage in this ther ongoing talks for a Free Trade Area a number of such promising areas, listing discussion. of the Americas (FTAA), or harmoniza- nuclear power, liquefied natural gas, bio- Going beyond the discussion of the tion of existing free trade agreements fuels, and the reduction of carbon emis- future of NAFTA, Hufbauer presented his in the Americas, because of continuing sions, as prominent examples. perspective on the challenges and pros- disagreements between Brazil and the pects NAFTA members face when oper- United States. While Hufbauer observed ating within the multilateral trading sys- that this is a “quiet time for NAFTA and Evaluating the tem. He criticized one chapter in Requiem North American integration,” he also or Revival? for suggesting that the United noted that Europe’s integration also went Expansion of States and the European Union recognize through long periods of stagnation, leav- that new global economic powers such ing hope for the possibility of expanding Free Trade in a as Brazil, India, and China should have a North American free trade. Nevertheless, more prominent leadership role in WTO the panel discussion highlighted the Global and North trade negotiations. If this were the case, growing number of pressing issues facing argued Hufbauer, developing nations NAFTA that need to be addressed in order American Context should be prepared to lose as much as for the agreement to remain relevant. they gain in trade negotiations. This is Several of the contributing chapter During his presentation, Weintraub noted due to the fact that historically the EU authors present at the event offered re- that NAFTA has likely “peaked” in terms and the United States have asked little in marks in the closing discussion, including of its ability to foster increased economic return from the developing world for ac- Antonio Ortiz Mena, professor at Centro efficiency, integration, and coopera- cess to their markets, so long as the West de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, tion among NAFTA members. This led to was able to set the agenda and design Mac Destler from the University of a broad discussion on how to improve the institutional framework of the global Maryland, and Charles Doran from the and expand NAFTA beyond its original trading system. Johns Hopkins School of Advanced framework, particularly on the institu- International Studies. Destler raised the tional level. Weintraub was skeptical of point that the U.S. Congress is currently achieving this, however, and reminded An Uncertain preoccupied with a host of issues ranging the panel that NAFTA was formed de- from health insurance to labor law and liberately with few institutions. He also Future for NAFTA tax reform, all of which make significant alluded to Canada’s discomfort in the advances in the realm of trade policy un- trilateral arena and its often tacit pref- The panelists discussed what lies ahead likely in the near future. ■ erence for bilateral partnership with the for NAFTA. Each panelist noted that signif- United States as another obstruction to icant questions remain unanswered over
25 General Topics
Andrew Cooper, Abigail Friedman
Book Launch: The Unfinished Charles F. Doran, Andrew W. Mellon Book Launch: Canada Canadian: The People We Are Professor of International Relations, and the United States: the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Ambivalent Allies June 12, 2007 Nitze School of School of Advanced September 24, 2008 Andrew Cohen, associate professor, International Studies (discussant) School of Journalism and Communication John Herd Thompson, professor, and the Norman Paterson School of Ipsos Reid Global Department of History, Duke University International Affairs, Carleton University @dvisor Poll Launch Stephen J. Randall, director, Institute for (author) United States Policy Research, University July 12, 2007 Henry Champ, Washington of Calgary Co-sponsored with Ipsos Public Affairs correspondent, CBC Newsworld Donald Abelson, professor and chair, (discussant) Darrell Bricker, president and chief Department of Political Science, operating officer, Ipsos Public Affairs University of Western Ontario North America; co-director, Ipsos Global Book Launch: Alliance Scott See, Libra Professor of History, Public Affairs and Illusion: Canada and University of Maine ■ the World 1945-1984
June 27, 2007 Celebrity Diplomacy: Challenges and Robert Bothwell, professor of history, Opportunities University of Toronto (author) September 25, 2007
Co-hosted with the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Project on Leadership and Building State Capacity Andrew Cooper, associate director and distinguished fellow, Center for International Governance Innovation, and professor of political science, Stephen Randall, John Thompson University of Waterloo
John Marks, president and founder, Search for Common Ground
Abigail Friedman, U.S. diplomat and visiting professor, George Washington Andrew Cohen University (moderator)
26 Events Held in Canada
Navigating the Post Cold- Health Care in Crisis: What’s War, Post 9/11 World Driving Health Reform The C. Warren Goldring in Canada and the United Annual Lecture on States? Canada-U.S. Relations One Issue, Two Voices publication launch May 1, 2007 Toronto, Ontario April 9, 2008
See Border and Security Section, p 18 Toronto, Ontario See Politics Section, p 14 Canada-U.S. Competitiveness: The The Great Lakes and Productivity Gap the Environment: September 24, 2007 Common Challenges and a Shared Future Toronto, Ontario May 23, 2008 See Economic and Trade Section, p 23 Governor Jim Doyle Toronto, Ontario
Water in the West: Water- See Energy and the Environment Section, Resources Conference p 11 “Transboundary Water Policy Issues: The Western North American Region” Climate Change, Trade, and October 5, 2007 Competitiveness: Risks and Opportunities from a North Calgary, Alberta American Perspective See Energy and the Environment Section, June 3 - 4, 2008 p 6 Ottawa, ONTARIO
Canada as the Next Energy See Energy and the Environment Section, Superpower: Testing p 11 the Case
October 29, 2007
Ottawa, Ontario Richard Haass See Energy and the Environment Section, p 7
27 Briefings, Visitor Programs, and Internal Events
Briefing on U.S.-Canada Program and Washington Center and Relations, U.S.-Mexico Wilson Center public policy scholar Relations, and NAFTA David Ottaway, Washington Post July 9, 2007 (retired) and Woodrow Wilson Center senior scholar The Washington Center Interns Ralph Klein, business advisor, Borden, Co-hosted with the Woodrow Wilson Ladner Gervais; former premier of Center’s Mexico Institute Alberta; Woodrow Wilson Center public Andrew Selee, director, Mexico Institute policy scholar Kate Brick, program associate, Mexico Institute Briefing on Canada- Alejandro Anaya Muñoz, public policy U.S. Relations and scholar, Mexico Institute U.S. Foreign Policy Jorge Hernandez-Diaz, public policy November 1, 2007 scholar, Mexico Institute Université Laval International Relations Linda Killian Jonathan Kent, junior scholar Students Marie-Hélène Cantin, Quebec junior Andrew Richter, associate professor, Michael Hawes, executive director, scholar, Canada Institute University of Windsor and Fulbright- Canada–U.S. Fulbright Program Benoît Pelletier, public policy Canada Visiting Research Chair in Andrew Selee, director, Mexico Institute scholar, Canada Institute, Woodrow Canada-U.S. Relations Wilson Center, and minister of Monica Guevara, director, North Barbara Slavin, senior diplomatic intergovernmental affairs and aboriginal American Affairs, Council of the Americas reporter, USA Today; former Woodrow affairs, Government of Quebec Sidney Weintraub, William E. Simon Wilson Center public policy scholar Chair in Political Economy, Center for Robert Litwak, director, International Strategic and International Studies Briefing on U.S.- Security Studies, Woodrow Wilson Canada Relations Center ExxonMobil Updated Energy October 22, 2007 Outlook Presentation Université Laval Graduate Students in Getting to Know America’s International Journalism Neighbors: Nationhood, January 30, 2008 Andrew Richter, associate profes- Culture, and Identity in Co-hosted with the Global Energy sor, Department of Political Science, Mexico and Canada Initiative University of Windsor, and Fulbright- June 28, 2007 Scott Nauman, Corporate Planning Canada Visiting Research Chair in Manager, ExxonMobil Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Canada-U.S. Relations Program 2007 Participants Susan Elizabeth Carter, ExxonMobil Linda Killian, director, Washington Washington Representative David Biette, director, Canada Institute Journalism Center; director, Boston Arturo Borja, executive director, University Washington Internship Comexus
28 Briefing on Canada- U.S. Relations February 22, 2008 Action Canada Fellows David Biette, director, Canada Institute Maryscott Greenwood, executive direc- tor, Canadian American Business Council Dwight Mason, senior associate, Canada Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies Dwight Mason briefs Action Canada Fellows Discussion with Canadian Jewish Congress Briefing on Canada- Ontario Region U.S. Relations March 18, 2008 April 29, 2008 Aaron Miller, Public Policy Scholar, Queen’s University Public Policy Woodrow Wilson Center Students David Biette, director, Canada Institute David Biette, director, Canada Institute Hon. Paul D. Frazer, senior advisor, Briefing on Canada- mCapitol Management U.S. relations, Mexico- Alison Smith, Washington correspon- U.S. relations dent, CBC News Ron McMorran, independent consultant March 31, 2008 University of Toronto Political Economy Students Meeting with Washington David Biette, director, Canada Institute Center NAFTA Interns July 14, 2008 Andrew Selee, director, Mexico Institute Aaron Miller Kent Hughes, director, Program on David Biette, director, Canada Institute Science, Technology, America, and the Arturo Sotomayor, public policy scholar, Global Economy Woodrow Wilson Center François-Yannick Vézina, Quebec junior scholar, Canada Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center
29 Canada Institute Select Participation in External Conferences and Events
Saskatchewan and Session I: Water and Climate Chandra Madramootoo, dean, Faculty of the Future of U.S. Change Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University Energy Security Howard Alper, chair, Science, Technology Congressional Seminar, and Innovation Council Isobel Heathcote, dean of graduate hosted by U.S. Senator Jim Bruce, Soil and Water Conservation studies, University of Guelph Orrin Hatch Society Paul Freedman, vice president (elect), June 19, 2007 Rob de Loë, University of Guelph Water Environment Federation Senate Dirksen Building Ed Osann, Potomac Resources, Inc. Jim Bruce, vice president (elect), Water Washington, D.C. Chandra Madramootoo, dean, Faculty of Environment Federation David Biette gave introductory remarks Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Timothy L. Miller, chief of the Office of and moderated a panel discussion on McGill University Water Quality, U.S. Geological Survey Saskatchewan and U.S. energy security, Isobel Heathcote, dean of graduate Alan Roberson, director, security and Maynard Sonntag, Minister of Industry studies, University of Guelph regulatory affairs, American Water Works and Resources, gave the principal David Brooks, Friends of the Earth Association address on Saskatchewan’s energy Robert Engelman, vice-president, World reserves Rick Findlay, director, Water Programme, Watch Institute Pollution Probe
The Science-Policy Interface: Session II: The Energy-Water Tracy Mehan, The Cadmus Group Water and Climate Change, Nexus and the Energy-Water Nexus Heather Munroe-Blum, principal and vice-chancellor, McGill University October 2, 2007 Welcome & Introductions David Biette, director, Canada Institute
Setting the Stage Michael Horgan, deputy minister, Environment Canada Geoff Munro, associate assistant deputy minister and chief scientist, Science and Policy Integration, Natural Resources Canada
U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch, David Biette, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources Minister Maynard Sonntag
30 Scholars
Public Policy Scholars and Fellows April 2007 to September 2008
Ted McDorman (2007) September 2007 – December 2007 Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Professor, University of Windsor Visiting Research Chair on Canada-U.S. Project: “Permanent Allies? The Canada- relations U.S. Defense Relationship in the 21st January 2007 – May 2007 Century” Professor, Faculty of Law University of Victoria Ralph Klein Project: “Oceans and Sovereignty: Public Policy Scholar Approaches to Canada-U.S. Ocean October 2007 – December 2007 Disputes” Former Premier of Alberta
Benoît Pelletier Daniel Béland Ted McDorman Public Policy Scholar Public Policy Scholar July 2007 January 2008 – April 2008 Minster Responsible for Canadian Professor, School of Public Policy, Intergovernmental Affairs, Government University of Saskatchewan of Quebec Project: “The Territorial Politics of Fiscal Project: “Redefining Canada: Canadian and Social Policy in Canada and the Values in the 21st Century” United States”
Jonathan Kent Pierre Martin Canada Institute Junior Scholar Public Policy Scholar June-August 2007 February 2008 – March 2008 University of Calgary Professor of Political Science and Director, Chair of American Political Benoît Pelletier Marie-Hélène Cantin and Economic Studies Canada Institute Quebec Junior Scholar Université de Montréal June-August 2007 Project: “The Political Economy of Université Laval Services Offshoring in North America” Project: “The Settlement of International Trade Disputes: An Empirical Analysis of François-Yannick Vézina NAFTA’s Chapter 19” Canada Institute Quebec Junior Scholar May 2008 – August 2008 Andrew Richter Université de Montréal Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Project: “Members of Congress Changing Visiting Research Chair in Positions: How Knowledge and Saliency Canada-U.S. Relations Can Do What Pressure Cannot” Marie-Hélène Cantin
31 Scholars
Pa s t Sc h o l a r s a n d Fe ll o w s
Stephen Clarkson (2000-2001, 2003) The Rt. Hon. Joe Clark (2004) Public Policy Scholar Public Policy Scholar Professor of Political Economy Former Prime Minister of Canada University of Toronto Project: A study of the institutions and Project: “Continental Governance in management of the Canada-U.S. bilateral North America after NAFTA” relationship and a comparison of lobby- ing practices in Ottawa and Washington Charles-Philippe David (2003) Andrew Richter Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Michael Hart (2005) Visiting Research Chair in Canada-U.S. Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Relations Visiting Research Chair in Canada-U. S. Chaire Raoul-Dandurand en études Relations stratégiques et diplomatiques Simon Reisman Chair in Trade Policy Université du Québec à Montréal and Distinguished Fellow Project: Changes in Foreign Policy Center for Trade Policy and Law Decision-Making under the Clinton Norman Paterson School of International Administration Affairs, Carleton University Project: “Canada, the USA, and the Reginald Stuart (2004) Political Economy of Proximity, Identity, Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center and Well-Being” Distinguished Chair in Canada-United Ralph Klein States Relations Stephen Brooks (2005) Professor of History and Political Studies Public Policy Scholar Mount Saint Vincent University Professor Halifax, Nova Scotia University of Windsor Project: “Dispersed Relations: Adjunct Professor Americans, Canadians, and North University of Michigan America’s Perforated Border” Project: “Unquiet Diplomacy: The Ambassadorship of A. Paul Cellucci, 2001-2005”
Daniel Beland
32 Arthur J. Ray (2005-2006) Carol Wise (2006) Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center Public Policy Scholar Professor of History Associate Professor University of British Columbia School of International Relations Co-editor, Canadian Historical Review University of Southern California Project: “History Wars” and Human Project: “The Politics of Divergence Rights: Aboriginal Rights Claims in the in North America” United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand” Frédérick Gagnon (2006) Pierre Martin Quebec Junior Scholar Louis Bélanger (2005) Researcher, Raoul Dandurand Chair in Public Policy Scholar Strategic and Diplomatic Studies Associate Professor of Political Science Université du Québec à Montréal Université Laval Project: “From Compliance to Resistance: Project: “Redesigning NAFTA? The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations The Future of Economic Governance in Committee and George W. Bush’s North America” National Security Policy Since 9/11”
John Courtney (2005) Brian Stevenson (2006) Public Policy Scholar Public Policy Scholar October-December 2005 Associate Professor Professor Emeritus School of Business François-Yannick Vézina Department of Political Science University of Alberta University of Saskatchewan Project: “Canada-U.S. Relations Project: “Electoral Reform: Canada in a in a Changing World” Comparative Perspective”
33 Media
The publication launch of the Canada Institute’s eighth issue Canada and the United States’ shared goal of reducing their of its One Issue, Two Voices series, assessing the repercus- carbon emissions. Its proceedings were covered widely by the sions of nontariff barriers on the economies of Canada and the Canadian Press, in The Star Phoenix (Saskatoon), and The Leader United States, generated considerable media interest in Canada. Post (Regina), as well as other news outlets, due to the participa- The launch, featuring presentations by the issue’s authors Gary tion of Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall. Hufbauer and of the Peterson Institute and Michael Hart of In addition to its programs, the Canada Institute’s scholars Carleton University’s Norman Paterson School of International often attract inquires from the media regarding their current Affairs, was a lead story in the National Post. work at the Wilson Center. Former Alberta Premier Ralph Klein The Canada Institute’s ninth Cross-Border Forum on Energy was no exception while in residence in the fall of 2007. His arrival Issues, held in collaboration with the Canadian Centre for Energy and activities at the Center were featured prominently in many Information, also received wide media coverage. The Forum Canadian newspapers, including the National Post on December explored the potential of carbon capture and storage to meet 9, 2007.
Noteworthy Media Stories Mentioning the Canada Institute
Canada Institute Director David Biette Michael Hart, “Canada blew it; Security Regina D’Aliesio and Jason Fekete, appeared in the story “Arctic melting barriers raised since 9/11 divide “Alberta fights ‘dirty oil’ stigma; With leaves countries sparring,” ABC World Canadians and Americans more than $100 billion worth of bitumen projects News, Tuesday, September 18, 2007 they ward off terrorists,” The National on tap, the province is ready to battle Post, Tuesday, February 12, 2008 environmental groups trying to turn Bogdan Kipling, “Canada and NAFTA,” public opinion against what they call Halifax Chronicle Herald, Tuesday, Jacqueline Thorpe, “Time to repair trade ‘dirty oil’,” Calgary Herald, Saturday November 27, 2007 relations,” Financial Post, Monday, April 26, 2008 February 11, 2008 Bogdan Kipling, “Is Canada helped by Leslie Campbell, “A low profile at greater distance from U.S.?” Halifax Claudia Cattaneo, “New point man in the centre of the universe,” Embassy Chronicle Herald, Thursday, Washington; Saskatchewan’s Wall tries Magazine, Wednesday, May 7, 2008 November 29, 2007 on statesman’s hat,” The National Post, Tuesday March 4, 2008 Theodore M. Brown, “Compare U.S., Les Sillars, “Ralph Klein’s latest role: Canadian health care,” (op-ed) Democrat think-tank scholar: But not planning Angela Hall, “Premier to take aim at and Chronicle (Rochester), Tuesday, to enter world ‘of ideas,’” National Post, U.S. protectionism; Wall to emphasize July 15, 2008 Monday, December 9, 2007 Saskatchewan’s energy supplier role during Washington visit,” The Star Terence Corcoran, “U.S. border is killing Phoenix (Saskatoon), Tuesday March 4, free trade,” The National Post, Tuesday 2008-published again in The Leader-Post February 12, 2008 (Regina)
34 Other media outlets that have featured scholars and staff of the Wilson Center’s Canada Institute or reported on Canada Institute programs:
Agence France Presse – English Edmonton Journal Stratford Beacon Herald (Ontario) Arizona Republic Embassy Magazine Telegraph-Journal (New Brunswick) Associated Press Financial Post Telus News Breitbart.com Global TV The Brockville Recorder and Times Boston Globe Halifax Daily News (Ontario) Broadcast News Kansas City Star The Gazette (Montreal) CBC News Kamloops Daily News (British Columbia) The Globe and Mail CBC Radio and Television Kingston Whig-Standard (Ontario) The Hamilton Spectator (Ontario) Calgary Herald La Presse (Montreal) The Leader-Post (Regina, Saskatchewan) Calgary Sun London Free Press (Ontario) The Providence Journal (Rhode Island) Canada News Wire Maclean’s The Province (Vancouver) Canadian Press Macleans.ca The Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario) CanWest News Metro (Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, The Standard (St. Catharines, Ontario) Charlotte Observer (North Carolina) Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver) The State (Columbia, South Carolina) Chicago Tribune National Interest The Times & Transcript (New Brunswick) Chronicle Herald (Halifax, Nova Scotia) National Post Times-Argus (Montpelier, Vermont) CIMW (Montreal) Omaha World Herald Times Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) CKLW (Windsor) Ottawa Citizen The Washington Times CKNW (Vancouver) Pembroke Observer (Ontario) Toronto Star Cnews (Canoe network) Penticton Herald (British Columbia) Toronto Sun Comtex News Network Peterborough Examiner (Ontario) TV5 (Montreal, Quebec) Cross Country Checkup with Rex Murphy Press News Limited USA Today (CBC Radio) Radio-Canada US Fed News CTV Report on Business Television Vancouver Sun Daily Miner and News (Kenora, Ontario) Sans Frontières (Radio-Canada) Winnipeg Free Press Detroit Free Press Sault Star (Sault Saint Marie, Ontario) Yahoo! News Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, Seattle Times New York) Star Phoenix (Saskatoon)
35 Staff
David N. Biette W. Ken Crist Kristopher Carr Director Program Associate Program Assistant
Stephanie McLuhan Rudyard Griffiths Emily Joyce, Intern Darlene Seto, Intern Program Consultant, Toronto Development Consultant, (University of Calgary) (University of Calgary) Toronto June – August 2007 September – December 2007
Jackie Boekelman, Intern Cami Woolam, Intern Samuel Murray, Intern (Colby College) (University of Alaska Anchorage) (Université Laval) January 2008 January – May 2008 September –December 2008
36 Advisory Board Members 2007–2008
Gerry McCaughey, chair (President and Lorna R. Marsden, CM, PhD (York Canadian Ambassadors CEO, CIBC) University) Hon. Michael Wilson, Canadian C. Warren Goldring, vice chair A. Keith Mitchell, QC (Managing Partner, Ambassador to the United States (Retired Chairman of the Board, AGF Farris, Vaughan, Wills & Murphy LLP) Hon. Frank McKenna, TD Bank, former Management) Matt Mosteller (Senior Director of Canadian Ambassador to the United Louise Beaudoin (Former Quebec Business Development, Resorts of the States; former Premier of New Brunswick Minister of International Relations; Canadian Rockies) Hon. Michael Kergin, University of CERIUM, Université de Montréal) Angus Reid, PhD (CEO, Angus Reid Ottawa; former Canadian Ambassador to Cal Bricker, PhD (Vice President, Public Strategies) the United States Affairs, Waste Management of Canada Michael J. Sabia (Montréal) Corporation) Hon. Raymond Chrétien, Fasken Brian Segal (President and CEO, Rogers Martineau; former Canadian Ambassador William Campbell (Senior Advisor, Publishing Limited) to the United States JPMorgan Chase) Gérald R. Tremblay, QC, OC, CM (Partner, Hon. John de Chastelain, Independent Simon Cooper (President and COO, The McCarthy Tétrault LLP) International Commission on Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company) Pamela Wallin, OC (New York City) Decommissioning; former Canadian Thomas d’Aquino (Chief Executive and Ambassador to the United States President, Canadian Council of Chief Jaime Watt (Principal, Navigator Limited) Hon. Derek Burney, senior strategic Executives) Jodi White (President, Public Policy Forum) advisor, Ogilvy Renault; former Canadian Wendy Dobson, PhD (Institute for John Wright (Senior Vice President, Ambassador to the United States International Business, Rotman School Public Affairs, Ipsos Reid Corporation) Hon. Allan Gotlieb, Bennett Jones; former of Management, University Canadian Ambassador to the United States of Toronto) U.S. Ambassadors Robert J. Foster (President, Capital Honorary Members Canada Limited) Hon. David H. Wilkins , U.S. Ambassador to Canada Paul D. Frazer (The Livingston Richard F. Haskayne (Haskayne and Group LLC) Hon. Paul Cellucci, McCarter and English, Partners) LLP; former U.S. Ambassador to Canada Anne Golden, CM, PhD (President and Hon. Peter Lougheed (Bennett Jones, CEO, The Conference Board of Canada) Hon. Gordon Giffin, McKenna, Long, and former premier of Alberta) Aldridge; former U.S. Ambassador to Krystyna Hoeg (Toronto) Canada John Hunkin (Toronto) Hon. James Blanchard, DLA Piper; former John C. Kerr, CM, OBC, LLD (Chairman, U.S. Ambassador to Canada and former Lignum Investments Ltd.) Governor of Michigan Luc Lavoie (Executive Vice Hon. Peter Teeley, former U.S. President, Quebecor) Ambassador to Canada Larry Light (President & CEO, Arcature) Hon. Edward Ney, Young and Rubicam; David Mann (Cox & Palmer) former U.S. Ambassador to Canada Fred Mannix (Mancal Corporation)
37 Support
It is in gratitude to our supporters in Montréal where we held the Woodrow Wilson Awards Dinner in 2007 that we have featured the City of Montréal in some of the photos in this Report on Activities.
The programs and publications undertaken by the Wilson Center’s Canada Institute have been made possible through the extraordinary generosity of its donors, in particular those Canadian businesses and individuals who see the importance of a strong bilateral relation- ship. The Center’s Development Office has been an outstanding partner in supporting the Canada Institute’s annual awards dinners.
Donors Patrons Concordia University Québecor World Bank of Montreal Coril Holdings, Ltd. Ray & Berndtson Beaudier Inc. Daniel Langlois Foundation Sandra and Leo Kolber Foundation Bell Canada Dollarama Scotiabank BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. Domtar Inc. Standard Life Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Donner Canadian Foundation Stephen R. Bronfman Foundation CGI Group Inc. Doralu Investments TD Bank Financial Group C. Warren Goldring EnCana Corporation The Canadian Embassy in Washington, Great West Life Ernst & Young LLP D.C. Jetport Inc. Execaire The Chastell Foundation Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt Flexgroup International The Gazette Power Corporation of Canada Fonds de Solidarité FTQ The Globe and Mail RBC Foundation Gaz Métro Transat A.T. Inc. Robert C. Wetenhall George Weston Ltd. Transcontinental Inc. SNC-Lavalin Inc. Groupe Canam Ultramar Ltd. Toronto-Dominion Bank Groupe Cossette Université de Montréal Groupe Germain University of Calgary Corporate Supporters Groupe Lépine Accenture Canada Gulliver Individual Supporters Aldo Group Inc. Haskayne & Partners Brian A. Bronfman AMGEN Canada Inc. Hydro-Québec Jan Aronson and Edgar M. Bronfman ARC Energy Trust La Fondation Libermont George Baird Arcop Group La Presse Raymond Chrétien Banque Nationale du Canada La Tour Cartier Ltée Patrick D. Cousineau Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP Lazard & Co. Ltd. Jean-Guy Desjardins Bombardier Aerospace L’Aréna des Canadiens Inc. Yvan Dupond Bombardier Inc. Les Canadiens de Montréal Bernard Lamarre Bombardier Recreational Products Inc. Les Moniteurs Angelcare Inc. Deborah Lucas BPR MacArthur Foundation Daniel M. Martin Business Development Bank of Canada MacDonald Stewart Foundation Pierre Michaud CAE Inc. Maple Leaf Foods Robert Parizeau Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec McGill University Pierre-Georges and Marie-France Roy Canadian Centre for Architecture Merrill Lynch Guylaine Saucier Canadian Energy Pipeline Association Métro Richelieu Inc. Margaret Sintzel Chevron Ogilvy Renault Robert Spickler Clearwater Fine Foods Inc. Old Port of Montreal Corporation Inc. Raymond C. Grant Thornton Cogeco Inc. Pratt & Whitney Canada
38 Woodrow Wilson Awards
October 11, 2007 Gare Windsor Montréal, Quebec
Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service Phyllis Lambert, Founding Director, Canadian Centre for Architecture
Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship Laurent Beaudoin, Chairman and CEO, Bombardier
Previous Canadian Woodrow Wilson Award Recipients
For Public Service: Laurent Beaudoin, Lee Hamilton, Phyllis Lambert The Hon. William Davis, P.C., C.C., O.Ont., Q.C The Hon. Allan Gotlieb, C.C. The Hon. Michael Harcourt, former Premier of British Columbia The Rt. Hon Stephen Harper, P.C., M.P. The Hon. Peter Lougheed, P.C., C.C., Q.C., A.O.E. The Rt. Hon. Brian Mulroney, P.C., C.C., GOQ The Hon. Hilary M. Weston, C. M., O.Ont. Gerry McCaughey, Chair, André Desmarais, dinner chair Canada Institute Advisory Board
For Corporate Citizenship:
The Hon. Paul G. Desmarais, C.P., C.C. Richard F. Haskayne, O.C., A.O.E. Harley N. Hotchkiss, O.C., A.O.E. Peter Munk, O.C. William Sauder, O.C., O.B.C. W. Galen Weston, O.C.
Joan Kirkpatrick, Fred Bush Peter Munk; Melanie Munk; Heather Munroe-Blum, dinner co-chair; David Biette
39 Financial Statement
The Canada Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars receives a very limited federal (U.S.) appropriation for a few conferences each year. The bulk of its funding comes from corporate and individual donations, a gift from the Government of Canada, as well as the proceeds of Woodrow Wilson Awards Dinners held in Canada.
Due to the success of our fundraising efforts, the Canada Institute has established an endowment to help underwrite fellowships at the Center for Canadian scholars and to develop Wilson Center programs in Calgary and other parts of Alberta.
Canada Institute Temporarily Restricted Fund Balance as of September 30, 2006 $822,489.40 FY2007 Canada Institute Gross Revenue $1,515,116.00 FY2007 Canada Institute Program Expenses Program and Related Expenses 678,794.25 Indirect Costs 149,621.55 Canada Institute Temporarily Restricted Fund Balance as of September 30, 2007 $686,700.20
40
The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars is the living, na- tional memorial to President Wilson, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center is a nonpartisan institution, supported by public and private funds, engaged in the study of national and world affairs. The Center establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. The Center’s mission is to commem- orate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link be- tween the world of ideas and the world of policy and by fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individu- als concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international af- fairs. In addition to the more than 700 meetings and lectures it holds each year, the Wilson Center maintains an active campaign of outreach through books, newsletters, the award-winning Wilson Quarterly magazine, and the globally syndicated dialogue radio and television programs.
Lee H. Hamilton, President and Director
Board of Trustees Joseph B. Gildenhorn, Chair Sander R. Gerber, Vice Chair
Public members: James H. Billington, The Librarian of Congress; G. Wayne Clough, The Secretary, Smithsonian Institution; Bruce Cole, Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities; Michael O. Leavitt, The Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Condoleezza Rice, The Secretary, U.S. Department of State; Margaret Spellings, The Secretary, U.S. Department of Education; Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States
Private Citizen Members: Charles Cobb, Robin Cook, Charles L. Glazer, Carlos M. Gutierrez, Susan Hutchison, Barry S. Jackson, Ignacio E. Sanchez
41 One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 Tel. (202) 691-4301 Fax (202) 691-4001 www.wilsoncenter.org/canada
42