DOCSLIB.ORG

Echolocation Methods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Echolocation Methods Echolocation Methods Roman Salamon & Henryk Lasota II 2016 – VI 2016 General information [2] authors: Roman Salamon, Henryk Lasota translated, modified, LYXed, and taught by: Henryk Lasota, Ph.D. (GUT), D.Sc. (UdV), M.Sc.E.E. (GUT) [email protected] room 748 (EA), phone: (58 347) 17 17 & 11 64 consultations: Wednesday 14:00–16:00 (& other terms by appointment) course slides & script: http://Echolocation Methods – Materials Supplementary information [3] Time dimension 30 hours, 2 lecture hours a week Acceptance requirements Written test with 60% passing threshold References (bibliography) M. Skolnik (ed.): Radar Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York 1970, 1998, 2008 (with contributions by 30 world experts). M. Skolnik: Introduction to Radar Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York 1962, 1980, 2001. R. Salamon: Systemy hydrolokacyjne (Sonar Systems), Wyd. GTN, Gdańsk 2006. D. L. Mensa: High resolution radar cross-section imaging, Artech House, Boston 1981, 1984, 1990, 1991. R. Urick: Principles of Underwater Sound, McGraw-Hill, New York 1967, 1975, 1996. D. Martinez et al., High Performance Embedded Computing Handbook: A System Perspective, CRC Press, Boca Raton 2008 1 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I Course content [4] For the purpose of the exam, the content of the course is developed in four groups: • A – I. Echolocation systems, – II, Radars and sonars, – III. Echolocation signals, Detection • B – IV, Antenna directivity, – V. Practical theory of apertures and arrays, – VI. Multibeam system techniques. • C – VII, Special purpose echolocation, – VIII. Echolocation system design • D – IX. MES Dept.- proper sonars, – X. HPEC: A systems perspective 2 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I Part I Echolocation systems 1 Generalities Course philosophy – STEM [5] • STEM – mix: Remote observation and localization What, and why, do we see and hear? – Science Physical basis, technical parameters, exploitation characteristics (S -> E). – Technology Waves, their spreading - theoretical model of prop- – Engineering agation (M), practical models (S), medium inho- – Maths mogeneities, inhomogeneities in the medium. • (+Art -> STEAM ) Department of Marine Electronics Systems - sonars for the Polish Navy, echosounders for Meteorology and Water Management Authority etc. System con- Antennas (antennae) - key elements of spatial sys- ception, design (S + E + M), element design and tems (STEM manifests itself in the implementa- development (E + T), system implementation and tion process: The antenna design is an engineering tests (S + E) marine tests and exploitation in real art (E), calculations (M) are founded on the phys- sea conditions (STEM – TRL 7 / TRL 9). ical theory of diffraction (S), construction is tech- nologically complex (T). Course philosophy – Systems, waves, sygnals [6] Education =6 self-learning Electromagnetic waves (radio waves, microwaves, Lecture = reflection of an expert - experienced en- coherent light). gineer (E+T), - qualified scientist (S + M), offered Acoustic waves (sonars). to younger colleagues („greenhorns”) . Seismic waves (geophysical exploration). Acquisition of information from the environment Dedicated signal processing Radars, sonars microprocessor systems – active detection, beamforming – passive Dedicated exposition of the space and object infor- Sensor networks mation Passive acquisition systems Synchronized, asynchronous Course philosophy – Space [7] Remote interaction with objects in the environmental space: command systems, moving objects automatic control. Objects: land vehicles, aircrafts (flying units), floating on the surface, under water: car, plane, ship, submarine, autonomous vehicle (drone, UAV, USV, UUV) Information – the space itself meteorological phenomena - atmosphere underwater phenomena - hydrosphere (navigation obstacles, icebergs) tomography – sequential radio- or ultrasono-graphy: biological objects, technological elements, hy- drosphere 3 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I 1.1 General working principle General working principle of echolocation system [8] Working (operation/functioning) principle The transmitter generates a powerful electric pulse. The transmit antenna radiates it into the sur- rounding space as a sounding wave – electromagnetic (radar, lidar) or acoustic (sonar, sodar) probe. The pulse wave travels through the relevant physical space (radio or sound channel) and hits a distant object (target). The reflected wave reaches (back) the receiving antenna and the electric echo signal is detected (or not) in the receiver system. The receiver detects the echo signal and measures the time τ elapsed since the moment of sending it until its reception. When the propagation speed c of the signal wave is known, the distance R of the target from the echolocation system is calculated as: cτ τ = 2R/c, meaning: R = 2 2 Basic tasks of echolocation systems Basic tasks of echolocation systems [9] Possible tasks 1. Detection of the object/target in the observed space 2. Determination of the target position – localisation 3. Estimation of selected parameters of the target 4. Target classification 5. Target identification 2.1 Target detection and localisation Target detection and localisation [10] 1. Target detection is to determine whether at a given time receiver receives the echo signal or a noise/interference. The noise occurs in the channel (space, air, water environment) and add/supperpose in the receiver to the echo signal. The determination of the presence of the useful/known signal on the noise background is called detection. 2. Target localisation relative to the echolocation system is mainly performed by measuring its distance and bearing. The latter means the angle between the direction in which the target is detected, and the reference axis. 4 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I 2.2 Target bearing Target bearing [11] 2a. Target bearing can be, for example, an azimuth angle (relative to north) and elevation (relative to the earth surface). Reference system can be, eg, the plane, the ship or any device at which the echolocation system is installed. 2b. Directivity The bearing/direction measurement is performed by making use of directional properties of transmitting and receiving antennae/antennas of the echolocation system. 2.3 Estimation, classification, identification Estimation, classification, identification [12] 3. Parameter estimation consists in determining the size, velocity, direction of movement, etc. Information about these pa- rameters are sometimes included in the echo signal and can be extracted from it. 4. Target classification means the recognition in a wide (worse) or narrow (better) class of objects. For example, the detected target is a vessel (wide class) or the detected object is a boat (narrow class). 5. Target identification means an assignment to a very narrow class of objects such as a Boeing 737 or more precisely the specific aircraft (eg. “friend or foe” or “flight number...”). The course will deal with only the first three of the above mentioned tasks (excluding classification and identification) 2.4 General classification of echolocation systems General classification of echolocation systems [13] Four kinds of echolocation systems Due to the physical type of applied signal waves, echolocation systems are divided (in historical order) into: • radiolocation systems that use electromagnetic waves in air (radars), • underwater acoustic systems (hydroacoustic systems) using acoustic waves in water reservoirs (sonars), • aerolocation systems using acoustic waves in air (sodars), 5 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I • geolocation systems using mechanical waves on the Earth surface and underwater, • laser systems using coherent optical waves in air (lidars). The choice of specific waves is mainly due to the size of their absorption/attenuation in the propa- gation medium. Generally, these waves are selected, that are the least attenuated in the environment of system operation. 2.5 Semantics Semantics [14] Two classes of “detection, navigation, and ranging” • radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging), • sonar (SOund Navigation And Ranging), • sodar (SOund Detection And Ranging), • lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging). Terminology (wording, nomenclature) – echolocation semantics • transmitter, • transmitting power/pulse energy, • channel/physical space, • attenuation, • object/target, • noise/interference, • receiver, • reflection/scattering, • sounding signal/sounding wave. • detection probability, • false alarm rate. General scheme of communication system [15] General scheme of echolocation system [16] 6 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I Sonar transmitter - basic functionalities [17] Sonar receiver - basic functionalities [18] Echolocation devices in every day use [19] Ultrasound parking sensor Working principle: Determining the distance from the obstacle by measuring the time between the mo- ment of transmitting pulse and receiving the echo signal. Price: 4 sensors + measurer 100 zl. Ultrasonic rangefinder intellimeasure Working principle: as abowe Measuring accuracy: 0.5% Range 12 m. Price 136 zl. Echolocation devices in every day use [20] 7 R. Salamon & H. Lasota 2016-06-08 Echolocation systems I Laser rangefinder Leica Disto D210 Working principle: as in ultrasound devices, but light impulses Measuring accuracy: 1 mm Range 80 m. Price 350 zl. One of the MES Dept. sonars - a poster [21] MG-89DSP, imaging, parameters, scheme [22] One of the MES Dept. sonars -
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Front Matter
    TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION OF REMEDIATION OAK RIDGE OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN July 2018 June 2019 Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization No. 327023 June 29, 2018 Pursuant to the State of Tennessee’s policy of non-discrimination, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its policies, or in the admission or access to, or treatment or employment in its programs, services or activities. Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action inquiries or complaints should be directed to the EEO/AA coordinator, Office of General Counsel, William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower 2nd Floor, 312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888-867-7455. ADA inquiries or complaints should be directed to the ADAAA coordinator, William Snodgrass Tennessee Tower 2nd Floor, 312 Rosa Parks Avenue, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-866-253-5827. Hearing impaired callers may use the Tennessee Relay Service 1-800-848-0298. To reach your local ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE CENTER Call 1-888-891-8332 or 1-888-891-TDEC This plan was published with 100% federal funds DE-EM0001620 DE-EM0001621 Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization No. 327023 June 29, 2018 Executive Summary The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), Division of Remediation (DoR), Oak Ridge Office (ORO), submits its FY 2019 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) in accordance with the Environmental Surveillance and Oversight Agreement (ESOA) between the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the State of Tennessee; and where applicable, the Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) between the DOE, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the State of Tennessee.
    [Show full text]
  • TDEC 2014- TN5288--TDEC 2013-Environmental-Monitoring
    TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DOE OVERSIGHT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT JANUARY through DECEMBER 2013 Pursuant to the State of Tennessee’s policy of non-discrimination, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its policies, or in the admission or access to, or treatment or employment in its programs, services or activities. Equal employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action inquiries or complaints should be directed to the EEO/AA Coordinator, Office of General Counsel, 401 Church Street, 20th Floor, L & C Tower, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888-867-7455. ADA inquiries or complaints should be directed to the ADA Coordinator, Human Resources Division, 401 Church Street, 12th Floor, L & C Tower, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888- 253-5827. Hearing impaired callers may use the Tennessee Relay Service 1-800-848-0298. To reach your local ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE CENTER Call 1-888-891-8332 OR 1-888-891-TDEC This report was published With 100% Federal Funds DE-EM0001621 DE-EM0001620 Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization April 2014 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………….3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………4 ACRONYMS …………………………………………………………………………………………15 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………19 AIR QUALITY MONITORING Monitoring of Hazardous Air Pollutants on the Oak Ridge Reservation .……………………………..23 RadNet
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Natural and Anthropogenic Sound Sources and Acoustic Propagation in the North Sea
    UNCLASSIFIED Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague The Netherlands TNO report www.tno.nl TNO-DV 2009 C085 T +31 70 374 00 00 F +31 70 328 09 61 [email protected] Assessment of natural and anthropogenic sound sources and acoustic propagation in the North Sea Date February 2009 Author(s) Dr. M.A. Ainslie, Dr. C.A.F. de Jong, Dr. H.S. Dol, Dr. G. Blacquière, Dr. C. Marasini Assignor The Netherlands Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Affairs; Directorate-General for Water Affairs Project number 032.16228 Classification report Unclassified Title Unclassified Abstract Unclassified Report text Unclassified Appendices Unclassified Number of pages 110 (incl. appendices) Number of appendices 1 All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced and/or published in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the previous written permission from TNO. All information which is classified according to Dutch regulations shall be treated by the recipient in the same way as classified information of corresponding value in his own country. No part of this information will be disclosed to any third party. In case this report was drafted on instructions, the rights and obligations of contracting parties are subject to either the Standard Conditions for Research Instructions given to TNO, or the relevant agreement concluded between the contracting parties. Submitting the report for inspection to parties who have a direct interest is permitted. © 2009 TNO Summary Title : Assessment of natural and anthropogenic sound sources and acoustic propagation in the North Sea Author(s) : Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Abstracts
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 08, 2021 Danish activities concerning noise in the environment (A) Ingerslev, Fritz Published in: Acoustical Society of America. Journal Link to article, DOI: 10.1121/1.2019901 Publication date: 1982 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Ingerslev, F. (1982). Danish activities concerning noise in the environment (A). Acoustical Society of America. Journal, 72(S1), S45-S46. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2019901 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. PROGRAM OF The 104thMeeting of theAcoustical Society of America SheratonTwin Towers ß Orlando,Florida ß 8-12 November1982 TUESDAY MORNING, 9 NOVEMBER 1982 BROWARD AND PALM BEACH ROOMS, 8:00TO 10:15A.M. SessionA.Underwater Acoustics I: The Impact of Satellite and Aerial Remote Sensing onthe Study of Ocean Acoustics Paul D. Scully-Power,Chairman Naval UnderwaterSystems Center, New London, Connecticut 06320 Chairman'sIntroduction4:00 Invited Papers 8:05 A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustic Masking in Marine Ecosystems: Intuitions, Analysis, and Implication
    Vol. 395: 201–222, 2009 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 3 doi: 10.3354/meps08402 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Acoustics in marine ecology’ OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: intuitions, analysis, and implication Christopher W. Clark1,*, William T. Ellison2, Brandon L. Southall3, 4, Leila Hatch5, Sofie M. Van Parijs6, Adam Frankel2, Dimitri Ponirakis1 1Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA 2Marine Acoustics, 809 Aquidneck Avenue, Middletown, Rhode Island 02842, USA 3Southall Environmental Associates, 911 Center Street, Suite B, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA 4Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA 5Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, Massachusetts 02066, USA 6 NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA ABSTRACT: Acoustic masking from anthropogenic noise is increasingly being considered as a threat to marine mammals, particularly low-frequency specialists such as baleen whales. Low-frequency ocean noise has increased in recent decades, often in habitats with seasonally resident populations of marine mammals, raising concerns that noise chronically influences life histories of individuals and populations. In contrast to physical harm from intense anthropogenic sources, which can have acute impacts on individuals, masking from chronic noise sources has been difficult to quantify at individ- ual or population levels, and resulting effects have been even more difficult to assess. This paper pre- sents an analytical paradigm to quantify changes in an animal’s acoustic communication space as a result of spatial, spectral, and temporal changes in background noise, providing a functional defini- tion of communication masking for free-ranging animals and a metric to quantify the potential for communication masking.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
    L.1200.076.0107 TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION OF REMEDIATION OAK RIDGE OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT For Work Performed: July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018 November 2018 Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization No. 327023 Pursuant to the State of Tennessee’s policy of non-discrimination, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its policies, or in the admission or access to, or treatment or employment in its programs, services or activities. Equal employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action inquiries or complaints should be directed to the EEO/AA Coordinator, Office of General Counsel, William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower 2nd Floor, 312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888- 867-7455. ADA inquiries or complaints should be directed to the ADAAA Coordinator, William Snodgrass Tennessee Tower 2nd Floor, 312 Rosa Parks Avenue, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-866-253-5827. Hearing impaired callers may use the Tennessee Relay Service 1-800-848-0298. To reach your local ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE CENTER Call 1-888-891-8332 or 1-888-891-TDEC This plan was published with 100% federal funds DE-EM0001620 DE-EM0001621 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. i Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Echolocation in Dolphins
    3/13/13 Evolution of Echolocation in Dolphins http://onthegoinmco.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Discovery-Cove-Baby-Dolphin.jpg.jpg Outline * Echolocation * What is it? * What it is good for? https://i.chzbgr.com/maxW500/6583346176/h4CCE80A7/ * Overview on Echolocation in Dolphins * Brain Size Analysis * Important Proteins and components * Prestin and Others * A brief summary of bats * Comparative Evolution of Echolocation http://govashon.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/orca2.jpg * Dolphins vs. Bats * Phylogenetic Tree Analysis http://www.globalanimal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/BABY- DOLPHIN-LEARNS-TO-SWIM.jpeg 1 3/13/13 What is Echolocation? * Is the emission of sound waves into the environment, and then listening to the returning sounds that are bounced off objects. * Toothed whales (Including dolphins), and two species of bat are capable of echolocation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation What is Echolocation? 2 3/13/13 3 3/13/13 More on Dolphin Echolocation * Eco-locating dolphins can detect targets at ranges of 100 + meters. * Signals * Pulses * Example: The bottlenose dolphin can hear over a wide frequency range between 75Hz to 150kHz. They produce directional broadband clicks in sequence. http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/peopleanimalsuse/echolocation/ What is it good for? * Communication * Navigation of environment * Locate and hunt Prey https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSojb- biH9F_Rrz7FjSQhn8XqueAwGA4wG0Fq4xvPn0MNGZDKQC2w * The swimming bladder of fish * Studies show discrimination
    [Show full text]
  • Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (Wgmme)
    WORKING GROUP ON MARINE MAMMAL ECOLOGY (WGMME) VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 39 ICES SCIENTIFIC REPORTS RAPPORTS SCIENTIFIQUES DU CIEM ICES INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA CIEM CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L’EXPLORATION DE LA MER ICES Scientific Reports Volume 2 | Issue 39 WORKING GROUP ON MARINE MAMMAL ECOLOGY (WGMME) Recommended format for purpose of citation: ICES. 2020. Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:39. 85 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5975 Editors Anders Galatius • Anita Gilles Authors Markus Ahola • Matthieu Authier • Sophie Brasseur • Julia Carlström • Farah Chaudry • Ross Culloch • Peter Evans • Anders Galatius • Steve Geelhoed • Anita Gilles • Philip Hammond • Ailbhe Kavanagh • Karl Lundström • Kelly Macleod • Abbo van Neer • Kjell Nilssen • Graham Pierce • Janneke Ransijn • Bob Rumes • Begoña Santos ICES | WGMME 2020 | I Contents i Executive summary .......................................................................................................................iii ii Expert group information ..............................................................................................................iv 1 ToR A. Review and report on any new information on seal and cetacean population abundance, population/stock structure, management frameworks (including indicators and targets for MSFD assessments), and anthropogenic threats to individual health and population status..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Binaural Signals in Bat Echolocation Timos
    Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 58 (2008) pp 97-102 online at http://www.scientific.net © (2008) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Online available since 2008/Sep/02 Determining the binaural signals in bat echolocation Timos Papadopoulos 1,a , Robert Allen 1,b and Stephen Haynes 1,c 1ISVR, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK [email protected] [email protected] c [email protected] Keywords: Bat echolocation, bioacoustics modelling, bio-inspiration. Abstract. Echolocating bats are known to outperform manmade systems in the tasks of autonomous navigation and object detection and classification, especially when size, power and computational complexity requirements are considered. As a result, the individual physical mechanisms and processes involved in echolocation (types of signals used, properties of the emission mechanism, echoes created in different echolocation tasks, receptor characteristics as well as the bat’s auditory system) have received significant attention as a possible source of bio-inspiration. However, not much attention has been drawn to optimisations that may arise as a combined effect of the above mechanisms. Of key importance in such an investigation would be the knowledge of the binaural signals generated in real echolocation tasks as those are the actual input signals utilised by the bat’s auditory system. The direct measurement of these signals is severely restricted by the very small size of most bat species. We describe the development of an experimental facility that combines the measurement and modelling of the aforementioned subsystems for the determination of the binaural signals associated with echolocation. We present initial measurement results and compare them with analytical modelling predictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Classifying Bats to Species Based on Ultrasound Recordings Systems Using Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forests
    IT 20 047 Examensarbete 30 hp Augusti 2020 Classifying bats to species based on ultrasound recordings Systems using artificial neural networks and random forests Samuel Pettersson Institutionen för informationsteknologi Department of Information Technology Abstract Classifying bats to species based on ultrasound recordings Samuel Pettersson Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten Methods from machine learning are applied to species identification of bats based on short audio recordings. Feedforward artificial neural networks (densely connected as Besöksadress: well as convolutional) perform the classification based on spectrograms of the Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 recordings. This is an in the literature largely unexplored method for acoustic Hus 4, Plan 0 species-identification of bats that has seen great success for species identification of birds. Random forests are trained to classify individual bat calls (detected Postadress: automatically using preëxisting software) based on temporal and spectral features Box 536 751 21 Uppsala (automatically measured in spectrograms of the recordings). The random forests then classify entire recordings by aggregating the classifications of all calls in each recording. Telefon: 018 – 471 30 03 The deep convolutional neural networks perform the best, achieving an accuracy of Telefax: 89.09 % (averaged over all classes) on a held-out test set and proving the viability of 018 – 471 30 00 deep learning for acoustic species-identification of bats. The best-performing random forest achieves an accuracy of 83.10 % (averaged over all classes) on a held-out Hemsida: validation set. These results seem to compare decently to results found in the http://www.teknat.uu.se/student literature, but a fair comparison is difficult to make.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Sonar Systems NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
    Animal Sonar Systems NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contem­ porary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world, assembled in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division_ Series A: Life Sciences Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 22 - Plant Regulation and World Agriculture edited by Tom K. Scott Volume 23 - The Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses edited by R. Perez-Bercoff Volume 24 - Humoral Immunity in Neurological Diseases edited by D. Karcher, A. Lowenthal, and A. D. Strosberg Volume 25 - Synchrotron Radiation Applied to Biophysical and Biochemical Research edited by A. Castellani and I. F. Quercia Volume 26 - Nucleoside Analogues: Chemistry, Biology, and Medical Applications edited by Richard T. Walker, Erik De Clercq, and Fritz Eckstein Volume 27 - Developmental Neurobiology of Vision edited by Ralph D. Freeman Volume 28 - Animal Sonar Systems - edited by Rene-Guy Busnel and James F. Fish Volume 29 - Genome Organization and Expression in Plants edited by C. J. Leaver Volume 30 - Human Physical Growth and Maturation edited by Francis E. Johnston, Alex F. Roche, and Charles Susanne Volume 31 - Transfer of Cell Constituents into Eukaryotic Cells edited by J. E. Celis, A. Graessmann, and A. Loyter Volume 32 - The Blood-Retinal Barriers edited by Jose G. Cunha-Vaz Volume 33 - Photoreception and Sensory Transduction in Aneural Organisms edited by Francesco Lenci and Giuliano Colombetti The series is published by an international board of publishers in con­ junction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and D.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Agenda
    19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.4-08 (WG) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March Dist. 12 March 2012 Agenda Item 4.2 Priorities in the Implementation of the Triennium Work Plan (2010-2012) Review of New Information on the Extent of Negative Effects of Sound Document 4-08 Report of the Noise Working Group Action Requested Take note Comment Submitted by Noise Working Group NOTE: IN THE INTERESTS OF ECONOMY, DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REMINDED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING Report of the open-ended Inter-sessional Working Group on Noise Report of the open-ended Inter-sessional Working Group .................................................................... 1 on Noise ................................................................................................................................................... 1 I Relevant activities and developments including in other international bodies (e.g. ACCOBAMS, HELCOM and OSPAR) and under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive; .............................. 2 EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive ....................................................................................... 2 ACCOBAMS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 HELCOM ........................................................................................................................................... 3 OSPAR .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]