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Second Order Centers and Regional Integration in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Sarah M

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Second Order Centers and Regional Integration in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Sarah M Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Second Order Centers and Regional Integration in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Sarah M. Liko Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS AND SCIENCES SECOND ORDER CENTERS AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE AEGEAN By SARAH M. LIKO A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2012 Sarah M. Liko defended this dissertation on December 2, 2011. The members of the supervisory committee were: Lynne A. Schepartz Professor Directing Dissertation Daniel J. Pullen University Representative Glen H. Doran Committee Member Rochelle A. Marrinan Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii Dedicated to the memory of myΝgrandfather,ΝRichardΝAέΝεoore,Ν―θaw‖,ΝwhoΝfirstΝpiqued my interest in archaeology when I was just a little girl who liked to play in the dirt. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are several people I would like to acknowledge for the help they provided me in the completion of this research project. I am very thankful to my committee chairperson and advisor Dr. Lynne Schepartz for her guidance, insights, and patience. I also owe a great deal of gratitude to Dr. Daniel Pullen for his help in developing my research and his valuable feedback. Thank you to committee members Drs. Glen Doran and Rochelle Marrinan for their insightful critiques. I appreciate Drs. Cheryl Ward and William Parkinson for their assistance in developing my project. They have since moved on to other universities, but their guidance and teaching helped to develop me as a graduate student. I would also like to thank Dr. Aleydis Van de Moortel for mentoring me as an undergraduate and helping to develop my interest in the Aegean Bronze Age. Graduate school would have been much tougher without the support of my friends in the Department of Anthropology. Thank you to Alex and Tim Parsons, Ella Brooke Rose, Maureen Mahoney, Dan Seinfeld, Cyndi Bellacero, Michelle Markovics, Hanneke Hoekman-Sites, Guy and Ivy Hepp, Geoff Thomas, Josh Englehardt, Colette Berbesque, Julie Byrd, and Ryan Duggins. Thanks to my friends in Tallahassee, Deb Trusty, Bridget McDonnell, and Giovanna Munoz. I also greatly appreciate Jessica Lenden-Holt, her companionship in our undergraduate years, and our wonderful friendship that has grown over the past two decades. Special thanks go to myΝ―εonsterΝSquad‖Νfriends,ΝKatieΝandΝEduardoΝεiyar,ΝIanΝθawn,ΝandΝRachelΝKatz,ΝforΝtheirΝ advice and for our adventures. I want to give special thanks for all of the encouragement of my parents Richard and Marie Moore. I never would have made it this far without their support. My grandmother, Sara Moore (Maw), also deserves special gratitude for instilling me with an intense desire to learn and read. She and my late grandfather, Richard Moore (Paw), encouraged my curiosity in everything. My sister Laura is always there when I need her and our late-night conversations provided a nice respite from studying. Her ambition motivates me. My youngest sister Catie constantly reminds me of the importance of having big dreams and a big imagination. Finally, I owe the greatest thanks to my husband, Ermal, who was patient enough to put up with me while writing my dissertation and to listen to my streams of thought even when they made no sense to him. His constant encouragement saw me through the final stages of my research. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Goals and Contributions ................................................................................................2 1.2 Chapter Overview ..........................................................................................................3 2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: MYCENAEAN SOCIO-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ...................................................................................................................5 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................5 2.2 Internal Dynamic of States .............................................................................................5 2.3 Mycenaean Social Organization ....................................................................................7 2.3.1 Mycenaean Polities as States .............................................................................7 2.3.2 Mycenaean Political Strategies ........................................................................10 2.3.3 Mycenaean Administrative Organization ........................................................12 2.3.4 Mycenaean Settlement Hierarchies..................................................................14 2.4 Mycenaean Political Economies ..................................................................................16 2.4.1 Wealth Finance ................................................................................................16 2.4.2 Prestige Finance ...............................................................................................18 2.4.3 ―Two-Sector‖Νεodel ........................................................................................20 2.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................23 3. THE COMPOSITE MODEL OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION ........................................24 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................24 3.2 Socio-Political Organization and Regional Integration ...............................................25 3.3 Models Addressing Regional Integration ....................................................................27 3.3.1 Models Citing Conflict and Coercion ..............................................................27 3.3.2 Models Citing Voluntaristic Support ...............................................................29 3.4 The Composite Model of Regional Integration ...........................................................31 3.4.1 Imposition Strategy ..........................................................................................32 3.4.2 Competition Strategy .......................................................................................37 3.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................41 4. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF SECOND ORDER CENTERS ...................43 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................43 4.2 Settlement Patterns.......................................................................................................44 4.3 Textual Definition ........................................................................................................47 4.4 Proposed Archaeological Definition ............................................................................48 4.4.1 Political and Social Roles ................................................................................51 4.4.2 Administrative and Economic Roles ...............................................................54 v 4.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................59 5. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SETTING: THE PYLOS AND MYCENAE REGIONS ................60 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................60 5.2 Chronological Scope ....................................................................................................61 5.3 Pylos Region ................................................................................................................61 5.3.1 Defining a Boundary of the Region .................................................................61 5.3.2 Political Geography .........................................................................................63 5.3.3 Potential Second Order Centers .......................................................................65 5.4 Mycenae Region ..........................................................................................................66 5.4.1 Defining a Boundary of the Region .................................................................66 5.4.2 Political Geography .........................................................................................69 5.4.3 Potential Second Order Centers .......................................................................72 5.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................72
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